Coast morning glory is used to treat stomach aches and constipation. The fruit of the pepper plant helps to expel ‘gas’. A mixture of crushed roots, leaves and salt is good for treating toothaches. Betel leaves are used to treat headaches, toothaches and pains in the joints. Basil is used to fight against cancer and infection. It is also used to treat stress, asthma and diabetes. Most of the ingredients used in Thai cooking have medicinal properties. 3.4 Medicine I‛m having a bad toothache. Which of these plants will help me? Uses of Plants and Animals 45 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp03.indd 45 5/14/2020 7:34:59 PM
Chilli, ginger, turmeric and galangal are good for people suffering from flatulence. These plants help expel ‘gas’ from our stomachs. They are also used to treat colds, headaches and indigestion. Watermelons, oranges, pineapples and tamarinds are good for ‘cooling’ the body. The Kapok tree is just as useful. The flowers can help to soothe burns, the bark is useful for treating diarrhoea and the sap can be used to stop bleeding. Visit the market with your parents. Try to identify food that can be used as medicine. Try This! 46 Chapter 3 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp03.indd 46 5/14/2020 7:35:03 PM
have Plants • basil • fruits • morning glory • chillies • betel • ginger • pepper medicinal properties such as Key Ideas Uses of Plants and Animals 47 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp03.indd 47 5/14/2020 7:35:13 PM
WHAT WE WEAR Process skills observing, inferring, communicating What you need specimens of clothing labelled A, B, C, D and E 1. What can plants and animals be used for? 2. State two ways in which the following plants may be used: a) bamboo b) ginger 3. State how the following living things can be used for clothing: a) cotton plant b) silkworm c) sheep 4. List some examples of plants and animals that are eaten as food. Review Questions Experiment Time! 48 Chapter 3 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp03.indd 48 5/14/2020 7:35:15 PM
Procedure and observations 1. Observe the specimens of clothing provided. 2. Draw a table like the one shown below. Cotton Silk Wool A B C D E 3. Decide if the specimen is made of cotton, silk or wool. Tick () in the correct column for each specimen. 4. Which of the materials come(s) from: a) plants? b) animals? Conclusion What can you infer about the uses of plants and animals from this activity? Go to WB Revision Worksheet 3 Uses of Plants and Animals 49 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp03.indd 49 5/14/2020 7:35:16 PM
What are the things in your pencil case made of? 4. Using Materials 50 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 50 5/14/2020 10:11:26 PM
Which of these things are hard and cannot be bent easily? Which of them are soft and can be bent easily? Whether we can bend these things depends on what materials they are made of. Types of materials Let us look at some of the things in the pencil case again. 4.1 Let’s Look at... • different types of materials • physical properties of materials • how to choose the right material to make things Using Materials 51 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 51 5/14/2020 10:12:03 PM
We can use different materials to make things. Bangles Flower pot Jar T-shirt Tyre Chopsticks Nails Bottle Glass Rubber Metal Resin Cloth Wood Clay Plastic Go to WB Activity 4.1 52 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 52 5/14/2020 10:12:28 PM
These things are made of wood. These things are made of glass. These things are made of cloth. These things are made of rubber. What do you think the things in the playground are made of? Put on Your Thinking Cap Using Materials 53 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 53 5/14/2020 10:13:24 PM
These things are made of plastic. These things are made of resin. Resin is also used to make plastic. These things are made of clay. These things are made of metal. 54 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 54 5/14/2020 10:14:01 PM
We can use different materials to make a single thing. The shirt is made of cloth. The button is made of plastic. The door is made of wood. The door handle is made of metal. The pot is made of metal. The handle is made of plastic. Look around your classroom. Choose a thing that is made of different materials. What are the different materials it is made of? Put on Your Thinking Cap Using Materials 55 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 55 5/14/2020 10:14:16 PM
Look at the things in your room. Name one thing that is made of: a) plastic b) metal c) rubber d) wood Things materials • wood • glass • rubber • resin and plastic • metal • cloth • clay made of such as Try This! Key Ideas Go to WB Activity 4.2 56 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 56 5/14/2020 10:14:18 PM
Which of them is the hardest and strongest? We can describe a material by its properties. Which of them will float on water? 4.2 How are the materials different? Look at these rulers. They are made of different materials. How are they different? Which of them can be bent easily? Using Materials 57 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 57 5/14/2020 10:14:25 PM
Here are some questions we can ask to find out what the properties of a material are: A harder material can scratch a softer material. A strong material can support heavy things and not break. Some materials can float on water. Others sink. This metal container can carry heavy things. The wooden ruler floats but the metal ruler sinks. Is it strong? Can it float? Is it hard? This metal ruler can scratch the wooden ruler. 58 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 58 5/14/2020 10:14:28 PM
A material is waterproof if it does not get wet in water. Which is waterproof – the shirt or the raincoat? Is it waterproof? Some materials can be bent easily without breaking. We can bend this rubber slipper easily. Can it be bent? Some materials break easily. Others do not. Does glass break easily? How about plastic? Does it break? Using Materials 59 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 59 5/14/2020 10:14:30 PM
Properties of materials • Is it hard? • Is it strong? • Can it float? • Can it be bent? • Is it waterproof? • Does it break? Key Ideas Go to WB Activity 4.3 60 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 60 5/14/2020 10:14:32 PM
What happens when we use the wrong material to make something? The things will not function properly! We need to choose the right materials to make things. 4.3 Which material to choose? Is metal a good material for making shoes? Why? Put on Your Thinking Cap Using Materials 61 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 61 5/14/2020 10:14:35 PM
How do you choose the right materials? Ask yourself the following questions: What materials would you use to make a pencil case? Why would you use those materials? What is the thing used for? What properties must this thing have? Which materials have these properties? Put on Your Thinking Cap 62 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 62 5/14/2020 10:14:55 PM
Let us look at an example. What material should we use to make a pair of gloves? Go to WB Activity 4.4 The gloves are used to protect our hands when we wash dishes. This means that they must be waterproof and be able to bend easily. Rubber and plastic have those properties. We can use rubber or plastic to make the gloves! Using Materials 63 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 63 5/14/2020 10:15:04 PM
4.4 Materials in Water Sink or float? What materials should we use to make a toy boat? Yes, you‛re right! This will ensure that the toy boat floats in water. We need to use materials that can float in water to make a toy boat. 64 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 64 5/14/2020 10:15:06 PM
The wooden ice cream stick floats in water. What materials float in water? The plastic cup floats in water. The metal coin sinks in water. Should we use plastic, metal or wood to make the toy boat? Only the plastic cup and wooden ice cream stick float in water. The metal coin does not float in water. This means that we can use plastic or wood to make the toy boat. Using Materials 65 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 65 5/14/2020 10:15:08 PM
Water Absorbency Some materials absorb water better than others. What should we use to wipe the water off the table? aluminium foil glass sheet paper towel cloth 66 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 66 5/14/2020 10:15:21 PM
the choice of materials products determine for making The properties of a material Key Ideas Using Materials 67 We should use a material that absorbs water to wipe the table. The cotton cloth and the paper towel absorb water, but the other materials do not. The cloth and the paper towel are absorbent materials while the aluminium foil and glass sheet are waterproof. Would you use a sheet of plastic to wipe the water off the table? Why? Put on Your Thinking Cap 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 67 5/14/2020 10:15:27 PM
Natural resources are important to us. Let us conserve and save them so that they can last for a long time. 4.5 Conserving our treasures 68 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 68 5/14/2020 10:15:30 PM
û ü ü û • Reduce the amount of rubbish. • Reduce the use of materials that pollute the environment. • Reduce the use of energy resources. Walk or cycle for short distances instead of using the car. I use cloth rags to wipe table tops instead of paper towels. I buy things that have the least packaging. Practise the 3 ‘R’s The 3 ‘R’s refer to reduce, reuse and recycle. The 3 ‘R’s enable us to protect the trees and reduce pollution. Using Materials 69 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 69 5/14/2020 10:15:48 PM
You can reuse them to • Reuse and recycle whenever possible. Reuse glass jars and bottles. Reuse plastic bags and bottles. Recycle rubbish such as paper, cans and things made of plastic and glass. Put on Your Thinking Cap How does reusing books save the environment? These are your brother‛s books! You can reuse them to help save the environment and save us some money. 70 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 70 5/14/2020 10:15:59 PM
Enforce laws The government can enforce laws to: protect animals or plants that are threatened with extinction Malayan tapirs are hunted for their meat and hide while their forest habitats have been destroyed. As a result, their numbers have reduced greatly to near extinction. They are now protected animals in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. White orchids used to grow in the forests. They are now protected in Thailand and are grown in specially designed greenhouses. stop the illegal dumping of waste into water sources stop the illegal cutting or burning of forests Using Materials 71 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 71 5/14/2020 10:16:05 PM
Keep places clean and green We can reduce pollution by keeping places clean. Throw litter into rubbish bins Do not throw litter on beaches or into drains. 72 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 72 5/14/2020 10:16:06 PM
Grow more plants Plants release fresh air that all organisms need. Growing trees and plants keeps our air clean and fresh. Volunteers are growing plants in some deserts to hold down the soil. This helps to cut down the number of serious sandstorms. Sandstorms can carry very tiny sand particles around the world, bringing with them pollutants and micro-organisms that cause diseases. WOW! Using Materials 73 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 73 5/14/2020 10:16:11 PM
Key Ideas Go to WB Activity 4.5 may be by which are recycle reuse reduce practising the 3 ‘R’s enforcing laws growing plants keeping places clean Natural resources conserved 74 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 74 5/14/2020 10:16:13 PM
WHICH IS HARDER? Process skills observing, investigating, inferring What you need paper clip, ice cream stick Procedure and observations 1. a) The paper clip is made of . b) The ice cream stick is made of . 1. Name some materials you have learnt about in this chapter. 2. List the properties that may be used to describe a type of material. 3. How do you choose a suitable material to make something? 4. Name some natural resources. 5. What are some of the effects of deforestation? 6. Besides deforestation, what other human activities have harmful effects on our environment? 7. Why is there a need to conserve natural resources? 8. What do the 3 ‘R’s refer to? Review Questions Experiment Time! Using Materials 75 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 75 5/14/2020 10:16:17 PM
2. Use the paper clip to scratch the ice cream stick. Are there any scratch marks on the ice cream stick? 3. Use the ice cream stick to scratch the paper clip. Are there any scratch marks on the paper clip? Conclusion What can you infer about the hardness of metal and wood from this investigation? 76 Chapter 4 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 76 5/14/2020 10:16:17 PM
RUBBISH RESCUE Process skills communicating, generating What you need some ‘rubbish’ from home, for example, • drink cans • drink bottles • egg cartons • tissue boxes • toilet roll tubes • old magazines • used envelopes Procedure and observations 1. Be creative! In teams, think of ways to make use of the ‘rubbish’ to create something beautiful or useful. 2. Try out your creative ideas. Display your team’s masterpiece in the science corner. Have fun! Conclusion 1. How does reusing things help to protect our environment? 2. How does reusing things help to conserve natural resources? Go to WB Revision Worksheet 4 Using Materials 77 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp04.indd 77 5/14/2020 10:16:20 PM
5. Light The day is bright because there is sunlight. There is no sunlight at night. Why do you think the day is bright and the night is dark? 78 Chapter 5 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 78 5/14/2020 7:56:39 PM
Sunlight Look around your class! Can you see the different objects around you? 5.1 How do we see objects clearly during the day? Can we see objects just as clearly at night? Why? We can see objects clearly during the day because of the sunlight. Let’s Look at... • how it is bright during the day because the sun gives out light • how light helps us to see • other sources of light Light 79 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 79 5/14/2020 7:56:40 PM
The Earth revolves all the time. During the day, the Earth faces the Sun. Because of the light from the Sun, the days are brighter than the nights. That is why we can see objects without any problem in the day. As the Earth turns its back to the Sun, it becomes night and we cannot see the Sun any longer. Sun Earth NightDay To see objects at night, we need use a light bulb or any other source of light. During the day, we do not need any source of light as we have natural sunlight. 80 Chapter 5 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 80 5/14/2020 7:56:41 PM
Sunlight is the most powerful source of light energy. It is so powerful that it can reach very deep into the ocean! WOW! How light helps us to see We see objects around us with our eyes. When we close our eyes, we cannot see anything around us. When we open our eyes again and there is light around us, we will be able to see the objects in front of us. It is difficult for us to see anything in the dark. Light helps us to see objects. When light falls on an object, that object is visible to us. 5.2 Go to your room at night and switch off the lights. The room should be dark. Now try to fi nd your Mathematics textbook on the table. Will you be able to fi nd your book without light? You will either have to switch on a light or use a torch to fi nd the book. Get a torch from another room and now try to fi nd your Mathematics textbook. You will fi nd the book in no time. We need light to help us fi nd or see things. Try This! Light 81 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 81 5/14/2020 7:56:45 PM
Sources of light There are different sources of light. We can divide the light sources into two types: 5.3 Natural light sources The natural sources of light are those which we get from nature. Sunlight is a natural source of light. The stars in the sky are also natural sources of light. Did you know that there are also some animals like the fireflies and fish in the sea that give off light? electric eel fireflies angler fish 82 Chapter 5 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 82 5/14/2020 7:56:46 PM
Artificial or man-made light sources The light we get from man-made sources are called artificial sources of light. We have many different artificial sources of light around us. Some examples include light bulbs, car head-lights, torches and lamps. man-made light During the day, the Sun is the best source of natural light for us to see objects. At night we are able to see with the help of man-made sources of light. natural light Light 83 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 83 5/14/2020 7:56:59 PM
Go to WB Activity 5.1 Key Ideas Light sources Natural Artifi cial for example for example light from the Sun, stars etc. light from bulb, electric torch etc. 1. Is fi re a natural or an artifi cial source of light? Why? 2. Can you see objects in a dark room? Why? 3. Why is it dark at night? Review Questions are of two types 84 Chapter 5 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 84 5/14/2020 7:57:01 PM
MAKING A KALEIDOSCOPE Experiment Time! Process skills observing and investigating What you need toilet paper roll, Mylar paper sheet or refl ective paper, colourful scrapbook paper, glue, scissors, tape Procedure and observations Step 1: Cover the outside of the toilet paper roll with colourful scrapbook paper and glue to dress it up. Step 2: Cut out a 10 cm by 15 cm Mylar paper sheet to make the inside of the kaleidoscope. Then, fold it into 3 parts to make a triangle. Ensure that the refl ective side of the Mylar paper lies in the inside part of the triangle. Step 3: Secure the triangle with tape and slide it into the inside of the toilet paper roll. Step 4: Go outside and look at the objects around you through your kaleidoscope. Enjoy the cool designs created when you look through your kaleidoscope! Go to WB Revision Worksheet 5 Light 85 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp05.indd 85 5/14/2020 7:57:03 PM
Can you put the things you see here into two groups? 6. A Variety of Things 86 Chapter 6 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 86 5/14/2020 11:12:52 PM
Living or non living? We see so many things every day. It is easier to study them in groups. We put things that are similar in one group. By putting them in groups, we are classifying them. 6.1 These are non-living things. They are not alive. Let’s Look at... • how to classify things • what living and non-living things are A Variety of Things 87 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 87 5/14/2020 11:12:53 PM
These are living things. They are alive. 88 Chapter 6 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 88 5/14/2020 11:12:55 PM
• giraffe • tortoise • dove • tamarind tree • orchid plant • bacteria • mushroom • mosquito • shark • key • newspaper • computer • clothes • toy • water • air • cloud • rock A great variety of things How do you tell if something is living (alive) or non-living (not alive)? non-living thingsliving things classified into examples examples Put on Your Thinking Cap Key Ideas A Variety of Things 89 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 89 5/14/2020 11:12:59 PM
Leaf with its new plants Monkey with its young Tamarind tree with its seeds Living things can reproduce. They can have babies or young. Animals and plants can reproduce. They are living things. Elephant with its young 6.2 What living things can do 90 Chapter 6 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 90 5/14/2020 11:13:02 PM
A baby grows into a child. A bud grows into a flower. Living things can grow. Classify the things in your classroom into living and non-living things. A caterpillar grows into a butterfly. Try This! A Variety of Things 91 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 91 5/14/2020 11:13:03 PM
A rabbit can run and hop. Living things can move by themselves. Animals move in different ways. A frog can leap. I can run! I can swim! A fish can swim. 92 Chapter 6 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 92 5/14/2020 11:13:05 PM
Plants can move too, but not as much or as fast as animals. Leaves can open and close. Imagine you are a rabbit, a parrot or a penguin. How would you move? Act it out! Flowers can open and close. Try This! A Variety of Things 93 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 93 5/14/2020 11:13:12 PM
Living things can respond. They behave differently towards changes around them. Touch the leaves of a mimosa plant and they close. What would you do if a little insect flies towards your face? Yes! You would blink your eyes and shoo the insect away. Plants respond to light and grow towards it. Call out to your friends. How do they respond? Do your dolls and toys respond too? Try This! 94 Chapter 6 0005_Sci_TB_G2_Chp06.indd 94 5/14/2020 11:13:15 PM