bio stpm 2012

HALAMAN KOSONG

964/1

47

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Describe the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. State the importance of

these structures which are related to the properties of proteins. [11 marks]

(b) Based on their functions, proteins can be classified into several types. Give two types of these

proteins and their functions in living organisms. [4 marks]

19 (a) Distinguish a bacteria chromosome from a eukaryotic chromosome. [8 marks]

(b) Describe the distinctive anatomical features of vascular bundles in maize leaves. [7 marks]

20 (a) Explain three different classes of enzymes based on the reactions that they catalyse.
[6 marks]

(b) By giving two examples of enzymatic reactions, explain how the appropriate cofactor and

inhibitor affect their activities. [9 marks]

964/1

48

Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

18 (a) Perihalkan struktur primer, sekunder, dan tertier bagi protein. Nyatakan kepentingan struktur

ini yang berkaitan dengan sifat protein. [11 markah]

(b) Berdasarkan fungsinya, protein boleh dikelaskan kepada beberapa jenis. Berikan dua jenis

protein ini dan fungsinya dalam organisma hidup. [4 markah]

19 (a) Bezakan kromosom bacteria daripada kromosom eukariot. [8 markah]
(b) Perihalkan ciri anatomi yang ketara bagi berkas vaskular pada daun jagung. [7 markah]

20 (a) Perihalkan tiga kelas enzim yang berbeza berdasarkan tindak balas yang dimangkinkan.
[6 markah]

(b) Dengan memberi dua contoh tindak balas enzim, jelaskan bagaimana kofaktor dan perencat

yang sesuai mempengaruhi aktiviti masing-masing. [9 markah]

964/1

49

50

Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

964/2 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Please tear off along the perforated line. Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s use
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.) (Untuk kegunaan
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices Section B
of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the (Bahagian B)
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks 16
will not be deducted for wrong answers.
17
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces
provided. Section C
(Bahagian C)
Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of Total
Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C. (Jumlah)

Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.

Arahan kepada calon:

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.
Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah
ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan
setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib
berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 964/2

51

BLANK PAGE

964/2

52

HALAMAN KOSONG

964/2

53

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 The graph below shows the oxygen dissociation curves for myoglobin, maternal haemoglobin and
foetal haemoglobin.

Percentage of
oxygen saturation

Partial pressure of oxygen/mm Hg

Which curves correspond to myoglobin, maternal haemoglobin and foetal haemoglobin?

Myoglobin Maternal haemoglobin Foetal haemoglobin

AP Q R

BP R Q

CQ R P

DR P Q

2 Which factor causes the stomata to close?
A Water stress
B Low temperature
C High light intensity
D Low carbon dioxide concentration

964/2

54

Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung penceraian oksigen untuk mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu dan
hemoglobin fetus.

Peratus ketepuan
oksigen

Tekanan separa oksigen/mm Hg

Lengkung yang manakah yang sepadan dengan mioglobin, hemoglobin ibu, dan hemoglobin
fetus?

Mioglobin Hemoglobin ibu Haemoglobin fetus

AP Q R

BP R Q

CQ R P

DR P Q

2 Faktor yang manakah yang menyebabkan penutupan stoma?
A Tekanan air
B Suhu rendah
C Keamatan cahaya yang tinggi
D Kepekatan karbon dioksida yang rendah

964/2

55

3 The graph below shows the pressure changes in the atrium, ventricle and aorta during a complete
cardiac cycle.

Pressure/kPa

What do X, Y and Z represent? Time/s

XY Z
Ventricular pressure
A Aortic pressure Atrial pressure Aortic pressure
Aortic pressure
B Ventricular pressure Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure

C Atrial pressure Ventricular pressure

D Atrial pressure Aortic pressure

4 Which statement about the control of heart beat is true?

A The secretion of adrenaline increases the rate of heart beat.

B The decrease in blood pH inhibits neurons in the chemoreceptors at the aorta and carotid
artery.

C The propagation of impulse through the sympathetic nerve towards the sinoatrial and
atrioventricular nodes decreases the rate of heart beat.

D The propagation of impulses through the parasympathetic nerve towards the sinoatrial and
atrioventricular nodes increases the rate of heart beat.

5 The role of the Casparian strip in the endodermal cell of the root is
A to carry out active transport
B to strengthen the root structure
C to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the symplastic route
D to ensure that water and minerals enter the vascular tissue via the apoplastic route

964/2

56

3 Graf di bawah menunjukkan perubahan tekanan di dalam atrium, ventrikel, dan aorta semasa satu
kitar kardium yang lengkap.

Tekanan/kPa Sistol Sistol Diastol
atrium ventrikel

Masa/s

Apakah yang diwakili oleh X, Y, dan Z?

XY Z
Tekanan ventrikel
A Tekanan aorta Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta
Tekanan aorta
B Tekanan ventrikel Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel

C Tekanan atrium Tekanan ventrikel

D Tekanan atrium Tekanan aorta

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang kawalan denyutan jantung?

A Rembesan adrenalina meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung.

B Penurunan pH darah menrencat neuron pada aorta dan arteri carotid dalam kemoreseptor

C Perambatan impuls melalui saraf simpatetik ke arah buku sinoatrium dan buku atreoventrikel
merendahkan kadar denyutan jantung.

D Perambatan impuls melalui saraf parasimpatetik kearah buku sinoatrium dan buku
atreoventrikel meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung.

5 Peranan jalur Caspary di dalam sel endodermis akar ialah
A menjalankan pengangkutan aktif
B mengukuhkan struktur akar
C memastikan bahawa air dan mineral memasuki tisu vaskular melalui laluan simplas
D memastikan bahawa air dan mineral memasuki tisu vaskular melalui laluan apoplas

964/2

57

6 The role of calcium ions during muscle contraction is
A to form tropomyosin-troponin complex
B to bind myosin to actin forming cross-bridges
C to bind with tropomyosin exposing the myosin head
D to bind with troponin allowing the formation of cross-bridges

7 Which statement refers to the mechanism of action of adrenaline?
A Transcription and translation occur.
B Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane.
C The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus.
D Hormone binds with a receptor on the plasma membrane.

8 The events regarding the action of oestrogen are given as follows.

I A specific gene is activated.

II Transcription and translation occur.

III Hormone receptor complex enter the nucleus.

IV Hormone diffuses through the plasma membrane.

Which sequence of events is correct?

AI IV II III

B I IV III II

C IV III I II

D IV III II I

9 Which structure cease to function after the formation of placenta in the development of
mammalian foetus?

A Allantois
B Yolk sac
C Chorionic membrane
D Amniotic membrane

964/2

58

6 Peranan ion kalsium dalam pengecutan otot adalah
A untuk membentuk kompleks tropomiosin-troponin
B untuk mengikat miosin kepada aktin membentuk titian silang
C untuk mengikat dengan tropomiosin mendedahkan kepala miosin
D untuk mengikat dengan troponin membenarkan pembentukan titian silang

7 Penyataan yang manakah yang merujuk kepada mekanisme tindakan adrenalina?
A Transkripsi dan penterjemahan berlaku.
B Hormon meresap melalui membran plasma.
C Kompleks hormon reseptor memasuki nukleus.
D Hormon mengikat dengan reseptor pada membran plasma.

8 Peristiwa berkenaan tindakan estrogen diberikan seperti yang berikut.

I Gen spesifik diaktifkan.

II Transkripsi dan translasi berlaku.

III Kompleks hormon reseptor memasuki nukleus.

IV Hormon meresap melalui membran plasma.

Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang benar?

AI IV II III

B I IV III II

C IV III I II

D IV III II I

9 Struktur yang manakah yang berhenti berfungsi selepas pembentukan plasenta dalam
perkembangan fetus mamalia?

A Alantois
B Pundi yolka
C Membran korion
D Membran amnion

964/2

59

10 The following are events that occur during seed germination.

I Activation of enzyme

II Initial uptake of water

III Flow of sugar into embryo

IV Activation of gibberellic acids

Which is the correct sequence of events during seed germination?

A II I III IV

B II I IV III

C II III I IV

D II IV I III

11 Which substance is produced by the mammalian liver during protein metabolism?
A Bile
B Urea
C Glycogen
D Cholesterol

12 The simplified diagram of the humoral response is shown below.

Antigen
Stimulate

W

X Plasma cell
Y

What do W, X and Y represent? Y
WX Antibody
Memory B cell
A B cell Memory B cell Antibody
B B cell Antibody Cytotoxic T cell
C T cell Memory T cell
D T cell Memory T cell

964/2

60

10 Peristiwa berikut berlaku semasa percambahan biji benih.

I Pengaktifan enzim

II Permulaan pengambilan air

III Pengaliran gula kedalam embrio

IV Pengaktifan asid giberelik

Yang manakah urutan peristiwa yang betul semasa percambahan biji benih?

A II I III IV

B II I IV III

C II III I IV

D II IV I III

11 Bahan yang manakah yang dihasilkan oleh hati mamalia semasa metabolisma protein?
A Hempedu
B Urea
C Glikogen
D Kolesterol

12 Gambar rajah yang diringkaskan tentang tindakan humor ditunjukkan di bawah.

Antigen
Rangsangan

W

X Sel plasma
Y

Apakah wang diwakili oleh W, X , dan Y ?

WX Y

A Sel B Sel B ingatan Antibodi

B Sel B Antibodi Sel B ingatan

C Sel T Sel T ingatan Antibodi

D Sel T Sel T ingatan Sel T sitotoksik

964/2

61

13 The diagram below shows the immune response in the human body.

Which statement about the above diagram is true?
A Cell X secretes lymphokine, then divides to form cells Y and Z in the presence of substance R.
B Cell Z responds quickly towards the repeated infection of a particular disease.
C Substance S induces proliferation of lymphocytes involved in the immune disease.
D Cell Y prepares other lymphocytes to produce antibodies.

14 The following are the stages of life cycle of Plasmodium that causes human malaria.

I Formation of gametocytes

II Multiplication in liver

III Injection of parasite

IV Completion of gametogony

V Migration of sporozoites to mosquito salivary gland

VI Invasion and multiplication in red blood cells

Which is the correct sequence of the Plasmodium life cycle?

AI II III IV V VI

B III II I V IV VI

C III II IV V I VI

D III II VI I IV V

964/2

62

13 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan gerak balas imun dalam badan manusia.

Sel prekursor dari
sum-sum tulang

Bergerak
ke nodus limfa

Bahan R

Sel X

Sel Z

Bahan S

Sel Y

Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang gambar rajah di atas?
A Sel X merembeskan limfokin, kemudian membahagi menghasilkan sel Y dan Z dalam

kehadiran bahan R.
B Sel Z merespon dengan cepat terhadap jangkitan semula penyakit tertentu.
C Bahan S merangsang proliferasi limfosit yang terlibat dalam penyakit keimunan.
D Sel Y menyediakan limfosit lain untuk menghasilkan antibodi.

14 Yang berikut ialah peringkat kitar hidup Plasmodium yang menyebabkan malaria kepada
manusia.

I Pembentukan gametosit

II Pengandaan di dalam hati

III Suntikan parasit

IV Pelengkapan gametogoni

V Penghijrahan sporozoites kepada kelenjar liur nyamuk

VI Serangan dan pengandaan dalam sel darah merah

Yang manakah urutan yang benar tentang kitar hidup Plasmodium?

AI II III IV V VI

B III II I V IV VI

C III II IV V I VI

D III II VI I IV V

964/2

63

15 A person suffering from abrupt onset of fever, headache, facial flushing, conjuctival suffusion and
severe backache is most likely to contract

A dengue
B cholera
C malaria
D tuberculosis

964/2

64

15 Seorang yang menderita serangan mendadak demam, sakit kepala, kemerahan pada wajah,
konjugtivitis dan sakit pinggang kemungkinan besar menghidap

A denggi
B kolera
C malaria
D tuberkulosis

964/2

65

BLANK PAGE

964/2

66

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.

964/2

67 HALAMAN KOSONG

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16 The diagram below shows the simplified chemical reaction that occurs during the transport of
carbon dioxide by the red blood cell in a mammal.

R + O2 CO2 + H2O
Cell/tissue
II

T

CO2 + H2O I O2
HCO3 H+ + Hb

S

Erythrocyte membrane H2CO3 HbO2

(a) Name the substances labelled R, S and T. [3 marks]

R: ...............................................................................................................................................................

S: ...............................................................................................................................................................

T: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain what happens at stages I and II. [4 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

68

Bahagian B [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

16 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas kimia yang diringkaskan yang berlaku semasa
pengangkutan karbon dioksida oleh sel darah merah dalam mamalia.

R + O2 CO2 + H2O
Sel/tisu
II

T

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. CO2 + H2O I O2
HCO3 H+ + Hb

S

Membran eritrosit H2CO3 HbO2

(a) Namakan bahan yang berlabel R, S, dan T. [3 markah]

R: ...............................................................................................................................................................

S: ...............................................................................................................................................................

T: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Jelaskan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat I dan II. [4 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

69

17 The diagram below shows simplified events in menstrual cycle of humans.
Q

P

Thickness of
endometrium

Menstrual Proliferative Ovulation Secretory
phase phase phase

(a) Name the structure labelled P and Q. [2 marks]

P: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) State two types of hormones which influence the above menstrual cycle, and state the role of

each hormone. [4 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) What happens to structure Q if [1 mark]
(i) fertilisation occurs?

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) fertilisation does not occur? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

70

17 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan ringkasan peristiwa dalam kitar haid manusia.

Q
P

Ketebalan
endometrium

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. Fasa Fasa Ovulasi Fasa
haid proliferatif rembesan

(a) Namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q. [2 markah]

P: ...............................................................................................................................................................

Q: ...............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Nyatakan dua jenis hormon yang mempengaruhi kitar haid di atas, dan nyatakan peranan

setiap hormon. [4 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Apakah yang berlaku kepada struktur Q jika [1 markah]
(i) persenyawaan berlaku?

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) persenyawaan tidak berlaku? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/2

71

BLANK PAGE

964/2

72

HALAMAN KOSONG

964/2

73

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Give the definition, causes and methods of prevention of each of the following cardiovascular
disorders.

(i) Arteriosclerosis

(ii) Hypertension

[10 marks]

(b) With the aid of Munch Model, describe the mechanism of mass translocation in phloem.
[5 marks]

19 (a) With the aid of a diagram, describe the process of double fertilisation in an angiosperm.
[5 marks]

(b) Describe the main structural features that favour cross-pollination in an angiosperm.
[4 marks]

(c) Describe the characteristics of the following types of asexual reproduction.

(i) Polyembryony

(ii) Parthenogenesis

(iii) Vegetative reproduction

[6 marks]

20 (a) Name the organs of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions. [8 marks]

(b) A malfunctioned kidney may be replaced by a healthy one which is transplanted from a
donor.

(i) Explain why the healthy kidney may later be rejected by the recipient’s body. [4 marks]

(ii) What are the steps taken to overcome the problem of rejection by the recipient’s body?
[3 marks]

964/2

74

Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Berikan takrif, punca, dan kaedah pencegahan setiap penyakit kardiovaskular yang berikut.

(i) Arteriosklerosis

(ii) Hipertensi

[10 markah]

(b) Dengan bantuan Model Munch, perihalkan mekanisme translokasi jisim dalam floem.
[5 markah]

19 (a) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah, perihalkan proses persenyawaan ganda dua dalam suatu

angiosperma. [5 markah]

(b) Perihalkan sifat struktur utama yang menggalakkan pendebungaan silang dalam suatu

angiosperma. [4 markah]

(c) Perihalkan ciri bagi jenis pembiakan aseks yang berikut.

(i) Poliembrioni

(ii) Partenogenesis

(iii) Pembiakan vegitatif [6 markah]

20 (a) Namakan organ dan struktur dalam system limfa, dan perihalkan fungsi masing-masing.
[8 markah]

(b) Ginjal yang tidak berfungsi boleh digantikan dengan ginjal yang sihat yang dipindahkan
daripada seorang penderma.

(i) Jelaskan mengapa ginjal yang sihat mungkin kemudiannya akan ditolak oleh badan

penerima. [4 markah]

(ii) Apakah langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah penolakan oleh badan

penerima itu? [3 markah]

964/2

75

76

Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

964/3 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Please tear off along the perforated line. Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s use
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.) DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE (Untuk kegunaan

TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)
There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Section B
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the (Bahagian B)
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. 16

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces 17
provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be Section C

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. (Bahagian C)

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.

Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. Total

Arahan kepada calon: (Jumlah)

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 964/3

77

BLANK PAGE

964/3

78

HALAMAN KOSONG

964/3

79

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which genera belongs to the phylum Coniferophyta?
A Zea
B Cycas
C Dryopteris
D Marchantia

2 Housefly is classified into the Order
A Diptera
B Hemiptera
C Orthoptera
D Hymenoptera

3 Which statement is true of an ecosystem?
A It encompasses living and non living components.
B It encompasses edaphic, climatic and topographic factors.
C It comprises of various species living together in a habitat.
D It comprises of organisms with the same morphological characteristics.

4 Which energy flows in an ecosystem involves the transfer of the greatest amount of energy?

A Plant Herbivore

B Herbivore Carnivore

C Carnivore Decomposer

D Herbivore Decomposer

964/3

80

Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1 Genus yang manakah kepunyaan filum Coniferophyta?
A Zea
B Cycas
C Dryopteris
D Marchantia

2 Lalat dikelaskan kedalam Order
A Diptera
B Hemiptera
C Orthoptera
D Hymenoptera

3 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang ekosistem?
A Meliputi komponen hidup dan bukan hidup
B Meliputi faktor edafik, faktor iklim, dan faktor topografik
C Meliputi pelbagai spesies yang hidup bersama dalam suatu habitat
D Meliputi organisma yang mempunyai ciri morfologi yang sama

4 Pengaliran tenaga dalam ekosistem yang manakah yang melibatkan pemindahan amaun tenaga
yang paling banyak?

A Tumbuhan Herbivor

B Herbivor Karnivor

C Karnivor Pengurai

D Herbivor Pengurai

964/3

81

5 The graph below shows the survivorship curves for three species of animals.

Number of
survivors
(log scale)

Percentage of maximum life span

Which characteristic of the animal is correctly matched to its survivorship curve?

Characteristic Curve

A Natality rate is high (c)

B Care for offspring is minimal (a)

C Mortality rate remains constant with age (a)

D Mortality is concentrated at the end of the maximum life span (b)

6 Which statement is not true of an artificial classification system?
A The system is based on phylogenetic relationship.
B The system can be used to construct dichotomous keys.
C Organisms are placed into groups for specific purposes.
D Organisms are placed into groups according to their different characteristics which are
arbitrarily chosen.

7 The processes below contribute to speciation except
A isolation
B succession
C natural selection
D formation of different gene pool

8 Alleles A and B are codominant. How many types of phenotype would be produced from the
cross AB AB?

A1
B2
C3
D4

964/3

82

5 Graf di bawah menunjukkan lengkung kemandirian bagi tiga spesies haiwan.

Bilangan
yang hidup
(skala log)

Peratusan jangka masa maksimum hidup

Ciri haiwan yang manakah yang sepadan dengan betul dengan lengkung kemandiriannya?

Ciri Lengkung

A Kadar kenatalan yang tinggi (c)

B Penjagaan anak minima (a)

C Kadar kemortalan kekal malar dengan umur (a)

D Kemortalan tertumpu pada akhir tempoh hidup maksimum (b)

6 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang sistem pengelasan buatan?
A Sistem yang berdasarkan hubungan filogenetik.
B Sistem itu boleh digunakan untuk membina kunci dikotomi.
C Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan untuk kegunaan spesifik.
D Organisma diletakkan ke dalam kumpulan mengikut perbezaan ciri yang dipilih secara
sembarangan.

7 Proses di bawah menyumbang kepada penspesiesan kecuali
A pemencilan
B penggantian
C pemilihan semulajadi
D pembentukan kolam gen yang berbeza

8 Alel A dan B adalah kodominan. Berapakah jenis fenotip yang akan terhasil daripada kacukan
AB AB?

A1
B2
C3
D4

964/3

83

9 The frequency of the allele B in a population at genetic equilibrium is 0.70. What is the frequency
of the Bb genotype?

A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70

10 The graphs below show the ultraviolet absorption in the experiment to prove the mode of DNA
replication.

Percentage
of ultraviolet
absorption

Generation 0

Nitrogen content

Generation 1

Nitrogen content

Generation 2

Nitrogen content

Generation 3

N14 N14 N15 Nitrogen content
N14 N15 N15

Which conclusion can be made from the above graphs?
A The dispersive mode of DNA replication can be eliminated in the generation 1.
B The conservative mode of DNA replication can be eliminated in the generation 2.
C The semi-conservative mode of DNA replication can be proven in the generation 1.
D The semi-conservative mode of DNA replication can be proven in the generation 2.

964/3

84

9 Frekuensi alel B dalam populasi dalam keseimbangan genetik ialah 0.70. Berapakah frekuensi
genotip Bb?

A 0.21
B 0.42
C 0.49
D 0.70

10 Graf di bawah menunjukkan penyerapan ultra lembayung dalam uji kaji untuk membuktikan cara
pereplikaan DNA.

Peratusan
serapan ultra
lembayung

Generasi 0

Kandungan nitrogen

Generasi 1

Kandungan nitrogen

Generasi 2

Kandungan nitrogen

Generasi 3

N14 N14 N15 Kandungan nitrogen
N14 N15 N15

Kesimpulan yang manakah yang boleh dibuat daripada graf di atas?
A Mode dispersif pereplikaan DNA boleh dihilangkan pada generasi 1.
B Mode konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dihilangkan pada generasi 2.
C Mode semi konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dibuktikan pada generasi 1.
D Mode semi konsevatif pereplikaan DNA boleh dibuktikan pada generasi 1.

964/3

85

11 Gene expression is defined as
A the transcription of genes from DNA
B the use of information in DNA to produce a protein
C the transfer of one gene from one organism to another
D the translation of one gene by ribosomes to produce protein

12 The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a disease.

The inheritance of the disease is controlled by
A X-linked recessive gene
B X-linked dominant gene
C autosomal recessive gene
D autosomal dominant gene

13 Which statement is not true of mutation?
A The deletion of two bases causes frame-shift mutation.
B Cri-du-chat syndrome is caused by a deletion in chromosome 5.
C Allopolyploidy involved chromosome doubling from different genomes.
D A chromosomal mutation involves the deletion of a base pair from a gene.

964/3

86

11 Pengekspresan gen boleh ditakrifkan sebagai
A transkripsi gen daripada DNA
B penggunaan maklumat dalam DNA untuk menghasilkan protein
C pemindahan satu gen dari satu organisma kepada satu organisma yang lain
D translasi satu gen oleh ribosom untuk menghasilkan protein

12 Salasiah di bawah menunjukkan penyakit pewarisan.

Petanda: Lelaki
normal
Lelaki
penghidap

Perempuan Perempuan
Penghidap normal

Penyakit pewarisan dikawal oleh
A gen resesif X-terangkai
B gen dominan X-terangkai
C gen resesif autosom
D gen dominan autosom

13 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang mutasi?
A Pelenyapan dua bes menyebabkan mutasi anjakan rangka.
B Sindrom Cri-du-chat disebabkan oleh pelenyapan kromosom 5.
C Alopoliploidi melibatkan pengandaan kromosom daripada genom yang berbeza.
D Mutasi kromosom melibatkan pelenyapan pasangan bes daripada satu gen.

964/3

87

14 The diagram below shows steps in DNA cloning using bacterial plasmid.

Source DNA

Plasmid

Cloned DNA

What processes are represented by P, Q and R?

PQ R
Transformation
A Amplification Screening Screening
Amplification
B Amplification Transformation Screening

C Transformation Screening

D Transformation Amplification

15 Transgenic bacteria is used in the following industrial processes except
A decomposition of oil spill
B degradation of organic waste
C production of -1-antitrypsin
D introduction of herbicide-resistant gene into plant

964/3

88

14 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan langkah pengklonan DNA mengunakan plasmid bakteria.

DNA sumber

Plasmid

DNA terklon

Apakah yang diwakili oleh P, Q, dan R?

PQ R
Transformasi
A Amplifikasi Penyaringan Penyaringan
Amplifikasi
B Amplifikasi Transformasi Penyaringan

C Transformasi Penyaringan

D Transformasi Amplifikasi

15 Bakteria transgenik digunakan dalam proses industri berikut kecuali
A penguraian tumpahan minyak
B degradasi bahan buangan organik
C penghasilan -1-antitrypsin
D pengenalan gen rintangan herbisid ke dalam tumbuhan

964/3

89

BLANK PAGE

964/3

90

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.

964/3

91 HALAMAN KOSONG

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16 The graphs below show the normal distribution of early population of an organism living in three
different environments, I, II and III. The arrows represent the selection pressure on the phenotypes.

Number of I Number of II
individuals individuals

Phenotype Phenotype

Number of III
individuals

Phenotype [3 marks]

(a) Sketch the curve to show the effect of natural selection in each case.

(b) State the types of selection represented by the curves you have sketched in (a). [3 marks]
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Give one example of the phenomenon resulting from each of the selections II and III.
[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3

92

Bahagian B [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

16 Graf di bawah menunjukkan taburan normal awal populasi organism yang hidup di tiga
persekitaran yang berbeza I, II, dan III. Anak panah mewakili tekanan pemilihan keatas fenotip.

Bilangan I Bilangan II
individu individu

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. Fenotip Fenotip

Bilangan III
individu

Fenotip

(a) Lakar lengkung yang menunjukkan kesan pemilihan semula jadi dalam setiap kes.
[3 markah]

(b) Nyatakan jenis pemilihan yang mewakili lengkung yang anda lakar dalam (a).
[3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Berikan satu contoh fenomena yang dihasilkan daripada pemilihan II dan III. [2 markah]
....................................................................................................................................................................
964/3

93

17 (a) The diagram below shows the stages of meiosis during the formation of gametes which

involve a pair of chromosome P and a pair of chromosome Q. Draw the complete diagram to show

the arrangement of the chromosomes if non-disjunction occurs involving the pair of chromosome P

during meiosis I. [6 marks]

Meiosis I
Meiosis II

Gamete Gamete Gamete Gamete

(b) State the type of the above chromosomal mutation. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/3

94

17 (a) Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat meiosis semasa pembentukan gamet yang

melibatkan sepasang kromosom P dan sepasang kromosom Q. Lukis gambar rajah lengkap untuk

menunjukkan susunan kromosom jika tak disjungsi berlaku yang melibatkan pasangan kromosom P

semasa meiosis I. [6 markah]

Meiosis I
Meiosis II

Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini. Gamet Gamet Gamet Gamet

(b) Nyatakan jenis mutasi kromosom di atas. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

964/3

95

BLANK PAGE

964/3

96