bio stpm 2012

HALAMAN KOSONG

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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Describe the characteristic features of the phylum Bryophyta and Filicinophyta. [8 marks]

(b) Water pollution is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity in Malaysia. Discuss this statement.
[7 marks]

19 (a) Explain the energy flow in the carbon cycle. [7 marks]
(b) Compare the adaptive characteristics of K-strategies and r-strategies. [8 marks]

20 In a small population, 40 individuals are tasters of phenylthiocarbamide and 60 are non-tasters.
The dominant allele T controls the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide.

(a) (i) Determine the frequencies of allele t and allele T. [6 marks]

(ii) Determine the number of individuals who are heterozygous in the population. [4 marks]

(b) If 20 non-tasters immigrate into the population, determine the new frequencies of allele t and

allele T. [5 marks]

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Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Perihalkan cici-ciri filum Bryophyta dan Filicinophyta. [8 markah]

(b) Pencemaran air adalah ancaman utama kepada kepelbagian biologi di Malaysia. Bincangkan

pernyataan ini. [7 markah]

19 (a) Jelaskan pengaliran tenaga di dalam kitar karbon. [7 markah]
(b) Bandingkan ciri penyesuaian strategi K dan strategi r. [8 markah]

20 Dalam satu populasi kecil, 40 individu ialah perasa feniltiokarbamida dan 60 individu bukan
perasa feniltiokarbamida. Alel dominan T mengawal keupayaan untuk merasa feniltiokarbamida.

(a) (i) Tentukan kekerapan alel t dan alel T. [6 markah]

(ii) Tentukan bilangan individu yang heterozigot dalam populasi itu. [4 markah]

(b) Jika 20 individu bukan perasa berhijrah masuk ke dalam populasi itu, tentukan kekerapan

baharu alel t dan alel T. [5 markah]

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100

SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT

964/4 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)
PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

STPM 964/4 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
101

STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

Experiment 1

Title: Determination of the osmotic potential of plant cells

Objectives: To determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.

Learning Outcome: At the end of the experiment, the candidates should be able to
(i) prepare solutions of various molarities from a stock solution.
(ii) tabulate the results and plot graphs.

(iii) analyse and interpret experimental results.

Introduction:

Osmotic potential of a cell refers to the amount of solute dissolved in the cell sap, containing mostly
water and be the main cause to its osmotic concentration. The difference in osmotic concentration
inside the cell and its surrounding is called a concentration gradient. Movement of water molecules
via semi permeable membrane occurs from a region of higher water concentration (low osmotic
potential) to a region of lower water concentration (high osmotic potential).

Materials and apparatus:
(i) 1.0 M sucrose solution
(ii) Distilled water

(iii) Potato
(iv) Large test tubes
(v) Beakers
(vi) Ruler
(vii) Filter paper
(viii) Petri dish with cover
(ix) Marker pen
(x) Cork-borer
(xi) Single-edge blade
(xii) White tile
(xiii) Graph paper
(xiv) Dissecting needle/Mounted needle
(xv) 25 ml measuring cylinder
(xvi) Fine forceps
(xvii) 10 ml pipette
(xviii) Analytical balance

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STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

Procedure:

1. Prepare 20 ml of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions from 1.0 M stock
solution in labelled test tubes. Use the following formula to assist you in preparing your
dilution.

M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 = initial molarity
V1 = initial volume
M2 = final molarity
V2 = final volume

2. Record the volume of the stock solution and distilled water used in each dilution in Table 1.

3. Prepare 15 cylindrical strips of potato tissues using a cork-borer. Cut the strips to a uniform
length.

4. Take 3 potato strips, record their average initial length and weight and place them into the test
tube containing 0.1 M sucrose solution. Note down the texture of the potato strips.

5. Repeat step 4 using 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M sucrose solutions and wait for 30 minutes.

6. Plot a standard curve of the osmotic potential against the molarities of the sucrose solutions
using the data given below.

Molarity (M) 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55

Osmotic potential 1.3 2.6 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.1 9.6 11.1 12.6 14.3 16.0
(in atmosphere)

7. After 30 minutes, remove the strips with the dissecting needle/mounted needle provided. Dry
the strips gently with filter paper and record their average final length and weight.

8. Note down any changes to the texture of the potato strips.

9. Create your own table to record the results. (Table 2)

10. Plot another graph of the average change in the length of the potato strips against the molarities
of the sucrose solution used.

11. Use both the graphs to determine the osmotic potential of the potato cell sap.

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STPM BIOLOGY STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

Result:

Table 1

Molarity 0.1 M 0.2 M 0.3 M 0.4 M 0.5 M
Volume of 1.0 M sucrose solution used (ml)
Volume of distilled water used (ml)

Table 2

Discussion:

1 (a) From the first graph, determine the solute concentration of the cell sap of the potato tissues (in

molarity) of sucrose solution. Explain your answer. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) From the standard curve, determine the equivalent osmotic potential (in atmosphere) of the

cell sap. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

2 What is the relationship between the changes in weight of the potato strips and their texture?
[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

3 Plant fertilizer contains many solutes. Why an overdose of fertilizer may kill a plant? [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Conclusion [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

964/5 STPM

BIOLOGY (BIOLOGI)

PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s use
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE (Untuk kegunaan

TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided. 1
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
2
Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA 3

DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN. Total
Jawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang (Jumlah)

disediakan.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 964/5

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1 A group of students carried out an experiment on respiration using yeast.

A fermentation tube was filled with 5% glucose solution and 5 drops of 10% yeast suspension. It
was then put inside a test tube as shown below.

Test tube
Fermentation tube

Height of fluid

The apparatus set-up was placed in an incubator at 37 C for 60 hours. The heights of the fluid
and the gas in the fermentation tube were recorded every 10 hours.

(a) Is oxygen involved in the process? [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Name the end products of the fermentation. [3 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Complete the table below. [3 marks]

Time (hour) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Height of fluid (mm) 100 82 73 68 66 66 66

Height of gas (mm)

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1 Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu uji kaji tentang respirasi dengan menggunakan yis.

Satu tabung penapaian diisi dengan larutan glukosa 5% dan 5 titis ampaian yis 10%. Tabung
penapaian itu kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam satu tabung uji seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.

Tabung uji
Tabung penapaian

Tinggi cecair

Susunan alat radas diletakkan ke dalam pengeram pada 37 C selama 60 jam. Tinggi bendalir dan
gas di dalam tabung penapaian direkodkan setiap 10 jam.

(a) Adakah oksigen terlibat dalam proses itu? [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Namakan hasil akhir penapaian itu. [3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. [3 markah]

Masa (jam) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tinggi bendalir (mm) 100 82 73 68 66 66 66

Tinggi gas (mm)

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(d) Plot a graph of the height of the gas against time. [3 marks]

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(d) Plot graf tinggi gas lawan masa. [3 markah]

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(e) Based on the graph that you have plotted, describe briefly the fermentation process.
[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) State two industrial applications of the yeast fermentation. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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(e) Berdasarkan graf yang anda plot itu, perihalkan secara ringkas proses penapaian itu.
[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Nyatakan dua penggunaan industri penapaian yis. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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2 (a) A cross-section of an organ that has been diverted out of a rat is shown in the diagram below.

B C
A D

E
F

JG
IH

(i) Name the organ, and the structures labelled A and I. [5 marks]

Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………

A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….

B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….

C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….

D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..

E: ……………………………………………….

(ii) State two function of the organ. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the similarity and the difference in function between the structures B and C.
[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) State the common function of structures F, G and J. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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2 (a) Keratan rentas satu organ yang telah dialih keluar daripada seekor tikus ditunjukkan dalam
gambar rajah di bawah.

B C
A D

E
F

JG
I

H

(i) Namakan organ itu, dan struktur berlabel A hingga I. [5 markah]

Organ: ...…………………………………………………………………………………………………

A: ……………………………………………….. F: ………………………………………………….

B: ……………………………………………….. G: ………………………………………………….

C: ………………………………………………. H: ………………………………………………….

D: ………………………………………………. I: ….………………………………………………..

E: ……………………………………………….

(ii) Nyatakan dua fungsi organ itu. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Nyatakan persamaan dan perbezaan fungsi antara struktur B dengan struktur C.
[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Nyatakan fungsi sepunya struktur F, G, dan J. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

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(b) The structures shown in the diagram below are related to the organ in (a).

KL

(i) Name the structures K and L. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give two characteristics of each of the structures. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Why are the wall structures of K and L are different? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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(b) Struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah berkaitan dengan organ pada (a).

KL

(i) Namakan struktur K dan L. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Berikan dua ciri bagi setiap struktur itu. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Mengapakah struktur dinding bagi K dan L berbeza? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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3 A researcher carried out a cross on pea plants to determine the inheritance of seed forms. He
crossed pure line wrinkled seed with pure line smooth seed to produce F1 generation and subsequently
F2 generation. A total of 250 plants were produced in F2 generation, 59 with wrinkled seeds and 191
with smooth seeds. The diagram below illustrates the crosses.

X
Progeny Q

(a) What is the phenotype of progeny Q? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) What is the expected ratio of wrinkled-seed plants to smooth-seed plants of F2 generation?
[1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Using the expected ratio in (b), determine the expected number of phenotypes of F2
generation.

Phenotype Observed number Expected number

Wrinkled 59

Smooth 191

[2 marks]

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3 Seorang penyelidik telah membuat kacukan terhadap pokok kacang pea untuk menentukan
perwarisan bentuk biji. Beliau mengkacukkan baka tulen biji yang berkedut dengan baka tulen biji
licin untuk menghasilkan generasi F1 dan seterusnya generasi F2. Sebanyak 250 tumbuhan telah
dihasilkan dalam generasi F2, 59 dengan biji berkedut, dan 191 dengan biji licin. Gambar rajah
di bawah menunjukkan kacukan tersebut.

Biji berkedut

Biji licin

Induk betina Induk jantan
X

Progeni Q

(a) Apakah fenotip bagi progeni Q? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Apakah nisbah jangkaan pokok dengan biji berkedut kepada pokok dengan biji licin bagi

generasi F2? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(c) Dengan menggunakan nisbah jangkaan pada (b), tentukan bilangan jangkaan fenotip generasi
F2.

Fenotip Bilangan cerapan Bilangan jangkaan
Berkedut 59
Licin 191

[2 marks]

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(d) Using the chi-square formula, determine the chi-square value for F2 generation. [3 marks]

(e) Chi-square ( 2) values at 5% level is given below. [4 marks]

Degree of freedom 5% level

1 3.841
2 5.991
3 7.815
4 9.488
5 11.070
6 12.592
7 14.067
8 15.507
9 16.919
10 18.307

Using the data from above table, explain whether the result obtained is in accordance with
Mendel’s first law.

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Determine the dominant seed forms of pea plants. [1 mark]

Wrinkled: ...................................................................................................................................................

Smooth: ......................................................................................................................................................

(g) With the symbol R as dominant allele and symbol r as recessive allele, determine the

genotypes of both parents and progeny Q. [3 marks]

Female parent:...................................................................................................................................

Male parent: .....................................................................................................................................

Progeny Q: ........................................................................................................................................

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(d) Dengan menggunakan rumus khi kuasa dua, tentukan nilai khi kuasa dua bagi generasi F2.
[3 markah]

(e) Jadual nilai khi kuasa dua ( 2) pada aras 5% diberikan di bawah. [4 markah]

Darjah kebebasan Aras 5%

1 3.841
2 5.991
3 7.815
4 9.488
5 11.070
6 12.592
7 14.067
8 15.507
9 16.919
10 18.307

Dengan menggunakan data daripada jadual di atas, jelaskan sama ada keputusan yang diperoleh
mematuhi hukum Mendel pertama.

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(f) Tentukan kedominanan bentuk biji kacang pea. [1 markah]

Berkedut:....................................................................................................................................................

Licin: .........................................................................................................................................................

(g) Dengan simbol R sebagai alel dominan dan simbol r sebagai alel resesif, tentukan genotip

kedua-dua induk dan progeni Q. [3 markah]

Induk betina:..............................................................................................................................................

Induk jantan:..............................................................................................................................................

Progeni Q:..................................................................................................................................................

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