fizik stpm 2012

STPM/S(E)960

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

PEPERIKSAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)

PHYSICS

Syllabus and Specimen Papers

This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.

NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY

“Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further
developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and
integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are
intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically
balanced and harmonious, based on a belief in and devotion
to God. Such effort is designed to produce Malaysian
citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess
high moral standards, and who are responsible and capable
of achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as
being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the
society and the nation at large.”

FOREWORD

This revised Physics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since
the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination
will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by
the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the new
system, the form sixth study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an
examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system.
The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and
learning orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in
colleges and universities.

The revision of the Physics syllabus incorporates current developments in physics studies and syllabus
design in Malaysia. The syllabus will give candidates exposure to pre-university level of Physics that
includes mechanics and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, optics,
and modern physics.

The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, grade
description and specimen papers.

The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohd.
Zambri bin Zainuddin from Universiti Malaya. Other committee members consist of university
lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education
Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Physics. On behalf of MEC, I would like to
thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus
will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.

Chief Executive
Malaysian Examinations Council

CONTENTS Page
Syllabus 960 Physics 1
1
Aims
Objectives 2–9
Content 10 – 15
16 – 22
First Term: Mechanics and Thermodynamics 23 – 24
Second Term: Electricity and Magnetism
Third Term: Oscillations and Waves, Optics, and Modern Physics 24
Practical Syllabus (School-based Assessment of Practical) 25 – 26
Written Practical Test
Scheme of Assessment 27
Performance Descriptions 28 – 30
Summary of Key Quantities and Units
Values of constants 31
Reference Books 32
Specimen Paper 1 33 – 54
Specimen Paper 2 55 – 78
Specimen Paper 3 79 – 100
Specimen Experiment Paper 4 101 – 103
Specimen Paper 5 105 – 131

SYLLABUS
960 PHYSICS
Aims
This syllabus aims to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of physics to enable them to
either further their studies at institutions of higher learning or assist them to embark on a related
career and also to promote awareness among them of the role of physics in the universe.
Objectives
The objectives of this syllabus are to enable candidates to:
(a) use models, concepts, principles, theories, and laws of physics;
(b) interpret and use scientific information presented in various forms;
(c) solve problems in various situations;
(d) analyse, synthesise, and evaluate information and ideas logically and critically;
(e) use techniques of operation and safety aspects of scientific equipment;
(f) plan and carry out experiments scientifically and make conclusions;
(g) develop proper attitudes, ethics, and values in the study and practice of physics.

1

FIRST TERM: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

1 Physical Quantities and 6 Candidates should be able to:
Units
1.1 Base quantities and 1 (a) list base quantities and their SI units:
SI units mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A),
temperature (K) and quantity of matter (mol);
1.2 Dimensions of
physical quantities (b) deduce units for derived quantities;

1.3 Scalars and vectors 1 (c) use dimensional analysis to determine the
dimensions of derived quantities;
1.4 Uncertainties in
measurements (d) check the homogeneity of equations using
dimensional analysis;
2 Kinematics
2.1 Linear motion (e) construct empirical equations using
dimensional analysis;
2.2 Projectiles
2 (f) determine the sum, the scalar product and
vector product of coplanar vectors;

(g) resolve a vector to two perpendicular
components;

2 (h) calculate the uncertainty in a derived quantity
(a rigorous statistical treatment is not
required);

(i) write a derived quantity to an appropriate
number of significant figures.

6 Candidates should be able to:

2 (a) derive and use equations of motion with
constant acceleration;

(b) sketch and use the graphs of displacement-
time, velocity-time and acceleration-time for
the motion of a body with constant
acceleration;

4 (c) solve problems on projectile motion without
air resistance;

(d) explain the effects of air resistance on the
motion of bodies in air.

2

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

3 Dynamics 12 Candidates should be able to:
3.1 Newton’s laws of
motion 4 (a) state Newton’s laws of motion;

3.2 Linear momentum and (b) use the formula F dv v dm for constant
its conservation m
dt dt
3.3 Elastic and inelastic
collisions m or constant v only;

3.4 Centre of mass 3 (c) state the principle of conservation of
momentum, and verify the principle using
3.5 Frictional forces Newton’s laws of motion;

4 Work, Energy and Power (d) apply the principle of conservation of
4.1 Work momentum;

4.2 Potential energy and (e) define impulse as F dt ;
kinetic energy
(f) solve problems involving impulse;

2 (g) distinguish between elastic collisions and
inelastic collisions (knowledge of coefficient
of restitution is not required);

(h) solve problems involving collisions between
particles in one dimension;

1 (i) define centre of mass for a system of particles
in a plane;

(j) predict the path of the centre of mass of a two-
particle system;

2 (k) explain the variation of frictional force with
sliding force;

(l) define and use coefficient of static function
and coefficient of kinetic friction.

5 Candidates should be able to:

2 (a) define the work done by a force dW F ds ;

(b) calculate the work done using a force-
displacement graph;

(c) calculate the work done in certain situations,
including the work done in a spring;

2 (d) derive and use the formula: potential energy
change = mgh near the surface of the Earth;

(e) derive and use the formula: kinetic energy

1 mv 2 ;

2

3

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

(f) state and use the work-energy theorem;

(g) apply the principle of conservation of energy
in situations involving kinetic energy and
potential energy;

4.3 Power 1 (h) derive and use the formula P Fv ;
5 Circular Motion
(i) use the concept of efficiency to solve
5.1 Angular displacement problems.
and angular velocity
8 Candidates should be able to:
5.2 Centripetal
acceleration 1 (a) express angular displacement in radians;
(b) define angular velocity and period;
5.3 Centripetal force (c) derive and use the formula v r ;

6 Gravitation 2 (d) explain that uniform circular motion has an
6.1 Newton’s law of acceleration due to the change in direction of
universal gravitation velocity;
6.2 Gravitational field
(e) derive and use the formulae for centripetal
acceleration a = v2 and a = r 2 ;
r

5 (f) explain that uniform circular motion is due to
the action of a resultant force that is always
directed to the centre of the circle;

(g) use the formulae for centripetal force

F mv2 mr 2 ;
and F
r

(h) solve problems involving uniform horizontal
circular motion for a point mass;

(i) solve problems involving vertical circular
motions for a point mass (knowledge of
tangential acceleration is not required).

10 Candidates should be able to:

1 (a) state Newton’s law of universal gravitation and
use the formula F GMm ;
r2

2 (b) explain the meaning of gravitational field;

(c) define gravitational field strength as force of
gravity per unit mass;

4

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

(d) use the equation g GM for a gravitational
r2

field;

6.3 Gravitational potential 3 (e) define the potential at a point in a gravitational
field;
6.4 Satellite motion in a
circular orbit (f) derive and use the formula V GM ;
r
6.5 Escape velocity
7 Statics (g) use the formula for potential energy
U GMm ;
7.1 Centre of gravity r
7.2 Equilibrium of
(h) show that U mg r mgh is a special case
particles
7.3 Equilibrium of rigid of U GMm for situations near to the
r
bodies
surface of the Earth;

(i) use the relationship g dV ;
dr

(j) explain, with graphical illustrations, the
variations of gravitational field strength and
gravitational potential with distance from the
surface of the Earth;

3 (k) solve problems involving satellites moving in
a circular orbit in a gravitational field;

(l) explain the concept of weightlessness;

1 (m) derive and use the equation for escape

velocity ve 2GM and ve 2 gR .
R

6 Candidates should be able to:

1 (a) define centre of gravity;

(b) state the condition in which the centre of mass
is the centre of gravity;

1 (c) state the condition for the equilibrium of a
particle;

(d) solve problems involving forces in equilibrium
at a point;

4 (e) define torque as r F;

(f) state the conditions for the equilibrium of a
rigid body;

5

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

8 Deformation of Solids (g) sketch and label the forces which act on a
8.1 Stress and strain particle and a rigid body;
8.2 Force-extension graph
and stress-strain graph (h) use the triangle of forces to represent forces in
equilibrium;
8.3 Strain energy
9 Kinetic Theory of Gases (i) solve problems involving forces in
equilibrium.
9.1 Ideal gas equation
5 Candidates should be able to:

1 (a) define stress and strain for a stretched wire or
elastic string;

2 (b) sketch force-extension graph and stress-strain
graph for a ductile material;

(c) identify and explain proportional limit, elastic
limit, yield point and tensile strength;

(d) define the Young’s modulus;
(e) solve problems involving Young’s modulus;
(f) distinguish between elastic deformation and

plastic deformation;
(g) distinguish the shapes of force-extension

graphs for ductile, brittle and polymeric
materials;

2 (h) derive and use the formula for strain energy;
(i) calculate strain energy from force-extension
graphs or stress-strain graphs.

14 Candidates should be able to:

2 (a) use the ideal gas equation pV nRT ;

9.2 Pressure of a gas 2 (b) state the assumptions of the kinetic theory of
an ideal gas;
9.3 Molecular kinetic
energy (c) derive and use the equation for the pressure
exerted by an ideal gas p 1 c2 ;

3

2 (d) state and use the relationship between the

Boltzmann constant and molar gas constant

k R
;
NA

6

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

(e) derive and use the expression for the mean
translational kinetic energy of a molecule,

1 mc2 3 kT ;

22

9.4 The r.m.s. speed of 2 (f) calculate the r.m.s. speed of gas molecules;
molecules
(g) sketch the molecular speed distribution graph
and explain the shape of the graph (description
of the experiment is not required);

(h) predict the variation of molecular speed
distribution with temperature;

9.5 Degrees of freedom 3 (i) define the degrees of freedom of a gas

and law of molecule;

equipartition of energy (j) identify the number of degrees of freedom of a

monatomic, diatomic or polyatomic molecule

at room temperature;

(k) explain the variation in the number of degrees
of freedom of a diatomic molecule ranging
from very low to very high temperatures;

(l) state and apply the law of equipartition of
energy;

9.6 Internal energy of an 3 (m) distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas;
ideal gas
(n) explain the concept of internal energy of an
ideal gas;

(o) derive and use the relationship between the
internal energy and the number of degrees of
freedom.

10 Thermodynamics of Gases 14 Candidates should be able to:

10.1 Heat capacities 2 (a) define heat capacity, specific heat capacity and
molar heat capacity;

(b) use the equations: nCV,mΔ and
Q CΔ , Q mcΔ , Q

Q nCp,mΔ ;

10.2 Work done by a gas 1 (c) derive and use the equation for work done by
a gas W p dV ;

7

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
10.3 First law of Period

thermodynamics 5 (d) state and apply the first law of
thermodynamics Q U W ;
10.4 Isothermal and
adiabatic changes (e) deduce the relationship U nCV,m T from
the first law of thermodynamics;
11 Heat Transfer
11.1 Conduction (f) derive and use the equation Cp,m CV,m R;

11.2 Convection (g) relate CV,m and Cp,m to the degrees of
freedom;

(h) use the relationship Cp,m to identify the
types of molecules; CV,m

6 (i) describe the isothermal process of a gas;

(j) use the equation pV constant for isothermal
changes;

(k) describe the adiabatic process of a gas;

(l) use the equations pV γ constant and
TV γ 1 constant for adiabatic changes;

(m) illustrate thermodynamic processes with p-V
graphs;

(n) derive and use the expression for work done in
the thermodynamic processes.

10 Candidates should be able to:

5 (a) explain the mechanism of heat conduction
through solids, and hence, distinguish between
conduction through metals and non-metals;

(b) define thermal conductivity;

(c) use the equation dQ kA d for heat
dt dx

conduction in one dimension;

(d) describe and calculate heat conduction through
a cross-sectional area of layers of different
materials;

(e) compare heat conduction through insulated
and non-insulated rods;

1 (f) describe heat transfer by convection;

(g) distinguish between natural and forced
convection;

8

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
11.3 Radiation Period

11.4 Global warming 3 (h) describe heat transfer by radiation;
(i) use Stefan-Boltzmann equation dQ e AT 4 ;
dt
(j) define a black body;

1 (k) explain the greenhouse effect and thermal
pollution;

(l) suggest ways to reduce global warming.

9

SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

12 Electrostatics 12 Candidates should be able to:
12.1 Coulomb’s law
12.2 Electric field 2 (a) state Coulomb’s law, and use the formula
Qq
12.3 Gauss’s law
12.4 Electric potential F 4 0r2 ;

13 Capacitors 3 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and
13.1 Capacitance sketch the field pattern for an isolated point
13.2 Parallel plate charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly
capacitors charged surface;

(c) define the electric field strength, and use the
F

formula E ;
q

(d) describe the motion of a point charge in a
uniform electric field;

4 (e) state Gauss’s law, and apply it to derive the
electric field strength for an isolated point
charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere
and a uniformly charged plate;

3 (f) define electric potential;

(g) use the formula V Q ;

4 0r

(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces;

(i) use the relationship E dV
;

dr

(j) use the formula U = qV.

12 Candidates should be able to:

1 (a) define capacitance;

2 (b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel
plate capacitor;

Q 0A for
(c) use the formula C to derive C d

V

the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;

10

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
13.3 Dielectrics Period

13.4 Capacitors in series 2 (d) define relative permittivity r (dielectric
and in parallel constant);

13.5 Energy stored in a (e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel
charged capacitor plate capacitor;

13.6 Charging and (f) use the formula C r 0 A ;
discharging of a
capacitor d

14 Electric Current 2 (g) derive and use the formulae for effective
14.1 Conduction of capacitance of capacitors in series and in
electricity parallel;

1 (h) use the formulae

U 1 1 Q2 1 CV 2
andU
QV , U 2C

2 2

(derivations are not required);

4 (i) describe the charging and discharging process
of a capacitor through a resistor;

(j) define the time constant, and use the formula
RC ;

(k) derive and use the formulae and

tt

Q Q0 1 e , V V0 1 e

t

I I0e for charging a capacitor through a
resistor;

t

(l) derive and use the formulae Q Q0e ,

tt

V V0e and I I0e for discharging a
capacitor through a resistor;

(m) solve problems involving charging and
discharging of a capacitor through a resistor.

10 Candidates should be able to:

2 (a) define electric current, and use the equation

I dQ ;
dt

(b) explain the mechanism of conduction of
electricity in metals;

11

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
14.2 Drift velocity Period
14.3 Current density
2 (c) explain the concept of drift velocity;
14.4 Electric conductivity (d) derive and use the equation I Anev;
and resistivity
2 (e) define electric current density and
15 Direct Current Circuits conductivity;
15.1 Internal resistance
15.2 Kirchhoff’s laws (f) use the relationship J E;
15.3 Potential divider
15.4 Potentiometer and (g) derive and use the equation ne2t
Wheatstone bridge ;
4 m

(h) define resistivity, and use the formula RA ;
l

(i) show the equivalence between Ohm’s law and
the relationship J E;

(j) explain the dependence of resistivity on

temperature for metals and semiconductors by

using the equation ne2t ;
m

(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on
the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors
and superconductors.

14 Candidates should be able to:

1 (a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the
terminal potential difference of a battery in a
circuit;

4 (b) state and apply Kirchhoff’s laws;

2 (c) explain a potential divider as a source of
variable voltage;

(d) explain the uses of shunts and multipliers;

7 (e) explain the working principles of a
potentiometer, and its uses;

(f) explain the working principles of a Wheatstone
bridge, and its uses;

(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and
Wheatstone bridge.

12

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

16 Magnetic Fields 18 Candidates should be able to:

16.1 Concept of a magnetic 1 (a) explain magnetic field as a field of force
field produced by current-carrying conductors or by
permanent magnets;
16.2 Force on a moving
charge 3 (b) use the formula for the force on a moving
charge F qv B;

(c) use the equation F qvB sin to define
magnetic flux density B;

(d) describe the motion of a charged particle
parallel and perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field;

16.3 Force on a current- 3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on a
carrying conductor straight current-carrying conductor placed in a
uniform magnetic field;
16.4 Magnetic fields due to
currents (f) derive and use the equation F IlBsin

4 (g) state Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the

magnetic field of a straight wire B 0I ;
2πr

(h) use the formulae B 0 NI for a circular coil
2r

and B 0nI for a solenoid;

16.5 Force between two 3 (i) derive and use the formula F μ0 I1I 2l for the
current-carrying 2πd
conductors
force between two parallel current-carrying

conductors;

16.6 Determination of the 2 (j) describe the motion of a charged particle in the
presence of both magnetic and electric fields
ratio e (for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);
m

(k) explain the principles of the determination of

the ratio e for electrons in Thomson’s
m

experiment (quantitative treatment is required);

16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression
for Hall voltage VH ;

(m) state the applications of Hall effect.

13

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

17 Electromagnetic Induction 18 Candidates should be able to:
17.1 Magnetic flux
17.2 Faraday’s law and 1 (a) define magnetic flux as Φ B A;
Lenz’s law
8 (b) state and use Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law;
17.3 Self induction (c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f.
in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform
17.4 Energy stored in an magnetic fields;
inductor
5 (d) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, and
define self-inductance;

(e) use the formulae E L dI and LI NΦ;
dt

(f) derive and use the equation for the self-
inductance of a solenoid L 0 N 2 A ;
l

2 (g) use the formula for the energy stored in an
inductor U 1 LI 2 ;
2

17.5 Mutual induction 2 (h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction,
and define mutual inductance;
18 Alternating Current
Circuits (i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance
18.1 Alternating current
through a resistor between two coaxial solenoids of the same

cross-sectional area M 0NpNs A .
lp

12 Candidates should be able to:

3 (a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an
alternating current, and calculate its value for
the sinusoidal case only;

(b) derive an expression for the current from
V V0 sin t ;

(c) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure resistor;

(d) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure resistor;

14

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

18.2 Alternating current 3 (e) derive an expression for the current from
through an inductor V V0 sin t ;

(f) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure inductor;

(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor;

(h) use the formula XL L;

(i) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure inductor;

18.3 Alternating current 3 (j) derive an expression for the current from
through a capacitor V V0 sin t ;

(k) explain the phase difference between the
current and voltage for a pure capacitor;

(l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;

(m) use the formula XC 1
;
C

(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an
alternating current circuit which consists only
of a pure capacitor;

18.4 R-C and R-L circuits in 3 (o) define impedance;

series (p) use the formula Z R2 ( X L X C )2 ;

(q) sketch the phasor diagrams of R-C and R-L
circuits.

15

THIRD TERM: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES, OPTICS, AND MODERN PHYSICS

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

19 Oscillations 12 Candidates should be able to:

19.1 Characteristics of 1 (a) define simple harmonic motion;
simple harmonic
motion

19.2 Kinematics of simple 4 (b) show that x Asin t is a solution of
harmonic motion a 2x;

(c) derive and use the formula v A2 x2 ;

(d) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in displacement, velocity and
acceleration with time;

(e) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in velocity and acceleration with
displacement;

19.3 Energy in simple 2 (f) derive and use the expressions for kinetic
harmonic motion energy and potential energy;

(g) describe, with graphical illustrations, the
variation in kinetic energy and potential energy
with time and displacement;

19.4 Systems in simple 3 (h) derive and use expressions for the periods of
harmonic motion oscillations for spring-mass and simple
pendulum systems;

19.5 Damped oscillations 1 (i) describe the changes in amplitude and energy
for a damped oscillating system;

(j) distinguish between under damping, critical
damping and over damping;

19.6 Forced oscillations and 1 (k) distinguish between free oscillations and

resonance forced oscillations;

(l) state the conditions for resonance to occur.

20 Wave Motion 12 Candidates should be able to:

20.1 Progressive waves 3 (a) interpret and use the progressive wave
equation y = A sin ( t kx) or
y = A cos ( t kx);

(b) sketch and interpret the displacement-time
graph and the displacement-distance graph;

16

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

(c) use the formula 2 λ x ;
(d) derive and use the relationship v f ;

20.2 Wave intensity 2 (e) define intensity and use the relationship
I A2 ;

(f) describe the variation of intensity with distance
of a point source in space;

20.3 Principle of 1 (g) state the principle of superposition;
superposition

20.4 Standing waves 4 (h) use the principle of superposition to explain
the formation of standing waves;

(i) derive and interpret the standing wave
equation;

(j) distinguish between progressive and standing
waves;

20.5 Electromagnetic waves 2 (k) state that electromagnetic waves are made up
of electrical vibrations E = E0 sin ( t kx)
and magnetic vibrations B = B0 sin ( t kx);

(l) state the characteristics of electromagnetic
waves;

(m) compare electromagnetic waves with
mechanical waves;

(n) state the formula c 1 , and explain its
significance;
00

(o) state the orders of the magnitude of
wavelengths and frequencies for different
types of electromagnetic waves.

21 Sound Waves 14 Candidates should be able to:

21.1 Propagation of sound 2 (a) explain the propagation of sound waves in air
waves in terms of pressure variation and
displacement;

(b) interpret the equations for displacement
y y0 sin ( t kx) and pressure

p = p0 sin t kx ;
2

17

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

(c) use the standing wave equation to determine
the positions of nodes and antinodes of a
standing wave along a stretched string;

21.2 Sources of sound 4 T
to determine the
21.3 Intensity level of (d) use the formula v
sound
frequencies of the sound produced by different
21.4 Beat modes of vibration of the standing waves
along a stretched string;
21.5 Doppler effect
22 Geometrical Optics (e) describe, with appropriate diagrams, the
different modes of vibration of standing waves
22.1 Spherical mirrors in air columns, and calculate the frequencies of
sound produced, including the determination
22.2 Refraction at spherical of end correction;
surfaces
2 (f) define and calculate the intensity level of
sound;

2 (g) use the principle of superposition to explain
the formation of beats;

(h) use the formula for beat frequency
f f1 f2;

4 (i) describe the Doppler effect for sound, and use
the derived formulae (for source and/or
observer moving along the same line).

8 Candidates should be able to:

3 (a) use the relationship f r for spherical
2

mirrors;

(b) draw ray diagrams to show the formation of

images by concave mirrors and convex

mirrors;

(c) use the formula 11 1 for spherical

uv f

mirrors;

2 (d) use the formula n1 n2 n2 n1 for
uv r

refraction at spherical surfaces;

18

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
Period

22.3 Thin lenses 3 (e) use the formula n1 n2 n2 n1 to derive
uv r
23 Wave Optics
23.1 Huygens’s principle the thin lens formula 1 1 1 and
23.2 Interference uv f

23.3 Two-slit interference lensmaker’s equation 1 nl 1 1 1;
pattern fm nm r1 r2

23.4 Interference in a thin (f) use the thin lens formula and lensmaker’s
film equation.

23.5 Diffraction by a single 16 Candidates should be able to:
slit
1 (a) state the Huygens’s principle;
(b) use the Huygens’s principle to explain
interference and diffraction phenomena;

2 (c) explain the concept of coherence;

(d) explain the concept of optical path difference,
and solve related problems;

(e) state the conditions for constructive and
destructive interferences;

2 (f) explain Young’s two-slit interference pattern;

(g) derive and use the formula x λD for the
a

fringe separation in Young’s interference

pattern;

2 (h) explain the phenomenon of thin film
interference for normal incident light, and
solve related problems;

2 (i) explain the diffraction pattern for a single slit;

(j) use the formula sin θ λ for the first
a

minimum in the diffraction pattern for a single

slit;

(k) use the formula sin = as the resolving
a

power of an aperture;

19

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
23.6 Diffraction gratings Period

23.7 Polarisation 3 (l) explain the diffraction pattern for a diffraction
grating;
23.8 Optical waveguides
24 Quantum Physics (m) use the formula d sinθ mλ for a diffraction
grating;
24.1 Photons
(n) describe the use of a diffraction grating to form
the spectrum of white light, and to determine
the wavelength of monochromatic light;

2 (o) state that polarisation is a property of
transverse waves;

(p) explain the polarisation of light obtained by
reflection or using a polariser;

(q) use the Brewster’s law tan B n;

(r) use the Malus’s law I = I0 cos2 ;

2 (s) explain the basic principles of fibre optics and
waveguides;

(t) state the applications of fibre optics and
waveguides.

20 Students should be able to:

8 (a) describe the important observations in
photoelectric experiments;

(b) recognise the features of the photoelectric
effect that cannot be explained by wave theory,
and explain these features using the concept of
quantisation of light;

(c) use the equation E hf for a photon;

(d) explain the meaning of work function and
threshold frequency;

(e) use Einstein’s equation for the photoelectric

effect hf W 1 mvm2 ax ;
2

(f) explain the meaning of stopping potential, and

use eVs 1 mvm2 ax ;
2

20

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
24.2 Wave-particle duality Period

24.3 Atomic structure 2 (g) state de Broglie’s hypothesis;

24.4 X-rays (h) use the relation h to calculate de Broglie
wavelength; p

(i) interpret the electron diffraction pattern as an
evidence of the wave nature of electrons;

(j) explain the advantages of an electron
microscope as compared to an optical
microscope;

4 (k) state Bohr’s postulates for a hydrogen atom;

(l) derive an expression for the radii of the orbits
in Bohr’s model;

(m) derive the formula En Z 2e4m
Bohr’s model; for

8 02h2n2

(n) explain the production of emission line spectra
with reference to the transitions between
energy levels;

(o) explain the concepts of excitation energy and
ionisation energy;

5 (p) interpret X-ray spectra obtained from X-ray
tubes;

(q) explain the characteristic line spectrum and
continuous spectrum including min in X-rays;

(r) derive and use the equation min hc ;
eV

(s) describe X-ray diffraction by two parallel
adjacent atomic planes;

(t) derive and use Bragg’s law 2d sin = m ;

24.5 Nanoscience 1 (u) explain the basic concept of nanoscience;

(v) state the applications of nanoscience in
electronics devices.

21

Topic Teaching Learning Outcome
25 Nuclear Physics Period

25.1 Nucleus 14 Candidates should be able to:

25.2 Radioactivity 4 (a) describe the discovery of protons and neutrons
(experimental details are not required);
25.3 Nuclear reactions
(b) explain mass defect and binding energy;

(c) use the formula for mass-energy equivalence
E = mc2;

(d) relate and use the units u and eV;

(e) sketch and interpret a graph of binding energy
per nucleon against nucleon number;

6 (f) explain radioactive decay as a spontaneous and
random process;

(g) define radioactive activity;

(h) state and use the exponential law dN N
dt

for radioactive decay;

(i) define decay constant;

(j) derive and use the formula N N0e t ;

(k) define half-life, and derive the relation
ln 2
;
t1

2

(l) solve problems involving the applications of
radioisotopes as tracers in medical physics;

4 (m) state and apply the conservation of nucleon
number and charge in nuclear reactions;

(n) apply the principle of mass-energy
conservation to calculate the energy released
(Q – value) in a nuclear reaction;

(o) relate the occurrence of fission and fusion
to the graph of binding energy per nucleon
against nucleon number;

(p) explain the conditions for a chain reaction to
occur;

(q) describe a controlled fission process in a
reactor;

(r) describe a nuclear fusion process which occurs
in the Sun.

22

The Practical Syllabus
School-based Assessment of Practical

School-based assessment of practical work is carried out throughout the form six school terms for
candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC to carry
out the school-based assessment.

MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by the
candidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. The project will be
carried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic,
objective, theory, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified in
the Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Practical Physics which can be downloaded from MEC’s
Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teachers during the first term of form six.

Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experiment
so as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one school
double period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practical
sessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessment
guidelines prepared by MEC.

A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequent
STPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made
during the registration of the examination.

The Physics practical course for STPM should achieve its objective to improve the quality of
candidates in the aspects as listed below.

(a) The ability to follow a set or sequence of instructions.
(b) The ability to plan and carry out experiments using appropriate methods.
(c) The ability to choose suitable equipment and use them correctly and carefully.
(d) The ability to determine the best range of readings for more detailed and careful

measurements.
(e) The ability to make observations, to take measurements and to record data with attention

given to precision, accuracy and units.
(f) The awareness of the importance of check readings and repeat readings.
(g) The awareness of the limits of accuracy of observations and measurements.
(h) The ability to present data and information clearly in appropriate forms.
(i) The ability to interpret, analyse and evaluate observations, experimental data, perform error

analysis and make deductions.
(j) The ability to make conclusions.
(k) The awareness of the safety measures which need to be taken.

23

The objective of the project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and integrate
practical skills in Physics with the aid of information and communications technology as well as to
develop soft skills as follows:

(a) communications,
(b) teamwork,
(c) critical thinking and problem solving,
(d) flexibility/adaptability,
(e) leadership,
(f) organising,
(g) information communications and technology,
(h) moral and ethics.

Written Practical Test

The main objective of the written practical test is to assess the candidates’ understanding of practical
procedures in the laboratory.

The following candidates are required to register for this paper:
(a) individual private candidates,
(b) candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-based

assessment of practical work,
(c) candidates who repeat upper six (in government or private schools),
(d) candidates who do not attend classes of lower six and upper six in two consecutive years

(in government or private schools).
(e) candidates who take Physics other than the package offered by schools.

Three structured questions on routine practical work and/or design of experiments will be set.
MEC will not be strictly bound by the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates
will be given sufficient information to enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory
within the syllabus and knowledge of usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.

The questions to be set will test candidates’ ability to:
(a) record readings from diagrams of apparatus,
(b) describe, explain, suggest, design or comment on experimental arrangements, techniques

and procedures,
(c) complete tables of data and plot graphs,
(d) interpret, draw conclusions from, and evaluate observations and experimental data,
(e) recognise limitations of experiments and sources of results,
(f) explain the effect of errors on experimental results,
(g) suggest precautions or safety measures,
(h) explain theoretical basis of experiments,
(i) use theory to explain or predict experimental results,
(j) perform simple calculations and error analysis based on experiments.

24

Scheme of Assessment

Term of Paper Code Theme/Title Type of Test Mark Duration Administration
Study and Name (Weighting)

First 960/1 Mechanics and Written Test 60
Term Physics Thermodynamics (26.67%)
Paper 1
Section A 15
15 compulsory 1½ hours Central
multiple-choice 15 assessment
questions to be
answered. 30

Section B
2 compulsory
structured questions
to be answered.

Section C
2 questions to be
answered out of 3
essay questions.

All questions are
based on topics 1 to
11.

Second 960/2 Electricity and Written Test 60
Term Physics Magnetism (26.67%)
Paper 2 Section A
15 compulsory 15
multiple-choice 1½ hours Central
questions to be 15 assessment
answered.
30
Section B
2 compulsory
structured questions
to be answered.

Section C
2 questions to be
answered out of 3
essay questions.

All questions are
based on topics 12
to 18.

25

Term of Paper Code Theme/Title Type of Test Mark Duration Administration
Study and Name (Weighting) 1½ hours
Central
Third 960/3 Oscillations and Written Test 60 assessment
Term Physics Waves, Optics (26.67%)
Paper 3 and Modern Section A
Physics 15 compulsory 15
multiple-choice
questions to be 15
answered.
30
Section B
2 compulsory
structured questions
to be answered.

Section C
2 questions to be
answered out of 3
essay questions.

All questions are
based on topics 19
to 25.

960/5 Written Physics Written Practical 45
Physics (20%)
Paper 5 Practical Test

3 compulsory 1½ hours Central
structured questions assessment
to be answered.

First, 960/4 Physics Practical School-based 225
Second Physics Assessment of to be
Paper 4 Practical scaled to Throughout
and 45 the three
Third 13 compulsory (20%) terms School-based
Terms experiments and assessment
one project to be
carried out.

26

Performance Descriptions
A Grade A candidate is likely able to:

(a) recall the fundamental knowledge of Physics from the syllabus with few significant
omissions;

(b) show good understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts;
(c) identify the appropriate information and apply the correct techniques to solve problems;
(d) communicate effectively using logical sequence based on physics fundamentals, including

usage of mathematical expressions, schematic diagrams, tables and graph;
(e) synthesise information from fundamental principles of different content areas in problem

solving;
(f) show good understanding of the underlying working principles and carry out extensive

calculation in numerical-type questions;
(g) make adaptations, appropriate assumptions and use the fundamental knowledge of Physics

in analyzing an unfamiliar situation;
(h) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;
(i) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;
(j) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.

A Grade C candidate is likely able to:
(a) recall the knowledge of Physics from most parts of the syllabus;
(b) show some understanding of the main principles and concepts in the syllabus;
(c) present answer using common terminology and simple concepts in the syllabus;
(d) demonstrate some ability to link knowledge between different areas of Physics;
(e) perform calculation on familiar numerical-type or guided questions;
(f) show some understanding of the underlying Physics principles when carrying out numerical
work;
(g) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;
(h) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;
(i) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.

27

Summary of Key Quantities and Units

Candidates are expected to be familiar with the following quantities, their symbols, their units, and
their interrelationships. They should also be able to perform calculations and deal with questions
involving these quantities as indicated in the syllabus. The list should not be considered exhaustive.

Quantity Usual symbols Units

Base quantities

Amount of matter n mol
Electric current IA
Length lm
Mass m kg
Temperature TK
Time ts

Other quantities

Acceleration a ms 2
Acceleration of free fall g ms 2
Activity of radioactive source A s 1, Bq
Amplitude A m
Angular displac.ement , rad
Angular frequency L rad s 1
Angular momentum , kg m2 rad s 1
Angular speed , rad s 1
rad s 1
Angular velocity A m2
ma kg
Area Z
Atomic mass C F
Atomic number (proton number) J
Capacitance U m3
Change of internal energy n
Charge carrier density 1m 1
Coefficient of friction c
Conductivity Am 2
Critical angle J s1
Current density kg m 3
Decay constant s, x m
Density d m
Displacement Q, q C
Distance E NC 1
Electric charge Φ N C 1 m2
Electric field strength V V
Electric flux V, V V
Electric potential ,E V
Electric potential difference me kg, u
e C
Electromotive force e
Electron mass E, U J
Elementary charge f m
Emissivity F N
Energy
Focal length
Force

28

Quantity Usual symbols Units

Force constant k Nm 1
Frequency f Hz
Gravitational field strength g N kg 1
Gravitational potential V J kg 1
Half-life t½ s
Heat Q J
Heat capacity C JK 1
Image distance v m
Impedance Z
Intensity I Wm 2
Internal energy U J
Latent heat L J
Magnetic flux Φ Wb
Magnetic flux density B T
Magnification power m
Mass number (nucleon number) A kg m 1
Mass per unit length J K 1 mol 1
Molar heat capacity Cm kg mol 1
Molar mass M ms 1
Molecular speed c Ns
Momentum p H
Mutual inductance M kg, u
Neutron mass mn
Neutron number N m
Object distance u s
Period T Hm 1
Permeability Hm 1
Permeability of free space 0 Fm 1
Permittivity Fm 1
Permittivity of free space 0 , rad
Phase difference J
Potential energy U W
Power P Pa
Pressure p J K 1 mol 1
Principal molar heat capacities CV,m; Cp,m m
Radius r
Ratio of heat capacities m
Reactance X H
Refractive index n J K 1 kg 1
Relative atomic mass Ar J kg 1
Relative molecular mass Mr ms 1
Relative permeability ms 1
Relative permittivity r
Resistance r
Resistivity
Self-inductance R
Specific heat capacity
Specific latent heat L
Speed c
Speed of electromagnetic waves l
u, v
c

29

Quantity Usual symbols Units

Stress T, Pa
Surface charge density T Cm 2
Temperature k K, C
Tension N
Thermal conductivity u, v Wm1K 1
Time constant V s
Torque Nm
Velocity k ms 1
Volume W m3
Wavelength W m
Wave number m1
Weight ,W N
Work E, Y J
Work function J
Young’s modulus Pa, N m 2

30

Acceleration of free fall 960 PHYSICS = 9.81 m s 2
Avogadro’s constant Values of constants = 6.02 1023 mol 1
Boltzmann’s constant = 1.38 10 23 J K 1
Gravitational constant g = 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2
Magnitude of electronic charge NA = 1.60 10 19 C
Mass of the Earth k, kB = 5.97 1024 kg
Mass of the Sun G = 1.99 1030 kg
Molar gas constant e = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
Permeability of free space ME = 4 10 7 H m 1
Permittivity of free space MS = 8.85 10 12 F m 1
R
Planck’s constant 1 10 9 F m 1
Radius of the Earth 0 =
Radius of the Sun 0
Rest mass of electron 36
Rest mass of proton h
Speed of light in free space RE = 6.63 10 34 J s
Stefan-Boltzmann constant RS = 6.38 106 m
Unified atomic mass unit me = 6.96 108 m
mp = 9.11 10 31 kg
c = 1.67 10 27 kg
= 3.00 108 m s 1
u = 5.67 10 8 W m 2 K 4
= 1.66 10 27 kg

31

Reference Books
Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other
reference books such as those listed below.
1. Adam, S. and Allday, J., 2000. Advanced Physics. New York: Oxford.
2. Breithaupt, J., 2000. Understanding Physics for Advanced Level. 4th edition. Cheltenham:

Nelson Thornes.
3. Duncan, T., 2000. Advanced Physics. 5th edition. London: John Murray.
4. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. 4th edition.

New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics-Principles with Application. 6th edition. New Jersey: Pearson

Prentice Hall.
6. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J., 2008. Fundamentals of Physics. 8th edition. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
7. Hutchings, R., 2000. Physics. 2nd edition. London: Nelson Thornes.
8. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2006. Serway’s Principles of Physics. 4th edition. California:

Thomson Brooks/Cole.
9. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 7th edition.

California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
10. Nelkon, M. and Parker, P., 1995. Advanced Level Physics. 7th edition. Oxford: Heinemann.
11. Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., 2011. University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th edition.

California: Pearson Addison Wesley.

32

SPECIMEN PAPER

960/1 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Please tear off along the perforated line. Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s use
(Sila koyakkan di sepanjang garis putus-putus ini.) DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE (Untuk kegunaan

TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices pemeriksa)

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Section B
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the (Bahagian B)
Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. 16
Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces 17

provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be Section C
shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. (Bahagian C)
Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.

Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper. Total
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. (Jumlah)

Arahan kepada calon:

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 960/1

33

BLANK PAGE

960/1

34

HALAMAN KOSONG

960/1

35

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which formula does not have the same unit as work?
A Power time
B Pressure volume
C Mass gravitational potential
D Specific heat capacity temperature

2 A ball is thrown upwards several times with the same speed at different angles of projection.
Which graph shows the variation of the horizontal range R with the angle of projection ?

CD

3 A body with mass 6 kg is acted by a force F which varies with time t as shown in the graph
below.

F/N

10

0 T t/s

If the change of the momentum of the body after time T is 30 N s, what is the value of T ?

A 3s B 5s C 6s D 12 s

960/1

36

Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Rumus yang manakah yang tidak mempunyai unit yang sama dengan kerja?
A Kuasa masa
B Tekanan isi padu
C Jisim keupayaan graviti
D Muatan haba tentu suhu

2 Sebiji bola dilontarkan ke atas beberapa kali dengan laju yang sama pada sudut pelontaran yang
berbeza. Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan ubahan julat mengufuk R dengan sudut pelontaran

?

CD

3 Satu jasad dengan jisim 6 kg ditindakkan oleh satu daya F yang berubah dengan masa t
ditunjukkan dalam graf di bawah.

F/N
10

0 T t/s

Jika perubahan momentum jasad itu selepas masa T ialah 30 N s, berapakah nilai T ?

A 3s B 5s C 6s D 12 s

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37

4 Which statement is true of the static friction between two surfaces?
A It is always constant.
B It depends on the surface area.
C It depends on the nature of the surfaces.
D It is always smaller than the kinetic friction.

5 A car of mass m with effective power P and initial velocity u climbs a hill of height h. The car
arrives at the peak of the hill at velocity v in time t. Which is true of the motion?

A Pt 1 mu 2 1 mv 2 mgh
22

B Pt 1 mv 2 1 mu 2 mgh
22

C Pt mgh 1 mu 2 1 mv 2
22

D Pt mgh 1 mv 2 1 mu 2
22

6 A car of mass 1000 kg moves along the corner of a level road having a radius of curvature 35.0 m.
If the limiting frictional force between the tyres and the road is 4.0 kN, the maximum speed of the car
without skidding at the corner is

A 4.0 m s 1 B 8.8 m s 1 C 11.8 m s 1 D 140.0 m s 1

7 If the gravitational field strength at a certain region is uniform,
A there is no work done on a mass displaced in that region
B the gravitational potential is the same at all points in that region
C the gravitational force on a mass is the same at all points in that region
D the gravitational potential energy is the same for all masses at all points in that region

8 A ladder PQ with the centre of mass R resting on a wall QS is shown in the diagram below.

T
Q

R

U

PS

If the ladder is in equilibrium and the resultant forces at P and Q are FP and FQ respectively, FP
and FQ must act through point

AR BS CT DU

960/1

38

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang geseran statik antara dua permukaan?
A Ia sentiasa malar.
B Ia bergantung kepada luas permukaan itu.
C Ia bergantung kepada sifat permukaan itu.
D Ia sentiasa lebih kecil daripada geseran kinetik.

5 Sebuah kereta berjisim m dengan kuasa berkesan P dan halaju awal u mendaki sebuah bukit
setinggi h. Kereta itu tiba di puncak bukit pada halaju v dalam masa t. Yang manakah yang benar
tentang gerakan itu?

A Pt 1 mu 2 1 mv 2 mgh
22

B Pt 1 mv 2 1 mu 2 mgh
22

C Pt mgh 1 mu 2 1 mv 2
22

D Pt mgh 1 mv 2 1 mu 2
22

6 Sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg bergerak melalui satu selekoh jalan raya yang rata yang
mempunyai jejari kelengkungan 35.0 m. Jika had daya geseran antara tayar dengan jalan raya ialah
4.0 kN, laju maksimum tanpa tergelincir kereta pada selekoh itu ialah

A 4.0 m s 1 B 8.8 m s 1 C 11.8 m s 1 D 140.0 m s 1

7 Jika kekuatan medan graviti di suatu kawasan adalah seragam,
A tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas jisim yang tersesar di kawasan itu
B keupayaan graviti adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu
C daya graviti ke atas jisim adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu
D tenaga keupayaan graviti adalah sama bagi semua jisim di semua titik di kawasan itu

8 Satu tangga PQ dengan pusat jisim R yang bersandar pada dinding QS ditunjukkan dalam gambar
rajah di bawah.

T
Q

R

U

PS

Jika tangga itu berada dalam keseimbangan dan daya paduan di P dan Q masing-masing ialah FP
dan FQ, FP dan FQ mesti bertindak melalui titik

AR BS CT DU

960/1

39

9 Which of the following best shows the stiffness of a solid?
A Young’s modulus
B Elastic limit
C Yield point
D Tensile strength

10 The temperature of two moles of a diatomic gas is raised by 8.0 C from room temperature. The
increase in the internal energy of the gas is

A 2.0 × 102 J B 3.3 × 102 J C 7.0 × 103 J D 1.2 × 104 J

11 The ratio of the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas is 1.4. What is the number of degrees of
freedom of the gas?

A3 B5 C6 D7

12 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure differs from molar heat capacity at constant volume
because

A the internal energy of the gas is higher at constant pressure

B extra heat is required to expand the gas at constant pressure

C extra heat is required to increase the degree of freedom of the gas at constant volume

D work is required to overcome the attractive force between molecules which is stronger at
constant pressure

13 An ideal gas in a cylinder is compressed isothermally. Which statement is true of the gas?
A No work is done on the gas.
B Heat is released from the gas.
C The internal energy of the gas increases.
D The potential energy of the gas molecules increases.

960/1

40

9 Yang manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan kekakuan suatu pepejal?
A Modulus Young’s
B Had kenyal
C Titik alah
D Kekuatan tegangan

10 Suhu dua mol gas dwiatom dinaikkan sebanyak 8.0 C dari suhu bilik. Pertambahan tenaga dalam
bagi gas itu ialah

A 2.0 × 102 J B 3.3 × 102 J C 7.0 × 103 J D 1.2 × 104 J

11 Nisbah muatan haba molar suatu gas unggul ialah 1.4. Berapakah bilangan darjah kebebasan gas
itu?

A3 B5 C6 D7

12 Muatan haba molar pada tekanan malar berbeza daripada muatan haba molar pada isi padu molar
kerana

A tenaga dalam suatu gas adalah lebih tinggi pada tekanan malar

B haba tambahan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan gas pada tekanan malar

C haba tambahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan darjah kebebasan gas pada isi padu malar

D kerja diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul yang lebih kuat pada tekanan
malar

13 Suatu gas unggul dalam satu silinder dimampatkan secara isoterma. Penyataan yang manakah
yang benar tentang gas itu?

A Tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas gas.
B Haba dibebaskan daripada gas.
C Tenaga dalam gas itu meningkat.
D Tenaga keupayaan molekul gas meningkat.

960/1

41

14 Two perfectly insulated uniform rods R and S of the same material joined thermally is shown in
the diagram below.

Insulator R S 50 C

100 C
Insulator

The length of rod R is two times the length of rod S. The cross-sectional area of rod R is half the
cross-sectional area of rod S. If the free ends of R and S are fixed at 100 C and 50 C respectively,
what is the temperature at the junction of rod R and rod S?

A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C

15 The Sun continuously radiates energy into space, some of which is received by the Earth. The
average temperature on the surface of the Earth remains at about 300 K because

A the Earth reflects the Sun’s light

B the thermal conductivity of the Earth is low

C the Earth radiates an amount of energy into space equal to the amount it absorbed

D the energy only raises the temperature of the upper atmosphere and never reaches the
surface

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14 Dua rod seragam R dan S yang bertebat dengan sempurna daripada bahan yang sama disambung
secara terma ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Penebat R S 50 C

100 C
Penebat

Panjang rod R adalah dua kali panjang rod S. Luas keratan rentas rod R adalah setengah luas
keratan rentas rod S. Jika hujung bebas R dan S masing-masing ditetapkan pada 100 C and 50 C,
berapakah suhu pada simpang rod R dan rod S?

A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C

15 Matahari secara berterusan menyinarkan tenaga ke dalam angkasa, sebahagian daripadanya
diterima oleh Bumi. Purata suhu pada permukaan Bumi kekal pada 300 K kerana

A Bumi memantulkan cahaya Matahari

B kekonduksian terma Bumi adalah rendah

C Bumi menyinarkan amaun tenaga yang sama dengan amaun tenaga yang diserapnya ke dalam
angkasa

D tenaga hanya meningkatkan suhu atmosfera atas dan tidak pernah sampai ke permukaan

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45 HALAMAN KOSONG

Section B [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

16 A wire with cross-sectional area 0.50 mm2 and length 20.0 cm is pulled at both ends by a force of
55 N as shown in the diagram below.

F = 55 N Wire F = 55 N

(a) Determine the stress in the wire. [2 marks]

(b) If the extension is 0.40 cm, calculate the strain in the wire. [2 marks]
(c) Determine the Young’s modulus of the wire. [2 marks]

(d) Calculate the strain energy stored in the wire. [2 marks]

17 (a) State two assumptions of an ideal gas. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State two physical conditions under which a gas behave as an ideal gas. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) A 0.035 m3 gas tank contains 7.0 kg of butane gas. Assuming that the gas behaves as an ideal

gas, calculate its pressure at 27 C. [3 marks]

[The molecular mass of butane is 58 g mol–1.]

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