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Published by hattamahfar, 2020-02-19 21:52:15

fizik stpm 2012

fizik stpm 2012

19 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip superposisi. [2 markah]

(ii) Jelaskan syarat yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh satu corak interferen yang jelas.
[4 markah]

(b) Susunan bagi satu uji kaji dua celah Young ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Sumber a
cahaya D

Penapis
merah

Tabir

Corak pinggir yang dicerap mempunyai pemisahan pinggir 1.6 mm.

D
(i) Jika ialah 2500, hitung panjang gelombang cahaya merah yang melepasi melalui

a

penapis itu. [2 markah]

(ii) Satu penapis biru dimasukkan untuk menggantikan penapis merah itu. Cadangkan

apakah yang boleh dibuat kepada susunan untuk memperoleh corak pinggir dengan pemisahan pinggir

sama seperti dalam (b)(i). [2 markah]

(iii) Jika satu keping mika yang nipis dengan indeks biasan 1.58 diletakkan di hadapan

celah atas, jelaskan perubahan yang berlaku pada corak pinggir itu. [2 markah]

(iv) Diberikan bahawa tebal mika dalam (b)(iii) ialah 6.64 m, hitung anjakan corak

D [3 markah]
pinggir menggunakan = 2500 dan = 450 nm.

a

960/3

97

20 (a) (i) Explain nuclear fusion reaction. [2 marks]
(ii) State the conditions for nuclear fusion. [2 marks]

(b) Solar energy is produced by fusion reactions in the Sun. One of the fusion processes is known
as proton-proton cycle which involves reactions as shown below.

Reaction 1: 1 H 11H 21H 0 Q1
Reaction 2: 1 1
Reaction 3:
2 H 11H 3 He Q2
1 2

3 He 3 He 4 He 211 H Q3
2 2 2

Q1, Q2 and Q3 are energies released. [3 marks]
(i) Determine Q1, in Joules, released in Reaction 1.

(ii) Determine the number of protons required to form a helium nucleus 4 He in the above
2

continuous reactions. [2 marks]

(iii) Determine the total energy, in Joules, released in forming a helium nucleus 4 He .
2

[2 marks]

(iv) The Sun radiates 4.0 1026 W at a constant rate and the total mass of protons in the Sun

is 2.0 1030 kg. Determine the approximate life span of the Sun if it radiates energy by the proton-

proton cycle reaction. [4 marks]

[Atomic mass of 1 H is 1.00728 u, atomic mass of 2 H is 2.01355 u, atomic mass of 0 is
1 1 1

0.00055 u and atomic mass of 4 He is 4.00150 u.]
2

960/3

98

20 (a) (i) Jelaskan tindak balas pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah]
(ii) Nyatakan syarat bagi pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah]

(b) Tenaga suria dihasilkan oleh tindak balas pelakuran dalam Matahari. Satu daripada proses
pelakuran dikenal sebagai kitar proton-proton yang melibatkan tindak balas seperti yang ditunjukkan
di bawah.

Tindak balas 1: 1 H 11H 21H 0 Q1
Tindak balas 2: 1 1
Tindak balas 3:
2 H 11H 3 He Q2
1 2

3 He 3 He 4 He 211 H Q3
2 2 2

Q1, Q2, dan Q3 ialah tenaga yang dibebaskan.

(i) Tentukan Q1, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan oleh Tindak balas 1. [3 markah]

(ii) Tentukan nombor proton yang diperlukan untuk pembentukan satu nukleus helium

4 He dalam tindak balas selanjar di atas. [2 markah]
2

(iii) Tentukan jumlah tenaga, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan dalam pembentukan satu

nukleus helium 4 He . [2 markah]
2

(iv) Matahari memancarkan 4.0 1026 W pada kadar malar dan jumlah jisim proton dalam

Matahari ialah 2.0 1030 kg. Tentukan anggaran tempoh hayat Matahari jika Matahari memancarkan

tenaga melalui tindak balas kitar proton-proton. [4 markah]

[Jisim atom 1 H ialah 1.00728 u, jisim atom 2 H ialah 2.01355 u, jisim atom 0 ialah 0.00055 u
1 1 1

dan jisim atom 4 He ialah 4.00150 u.]
2

960/3

99

Acceleration of free fall Values of constants g= 9.81 m s 2
Avogadro constant (Nilai Pemalar) NA = 6.02 1023 mol 1
Boltzmann constant k, kB = 1.38 10 23 J K 1
Gravitational constant (Pecutan jatuh bebas) G= 6.67 10 11 N m2 kg 2
Magnitude of electronic (Pemalar Avogadro) e= 1.60 10 19 C
charge (Pemalar Boltzmann)
Mass of the Earth (Pemalar graviti)
Mass of the Sun (Magnitud cas elektron)
Molar gas constant
Permeability of free space (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 1024 kg
Permittivity of free space (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 1030 kg
(Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1
Planck’s constant (Ketelapan ruang bebas) μ0 = 4 10 7 H m 1
Radius of the Earth (Ketelusan ruang bebas) ε0 = 8.85 10 12 F m 1
Radius of the Sun
Rest mass of electron (Pemalar Planck) h = 1 10 9 F m 1
Rest mass of proton 36
Speed of light in free space (Jejari Bumi) RE
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.63 10 34 J s
Unified atomic mass unit (Jisim rehat elektron) me = 6.38 106 m
= 6.96 108 m
(Jisim rehat proton) mp = 9.11 10 31 kg
= 1.67 10 27 kg
(Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c
= 3.00 108 m s 1
(Pemalar Stefan-Boltzmann) = 5.67 10 8 W m 2 K 4
= 1.66 10 27 kg
(Unit jisim atom bersatu) u

960/3

100

SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT

960/4 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)
PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

STPM 960/4 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
101

STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

Experiment

Topic: Direct current circuit

Title: Potentiometer

Objective: To determine the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer

Theory:

Accumulator S1

l
Dry cell

S1

E.m.f. of the cell = .

Internal resistance of the cell = r.

With switch S1 closed while switch S2 open, obtain the balance length lo. With both S1 and S2
closed, obtain the balance length l.

Then,

V Ir

rV
I

r V
V

R

r 1R
V

r lo 1 R
l

lo r 1 1
lR

Graph of lo 1
against should be linear and the gradient is r.
lR

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102

STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

Apparatus:
(i) A potentiometer
(ii) A resistor-pack
(iii) Two on-off switches
(iv) A jockey
(v) A 2 V accumulator
(vi) A 1.5 V dry cell

(vii) A centre-zero galvanometer

Procedure:

(a) With S1 closed and S2 open, determine the balance length lo.
(b) With both S1 and S2 closed, determine the balance length l for various values of R.

(c) Plot a graph of lo against 1
.
lR

(d) Calculate the internal resistance r of the cell.

960/4

103

104

Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

960/5 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

Instructions to candidates: For examiner’s use
(Untuk kegunaan
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE
TOLD TO DO SO. pemeriksa)

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 1
Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia. 2
All working should be shown.

Numerical answers should be given to an appropriate number of 3
significant figures; units should be quoted where appropriate.
Total
Arahan kepada calon: (Jumlah)

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.

Jawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

Semua kerja hendaklah ditunjukkan.

Jawapan berangka hendaklah diberikan hingga bilangan anga bererti atau tempat perpuluhan
yang sesuai; unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai.

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 960/5

105

1 dQ to the surroundings at temperature 0 is
The rate of heat loss of a hot body at temperature
dt

given by

dQ 0 ),
k A(

dt

where k is a constant which depends on the nature of its surface and A the surface area of the body
which is exposed to the surroundings. The rate at which thermal energy is lost from the body is given
by

dQ d
mc ,

dt dt

where m is the mass of the body and c the specific heat capacity of the body. Thus

d kA 0) .
(
dt mc

An apparatus set-up used by a student to study the rate of cooling of a body is shown in the
diagram below.

Starting with water which was nearly boiling, the student recorded the temperature of hot water
at time t for each five minute interval, with the temperature of the surroundings 0 = 27 C. Then the
student plotted a graph of against t as shown in page __.

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106

dQ kepada persekitaran pada suhu 0
1 Kadar kehilangan haba satu jasad panas pada suhu

dt
diberikan oleh

dQ 0 ),
k A(

dt

dengan k pemalar yang bergantung pada sifat permukaannya dan A luas permukaan jasad yang
terdedah kepada persekitaran. Kadar kehilangan tenaga terma daripada jasad itu diberikan oleh

dQ d
mc ,

dt dt

dengan m jisim jasad dan c muatan haba tentu jasad itu. Oleh itu

d kA 0) .
(
dt mc

Susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk mengkaji kadar penyejukan satu jasad
ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Termometer Pengacau
Penutup kayu
Bikar
Air panas

Pelapik kayu

Bermula dengan air yang hampir mendidih, pelajar itu mencatat suhu air panas pada masa t bagi
setiap selang lima minit, dengan suhu persekitaran 0 = 27 C. Pelajar itu kemudian memplot graf
lawan t seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman __.

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107

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108

Graf lawan t

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109

(a) On the graph of against t, draw tangent lines at = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C and 80 C,

d d [5 marks]
and determine the corresponding slopes . Tabulate , ( 0 ) and dt .

dt

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110

(a) Pada graf lawan t, lukis garis tangen pada = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C, dan 80 C, dan

d d [5 markah]
tentukan kelerengan yang sepadan. Jadualkan , ( 0), dan .

dt dt

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111

d 0) . [5 marks]
(b) Plot a graph of against (

dt

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112

d 0 ). [5 markah]
(b) Plot graf lawan (

dt

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113

(c) State two precautionary measures which need to be taken so that the variation of temperature

of hot water with time t in the cooling process gives a good result. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Given that m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg 1 K 1 and A = 0.1 m2. Based on the graph of d
dt

against ( 0 ) , determine the value of k for the apparatus set-up. [3 marks]

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114

(c) Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil supaya ubahan suhu air panas

dengan masa t dalam proses penyejukan itu memberikan keputusan yang baik. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Diberikan m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg 1 K 1, dan A = 0.1 m2. d
lawan ( 0 ) , tentukan nilai k bagi susunan radas itu. Berdasarkan graf

dt
[3 markah]

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115

2 An apparatus set-up to determine the resistivity of a wire is shown in the diagram below.

O JP

Initially the wire of length  is placed between O and P. The switch was closed and an ammeter

reading I was recorded. The jockey was then touched and slid along the wire until the original
reading I was obtained at point J. The distance x was then measured and recorded. The experiment
was repeated using different values of .

The readings of , I and x obtained are as follows.

(  0.1) cm 105 100 95 90 85
(I 0.01) A 0.72 0.74 0.80 0.82 0.84
(x 0.1) cm 64.0 63.3 55.7 52.7 51.5

The diameters D of the wire for three different measurements were recorded as 0.56 mm,
0.57 mm and 0.56 mm.

The resistivity of the wire is given by D2E
, where E is the e.m.f. of the dry cell.

4Ix

(a) If E = 1.5 V, calculate the value of and its error without using the graphical method.
[4 marks]

(b) Describe a simple method to determine the e.m.f. of the dry cell. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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116

2 Susunan radas untuk menentukan kerintangan seutas dawai ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah
di bawah.

Akumulator Suis

O J Dawai gelongsor P
Joki
Sel kering

Pada mulanya seutas dawai yang panjangnya  ditempatkan di antara O dengan P. Suis ditutup

dan bacaan ammeter I direkodkan. Joki kemudian disentuhkan dan digelongsorkan pada dawai
tersebut sehingga bacaan I yang asal diperoleh di titik J. Jarak x kemudian diukur dan direkodkan. Uji
kaji ini diulangi dengan menggunakan nilai  yang berlainan.

Bacaan , I, dan x yang diperoleh adalah seperti yang berikut.

(  0.1) cm 105 100 95 90 85
(I 0.01) A 0.72 0.74 0.80 0.82 0.84
(x 0.1) cm 64.0 63.3 55.7 52.7 51.5

Garis pusat D dawai untuk tiga pengukuran yang berlainan direkodkan sebagai 0.56 mm,
0.57 mm, dan 0.56 mm.

Kerintangan dawai tersebut diberikan sebagai D2E
, dengan E sebagai d.g.e. sel kering.

4Ix

(a) Jika E = 1.5 V, hitung nilai dan ralatnya tanpa menggunakan kaedah bergraf. [4 markah]

(b) Perihalkan satu kaedah ringkas untuk menentukan d.g.e. sel kering itu. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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(c) The position of J determined in this experiment is called the balance point. With the aid of a

diagram, describe another way to determine the position of J using the same apparatus and a

galvanometer. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) In this experiment, it was found that the accuracy of the experiment would increase when a

longer slide wire was used. Explain why this is the case. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Suggest two precautions which should be taken in order to increase the accuracy of the

experiment. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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(c) Kedudukan J yang ditentukan dalam uji kaji ini disebut titik keseimbangan. Dengan bantuan

gambar rajah, perihalkan satu cara lain untuk menentukan kedudukan J dengan menggunakan radas

yang sama dan sebuah galvanometer. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Dalam uji kaji ini, didapati bahawa kejituan uji kaji akan meningkat apabila dawai gelongsor

yang lebih panjang digunakan. Jelaskan mengapa hal ini demikian. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Cadangkan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan kejituan uji kaji
ini. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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119

(f) Using the data and resistivity formula given, describe briefly the graphical method to

determine the resistivity of wire. [3 marks]

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120

(f) Dengan menggunakan data dan rumus kerintangan yang diberikan, perihalkan secara ringkas

kaedah bergraf untuk menentukan kerintangan dawai. [3 markah]

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121

3 (a) State a simple method to estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) An apparatus set-up to determine the focal length of a convex lens is shown in the diagram
below. A light bulb was used as an object.

A student obtained several object distances u and the corresponding image distances v. A graph
of v against u was then plotted as shown on page . A graph of v = u was also drawn.

Determine the focal length f1 of the convex lens from the graphs. [3 marks]

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122

3 (a) Nyatakan kaedah ringkas untuk menganggar panjang fokus satu kanta cembung. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Susunan radas untuk menentukan panjang fokus satu kanta cembung ditunjukkan seperti
dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Satu mentol digunakan sebagai objek.

Kanta Tabir
cembung Plastisin

Mentol

Seorang pelajar memperoleh beberapa jarak objek u dan jarak imej v yang sepadan. Satu graf v
lawan u kemudian diplot seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman . Graf v = u juga dilukis.

Tentukan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dari graf itu. [3 markah]

960/5

123

raph of v against u

960/5

124

Graf v lawan u

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125

(c) A concave lens was then placed in contact with the convex lens to form a combined lens as
shown in the diagram below. The experiment was repeated.

(i) The results were recorded. Complete the table. [2 marks]

u/cm v/cm 1 /cm 1 1 /cm 1
u v
100.00 25.5
67.0 30.0
50.0 35.9
40.0 38.5
33.0 57.0
25.0 154.0

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126

(c) Satu kanta cekung kemudian diletakkan bersentuhan dengan kanta cembung itu untuk
membentuk satu kanta gabungan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Uji kaji
diulangi.

Kanta Kanta Tabir
cembung cekung

Mentol

Plastisin

(i) Keputusan direkodkan. Lengkapkan jadual ini. [2 markah]

u/cm v/cm 1 /cm 1 1 /cm 1
u v
100.00 25.5
67.0 30.0
50.0 35.9
40.0 38.5
33.0 57.0
25.0 154.0

960/5

127

11
(ii) Plot a graph of against , and extrapolate the line to intersect both the axes.

vu
[3 marks]

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128

11
(ii) Plot graf lawan , dan ekstrapolasikan garis itu untuk memotong kedua-dua paksi.

vu
[3 markah]

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129

(iii) Write down the value of the intercept on each axis, and determine the focal length f of

the combined lens. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Based on your graph, state two reasons why the experiment is considered not accurate.
[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) The focal length f of the combined lens is related to the focal length f1 of the convex lens and
the focal length f2 of the concave lens by the equation

111
.

f f1 f2

Calculate the focal length f2 of the concave lens. [2 marks]

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130

(iii) Tulis nilai pintasan pada setiap paksi, dan tentukan panjang fokus f kanta gabungan.
[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan dua sebab mengapa uji kaji itu dianggap tidak jitu.
[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Panjang fokus f kanta gabungan dihubungkan dengan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dan
panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung oleh persamaan

111
.

f f1 f2

Hitung panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung itu. [2 markah]

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131


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