LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES ae Mle Me, we M. we supports 149 species of caterpillars supports 215 species of caterpillars supports 215 species of caterpillars HE we Me, *% 3 * SS it We a We oe Me Bos we Me BD xt we @. oH B ae HB. ae ae Me ae we superior nectar plant for butterflies useful along stream banks; supports 255 species of caterpillars as well as many sawfly larvae larval host for several butterfly species; excellent nectar and pollen source for native bees dense ground cover that produces berries for wildlife good all-around wildlife plant producing cover, fruits, and 29 species of caterpillars for birds fruits can be used to make jams and jellies; good all-around wildlife plant producing cover, fruits, and 29 species of caterpillars for birds i sole larval host for zebra swallowtail good late season source of pollen and nectar good understory shrub in southern regions good understory shrub in southern regions supports 43 species of caterpillars useful along stream banks; ideal for nectaring butterflies supports bumblebee pollinators useful along stream banks; ideal for nectaring butterflies useful along stream banks; ideal for nectaring butterflies supports 64 species of caterpillars including the grey hairstreak great resource for pollinators and berry eaters great resource for pollinators and berry eaters ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS iv] cover for wildlife fs) nest sites for birds whe pollen producer ¥ nectar producer 3B food for wintering birds a food for breeding birds bY 4 food for spring migrant birds 64 food for fall migrant birds r\y food for mammals ef%e food for caterpillars rN sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS % spring flowers * summer flowers sg fall flowers we fall foliage color 2. fragrance a aS evergreen ground cover SS deciduous ground cover ita screening a shade and cooling « edible fruits for humans , 297
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME | ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Cornus sericea Corylus americana Dirca palustris Euonymus americanus Fothergilla xintermedia Gaultheria procumbens Gaylussacia baccata Hamamelis virginiana Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea quercifolia Ilex crenata Ilex decidua Ilex glabra Ilex glabra 'Densa’ Ilex opaca Ilex verticillata Itea virginica Kalmia angustifolia Kalmia latifolia Leucothoé axillaris Leucothoé fontanesiana 298 redstem dogwood, red osier dogwood American hazelnut leatherwood American strawberry bush fothergilla teaberry, wintergreen black huckleberry witch haze smooth hydrangea oakleaf hydrangea Japanese holly inkberry American holly winterberry Virginia sweetspire sheep laurel mountain laurel coast leucotho @m drooping leucothoe wa SOOn BOury Pd id ex yy ZOn 2euyx Zoey Saux Zou @ Seu w Sew ie Seu @ ay = die or + ioe bi fia
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES * 3 Me Mh os ae Me al ae we B 3 EE os we MeRE Ht Me BD M, a a 3 We ih a tid fe ith ule se BS “* ie (i *2o Be bark brightly colored in winter; berries valuable fall/winter bird food foliage supports 125 species of caterpillars; nuts valuable forage for mammals and ground birds useful source of pollen and nectar along stream banks fleshy arils eaten by several bird species attractive flowers attract many pollinators valuable source of pollen and nectar for bumblebees valuable source of pollen, nectar, and fruit supports 62 species of caterpillars; extracts used medicinally good source of midsummer pollen and nectar good source of early summer pollen and nectar native to East Asia; dense shrub provides cover excellent pollen and nectar source for native bees; produces copious berries for winter birds excellent pollen and nectar source for native bees; produces copious berries for winter birds excellent pollen and nectar source for native bees; produces copious berries for winter birds excellent pollen and nectar source for native bees; produces copious berries for winter birds useful along stream banks; colorful berries last through winter, sustaining bluebirds, mockingbirds, hermit thrushes, waxwings, and robins excellent source of pollen and nectar for native bees some value for pollinators some value for pollinators supports bumblebee pollinators supports bumblebee pollinators ee TTY screening *, ee ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS @ cover for wildlife (e) nest sites for birds wae pollen producer ~~ nectar producer ed food for wintering birds Pd food for breeding birds 4 food for spring migrant birds bY 4 food for fall migrant birds r\y food for mammals f% food for caterpillars rs sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS *% spring flowers x summer flowers xt fall flowers ra fall foliage color ® 2. fragrance Rees see evergreen ground cover deciduous ground cover shade and cooling edible fruits for humans ; 299
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Lindera benzoin Neviusia alabamensis Physocarpus opulifolius Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron atlanticum Rhododendron austrinum Rhododendron calendulaceum | Rhododendron canescens Rhododendron maximum Rhododendron periclymenoides Rhododendron prinophyllum ) Rhododendron vaseyi Rhododendron viscosum Rhus aromatica Rhus copallina Rhus glabra Rhus typhina Rosa blanda Rosa carolina : Rosa palustris Rosa setigera Rosa virginiana Salix discolor 300 spicebush Alabama snow wreath common ninebark sweet azalea coastal azalea Florida flame azalea flame azalea Piedmont azalea great laurel, rosebay rhododendron pink azalea, pinxter azalea roseshell azalea pinkshell azalea swamp azalea fragrant sumac winged sumac smooth sumac staghorn sumac meadow rose Carolina rose swamp rose prairie rose Virginia rose pussy willow Seer van @ay mex A. eX A. eX LA. "ae A. eX A. eX A. wwaeery eX A. ex A. ae ¥ A. Se ¥ A. fe eVa IDS A, IDS IDS In, mex CODY ON. eK CODY On. e¥K COV ON. XK SOD ON eK 2 OY On SeEeyr OVVaA
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES ue Me Be M, x a We Xt Ve BD. oe Me ae we B ae We XE we B. xe Md a We a We B ae We a we B ae we we we a We at we Me eB ou B ie HB Me HE Me BD berries support fall migrants; larval host for spicebush swallowtail offers pollen and nectar to pollinators supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars valuable cover for wildlife supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars supports 50 species of caterpillars makes nutritious berries for wintering birds; supports 54 species of caterpillars makes nutritious berries for wintering birds; supports 54 species of caterpillars makes nutritious berries for wintering birds; supports 54 species of caterpillars makes nutritious berries for wintering birds; supports 54 species of caterpillars serves as larval host for 135 species of caterpillars serves as larval host for 135 species of caterpillars serves as larval host for 135 species of caterpillars serves as larval host for 135 species of caterpillars serves as larval host for 135 species of caterpillars useful along stream banks; hosts 455 species of caterpillars ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS J cover for wildlife (&) nest sites for birds wae pollen producer we nectar producer 3g food for wintering birds LB ood for breeding birds yy food for spring migrant birds y food for fall migrant birds e food for mammals f% food for caterpillars rv sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers XH 1 fall foliage color o Wa » fragrance ee es bossy ss evergreen ground cover deciduous ground cover = i= z= screening a» shade and cooling éo edible fruits for humans 301
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Salix sericea Sambucus canadensis Spiraea alba Spiraea tomentosa Vaccinium angustifolium Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum dentatum Viburnum nudum Viburnum nudum ‘Winterthur’ silky willow elderberry white meadowsweet steeplebush lowbush blueberry highbush blueberry mapleleaf viburnum arrowwood viburnum smooth witherod, possumhaw Senex OvVva ay eX KN ae BN. eX AON. wey On. BSEey eaVV A SExy eaVV A SEY CAVA SwVeyK2aAVV an Viburnum prunifolium blackhaw @ ue) uae Sd yd YZ VA. Xanthorhiza simplicissima yellowroot @ of Zamia pumila coontie & WOODY VINES Bignonia capreolata cross vine whe ¥ Campsis radicans trumpet vine whe ¥~ Clematis virginiana virgin’s bower wie ¥ Lonicera sempervirens coral honeysuckle wie hn Parthenocissus quinquefolia Phoradendron serotinum Wisteria frutescens 302 Virginia creeper mistletoe American wisteria A eX ZOAVV A of
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES h. BE HE OS ae Ht 2 Ee BS os Ee 8 ie we it We it We a we i Me a We useful along stream banks; hosts 455 species of caterpillars fruit can be used in making preserves, jams, and wine; fruits also support fledged birds useful along stream banks; supports 89 species of caterpillars useful along stream banks; supports 89 species of caterpillars copious fruits for birds and mammals; hosts 294 species of caterpillars copious fruits for birds and mammals; hosts 294 species of caterpillars excellent source of berries and caterpillars for birds excellent source of berries and caterpillars for birds ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS excellent source of berries and caterpillars for birds @ poner tor wines (e) nest sites for birds wae pollen producer excellent source of berries and caterpillars for birds ¥ nectar producer 5B food for wintering birds yd food for breeding birds 4 food for spring migrant birds B4 food for fall migrant birds excellent source of berries and caterpillars for birds good ground cover native to Florida, Cuba, and West Indies; larval host for Atala butterfly a we ay food for mammals excellent source of late summer nectar ef% food for caterpillars and pollen for butterflies and bees ray eequestoracathon excellent source of late summer nectar f LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS and pollen for butterflies and bees spring flowers excellent source of late summer nectar Pre and pollen for butterflies and bees summer flowers fall flowers excellent source of late summer nectar and pollen for butterflies and bees fall foliage color fragrance excellent source of late summer nectar and pollen for butterflies and bees evergreen ground cover deciduous ground cover excellent source of late summer nectar and pollen for butterflies and bees screening shade and cooling excellent source of late summer nectar and pollen for butterflies and bees © ee xoF EMD edible fruits for humans 303
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS Aconitum uncinatum Actaea pachypoda Agalinus tenuifolia Agastache scrophulariifolia Amsonia hubrichtii Amsonia tabernaemontana Anemone canadensis Antennaria dioica Aplectrum hyemale Aquilegia canadensis Arisaema triphyllum Aristolochia macrophylla Aruncus dioicus Asarum canadense Asclepias incarnata Asclepias syriaca Asclepias tuberosa Aster cordifolius Aster divaricatus Aster lateriflorus Aster novae-angliae Aster oblongifolius Aster puniceus 304 eastem monkshood baneberry slender false-foxglove giant purple hyssop threadleaf bluestar willowleaf bluestar Canada anemone o ital Wy oO m a) puityroot wild columbine Jack-in-the-pulpit swamp milkweed common milkweed butterfly weed New England aster romatic aster purple-stem aster mex ax arn mae id | wey 4 ay WS wy B® 24a mex A. XA mex A. sx A sex A. era a xy A | ee ¥ A. On
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES Me *% eH 3 ie We ae We BS ae Ee 3 EE % 3 EE % a we 5° at EE %* DB wt DB. ae BD 3 EE 3 Mt EE ce ce ME Me ES Mt Me ES supports native bees supports native bees excellent late summer source of pollen and nectar for bees and butterflies; larval host for the buckeye excellent for pollinators; finches use seeds in winter good butterfly nectar plant good butterfly nectar plant pollinator friendly ground cover larval host for the American lady butterfly attractive basal leaves persist through winter; not used by wildlife ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS & cover for wildlife excellent hummingbird plant (e) hectsites apm wae pollen producer seeds dispersed by birds and mammals ie nectar producer larval host for pipevine swallowtail Bd food for wintering birds : LB iood for breeding birds excellent plant for pollinators : y food for spring migrant birds excellent ground cover bY 4 food for fall migrant birds r\} food for mammals larval host for monarch butterfly A. food ioncatereiincs t b larval host for monarch butterfly 4 Bee eo ak ae LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS larval host for monarch butterfly x spring flowers hosts 109 species of caterpillars summer flowers fall flowers hosts 109 species of caterpillars é fall foliage color hosts 109 species of caterpillars ee i fragrance x cf 5 nes BS evergreen ground cover hosts 109 species of caterpillars deciduous ground cover hosts 109 species of caterpillars maatcfeite shade and cooling hosts 109 species of caterpillars FE edible fruits for humans 305
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS, continued Aster spectabilis Astilbe biternata Baptisia australis Boltonia asteroides Cardamine concatenata Chamaecrista fasciculata Chamaelirium luteum Chelone glabra Chrysogonum virginianum Chrysopis mariana Cimicifuga racemosa Claytonia virginica Coreopsis lanceolata Coreopsis rosea Coreopsis verticillata Dicentra canadensis Dicentra cucullaria Dicentra eximia Dioscorea villosa Echinacea purpurea Echinacea ‘Tomato Soup’ Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum Epimedium xversicolor *Sulphureum’ 306 showy aster American astilbe blue false indigo false aster, white doll’s daisy cutleaf toothwort partridge pea fairy wand turtlehead green and gold Maryland golden aster black cohosh spring beauty tickseed pink coreopsis whorled coreopsis squirrel-corn Dutchman's breeches fringed bleeding heart wild yam purple coneflower barrenwort barrenwort ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS | ee A. mex ies ~aee ey Sexy 420A aay mae > 4 whee 4 mae Ne 4 e e e meee 4
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES xt SS hosts 109 species of caterpillars * Kt es attracts butterflies xt larval host for wild indigo duskywing and southern dogface butterflies xt excellent for fall pollinators xt spring ephemeral for native bees xt es provides cover, food for game birds, and larval host for cloudless sulphur Ke not used by wildlife 3t xt larval host of the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly He SS cover and food for early summer pollinators ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS +t 3 3 good for pollinators in sandy soil @ cover for wildlife : ; ( nest sites for birds xt 2. excellent source of pollen and nectar in shady conditions : wae pollen producer x BS spring ephemeral for native bees is, nectar producer ; Bd food for wintering birds x * eS good spring forage for pollinators BB ood for bracchne picts 4 ae SS good spring forage for pollinators ¥ foodtor sprog miaten yy food for fall migrant birds xt xt Bo good spring forage for pollinators oy food for mammals ef food for caterpillars x rodents love tubers és : sequesters Carbon sg rodents love tubers LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS x eS rodents love tubers % spring flowers 3 summer flowers we attractive seed pods last through winter; little wildlife value #€ fall flowers : ro fall foliage color x ee excellent source of midsummer pollen and nectar : 2. fragrance x x excellent source of midsummer pollen and nectar ss evergreen ground cover Se deciduous ground cover x ee native to China; little wildlife value TT screening a shade and cooling 4 ee native to China; little wildlife eo value edible fruits for humans ° 307
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS, continued Erythronium americanum Eupatorium altissimum Eupatorium coelestinum Eupatorium dubium Eupatorium fistulosum Eupatorium fistulosum ‘Bartered Bride’ Eupatorium hyssopifolium Eupatorium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatorium rotundifolium Eupatorium rugosum Eupatorium serotinum Euphorbia corollata Filipendula rubra Fragaria virginiana Galanthus nivalis Geranium maculatum Helenium autumnale Helianthus angustifolius Helianthus maximiliani Heliopsis helianthoides Hepatica acutiloba Hepatica americana 308 yellow trout lily tall thoroughwort mistflower Joe-Pye weed hollowstem Joe-Pye weed white-flowered hollowstem Joe-Pye weed hyssopleaf thoroughwort Joe-Pye weed boneset round-leaved boneset white snakeroot late-blooming thoroughwort | flowering spurge queen of the prairie common strawberry snowdrops wild geranium Helen’s flower, sneezeweed swamp sunflower Maximilian sunflower oxeye sharp-lobed hepatica round-lobed hepatica =ey eX A. ae XA. ex A. ae -¥ A. ae LA. "ae LA. ax A eX LA. "eX A. ae LA. "ae A. ey ey Bey aS ee xy = aie e¥K CODY On. ee CODY On. wae 3 ry ery
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS ee cm Ht XE wt ES ME ES ES He ES at ES we ES ES 3 Mt EE ae He it ES at HE EE oe at EE Me BE a Ht EE HE MEE Ht He BE EE a ES NOTES pollinator friendly spring ephemeral supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars supports 41 species of caterpillars ' adds to the diversity of pollinator friendly plants attracts butterflies and hummingbirds productive ground cover that supplies food for pollinators, birds, reptiles, and mammals little wildlife value supports early season native bees late summer pollinator plant excellent wildlife plant that supports 75 species of caterpillars excellent wildlife plant that supports 75 species of caterpillars supports pollinators in midsummer supports early season native bees supports early season native bees eet eee ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS vo cover for wildlife () nest sites for birds ve pollen producer ay nectar producer 5B food for wintering birds yd food for breeding birds ¥ food for spring migrant birds y food for fall migrant birds ay food for mammals ef% food for caterpillars rv sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers fall foliage color fragrance evergreen ground cover deciduous ground cover screening shade and cooling edible fruits for humans | 309
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME | COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS, continued Heuchera americana Heuchera macrorhiza Heuchera villosa Hibiscus moscheutos Houstonia caerulea Hyacinthoides hispanica Hydrophyllum virginianum Impatiens capensis Impatiens pallida Iris verna Iris versicolor Jeffersonia diphylla Lespedeza virginica Liatris spicata Lilium superbum Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia siphilitica Ludwigia alternifolia Lysimachia ciliata Maianthemum canadense Mertensia virginica Mimulus ringens 310 | American heuchera, alumroot alumroot | alumroot swamp rose-mallow | bluets Spanish bluebells | Virginia waterleaf orange jJewelweed, touch-me-not pale jewelweed, touch-me-not vernal crested iris blue flag iris twinleaf slender bushclover spiked blazing star | Turk’s cap lily cardinal flower | great blue lobelia seedbox | yellow loosestrife Canada mayflower | Virginia bluebells Allegheny monkey flower a @ @ “eX A. “ae ae <a uexy ey : @ . Bex CON ee ¥ 8 on, "er ¥ ie “ery "ee "ae “ae 8 wey “ae A.
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS ae Ee Ht EE be we % ot EE oe Ee ES ES a ae He a ES we EE EE % 3 Ht EE Ie Me EE 3 EE 3 EE at HE St Be EE NOTES good ground cover good ground cover; semi-evergreen basal foliage persists through winter good ground cover larval host for 20 species of caterpillars green basal rosettes persist through winter; support early season native bees native to Europe; provides pollen and nectar for bumblebees excellent source of pollen and nectar for early season bees provides cover in wet areas; excellent hummingbird plant provides cover in wet areas; excellent hummingbird plant ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS 7] cover for wildlife provides beautiful cover in wet areas (Sh ~ neat sites forbirds wae pollen producer ¥ nectar producer provides dense ground cover in shade food for wintering birds yd food for breeding birds provides beautiful cover in wet areas good pollinator plant that also serves as V larval host for several skippers food for spring migrant birds bY 4 food for fall migrant birds r\y food for mammals ef% food for caterpillars excellent nectar source for butterflies; larval host for camouflaged looper tiful butterfly plant ecu kee ee rs sequesters carbon one of the best plants for hummingbirds LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS excellent source of nectar for hummingbirds *% spring flowers and nocturnal sphinx moths Sunarertlowers adds to the diversity of wetland plants fall flowers that support pollinators fall foliage color shade tolerant pollinator plant fragrance evergreen ground cover productive ground cover deciduous ground cover ; , ; F screening provides cover in wet areas; excellent hummingbird plant shade and cooling larval host for the buckeye butterfly EMD eee oP edible fruits for humans ° 311
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS, continued Mitchella repens partridgeberry iv] whe hn Sd r\} Mitella diphylla mitrewort, bishop's cap whe bf Monarda didyma beebalm @ whe ~~ Nymphaea odorata fragrant waterlily & Oenothera fruticosa sundrops whe hy <f Sd Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny spurge @ whe bn <f Panax trifolius dwarf ginseng whe hn Penstemon digitalis foxglove beardtongue whe ¥ Phacelia bipinnatifida fernleaf phacelia whe ~~ Phlox divaricata a ce & whe i, wild blue phlox Phlox maculata meadow phlox & whe ~ Phlox paniculata summer phlox @ whe bn Phlox stolonifera creeping phlox & whe ¥ Podophyllum peltatum mayapple @ whe ~¥ Polemonium reptans creeping Jacob's ladder @ whe ¥ Polygonatum commutatum Solomon's-seal & whe ~~ Potentilla canadensis dwarf cinquefoil whe he, r\y Potentilla simplex common cinquefoil whe ~~ r\} short-toothed Pycnanthemum muti whe bo ek toe mountain mint @ narrow-leaved j : Pycnanthemum ycnanthemum tenuifoli tenuifolium RGunianinine & whe ¥ Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountain mint & whe len Ratibida pinnata pinnate prairie coneflower whe hn ed Rudbeckia fulgida orange coneflower whe bn Sd 312
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES He Ht we ES ES at Ht a He EE x at 3 HE EE ae Ee EE bes EE ae at EE a % % xe xe xe % ground cover that produces berries used by many birds and mammals adds to the diversity of early season pollinator plants excellent butterfly and hummingbird plant creates good fish habitat valuable plant for native bees excellent ground cover with value to early season bees adds to the diversity of spring pollinator plants part of the diversity of summer pollinator friendly plants adds to the diversity of spring pollinator plants provides nectar for the hummingbird sphinx moth provides nectar for the hummingbird sphinx moth provides nectar for the hummingbird sphinx moth provides nectar for the hummingbird sphinx moth fruits eaten by box turtles adds to the diversity of spring pollinator plants adds to the diversity of spring pollinator plants good early summer source of pollen and nectar good early summer source of pollen and nectar superior source of pollen and nectar for bees and butterflies superior source of pollen and nectar for bees and butterflies superior source of pollen and nectar for bees and butterflies good for pollinators and winter birds good for pollinators and winter birds ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS 7 cover for wildlife fe) nest sites for birds wae pollen producer =< nectar producer 3B food for wintering birds LB iood for breeding birds bf food for spring migrant birds bY 4 food for fall migrant birds ey food for mammals f% food for caterpillars rs sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers fall foliage color fragrance evergreen ground cover ee Hy2 © deciduous ground cover IT screening shade and cooling op edible fruits for humans _ 313
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS, continued Rudbeckia laciniata cutleaf coneflower whe ~~ Sd Rudbeckia nitida shining coneflower whe yY BS” Salvia lyrata lyre-leaved sage @ whe ¥ Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot whe ba af Sanguinaria canadensis double bloodroot wie a ‘Multiplex’ Sedum ternatum mountain stonecrop whe ¥ Senecio aureus golden ragwort whe Senna hebecarpa wild senna whe 3 LA. Silene virginica fire pink | ey Silphium perfoliatum cup plant & te) wey i Sisyrinchium angustifolium blue-eyed grass & Smilacina racemosa false Solomon’s-seal whe y jg ay Solidago caesia blue-stem goldenrod & (Se) wie ~¥ od ef Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod (u) ey 3S A, Solidago flexicaulis zigzag goldenrod {7 &) sey 3 a, Solidago graminifolia grass-leaved goldenrod iv kd wae ba ed A. Solidago rugosa rough-stem goldenrod {4 & ey 1D, Solidago speciosa showy goldenrod f (&) wey 1B, Spigelia marilandica pinkroot whe a Stylophorum diphyllum wood poppy whe ~¥ r\y Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage @ Tiarella cordifolia eastern foamflower & whe hn 314
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES * ES a BB ME ae BB x ES we Ee ES * ES a HE at BS 3 Xt EE at ES ME He BE EE HE Me Mt He ae He HE tHE a EE at good for pollinators and winter birds good for pollinators and winter birds attracts hummingbirds and butterflies adds to the diversity of spring pollinator plants; seed elaiosomes support ants little wildlife value ground cover with some benefits for pollinators part of the diversity of summer pollinator friendly plants larval host for several species of sulphur butterflies seeds support winter birds good pollinator plant that provides winter seed for finches forms a beautiful, dense groundcover adds to the diversity of spring pollinator plants excellent meadow plant that supplies cover, seed, pollen, nectar, and food for 115 species of caterpillars excellent meadow plant that supplies cover, seed, pollen, nectar, and food for 115 species of caterpillars excellent meadow plant that supplies cover, seed, pollen, nectar, and food for 115 species of caterpillars excellent meadow plant that supplies cover, seed, pollen, nectar, and food for 115 species of caterpillars excellent meadow plant that supplies cover, seed, pollen, nectar, and food for 115 species of caterpillars excellent meadow plant that supplies cover, seed, pollen, nectar, and food for 115 species of caterpillars attractive hummingbird plant adds to diversity of early summer pollinator plants provides good cover in wet areas excellent ground cover and spring pollinator plant PE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS md cover for wildlife (e) nest sites for birds wae pollen producer ¥ nectar producer di food for wintering birds yd food for breeding birds y food for spring migrant birds y¥ food for fall migrant birds ay food for mammals of food for caterpillars rs sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers fall foliage color em pe fragrance e o evergreen ground cover deciduous ground cover screening shade and cooling edible fruits forhumans | 315
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS BROADLEAVED HERBACEOUS PLANTS PLUS BULBS, continued Tipularia discolor Trillium cernuum Trillium flexipes Trillium grandiflorum Tulipa sylvestris Veratrum viride Verbena hastata Vernonia noveboracensis Veronicastrum virginicum Viola blanda Viola conspersa Viola pallens Viola papilionacea Viola pedata Viola pubescens Viola septentrionalis Viola sororia Viola striata Waldsteinia fragarioides Waldsteinia lobata cranefly orchid nodding trillium nodding trillium showy trillium wood tulip green false hellebore blue vervain New York ironweed Culver's root sweet white violet dog violet northern white violet common blue violet birdsfoot violet downy yellow violet northern blue violet common blue violet striped cream violet barren strawberry Piedmont barren strawberry i ey ee 8 oe ver di ery ie ver x ie x rx vor ¥ weary 5 i GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES Andropogon gerardii Andropogon glomeratus Andropogon ternarius 316 big bluestem bushy beardgrass splitbeard bluestem fe Oa, ©&) 3 an, 4 @ Ba,
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES % Ee a te a ME Ht EE a He ES we Ht ae ae Ee 3 EE a Be a ES ae a EE at BB Me a He ee attractive basal leaves persist through winter; little wildlife value seed elaiosomes eaten by yellow jackets seed elaiosomes eaten by yellow jackets seed elaiosomes eaten by yellow jackets native to Europe; little wildlife value adds to the diversity of wetland plants that support pollinators adds to the diversity of wetland plants that support pollinators important pollinator plant in damp soils adds to the diversity of summer pollinator plants larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries larval host for Argynnis and Speyeria fritillaries drought-tolerant ground cover drought-tolerant ground cover HE He Me ae Xe We ES at Xt Me EE a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS im] cover for wildlife (@) nest sites for birds wae pollen producer ¥ nectar producer ig food for wintering birds LB ood for breeding birds Vv food for spring migrant birds bY 4 food for fall migrant birds ay food for mammals ef food for caterpillars rs sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS % spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers fall foliage color fragrance evergreen ground cover ee EBi x ©3deciduous ground cover = ta screening shade and cooling & » edible fruits for humans 17
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES, continued Andropogon virginicus broomsedge @ (ev) Sd fh Carex flaccosperma thinfruit sedge @ (ey) Sd ef Carex glaucodea blue wood sedge @ wie ¥ of Carex laxiculmis spreading sedge vd (@) ed A. Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge @ whe ~~ ef Carex plantaginea plantainleaf sedge @ whe yY ef Carex platyphylla broadleaf.sedge @ wae be fh Carex stricta tussock sedge fs Yr A. Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge @ (ey Sd of Chasmanthium latifolium river oats & (e) tg Elymus canadensis Canada wild rye @ (e) ig we & &) eae common rush @ ea Elymus hystrix bottlebrush grass Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye Eragrostis spectabilis purple lovegrass Juncus effusus Panicum virgatum switchgrass Saccharum giganteum giant plume grass Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem @ ee eb CO i \) Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass Sporobolus heterolepis prairie dropseed AY Tripsacum dactyloides eastern gamagrass 318
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES He He Me xX a EXSY Xt We a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds hosts 36 species of caterpillars good ground cover that also serves as a larval host for skippers hosts 36 species of caterpillars good ground cover that also serves as a larval host for skippers; hosts 36 species of caterpillars good ground cover that also serves as a larval host for skippers good ground cover that also serves as a larval host for skippers good ground cover that also serves as a larval host for skippers; hosts 36 species of caterpillars hosts 36 species of caterpillars provides copious seed for winter birds ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS vd cover for wildlife () nest sites for birds wae pollen producer my nectar producer Bd food for wintering birds xe Ss provides copious seed for winter binds 4B f00d for breeding birds B 4 food for spring migrant birds xt & eS a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds yy food for sallinievant bude we ES te te BS provides seed for winter birds a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds good cover and soil stabilizer in wet areas a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds r\y food for mammals ef food for caterpillars Fe sequesters carbon LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS % spring flowers summer flowers % wl a large bunch grass that may be useful to grassland birds fall flowers Ht He We Ee Ht ae ee good for preventing soil erosion fall foliage color a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds fiagrance evergreen ground cover deciduous ground cover PEM eee xt 2. eS a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds screening . : had d li a bunch grass used by nesting grassland birds; gilep aerating xe x - edible fruits for humans seed is eaten by wintering birds and mammals 319
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PLANTS FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS FERNS Adiantum pedatum Asplenium platyneuron Athyrium filix-femina Cystopteris fragilis Dennstaedtia punctilobula Dryopteris cristata Dryopteris filix-mas Dryopteris goldiana Dryopteris intermedia Dryopteris marginalis Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica Onoclea sensibilis Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda claytoniana Osmunda regalis Pellaea atropurpurea Polypodium virginianum Polypodium vulgare Polystichum acrostichoides Thelypteris noveboracensis Thelypteris palustris Woodwardia areolata Woodwardia virginica 320 maidenhair fern ebony spleenwort lady fern brittle bladder fern, fragile fern hayscented fern crested wood fern male fern Goldie’s fern evergreen wood fern marginal shield fern ostrich fern sensitive fern cinnamon fern interrupted fern royal fern purple cliffbrake rock polypody common polypody Christmas fern New York fern marsh fern netted chain fern chain fern AY (es) VHS wWeeegea ae AY FRY VAY PRY RVD AD YY Ow BO @&
LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS NOTES eS good ground covers, particularly in shady, moist sites SS can provide good cover on calciferous soils SS good ground covers, particularly in shady, moist sites prolific ground covers SS excellent ground cover on impoverished, acidic soils clumping ferns that provide good cover for ground fauna Be clumping ferns that provide good cover for ground fauna Ss clumping ferns that provide good cover for ground fauna ciumping ferns that provide good cover for ground fauna ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ee clumping ferns that provide good cover for ground fauna ed powerton Waele @ nest sites for birds good ground covers, particularly in shady, moist sites *8* pollen producer ¥ nectar producer useful for stream and pondedges | ig food for wintering birds useful for stream and pond edges vy PAM bs yet excellent cover for ground fauna YY food for fall migrant birds r\y food for mammals useful for stream and pond edges ef food for caterpillars Bs SS eo 4B ‘004 for breeding birds eS Be : senett sequesters carbon good in rocky xeric sites ee q LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS excellent for adding life to rocky surfaces spring flowers Reet err See excellent for adding life to rocky surfaces summer flowers fall flowers excellent cover for ground fauna HG XtKefall foliage color ry Wo \ eeeeeeee excellent cover for ground fauna fragrance x s ES evergreen ground cover excellent cover for wildlife in wet areas deciduous ground cover screening shade and cooling good cover in acid bogs Be oF edible fruits for humans eS useful for stream and pond edges 321
322 Selected Plants for the Southeast, Southwest, Pacific Northwest, Midwest and Mountain States, and New England EXPANDED KEY a COVER FOR WILDLIFE Plant is used by wildlife for shelter and protection. () Nest SITES FOR BIRDS Plant is used by birds for building nests. PEE POLLEN AND NECTAR Plant produces pollen and/or nectar for insects and birds. y FOOD FOR BIRDS Plant provides nuts, seeds, berries, and other food for various birds. @Y 00D FOR MAMMALs Plant provides food for a variety of wildlife including squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons, opossums, and foxes. FOOD FOR CATERPILLARS Plant has foliage that sustains various species of caterpillars. SPRING FLOWERS Plant has significantly attractive flowers in spring. SUMMER FLOWERS Plant has significantly attractive flowers in summer. WINTER FLOWERS Plant has significantly attractive flowers in winter. A ¥€ FALL FLOWERS Plant has significantly attractive flowers in fall. We FALL FOLIAGE COLOR Plant foliage turns color in fall and is ornamental. 2. FRAGRANCE Plant has a noticeable and pleasant fragrance. EVERGREEN GROUND COVER Plant can be used as evergreen ground cover. DECIDUOUS GROUND COVER Plant can be used as deciduous ground cover. SCREENING Plant can be used as evergreen screening. SHADE/COOLING A shrub or tree that creates significant shade, which can be used to reduce the temperature in the area it covers. & FBS EDIBLE FRUITS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION Plant has fruit that is safe (and tasty) for people to consume.
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST by Larry Mellichamp, author of Native Plants of the Southeast BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES Acer barbatum Acer rubrum Amelanchier arborea Asimina triloba Betula lenta Betula nigra Carpinus caroliniana Carya illinoensis Carya ovata Catalpa bignonioides Celtis laevigata Cercis canadensis Chionanthus virginicus Cladrastis kentukea Cornus alternifolia Cornus florida Cotinus obovatus Crataegus phaenopyrum Crataegus viridis Diospyros virginiana Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus americana Fraxinus caroliniana southern sugar maple red maple downy serviceberry, shadblow serviceberry pawpaw black birch, sweet birch river birch ironwood pecan shagbark hickory catalpa Mississippi hackberry redbud fringe tree yellowwood alternate-leaf dogwood flowering dogwood smoke tree Washington hawthorn green hawthorn persimmon American beech white ash water ash (©) 8? A. (&) *8° A. Se YA. a A. (&) Be Wa, (©) Bt A, (©) *S° A. (©) *¢ OY .A. &) ~B¢ GY A. (e) *S* A. OeVA (©) *S* A. (©) Se Vn, (©) *S* A. ae VA. &) *Be A. OA Se LA. (©) Se YA, (&) 8° GY A. ws en (©) *S° A. (©) SA, whe Me, HE ie M, at We Mh, o8 He Me Moo ve vie M, h, co we M20 xe, h, aE we BD. Me, a we B ae we BD. M, ae Mie He Mie HE we Me, ae We MA, ae Me Me, we B08 ve we 323
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES, continued Gordonia lasianthus Gymnocladus dioicus Halesia carolina Ilex opaca Juglans nigra Juniperus virginiana Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Maclura pomifera Magnolia acuminata Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia macrophylla Magnolia virginiana Malus angustifolia Morus rubra Osmanthus americanus Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Persea borbonia Pinus palustris Pinus taeda Pinus virginiana Prunus caroliniana Prunus serotina 324 loblolly bay Kentucky coffee tree Carolina silverbell American holly black walnut eastern red cedar sweet gum tulip tree osage orange cucumber tree southern magnolia large-leaved umbrella tree sweetbay magnolia southern crabapple red mulberry devilwood American hop hornbeam sourwood red bay longleaf pine loblolly pine Virginia pine cherry laurel black cherry f (&) * (Z) "Se a, (©) °° A. wee V a, (©) 8 OA. Sevan (@) *e Va. (Z) "Se a, (©) 8 A, (&) Be Wa, BEeva Se Vn. S&eV a, eV Oa. (e) Se Va, (©) Be Va, (©) 8A, (©) a, ws aA, SE0On SEAOn SEVOnN (&) Be a, (©) eV a, x th %. ae ote My, Ath 4, ho it ve Me, a ae oe Me, et, DMM, ie we BoM, 2 MM, ae le Ba te, res 2 th ws. te le ith %, ith %, ith ith %, tM, He Me Me,
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES, continued Quercus alba white oak (u) he BY A. we me Quercus coccinea scarlet oak (u) rhe BY A. we Quercus palustris pin oak (u) he YY OY A. (le Quercus phellos willow oak (u) he V2 BY A. we Quercus rubra northern red oak (u) he BY A. we Mm Quercus shumardii Shumard oak (&) *e BY A. we Quercus virginiana live oak SZeEmeVveoOn Mh Robinia pseudoacacia black locust (e) Me A, % 2. Salix nigra black willow rhe A, tm Sassafras albidum sassafras (ue) he A, ue Styrax americana American snowbell (S) *e A, 6 we MH Taxodium ascendens pond cypress @ A. lig Taxodium distichum bald cypress (e) ee ve Thuja occidentalis arborvitae SoA 4a Tilia americana basswood (@) he A, 2 & Tsuga canadensis Canada hemlock ZEA Hh %. Tsuga caroliniana Carolina hemlock Cea TTY SHRUBS Aesculus pavia red buckeye Ee OY A. at Alnus serrulata smooth alder (&) *8¢ A, *. ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS @ cover for wildlife (ey nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer y food for birds r\y food for mammals ef% food for caterpillars LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS ed spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers winter flowers 2. fragrance Re we fall foliage color tnd screening shade and cooling Mees evergreen ground cover é edible fruits for deciduous ground cover humans 325
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Aronia arbutifolia Aronia melanocarpa Callicarpa americana Calycanthus floridus Ceanothus americanus Cephalanthus occidentalis Clethra alnifolia Cornus stolonifera Corylus americana Cyrilla racemiflora Diervilla sessilifolia Dirca palustris Euonymus americanus Fothergilla gardenii Franklinia alatamaha Hamamelis virginiana Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea quercifolia Hypericum densiflorum Hypericum Iloydii Ilex decidua Ilex glabra Ilex verticillata Illicium floridanum 326 red chokeberry black chokeberry beautyberry Carolina allspice New Jersey tea buttonbush sweet pepperbush redstem dogwood, red osier dogwood American hazelnut titi southern bush honeysuckle leatherwood American strawberry bush dwarf fothergilla Franklin tree witch hazel smooth hydrangea oakleaf hydrangea bushy St. John’s wort sandhill St. John’s wort possumhaw holly inkberry winterberry Florida anise eV wn. Se Vv on. Ae LA. eA. 2° A. 8° A. Ef A. 8° LA. 2° 6Y A. (©) 8 A, At A. Va. Va. 2° A. At A. Oa 8° A. 8° A. 2° A. 8° A. (Be a, ree an. Ae VA, POA He we MR He we M, it we ae we D. 5 at Me D. iE Me B. ae Me 86 HE Me Hh, % at We we eB a Me HE we Mh, % i We te ita we ih
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Itea virginica Kalmia latifolia Leucothoé axillaris Leucothoé racemosa Lindera benzoin Lyonia lucida Neviusia alabamensis Pinckneya pubens Physocarpus opulifolius Ptelea trifoliata Rhododendron atlanticum Rhododendron austrinum Rhododendron calendulaceum Rhododendron canescens Rhododendron maximum Rhododendron minus Rhododendron periclymenoides Rhododendron prunifolium Rhododendron viscosum Rhus aromatica ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS f@ cover for wildlife (e) nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer 54 food for birds r\} food for mammals ef% food for caterpillars Virginia sweetspire mountain laurel coastal doghobble swamp doghobble spicebush fetterbush snow wreath pinkneya common ninebark hoptree coastal azalea Piedmont flame azalea flame azalea wild azalea great laurel, rosebay laurel Carolina rhododendron pink azalea, pinxter azalea plumleaf azalea swamp azalea fragrant sumac 8° A. {4 ©) *S¢ A, {9 8° A, wae (©) *Be Ya, {9 *8° A. 2° A. rae 2° A. 8° A. Ef A. en Ef A. Af A. {9 *8f A. {3 *8f A, 8° A. Sf A. At A. Se VA. LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS % spring flowers % summer flowers % fall flowers % winter flowers ©) = fragrance we fall foliage color a Me ih = lit ae We ae Me * i ie we it we x oe weDB ae we ae We xe Me @. o iif ae Me it ae Me B. it we it We BD. it we TTY screening a shade and cooling Reese Be evergreen ground cover 6 edible fruits for SS deciduous ground cover humans 327
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Robinia hispida Rosa carolina Rosa virginiana Sambucus canadensis Staphylea trifoliata Stewartia malacodendron Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Taxus floridana Vaccinium ashei Vaccinium corymbosum Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum dentatum Viburnum nudum Viburnum prunifolium Xanthorhiza simplicissima Zenobia pulverulenta bristly locust Carolina rose Virginia rose elderberry bladdernut silky camellia coralberry Florida yew rabbiteye blueberry highbush blueberry mapleleaf viburnum arrowwood viburnum smooth witherod, possumhaw blackhaw yellowroot honeycup A. eV eV A. 2 aeVa. Sf A. (©) SA. Bevan Svan. eV A Ae A. eV A. Se Vn. Se A. ©) SV a. 8? A. um eB 7 x BO | ewe Xe Me, i rN er xO | ewe VINES Aristolochia macrophylla Bignonia capreolata Campsis radicans Clematis virginiana Decumaria barbara Gelsemium sempervirens Lonicera sempervirens 328 Dutchman's pipe cross vine trumpet vine virgin’s bower climbing hydrangea Carolina jessamine coral honeysuckle Sf A. 2° A. @) 8 A. 2° A. »ae fo ~8e Se A.
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS VINES, continued Parthenocissus quinquefolia Passiflora incarnata Smilax smallii Vitis rotundifolia Wisteria frutescens Virginia creeper passion vine Jackson vine fox grape, muscadine American wisteria ae YA. »Ae GY LA. i he Wn, he OY A. 8° A. eS ith @ ye Me B HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS Amsonia ciliata Arisaema triphyllum Asarum canadense Asclepias perennis Asclepias tuberosa Aster dumosus Aster oblongifolius Baptisia alba Chrysogonum virginianum Conradina canescens Crinum americanum Echinacea purpurea Eryngium yuccifolium Erythrina herbacea ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS vd cover for wildlife ( nest sites for birds fringed bluestar Jack-in-the-pulpit Canada ginger aquatic milkweed butterfly weed bushy aster aromatic aster wild white indigo green and gold false rosemary swamp lily purple coneflower button snakeroot coral bean AC LA. Va Ef A. At A. 8° A. mE A. Ef A. ~Ee wae »ae Se YL. 2° A. Se VA. ae we 5 oe EE y food for birds r\y food for mammals wae pollen and/or nectar ef%e food for caterpillars producer LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS xt spring flowers % summer flowers % fall flowers x winter flowers whe fall foliage color Gg 2. fragrance a ese evergreen ground cover ae deciduous ground cover TE screening » shade and cooling é edible fruits for humans 329
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND Eupatorium coelestinum Eupatorium fistulosum Helianthus angustifolius Hexastylis arifolia Hibiscus coccineus Hibiscus moscheutos Impatiens capensis Iris fulva Iris virginica Liatris elegans Liatris spicata Lobelia cardinalis Mitchella repens Monarda didyma Nymphaea odorata Pachysandra procumbens Peltandra virginica Penstemon smallii Phlox carolina Phlox nivalis Phlox pilosa Phlox subulata Pontederia cordata Rudbeckia hirta 330 BULBS, continued mistflower hollowstem Joe-Pye weed swamp sunflower jug plant cardinal hibiscus swamp rose-mallow jewelweed Louisiana iris blue-flag iris pinkscale blazing star spiked blazing star cardinal flower partridgeberry beebalm white waterlily Alleghany spurge arrow arum Small's beardtongue tall phlox trailing phlox downy phlox moss pink pickerel-weed black-eyed Susan eA en eA SA. Sf A. Sf A. 2° A. Sf A. 2° A. Sf A. Bf A. ~ae Sf A. Se an. whe SA. Sf A. 2° A. A. Sn. @ Sa. 2° A. a DB. ae % Boe Bee He We 2. xt x 3 5° 3 x * * * * 2 * x SEY Bey * DB
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND Ruellia caroliniensis Salvia coccinea Scutellaria incana Sisyrinchium angustifolium Solidago sempervirens Teucrium canadense Tradescantia ohiensis Vernonia angustifolia BULBS, continued scarlet sage hoary skullcap blue-eyed grass wood sage spiderwort tall ironweed Carolina wild petunia seaside goldenrod GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES Andropogon gerardii Carex plantaginea Chasmanthium latifolium Eragrostis spectabilis Juncus effusus Muhlenbergia capillaris Panicum virgatum Schizachyrium scoparium Scirpus cyperinus Sorghastrum nutans Stenotaphrum secundatum ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS & cover for wildlife @ nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer big bluestem seersucker sedge river oats purple lovegrass common rush pink muhly switchgrass little bluestem Indian grass y food for birds (\) food for mammals ef%e food for caterpillars 8° A. At A. 2° A. »e 8° A. ~ae 8° A. 2° A. LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS {9 8° A, A {9 8° A, {3 8 A, {9 *8f A, ee xXXOXd REE x] * bulrush, woolgrass St. Augustine grass AP A. fo *& At A. we LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers HEte winter flowers {2 8 A, {9 8 A, ue fall foliage color ® 2. fragrance mee evergreen ground cover oe deciduous ground cover HE OMMtM ita screening na shade and cooling 4 edible fruits for humans 331
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS FERNS Adiantum capillus-veneris Adiantum pedatum Asplenium platyneuron Athyrium asplenioides Dryopteris xaustralis Dryopteris ludoviciana Onoclea sensibilis Osmunda cinnamomea Osmunda regalis Phegopteris hexagonoptera Polystichum acrostichoides Thelypteris kunthii Thelypteris noveboracensis Woodwardia areolata Woodwardia virginica ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS 7 cover for wildlife ca nest sites for birds whe pollen and/or nectar producer 332 y food for birds r\ J food for mammals of food for caterpillars southern maidenhair fern northern maidenhair fern ebony spleenwort southern lady fern Dixie wood fern southern wood fern sensitive fern cinnamon fern royal fern broad beech fern Christmas fern southern shield fern New York fern netted chain fern chain fern e222??? NS Oo LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS % spring flowers % summer flowers % fall flowers xt winter flowers a ne a SS a whe oly ee He de ie we fall foliage color 2. fragrance evergreen ground cover a deciduous ground cover ita screening na shade and cooling 6 edible fruits for humans
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHWEST by Amy Belk, design assistant, Zona Gardens, Tucson BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES Abies concolor Acer grandidentatum Calocedrus decurrens Celtis reticulata Chilopsis linearis Cupressus arizonica Fraxinus velutina Juniperus deppeana Juniperus monosperma Picea pungens Pinus aristata Pinus contorta Pinus flexilis Pinus ponderosa Pinus strobiformis Pseudotsuga menziesii Robinia neomexicana SHRUBS Acacia farnesiana Amorpha canescens Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Artemisia cana Artemisia tridentata white fir bigtooth maple incense cedar netleaf hackberry desert willow Arizona cypress velvet ash alligator juniper one-seed juniper blue spruce bristlecone pine lodgepole pine limber pine ponderosa pine southwest white pine Douglas fir New Mexico locust f © Se OA. Eee SeEeVven ©)" On. BEV ean. we On BEeVven SEeVvan we On. SEeVveon Seeve SEeVvon BEeVven SEeVvon SExwve SExwVve SExwvVven sweet acacia lead plant bearberry silver sage sagebrush {9 (&) *8e ay Se @Y A. Se 2 @Y A. 4 wee VON SeEeVvera 2 ith Ht we M, > ih #, HE Mle Me, Oe HE HD. He, & ith %. Oe wie HA, & hh &. & ih %. & ith &. => ih &, we <2 ith & ith &, & ith &. & ih &, > ith ®. Me HD. M, HE HD. H. Ht He oe Ht Xe BD. tl He Xe DB ih 383
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHWEST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Berberis haematocarpa Cercocarpus montanus Chrysothamnus nauseosus Dendromecon rigida Encelia farinosa Fendlera rupicola Forestiera neomexicana Heteromeles arbutifolia Holodiscus dumosus Larrea tridentata Philadelphus microphyllus Prunus besseyi Purshia tridentata Rhus trilobata Ribes aureum desert holly mountain mahogany rabbitbrush bush poppy brittlebush cliff fendlerbush New Mexico privet | Christmas berry cliff spirea | creosote bush littleleaf mock orange western sand cherry antelope bitterbush | skunkbush sumac golden currant {9 (©) Se VOY A. CeExeVvern fs ee VOY weEweVve 9 *8e OY .A. we~eVvey 4 SV OA. 4 @seVvey 4 &) Se OY eevee &) eV 6 eEseVven 4 eEeVveyrn &) eV On. SereVveyan ue B. Ml oo ae 3 Me Al mom || | sd | * DB HE HE HE B. ae We Mh, He DMRS HE Hk Ve Me a & ih aE We B. 66 We eB we eB HE Me B.S oe Mle B. 66 Rosa stellata desert rose WAYA \} HE HE he Shepherdia argentea silver buffaloberry BEeVOn “~§2 moO Yucca baccata | broadleaf yucca fH (&) ~e BY A. | %% D. MAM OO oN Rae a SOeOn (+k Qmas VINES Clematis columbiana Rocky Mountain clematis fre Clematis ligusticifolia Maurandya antirrhiniflora Vitis arizonica western virgin’s bower snapdragon vine canyon grape fo ely Be V A, SeEeVv ea + Oe * 2. +e | HARE
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS Agastache cana Allium cernuum Aquilegia caerulea Aquilegia chrysantha Asclepias speciosa Asclepias tuberosa Aster bigelovii Baileya multiradiata Berlandiera lyrata Callirhoe involucrata Castilleja integra Cleome serrulata Dalea jamesii Dichelostemma pulchellum Echinacea purpurea Epilobium canum Eriogonum corymbosum Eriogonum umbellatum Erysimum asperum Eschscholzia californica ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS @ cover for wildlife (¥) nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer wild hyssop pink nodding onion Rocky Mountain columbine golden-spurred columbine showy milkweed butterfly weed purple aster desert marigold chocolate flower wine cup Indian paintbrush Rocky Mountain beeplant James's dalea blue dicks purple coneflower hummingbird trumpet buckwheatbrush sulphur-flower buckwheat western wallflower California poppy foe Se GYA. he Vn. {9 eV wn, A? A. 2° A. ete re se se OY A. eV A. {9 Se Vn, fa *8 @Y whe OY Be oA. {9 8 OY A. 7 &) ee VO A. & eV OA. he @Y A. {9 *8° A, YY food for birds r\y food for mammals ef%» food for caterpillars LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS spring flowers summer flowers fall flowers HEe winter flowers we fall foliage color 2. fragrance ee He D ae tee Be HH BE bee BD * 2 HE HE *# QE HHHE ee HHHEBS ae x 2. ee D te te He te te Uh ate te BE a 2 Hee BD * Qe tia screening am shade and cooling evergreen ground cover dé edible fruits for Se deciduous ground cover humans 335
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE SOUTHWEST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS, continued Helianthus maximiliani Heuchera pulchella Hymenoxys grandiflora Ipomoea leptophylla Ipomopsis aggregata Iris missouriensis Liatris punctata Liatris spicata Lupinus argenteus Melampodium Jeucanthum Mirabilis multiflora Oenothera missouriensis Oenothera speciosa Penstemon barbatus Penstemon grandiflorus Penstemon secundiflorus Polemonium foliosissimum Potentilla fruticosa Ratibida columnifera Rudbeckia hirta Salvia azurea Silene laciniata Sphaeralcea ambigua Tradescantia occidentalis 336 _ Maximilian sunflower mountain coral bells alpine sunflower bush morning glory scarlet gilia western blue flag dotted blazing star spiked blazing star silvery lupine Blackfoot daisy | desert four o'clock Missouri evening primrose Mexican evening primrose scarlet bugler large-flowered penstemon sidebells penstemon | Jacob's ladder shrubby cinquefoil Mexican hat Dlack-eyed Susan | blue sage Indian pink desert mallow western spiderwort BEeVveon fae wae rev a whe OY oe Seven SeVveon eV an. fuey Zea ea weVveon ey eV ee ee SOeVveon Sevan eV ON eve eve Seve od LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS HD ie He le ea EE eee HB. | eH oe * aE HM De BS ee BE HBO Reese IE ua a * B. Ee We te EHH #2 rr: 3 HE HE HE HE ME EE
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS, continued Zinnia grandiflora prairie zinnia "St RE He ME GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES Andropogon gerardii Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilis Buchloe dactyloides Eragrostis intermedia Hierochloe odorata Panicum virgatum Schizachyrium scoparium Sorghastrum nutans Sporobolus wrightii Stipa tenuissima big bluestem purple three awn sideoats grama blue gramagrass buffalograss plains lovegrass sweetgrass switchgrass little bluestem Indian grass big sacaton FERNS Adiantum capillus-veneris Pteridium aquilinum Woodsia meomexicana ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS @ cover for wildlife (e) nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer y food for birds \y food for mammals ef% food for caterpillars Mexican feathergrass common maidenhair Western bracken fern New Mexico cliff fern weueyven. SEev en SEeVvoan SEeVvan SeeVveon. f 8" OY ee OY SExwVven BEeVven SEeVvaon SErxewve ee OY we @ & LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS % spring flowers 5 summer flowers EG 2. fragrance wl fall foliage color Fe FE We IE HE we HE He Me EE it ES ME Ht We SS He Ht ve HB we BE He we BS aE He We He Hk we HE He We ne ita screening shade and cooling % fall flowers % winter flowers ae Be evergreen ground cover oe deciduous ground cover edible fruits for humans 337
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST by Jane Hartline, founder of Sauvie Island Habitat Partnership BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME TREES Abies amabilis Abies concolor Abies grandis Abies procera Acer circinatum Acer macrophyllum Alnus rubra Arbutus menziesii Betula occidentalis Betula papyrifera Calocedrus decurrens Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Chrysolepis chrysophylla Cornus nuttallii Corylus cornuta Crataegus douglasii Frangula purshiana Fraxinus latifolia Larix occidentalis Lithocarpus densiflorus Malus fusca Picea engelmannii 338 Pacific silver fir white fir grand fir noble fir vine maple bigleaf maple red alder Pacific madrone water birch paper birch incense cedar Port Orford cedar J yellow cedar golden chinquapin Pacific dogwood beaked hazel Douglas hawthorn cascara Oregon ash tamarack tanbark oak Oregon crabapple Engelmann spruce ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS Savon. rac {9 (&) eV OY a. rac ye} 9 (©) Se VOY a. © VO a. San Seavey a. Seen, © an, 2EO0n CON SON Seeve {9 (&) Se a, SEVOn Seven SEeVvern BSEeVveon &) Se aeVve a. SeEsVOn { (e) »Se ith %, ith %, th %. ith 4%, ule ole Me, Ms. Dh, we Me, we Me, ith %, ith %, th %, * BD. ti Mos oe oo * *, *, ie MMA Se, He ti th o8 ith 4%.
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES, continued Picea sitchensis Pinus contorta Pinus lambertiana Pinus ponderosa Populus trichocarpa Pseudotsuga menziesii Quercus chrysolepis Quercus garryana Quercus kelioggii Quercus vaccinifolia Salix scouleriana Sequoiadendron giganteum Taxus brevifolia Thuja plicata Tsuga heterophylla Umbellularia californica Sitka spruce lodgepole pine sugar pine ponderosa pine black cottonwood Douglas fir canyon live oak Garry oak California black oak huckleberry oak Scouler’s willow giant sequoia western yew western red cedar western hemlock California bay laurel { (&) { (©) ~Be rac we &) Se OA. Seeva, & (&) *B¢ OY A. © Se V Oa. 4 (©) Be V OY a. 4 ©) eV OY an, 4 &) Seen 4 @ 4 SZEVvOn Severn weeve CY ith %. ith 4%. ith 4. 2 ih &. a, ith #. ith h, we ue, tid itd %. > Uhh %, ith %. * BD. ti os SHRUBS Amelanchier alnifolia Arctostaphylos columbiana western serviceberry hairy manzanita SEeVvon SEeVvan He Mle Hh os ¥ D. ti oo ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS @ cover for wildlife ¥ food for birds % spring flowers ca nest sites for birds (\} food for mammals 5 wae pollen and/or nectar ef% food for caterpillars % fall flowers producer na screening na shade and cooling aera Bs evergreen ground cover éo edible fruits for humans le fall foliage color OQ summer flowers 2. fragrance winter flowers oS deciduous ground cover 339
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, continued BOTANICAL NAME SHRUBS, continued Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ceanothus integerrimus Ceanothus prostratus Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Cercocarpus montanus Chrysolepis sempervirens Cornus sericea Empetrum nigrum Euonymus occidentalis Garrya elliptica Gaultheria ovatifolia Gaultheria shallon Holodiscus discolor Kalmia microphylla Kalmiopsis leachiana Ledum glandulosum Ledum groenlandicum Leucothoé davisiae Lithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides Lonicera involucrata Mahonia aquifolium Mahonia nervosa Myrica californica 340 COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS kinnikinnik deerbrush Mahala mat blueblossum mountain mahogany bush chinquapin redstem dogwood, red osier dogwood crowberry western wahoo silk-tassel bush Oregon wintergreen salal oceanspray bog laurel kalmiopsis trapper's tea Labrador tea western leucothoe tanbark oak twinberry Oregon grape low Oregon grape California wax myrtle BeVON. BZOeVvon (e) 8" OY () *8? OY A. OVA AY (ye) he V2 OY A. € {9 () ~Be {9 (&) ~Be fo he OY 9 ©) Be OY an. AG we fo ~he {4 &) ~e @Y fe & & ~Se vd we BEeVON CEeVOn © eV Oa. { © Se at we HB ae ae % 2B Me it % B a ie ie Me B. ve Me x *% =~ @ tt % ~~ Bhi ae HD. HE Ht oe Me Mh oe * Ml os %t B.
BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Myrica gale Paxistima myrsinites Penstemon fruticosus Philadelphus lewisii Physocarpus capitatus Potentilla fruticosa Rhododendron macrophyllum Rhododendron occidentale Rhus glabra Ribes sanguineum Rosa nutkana Rubus parviflorus Rubus spectabilis Sambucus cerulea Sorbus sitchensis Spiraea douglasii Symphoricarpos albus Vaccinium ovatum Vaccinium oxycoccus Vaccinium parvifolium ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS sweetgale Oregon box shrubby penstemon mock orange Pacific ninebark shrubby cinquefoil Pacific rhododendron western azalea smooth sumac red-flowering currant Nootka rose - thimbleberry salmonberry blue elderberry Sitka mountain ash rose spirea snowberry evergreen huckleberry cranberry red huckleberry fo Be &) f (=) *Be 4 ©) SA. {9 (©) *8¢ OY A. {@ (&) * (Se A. f &) ~se f &) ee VOY A. & eV OYA. weeVea f ~8 @Y ersev ey eevee a. we {4 ©) S.A, &) eV OA. we eVeya. fo ~Be @& eV OA. LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS 5 *%* ae HE ae HD. % HE HE we ae ED ae He We xt @0 % B 3 €0 it @8 3% ee ae we *% 3 il oo ae at Me oo ita screening shade and cooling ule fall foliage color & ~Yy summer flowers ee fragrance ¥ food for birds a food for mammals f% food for caterpillars 7 cover for wildlife spring flowers (ey) nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer a Sei. evergreen ground cover 6 edible eciber fruits for humans fall flowers HE M winter flowers a deciduous ground cover 341
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ’ LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS SHRUBS, continued Viburnum edule moosewood viburnum SEeVvon at we VINES Lonicera ciliosa Lonicera hispidula Vitis californica trumpet honeysuckle hairy honeysuckle western wild grape were ve SeEwve seve a Te HE Me BD. Me, HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS Achlys triphylla Aconitum columbianum Alchillea millefolium Aquilegia formosa Aralia californica Aruncus dioicus Asarum caudatum Aster subspicata Campanula rotundifolia Clematis hirsutissima Clinopodium douglasii Cornus canadensis Corydalis scouleri Darmera peltatum Dicentra formosa Eriophyllum lanatum Erythronium oreganum Fragaria chiloensis Fragaria virginiana 342 vanilla leaf Columbian monkshood yarrow red columbine western aralia goat's beard long-tailed wild ginger Douglas aster harebell hairy clematis yerba buena bunchberry corydalis umbrella plant western bleeding heart Oregon sunshine fawn lily coastal strawberry wild strawberry 7 8° A. At A. 8° A. 2° A. ~ae 7 2° A. 8° @Y .A. ~ae fo 8 @Y ~ae ~ae vee At A. {fo Be At A. {9 eV OY a. ~ae MH DES oreo Re RS DOXXT
x 4 BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS, continued Geranium oreganum Geranium viscosissimum Heuchera micrantha Iliamna rivularis Iris tenax Lilium columbianum Linnaea borealis Lupinus polyphyllus Maianthemum dilatatum Maianthemum racemosum Mertensia paniculata Mimulus guttatus Oenothera biennis Oxalis oregana Penstemon serrulatus Sedum spathulifolium Sidalcea campestris Sisyrinchium bellum Solidago canadensis Tellima grandiflora ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS & cover for wildlife (Ca nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer Oregon geranium sticky purple geranium small-flowered alumroot streambank wild hollyhock Oregon iris tiger lily twinflower bigleaf lupine false lily-of-the-valley false Solomon's-seal tall bluebells monkey flower evening primrose redwood sorrel Cascade penstemon common stonecrop meadow checkermallow western blue-eyed grass Canada goldenrod fringecup ween. GF EENNCK ¢¢ § 5 ae oY we A. eA, ae BS ° % tte ae we o e) cello) Piel oll co Maal ns Mal % A m ¥ food for birds r\} food for mammals of food for caterpillars LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS x spring flowers % summer flowers % fall flowers * winter flowers we fall foliage color 2. fragrance 4 Bo evergreen ground cover Se deciduous ground cover na screening a shade and cooling éo edible fruits for humans 343
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL.FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AND BULBS, continued Thermopsis montana Tiarella trifoliata Trientalis arctica Trillium ovatum Vancouveria hexandra Viola glabella Zigadenus elegans GRASSES, SEDGES, AND RUSHES Carex obnupta Carex praegracilis Danthonia californica Deschampsia cespitosa golden pea threeleaf foamflower northern starflower Western white vancouveria stream violet mountain death camas 2° A. wae ~ae »ae ay vd 9 *8 A, ae HE XX etesen eseges RRF DOOOT ae HEE * a Me Re slough sedge clustered field sedge California oatgrass tufted hairgrass weve wan. VO. sey les Festuca roemeri Roemer's fescue YY Juncus patens spreading rush @ (e) Y x oS Koeleria macrantha prairie June grass Yy r\} xt FERNS Adiantum pedatum maidenhair fern & Asplenium trichomanes Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Gymnocarpium dryopteris Pellaea atropurpurea Polypodium glycyrrhiza Polystichum munitum Woodwardia fimbriata 344 spleenwort, maidenhair spleenwort lady fern deer fern oak fern purple cliffbrake licorice fern sword fern giant chain fern = SRY cees 0.0.4 SoS] nO Metcten
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE MIDWEST AND MOUNTAIN STATES by Jim McCormac, author of Birds of Ohio BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES Abies balsamea Acer pensylvanicum Acer rubrum Acer saccharum Acer saccharinum Alnus incana Alnus viridis Amelanchier arborea Betula alleghaniensis Betula nigra Betula papyrifera Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya ovata Celtis occidentalis Cercis canadensis Cornus alternifolia Crataegus crus-galli balsam fir striped maple red maple sugar maple silver maple gray alder mountain alder downy serviceberry, shadblow serviceberry yellow birch river birch paper birch ironwood bitternut hickory shagbark hickory common hackberry redbud alternate-leaf dogwood cockspur hawthorn A)Y RD @ @ RY AD OV ea. (&) Be OY .A, (©) 8 A, ae Vn. (©) *8 A. OVvOn UVa (&) Be GY a. () Se YA. () Be a. (©) Se WA, (©) *8? A. eA. 2 Oa. ) Me OY LA. (©) *8° A. (&) Se Y OY A. (&) *e VY OYA. eth He We Me, ae We He Me ae Mle MR, He Wie Me, He Me My, at Wie Bos a we He Me M, ae Mle BR, ae we Hh, ae Wie Be, He Mle Be, at Mie MR, He Mle MA, He Me Me, He Me MR, ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS tha screening a shade and cooling ee . : ee evergreen ground cover ¢o edible fruits for humans ve fall foliage color 2. fragrance y food for birds % spring flowers (\} food for mammals f% food for caterpillars @ cover for wildlife @ nest sites for birds wae pollen and/or nectar producer % summer flowers x fall flowers x winter flowers Se deciduous ground cover 345
SELECTED PLANTS FOR THE MIDWEST AND MOUNTAIN STATES, continued BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS TREES, continued Diospyros virginiana Euonymus atropurpureus Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus americana Fraxinus nigra Gleditsia triacanthos Gymnocladus dioicus Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra Juniperus virginiana Larix laricina Liriodendron tulipifera Malus ioensis Morus rubra Nyssa sylvatica Ostrya virginiana Picea glauca Picea mariana Pinus banksiana Pinus resinosa Pinus rigida Pinus strobus Platanus occidentalis Populus deltoides 346 persimmon eastern wahoo, burning bush American beech white ash black ash honey locust Kentucky coffee tree butternut black walnut red cedar tamarack tulip tree wild crabapple red mulberry black gum American hop hornbeam white spruce black spruce Jack pine red pine pitch pine white pine American sycamore eastern cottonwood Seen. ©) eV OA. ct \ re Ae 6) A. (©) *S* A. ©) *¢ OYA. (©) 8? A, car \ we rac we ZOVvOn Severn —BOeVOn SEeVveoyn Seve BOeVON SOV On Sevan £OVveOn SEVOn SEVOn SEVOn 2OVOn Son 2OOn NRO ADA He Mle B68 ae Me Mh, ae Me teem ae We ae we ae Me MS ae ee eA ae Me Hh, Tr a Me os Ee 68 ae Mle Be, | te We Mam, 2 Mh Me, em, eh. sm eh. He ete te eh