2026

Published byThe Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityDr. D.G.S. Dinakaran Salai, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai-600 028.Published byThe Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityDr. D.G.S. Dinakaran Salai, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai-600 028.The Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative ArtsVolume No:1 2026

Published byThe Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityDr.D.G.S.Dinakaran Salai, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai- 600 028Volume No:1 2026The Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts

Typeset & Printed by COMPUPRINTChennai 600 086www.compuprint.inCopyright © The Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityEditor in Chief : Dr. S. SowmyaPublished byThe Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityDr. D.G.S. Dinakaran Salai, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai- 600 028.

Editorial BoardDr. S. Sowmya, Editor in ChiefV. Sriram, EditorDr. Madhusudhanan Kalaichelvan, Associate EditorMs. Priya Murle, MemberDr. Radha Bhaskar, MemberMrs. Lakshmi Anand, MemberMs. Mala Manian, MemberDr. S. Elango, Member

ForewordIt is often said that art begins where words fail. For individuals with diverse physical, cognitive, or developmental needs, this is not merely a poetic sentiment but a functional reality. In the context of special education and therapeutic intervention, vital bridges between the internal world and the external community are formed by the canvas, the clay, the movement and the rhythm. This edition of the Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts arrives at a pivotal moment. As our understanding of neurodiversity and accessibility evolves, so too must our therapeutic toolkits. More than just successful interventions are documented by the articles collected here; the very definition of “communication” is challenged. Why Art Matters in This Context A unique, low-stakes environment is offered by art-related therapies, where the traditional constraints of logic, syntax and speed are replaced by exploration and sensory engagement. Several key themes are explored by the contributors to this volume: Empowerment through Agency: A sense of autonomy is restored to individuals through the simple act of choosing a colour or texture, particularly when daily choices are often made for them by others. Sensory Integration: Nervous systems are regulated and environmental stimuli are processed through the use of tactile media.

Social Connectivity: Community is fostered and the isolation often felt by people with special needs is reduced through collaborative art-making. Cognitive Growth: Motor skills and executive functioning are improved by leveraging the plasticity of the creative brain. A Call to Action The dedication of therapist s, educators and most importantly, the artists themselves is evidenced by the research presented in these pages. It is reminded that “special needs” does not mean “lesser potential.” Rather, a specialized approach to unlocking the talent and perspective carried within every human being is invited. As these articles are navigated, the data points and case studies should be looked beyond. The courage in every brushstroke and the resilience in every melody are to be observed. It is hoped that continued innovation, deeper empathy and a more inclusive world, where every voice is heard, no matter how it is expressed, will be inspired by this collection.The Editor-in-ChiefThe Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University

ContentsThe Use of Nāṭya as a Holistic Developmental Tool 1The Power of Nāṭya for People with Differing Abilities 4Impact of Art Forms in the Life of Young Adults with Special Needs 9Holistic Development of Children with Special Needs in Institutional and Non-Institutional Care Services: A Focus on Miracle’s Role16Happiness and Challenges in Training Persons with Special Needs 19Introduction to Dance and Movement Therapy23Rhythm and Brain of Persons with Autism and The Effect of Music Therapy29Healing Powers of Indian Music Therapy 44

K 1 LThe Use of Nāṭya as a Holistic Developmental ToolBy Dr. Ambika Kameshwar, Founder-Director,RASA - Academy for the Research and Performance of Indian Theatre ArtsNāṭya, deeply rooted in Indian tradition, encompasses a rich tapestry of artistic expressions including music, dance, drama, and crafts. More than a mere art form, Nāṭya is revered for its profound impact on personal and developmental growth, making it a potent tool in diverse educational and therapeutic settings.In understanding Nāṭya, one delves into its core component, abhinaya, which encompasses āṅgika (physical), vācika (verbal), āhārya (ornamental), and sāttvika (emotional) expressions. These elements mirror the complexities of life itself, offering a holistic approach to expression and understanding.Central to Nāṭya’s efficacy are its varied components. These components not only foster personal expression but also promote social interaction, self-confidence, and resilience. Transformative experiences abound, illustrating how Nāṭya can profoundly impact individuals’ lives, instilling a sense of purpose and achievement. The artistic tools serve as powerful developmental methods by harnessing the unique qualities of each of

K 2 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026the tools such as Drama, Dance & Movement, Music, Arts & Crafts, and Storytelling. Music within Nāṭya enhances emotional expression and auditory skills, while dance improves physical coordination and spatial awareness. Drama cultivates empathy and creativity, and arts & crafts foster fine motor skills and visual creativity. Together, these elements synergize to promote comprehensive development across cognitive, emotional, and physical domains.Development, as Nāṭya underscores, is a continuous process throughout life, requiring the acquisition of skills for optimal functioning in different contexts. This philosophy is embedded in Nāṭya’s practice, where participants engage in a journey of self-discovery and skill enhancement, regardless of age or background.Nāṭya’s transformative potential in holistic development is exemplified by its application in special settings. While working with children or individuals with differing needs, Nāṭya has shown remarkable results in enhancing mobility, communication skills, and emotional expression. Through structured activities and creative expression, Nāṭya empowers individuals to overcome barriers and discover new avenues for personal growth.Personally, my work with special needs individuals highlights Nāṭya’s adaptability and effectiveness in tailored interventions. By customizing theatre activities to meet individual needs, I have witnessed firsthand the positive outcomes and lasting impact on participants. Success stories underscore Nāṭya’s ability to transcend limitations and unlock hidden potentials, reaffirming its status as a timeless methodology for personal and developmental growth.

K 3 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityThus does Nāṭya emerges not only as an art form of cultural significance but also as a dynamic catalyst for holistic development. Its ability to nurture creativity, empathy, and communication skills makes it indispensable in contemporary educational and therapeutic practices. As we explore Nāṭya’s manifold benefits, we recognize its enduring role in shaping human potential and fostering well-being across diverse communities. Through its expressive and transformative power, Nāṭya continues to inspire and enrich lives, embodying a timeless ethos of inclusivity and empowerment.

K 4 LThe Power of Nāṭya for People with Differing AbilitiesDr. Vaishnavi Poorna, Deputy Director – RASA – Ramana Sunritya AalayaThe Magic of Nāṭyaआङ�िकंं भुुवनंं यस्य, वााच�कंं सर्वववााङ्मयम््।आहाार्यंं चन्द्रताारााद�, तंं नमःः साात�िकंं श�वम््॥Whose body expresses the entire universe,Whose voice encompasses all forms of speech,Whose accessories are the moon and stars —To that pure and auspicious one, we offer our salutations.This benedictory verse from Abhinaya Darpaṇa is an obeisance to Lord Śiva. When we delve deeper into this slōka, we realise ஒவ்வொ�ொரு அசைைவும் ஆங்கிகம்,ஒவ்வொ�ொரு சொொல்லும் வாாசிகம்,ஒவ்வொ�ொரு பொ�ொருளும் ஆஹாாரியம்,ஒவ்வொ�ொரு உணர்வும் சாாத்த்விகம்

K 5 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityEvery movement is Āṅgika, Every sound is Vācika, Every item in the world is Āhārya and Every experience is Sātvika. Lord Brahma has given to this world a wonderful Vēda called Nāṭya Vēda primarily to provide a source of entertainment as well as a productive way of spending time for the Dēva-s and Asura-s. This was taught to Bharata Muni. He in turn taught this Vēda to his 100 sons and it has come down to this world as a treatise called Nāṭya Śastra. Bharata says,न तज्ज्ञाानंं न तच�िल्पंं न साा वद्याा न साा कलाा ।नाासौौ योोगोो न तत्कर्ममनााट्येेऽसिन्् यन्न दृृश्यतेे ॥ No science, no art,No yoga, and no actionThat is not found in this drama (Nāṭya)(N.S.I.116)Human life is like a stage where each person plays many roles in different situations. For example, think of a householder. At home, he is a husband, a son, and a father. When he takes care of his child, he becomes a caregiver. When he helps his elderly parents, he is still a caregiver, but in a different way. At work, he may be a team leader, a junior to his boss, or even take on tasks like a technician, depending on what is needed. While travelling, he might be a driver or a passenger. Back at home, he becomes a playmate to his children, a helper to his parents, and a friend to his wife. He moves through all these roles naturally, without even thinking about it. Each

K 6 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026role has its own way of speaking, behaving, and feeling. This shows that daily life is full of performance, just like in theatre. The tools of theatre—awareness, presence, and flexibility—help us understand and express ourselves better in these roles.Holistic Empowerment for Individuals with Differing AbilitiesHolistic Empowerment is where an individual gets empowered simultaneously in multiple areas of development. The secret of the touch of Nāṭya is - the individual enjoys the process and gains multifarious benefits without even realising. Individuals with differing abilities possess a unique fluidity in their expressions and a profound sense of surrender, which allows them to engage deeply with experiential processes. When a powerful and multidimensional medium like Nāṭya is employed for their holistic empowerment, the outcomes are both transformative and deeply fulfilling. By integrating tools such as dance, drama, music, storytelling, and art and craft, the theatre arts offer a rich, multisensory approach to learning and self-expression. This methodology yields visible and measurable progress across various domains of development—including physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual growth. The process is not only effective but also inherently joyful, allowing individuals to explore their potential in an environment of creativity, acceptance, and shared celebration.The tools of Nāṭya offer powerful ways to support holistic development. Each one contributes in a unique way:• Movement / Dance: Helps with physical coordination, builds fitness, and supports gross motor development. It also improves attention, eye-hand coordination, directionality, and laterality.

K 7 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University• Music: Strengthens listening skills, encourages creativity, and helps in sound discrimination, pitch, tone, voice modulation, and speech development.• Drama: Supports the development of social and emotional skills. It helps individuals understand time and place, express emotions, and build relationships.• Storytelling: Helps convey morals and values, supports concept formation, builds creativity, and enhances imagination.• Art and Craft: Improves fine motor skills, helps in color identification, texture recognition, and supports sensory awareness. Together, these five tools awaken emotions that are often difficult to express in words, offering individuals a meaningful way to communicate and connect with the world around them.Applying Art Based Activities to People with Differing AbilitiesWhen we use art-based interventions specifically for individuals with differing abilities, it must be done in a systematic and thoughtful manner. It is a time-intensive process that requires patience, sensitivity, and consistency. After years of dedicated research and practical experience, this approach has been structured and codified by Dr. Ambika Kameshwar into what is now known as Theatre Arts for Holistic Development (TAHD). TAHD outlines a set of steps and processes through which the tools of Nāṭya—whether used individually or in combination—can be meaningfully applied. The learning process is mutual, fluid, and experience driven. It is through repeated and reflective practice that facilitators learn how to use these tools

K 8 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026most effectively, adapting them to the unique needs of each individual and context.The purpose of LifeThe first and most important goal of every person born on this earth is to be happy. But how do we really know what happiness is? We understand happiness through the experiences we have in life and the lessons we learn from them. Each experience helps us discover what true happiness means to us. When we go through life not just as someone playing different roles, but as someone who watches and understands these roles with awareness, we begin to see clearly what we really want. This kind of awareness helps us make better choices and feel more at peace. Nāṭya, or the performing arts, supports this process by helping us connect deeply with our experiences. It allows us to feel, reflect, and enjoy each moment, guiding us gently towards happiness—not by running away from life, but by understanding and embracing it fully.Life is an extended version of the stage; with constant awareness of each moment, we can truly discover ourselves and embrace life.

K 9 LImpact of Art Forms in the Life of Young Adults with Special NeedsBy Uma Swaminathan, Senior Consultant, Vocational Training Unit V-Excel, Shastri Nagar, AdyarIntroduction Special needs refer to individuals who have Cognitive, Emotional, Sensory, Developmental and Communication Challenges. Giving them creative outlets is very therapeutic. Music, Dance and other art forms contribute to their overall wellbeing and personal development. They use art for expression of their feeling where words fail them. Art forms can activate multiple areas of the brain.Music TherapyHelps to improve Cognitive functioning – Stimulates Brain function and helps to absorb what they see, understand and learn to emote. A way to express themselves.

K 10 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Emotional and Psychological needs –Soothing music can provide calmness and relaxes them. Helps to reduce anger, anxiety and stress. Rhythm - provides comfort and stability for special needs.Social skills -- Listening, Social Bonding - promotes confidence and expression.Our Experience -- The Role of Music for Special needs studentsTarang - • A Music & Dance program curated by V-excel especially for students with special needs.• It has been going on successfully for the past 15 years, month on month, at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.• All special children across the city are invited to come and enjoy.• Carnatic musicians, Film music singers, Dancers and Percussionists have performed on this platform.• Our children initially found it difficult to sit in a closed hall, too many lights or no lights can cause sensory issues.• Now they sit quietly, listen, do not walk out of the auditorium and most importantly enjoy themselves by singing and asking for their choice of songs too. This is indeed a big leap for them.• Bhajan classes pre and post Covid for our students every week have been very beneficial as they learn to sit and listen calmly, be in a group and sing along with the teacher. Expression improves.• We also have a choir and our students go and perform in different places.

K 11 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityCovid - • Covid was a tough period for one and all. When it came to special needs it was even more difficult to handle. • We had organized music sessions through Zoom, where artists performed online.• They were engaged in various activities along with music so that their rhythm did not get disturbed.Good Company -• Another great initiative for special needs to socialise and also perform within a small group.• They can either sing or play an instrument for their peers. They also get to learn songs, sing along• These sessions relax them, build friendships and improve their selfesteem.Dance & MovementYōga – • Yōga in the morning is part of our everyday routine. • It has helped improve flexibility and remove stiffness. Spatial awareness develops.• Prāṇayāma helps in improved breathing which in turn has helped them not to fall sick often.

K 12 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Physical & Motor development • We have dance masters coming and teaching them movements. • This helps to strengthen their muscles, follow instructions and imitate.• This sets a good rhythm in their everyday life• Another important aspect is improved gait. • We often find many of them struggle to keep alternate foot while climbing stairs. • Alternate foot tapping exercise helps in coordinated movement. Helps with a good balance while they walk.Enhanced Communication & Emotional Wellbeing Group dance activities help in discipline, team work, spatial and body awareness and mainly express emotions through movement. Stress is managed and self- esteem improves.Rhythm - An important aspect of Music & Dance• Many times we find our students tapping their fingers on the table.• During our visit to a temple, one of our newly joined trainees saw a percussion instrument kept there. He just went ahead and started playing it in his own way indicating his interest.• After attending the workshop here we had called Mr. Adithya Kamakshinadan to our centre for our New Year Celebration. He kept all our trainees enthralled. • They followed his instructions so well and also mimicked whatever he did. They were all engaged in group activity and played different

K 13 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts Universitypercussion instruments following his beat and it was a mesmerizing experience.Inclusion via Music & Dance• Another enriching experience we had very recently during our yearly trip with students.• On our trip to Ooty we saw a group of college students playing music and dancing in the Horticultural Garden.• Our trainees were very excited and went ahead and seamlessly mingled and introduced themselves, expressed themselves, asking to play a few songs and dancing merrily along with the group.• Power of Music made inclusion happen effortlessly.ART, CLAY WORK, PLAYArt – • Playing with colours has a very calming effect. It improves hand eye coordination and fine motor skills.• It helps to let out emotions. It is a wonderful medium for creative expression and imagination.• Among other festivals that we celebrate, Onam is an important one.• This encourages working in groups, sorting the flowers also helps with sensory integration which enables functioning effectively in daily life.Tattva • A wonderful initiative by V-excel to promote Art has been happening for three years.

K 14 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026• A special space for children with special needs to exhibit their talent. NGOs across Tamilnadu participate and display the work of their students. They also get a chance to meet famous artists and hear their valuable suggestions. This encourages them to explore more. • The curated work of students is on sale which in turn creates sustainable livelihood for them.Clay Work • Mrs. Margrette, our 80-year old volunteer, taught them to do masks, Ganesha etc. using clay.• The process wasn’t simple - Procuring clay from the potter, breaking it down to small pieces, powdering it and sieving it well and finally adding water, mixing it well and making required shapes. • All these steps helped a lot with gross motor skills and making shapes helped with fine motor skills.• The end product gave a sense of accomplishment and children got to see their work turning into a beautiful object.• We often find special needs people have difficulty carrying their bags, moving their luggage during travel, holding on to a railing while in public transport etc.We use different methods like clay work, paper mache work etc. which improves gross motor skills which helps them in holding their tumbler, bags etc. with a good grip.

K 15 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityRole Play• We often use Role play to get across important concepts like Good and Bad touch, expression of pain, safety etc. • As they have Photographic memory we are able to reach out mainly to the non-verbal students through play and videos.Conclusion• Music, Dance, Art etc. are very therapeutic, a medium which connects them to the rest of the world. It enhances communication, emotional expression and teaches boundaries.It helps them to develop essential life skills and live a dignified life in society.

K 16 LHolistic Development of Children with Special Needs in Institutional and NonInstitutional Care Services: A Focus on Miracle’s RoleBy Suganya Viswanathan, ManagerState Training and Quality Assurance – South Miracle FoundationMiracle is an organization dedicated to supporting the holistic development of children in Child Care Institutions (CCIs) and those transitioning to community-based or family-based settings. Our work spans both institutional care and non-institutional care services, with a core commitment to sustainable reintegration and inclusive rehabilitation.Our Impact and ApproachOver 900 children have been successfully reintegrated with families through Miracle’s structured Case Management Process. This ensures that each child’s emotional, social, educational, and physical needs are understood and met. As part of our larger effort, 52 CCIs across the state are being mentored to upgrade their knowledge, skills, and attitudes to better support children during and after transition.

K 17 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityWhile progress has been made, especially in promoting Family-Based Alternative Care, there remain visible gaps—particularly in identifying learning and behavioral challenges among children. Miracle advocates for an inclusive and sensitive approach, ensuring minimal disruption and maximum support during transitions.Value Addition to Institutional Care ServicesInstitutional caregivers and case workers play a pivotal role in child development. A key offering from Miracle is a specialized course designed for case workers to better engage with children. This training includes:• Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for caregivers• Access to skill enhancement and upskilling opportunities• Case Management Process: A five-step model that includes:1. Intake 2. Assessment3. Planning & Implementation4. Monitoring & follow up5. Review and ClosureAdditionally, creative therapies such as music, art, and theatre serve as powerful tools to support interventions across five key well-being domains—emotional, physical, cognitive, social, and spiritual—ensuring a more holistic approach to care.

K 18 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Value Addition to Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) ProgramsTransitioning a child back into the community requires more than just planning—it demands empathy, awareness, and community engagement. This course encourages participants to:• Understand the socio-cultural context of the child’s community• Anticipate and address both short- and long-term effects of sudden rehabilitation• Engage in community sensitization to foster inclusivity and accessibility• Go beyond therapy—participants should be trained to observe, analyze, and recommend sustainable opportunities for children and families• Identify and collaborate with key stakeholders involved in the child’s lifeImplement a monitoring and evaluation framework to track progress, measure outcomes, and ensure accountabilityConclusionThe holistic development of children with special needs requires a multilayered, interdisciplinary, and inclusive approach. Miracle’s contributions to both institutional and community-based care systems reflect a deep understanding of the needs of these children, and a commitment to helping them thrive in nurturing, inclusive environments. Through capacity building, tailored case management, and community engagement, Miracle continues to shape the future of child rehabilitation and reintegration in India.

K 19 LHappiness and Challenges in Training Persons with Special NeedsWrite-up by Dr Prabha Gurumurthy,Granddaughter of Cine actor/Singer Kalaimamani T R Mahalingam & CEO/Founder – Surya School of Music (Excl. for the differently abled).Training individuals with special needs is a profoundly rewarding yet challenging endeavour. It requires patience, creativity, and adaptability, but the joy of witnessing progress and development makes it a deeply fulfilling experience. Training the special needs gives us happiness but yet we need to face a lot of challenges.Happiness in Training Persons with Special Needs:Trainers experience immense joy when individuals achieve milestones, whether small or significant. Seeing someone with special needs learn a new skill, communicate effectively, or gain independence brings deep satisfaction. Trainers often build strong emotional bonds with their trainees, fostering a sense of mutual trust and appreciation. This connection enhances the learning process and creates a supportive environment.

K 20 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Helping individuals with special needs develop skills for self-sufficiency and integration into society is a meaningful contribution. Trainers take pride in knowing they are making a real difference in people’s lives.Working with persons with special needs fosters qualities like patience, empathy, and resilience in trainers, enriching their personal and professional lives. Every step forward, no matter how small, is a cause for celebration. These moments of joy reinforce the importance of persistence and dedication in training.The main challenge we face while training those with special needs is to make them understand that we are starting something new with them. They first will have to accept and enjoy what they do. But, once they feel comfortable, we cannot stop them doing that. Music makes them accept new places, new people and new activity and gives them happiness. And the appreciation which they get from that, make them change their behaviour. And their interest and involvement in music changes their lifestyle.The trainers also feel by training the special needs their life is meaningful and they get the satisfaction and happiness that they have done something good for society.Challenges in Training Persons with Special Needs:People with special needs have difficulty in accepting new places, new people and new activity. Thus, taking to music too becomes a challenge. More than that making them understand what we want them to do, creating

K 21 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts Universityan interest in that task, and making them perform the task is also a great challenge.Since every person with special needs has unique learning styles and challenges, trainers must tailor their teaching methods accordingly, which can be time-consuming and complex. Some individuals may exhibit behavioural difficulties that require specialized intervention strategies. Managing these behaviours while maintaining a productive learning environment can be challenging. The dedication required can be mentally and physically draining for trainers, especially when progress is slow or setbacks occur.Despite advancements in inclusivity, societal attitudes and structural barriers can hinder the full integration of individuals with special needs into educational and professional spaces. We will have to assess each student’s abilities, challenges, and interests. We need to consider sensory sensitivities, motor skills, and cognitive abilities. We should reinforce learning through repetition and positive reinforcement. We need to encourage group singing to develop social skills. But this is helpful for them while being in the class room set-up. If we make them to sing on stage then the group singing will not be as good as expected. Because each of the children has got their own unique way of singing they may not synchronise well on stage. In my own experience I have seen some children don’t like certain songs and get irritated. Most of the children they have a liking toward a specific song. We will have to identify if they have a natural interest in certain sounds, rhythms, or instruments. Some autistic children have perfect pitch or strong memory, which can be leveraged. We need to set a routine for

K 22 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026music lessons to create consistency. Repetition helps reinforce learning and comfort. Choosing familiar songs or simple melodies before advancing to complex pieces is important. Praising small achievements is necessary to build confidence. We should allow breaks if the child gets overwhelmed.Playing in small groups or duets can improve social skills definitely but again challenges arise when they perform on stage. Ensuring the setting is calm and supportive is a must. A music therapist trained in working with autistic children can offer tailored strategies.The teaching methodology is also very different for those with special needs. We cannot teach them line by line… their style of learning differs. Hence, we need to adapt to their learning style rather than forcing traditional teaching methods. But once they have learnt something they will never forget it. They become word perfect and do justice to that song, not even relying on sheets to read lyrics.Conclusion:While training persons with special needs presents unique challenges, the happiness and fulfilment derived from this work outweigh the difficulties. The ability to transform lives, foster independence, and create an inclusive society makes the effort truly worthwhile. With the right support, patience, and understanding, both trainers and learners can experience remarkable growth and success. But still, society needs to change and accept their talents and make them come up in their lives.

K 23 LIntroduction to Dance and Movement TherapyTalk by Aparna RamkrishnanDance Movement Therapy (DMT) is centered on the principles of body awareness and the utilization of movement for communication. Body awareness refers to the capacity to perceive and comprehend our body’s positioning, movement, and sensory experiences. This awareness encompasses an understanding of the interrelation between body parts and the ability to detect internal signals such as breath, heartbeat, and muscle tension.The Role of Movement: Human beings establish a connection with the world through their bodies, with movement serving as the enabler of this connection. The unique role of movement in human existence is a fascinating aspect, evident from the time we are in utero to the moment we take our first breath. It is instrumental in forming our sense of self and identity, as each individual’s movement is unique. The human body is inherently designed for movement, remaining in a perpetual state of motion even during apparent stillness.Subtle Movements and Vitality: The notion of stillness does not equate to stagnation. On the contrary, the body remains dynamic, characterized by the rhythm of breath and the pulsating heartbeat. This subtle yet continuous

K 24 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026movement is a testament to our vitality and our interconnectedness with the external environment. Movement plays a significant role in shaping human identity and influencing emotions, thoughts, and behaviours. It is through movement that individuals express themselves, connect with others, and navigate life, prompting introspection and contemplation.Design for Movement: The human body is structurally and functionally optimized for movement. From the coordination of muscles and joints to the neural pathways that govern actions, every component of the body is designed to facilitate movement. This capacity for movement allows individuals to engage with their environment in dynamic and meaningful ways. Daily life is significantly shaped by movement, from routine activities such as walking to complex actions like dance. Movement enables exploration, social interaction, and emotional expression.Daily Life and Movement: Movement serves as the fundamental thread that integrates various aspects of human existence, allowing individuals to fully engage with their surroundings. Daily experiences—sights, sounds, and sensations—are perceived through movement. For instance, auditory experiences involve internal vibrations within the ears, while visual and tactile stimuli evoke physical responses such as muscle relaxation in anticipation of rain.Rhythm and Motion: Daily life is characterized by subtle movements, each imbued with a unique rhythm. This internal rhythmic orchestration facilitates the seamless progression of life. From the rhythmic beating of the heart to the coordinated contractions and relaxations of muscles during walking, the body operates in a state of continuous motion. Awareness of these movements underscores the dynamic nature of human existence and the life force that drives it.

K 25 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityConclusion: In conclusion, movement transcends mere physical activity, encompassing the entire spectrum of human experience and interaction. Dance Movement Therapy leverages this intrinsic characteristic to enhance body awareness and facilitate communication through movement. By recognizing and embracing the perpetual dance of movement within the body, individuals can deepen their connection to themselves and the world around them.Talk by Smita RajanBefore I begin taking forward from Aparna on connection, let us interact with a game. Experiencing the Brain-Body dialogue:What is a common response to the question - How are you? - I am fine, or I am good, all well, rightNow let us try and speak out the same lines with different emotions, but this time consciously using the tools of our body and voice, allow yourself to stay with this feeling for a bit.It is easier for the body to notice and communicate the feeling, with or without verbal suggestions, or words. How many of you agree?In the game we played, what the body spoke was more authentic to the feeling, using gestures, eyes, voice, tone, etc. when compared to the words being said.

K 26 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026When the cue was given, the brain-body created a little dialogue to act and move a certain way, didn’t it? – Movement is the body’s way of responding to the brain, by saying, hey I got what you are feeling, let me respond.Movement communicatesMovement communicates just as much, if not more than our verbal communication and emotions are not only felt but also held in the bodyThe brain is built bottom-up, meaning, that when a situation needs some response, the bottom part of the brain is the first to send the response. What happens when we see a cockroach, we jump first and feel the fear later. The body talks to us, there is a fast heartbeat, the eye pupil is widened, and the feet are light so we can jump. The body communicates.This fear then stays in the body until the next action is taken to return to a calm state.This response network also works the other way around, when we feel sudden pangs of anxiety, palpitation, an unintentional feeling of stress, or irritation, we are snapping at people, it is the body’s way of communicating that- hello something is not going well, so give me some attention.The Emphasis on Non-Verbal Observation Communication and ExpressionThe emphasis on non-verbal communication makes this an especially beneficial therapy for individuals who find it difficult to articulate, release,

K 27 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts Universityor express their thoughts and feelings verbally. This is one of the primary reasons dance therapy is often used with children and adults who have been severely traumatized and aren’t ready or able to talk about their experience. It’s also the reason dance therapy can be particularly useful for individuals suffering from dementia, traumatic brain injury, impaired memory, developmental delays, learning disabilities, and autistic spectrum disorders.Dance therapy provides a safe and supportive environment for dignified self-expression via movement, something that may be foreign to many individuals – especially those who struggle with coordination problems, self-consciousness, poor body image, and low self-esteem. This element of dance therapy also helps bring people out of their comfort zone and experience new ways of expressing themselves.How Dance and Movement Therapy WorksWhen we can read our body’s cues- language and decode it so that we can take measures to come back to a state of calmness into a regulated body, we put the body in the driver’s seat to regulate our response, emotions, and feelings.So needless to say, when we talk about holistic wellness the integration of the body in therapy is imperative for optimal mental health functioning.A dance and movement therapist works with a client by encouraging the client to create his/her own movement patterns and assessing the body’s language, non-verbal behaviours and emotional expressions. Based on these observations, the therapist develops interventions to address the specific needs of the client.

K 28 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Becoming Body AwareSo dancers and artists who already have the profound ability to communicate intricate feelings non-verbally; easily get attuned to notice the non-verbal. This is why most Movement practitioners are also art practitioners and appreciators and are often very good at noticing the body’s responses. This group is already a bunch of appreciators, here is a simple noticing experience you can use with yourself and your family members.Take a moment to notice what your body is communicating right now, and how are you sitting. Are all of your feet touching the ground, is some part of your feet moving to a rhythm- what do you think your body is communicating right now? If you are feeling up for it, also notice your neighbour, what is their body communicating about their mood? Is there a shift in your heartbeat, or posture the moment you noticed it, if yes, congratulations you have just experienced being body aware!

K 29 LRhythm and Brain of Persons with Autism and The Effect of Music TherapyBy Dr Lakshmi, Music TherapistRhythmWhat is Rhythm?Rhythm is of 2 types.They are physiological rhythm and brain rhythm.Our heartbeat, palpitation, breathing, digestive system everything functions rhythmically. Even our sleep-wake cycle functions rhythmically.If there is abnormality in these rhythms it indicates various health issues.Brain RhythmWhat is brain rhythm?Our brain is pulsating rhythmically and emitting brain waves continuously.As a rule it vibrates in different frequencies depending upon the activities which we are engaged in, whether it is enjoying peaceful sleep or facing a ferocious predator.The slower the brain waves, the more relaxed and peaceful we become.

K 30 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Neurologists categorize the types of brain waves as:Delta Deep sleep Below 4 HzTheta Drowsy 4-7 HzAlpha In-between sleep/wake 8-13 HzBeta Writing, Reading 14-27Gama Running, Cycling, Swim Above 28Brain Rhythm and AutismScientific research says that the brain rhythm is abnormal for autism.How it can be calculated?It is calculated through EEG (Electro Encephalograph).How does the autistic brain differ?Let us see one by one. Before that, let us understand the physiology of our brain.The largest part of the brain is called the cerebrum, and it is symmetrically divided down the middle into the left and right hemispheres.Left and Right HemispheresEach hemisphere has its own cognitive functions and while it is true that one side may be more dominant than the other, they still work together and this is because they’re connected via the corpus callosum. Interestingly, each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body!

K 31 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityRight HemisphereFunction: The right hemisphere of the cerebrum is responsible for control of the left side of the body and is the more artistic and creative side of the brain.The right side of the brain is responsible for:Art awarenessCreative thinkingImaginationIntuitionInsightHolistic thoughtMusical awarenessInterpretation of 3D formsLeft-hand control Left Hemisphere: The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for control of the right side of the body, and is the more academic and logical side of the brain. The left side of the brain is responsible for:Analytical thoughtLogicLanguageReasoningScience and math processing

K 32 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026Writing abilityNumerical skillsRight-hand controlThe two hemispheres have their own tasks at the same time they need to coordinate with each other to accomplish the task. Example-Face recognition.How they are connecting? How are they passing the information from one part to other?Neurons play a major role here. We may know our brain is loaded with billions of neurons. Without neurons we are not here. Autism is a condition where some parts of the brain stop functioning. Some parts find hard to connect with other.Scientific research says that the Autistic brain does not have sufficient neurons. Especially they lack mirror neurons. Even if they have mirror neurons, they are dormant.Mirror neurons play a major role in learning. Corpus CallosumThis is a bridge-like structure which connects both the hemispheres. The information passes on to one side through this and reaches out to the other hemisphere and vice versa.This bridge is loaded with neurons. Neurotransmitter plays an important role here. Information from one part to other taking place through neurotransmitters.

K 33 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversitySince the bridge is weak for children with autism, they may not be able to get the Information.Autism is a disorder of the brain, a condition where a particular part of the brain stops functioning. Not only that, but some parts also find it hard to connect with others. Moreover, researchers says that even the connections that exist are not simple and direct like a typical brain. They are complicated. Hence, sensory integration is not taking place.Sensory IntegrationOur body takes information in through sensory systems from prominent five senses - eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.That is,VisualAuditory (sound, hearing)Olfactory (smell)Gustatory (taste)Tactile (touch)Vestibular (Movement)Proprioception (Input from Muscles & Joints)Interoception (Internal sensors indicating sensation such as hunger and thirst).Sensory integration is the process your central nervous system goes through when it takes information in from your body’s senses.

K 34 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026It processes that information and responds accordingly.For Eg: when we hear a sound, we will turn to that direction. When one’s central nervous system has difficulty processing any of the sensory information, the body’s responses are atypical.It can be observed in motor, language or behavioural skill difficulties.In Autism, we can see the problem. When they hear sound or when we call them, they may not respond immediately.Their language skill is poor. NeurotransmittersThere are various types of neurotransmitters and hormones in our brain. But some of the major neurotransmitters and hormones play a crucial role in mental well-being and also for leading a normal life. They are:CortisolSerotoninDopamineEndorphinNorepinephrineOxytocinMelatoninCortisol – It is a stress hormone. It has to be balanced. When cortisol increases in our brain, stress occurs.

K 35 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityNorepinephrine – When it reduces in brain, anxiety and depression may be noticed.Serotonin – It is an important neurotransmitter for maintaining our mental well -being. When it reduces anxiety, depression and sleep problem arise.Oxytocin – It gives the sense of well-being, trust, love, empathy and relationship building activity.Endorphin – This is also a feelgood hormone which increases when you exercise. It gives you positive thought, improves self -esteem and relieve stress.It increases especially in group activity such as choral singingDopamine – This is a very crucial neurotransmitter especially for the children. Why? We can ask the child to do something and motivate them with rewards. If this habit develops it shows he/she may have abundant dopamine in their brain. Yes. This is the neurotransmitter which stimulates the pleasure and reward centre of our brain and makes us happy. So, if a person feels happy or if an activity becomes pleasurable, dopamine secretion should be sufficient in the brain. Melatonin – It is a natural hormone that plays a major role in your sleepwake cycle. If it is not balanced, we may get trouble in sleeping.What does this show?To lead a stress-free lifeTo be happy

K 36 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026To make friendsTo sleep wellWe need all the above neurotransmitters in our brain.They should be balanced also.As we saw above these neurons and neurotransmitters are not normal for persons with autism.So, they are stressfulTheir mood is fluctuatingThey may not make friendsSleep is nightmare for many autistic personsEffect of Music TherapyWhat is Music?Music is a pleasant sound with rhythm and melody.What is Rhythm?Rhythm is a process of the brain where sound is separated by time. Unanimously we all love music. The music may vary. One may like classical, one may enjoy semi classical, Hindustani, Bhajan or Nāṭṭupura pāṭal. When you listen or sing a bit of music, you start to nod your head, tap your feet. When you listen to a peppy song you start dancing. But when you listen to a sad song you may regulate your beat. What does it show? We are under our brain control.

K 37 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityOur brain registers the frequency from the environment and acts accordingly.How is it happening? When does it start happening?We all love music. Why do we like music?Because music is intrinsic in every human being.When we sing a lullaby for a newborn child, it calms down. What does it show?Even a newborn child can differentiate between speech and music.We cannot imagine life without breathing? Like that we cannot imagine our life without music.In Autism, the abnormalities exist inBrain RhythmNeuronal connectivityMirror NeuronsCorpus callosumNeurotransmittersSensory integration We would see how music interventions address each and every one of the above aspects. Scientific evidence states that when a person is doing meditation, his brain frequency will be in alpha state. By practicing, we can reap more benefit through this state. We may hear about alpha meditation. When a person is in alpha frequency state, his stress, anxiety everything gets reduced. He gets clarity of mind. His understanding level is also improved. He may get a bit of balance also.

K 38 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026So, if we make a restless autistic person to sit in this state, he may be calm and clear. Is it possible? So, how can I induce alpha frequency on his brain from outside? Is it possible? Yes. It is possible through music therapy. How? At this situation, by converting the brain waves pattern with predominant mix of alpha and theta levels whose frequencies are slower than the other, stress can be relieved.It has been scientifically acknowledged now that slow paced, resonant music, full of harmonics transform brain waves into lower frequencies.We come across such music in the religious prayers and chants like Vedic chant, Gregorian chant, bhajan-s, and kīrtana-s practiced all over the world.Studies have shown that vibrations from rhythmic sounds produce profound positive changes on our brain.Brain processes the music in both the hemispheres.When our brain is processing music, it stimulates many regions processing emotion, memory, cognition, attention and motor planning simultaneously.So, such aspects start improving. The room for the music is in the right hemisphere. The room for rhythm is in our left hemisphere.Almost 99.9% of autistic children are inclined to music.Whether they are verbal, low verbal or nonverbal, invariably all the autistic children love music very much. They have an ear to music. No doubt about it.In fact, an autistic child may sing before he gets his speech.

K 39 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityThat is the significance of autism. You may notice, nonverbal kids doing humming. They have music within them.As we saw above, the room for the music is in the right hemisphere and the room for the rhythm is in the left hemisphere.Research articles in the journal “Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience” show how rhythmic input can improve sensorimotor functioning and overall growth in areas such as cognition, behaviour, social skills and communication. Because movement is critical to many areas of functioning, researchers have documented benefits of rhythm in motor rehabilitation which is lacking in individuals with Autism.Playing a rhythm instrument is a very good sensory integration activity. Since it presupposes tactile, visual, aural and motor planning, thereby strengthening the Corpus Callosum.Mirror NeuronsMusic by activating mirror neuron system which is found in areas of the brain that are responsible for communication, empathy and imagination, may improve the ability of people with autism to connect socially and better understand emotions. Mirror neuron dysfunction has been proposed to cause the communication deficits of Autism.Music encourages communicative behaviour and can encourage interaction with others, which is something autistic children have great difficulty with it. Finishing a task in the group is always a problem for them.

K 40 LThe Journal of Pedagogy and Research in Creative Arts 2026But they are comfortable with group singing.Neuro plasticityMusic not only causes the brain to activate in a certain pattern, but it also ultimately changes the physical structure and functional activity of certain cortical areas of the brain. When we are held up in a heavy traffic jam, we tend to search an alternate route naturally. Exactly this is what happening here. This is called neuro plasticity. Some more studies revealed that, Music learning can strengthen connections between auditory and motor regions.Cortisol reduced during and after music intervention and so stress is relieved.Endorphin increases during music sessions especially in group singing and improves positive thoughts and attitude.Musical sessions improve Oxytocin level in our brain.Since ASD persons cannot show their bond outwardly the musical session especially group sessions will help them a lot in improving their oxytocin level.Why Music Therapy for Autism?Autistic people are fond of music. They are good at music.

K 41 L2026 Tamil Nadu Dr J Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts UniversityWhy? What is happening in their brain when they are with music?Let us see the resultAccording to researcher Edward Roth, Director and Professor of Music therapy at Western Michigan University, ASD children who were put into a FMRI-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner while listening to music showed activities in the parts of the brain involved with communication.He says, “They are having the nonverbal discussion through music’, which means, they are having communication effect when they are with music.Moreover, researchers show that music stimulates the speech and communication part of the brain of an ASD child and music stimulates the musical part of the brain of a typical child.I can relate a mother’s saying here-“Whenever I started talking, he comes and closing my mouth, but when I am singing, he is not doing that”.Now let us get into our therapy session.I have found out that the Bhajans are their music.What is Bhajan?This is a pattern of music which consists of simple rhythmic and repetitive words.This is the simplest form of Indian music.