STS SA1

Artificial Intelligence. Benjamin Franklin.
Conspiracy Theories. Digital Surge during
Covid-19. Environmental Technology. Feedback
Loop of the Scientific Revolution. Gilgamesh
Project. History of Science and Technology.
Ignorance. January 21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science
Act of 1958. Modern Science. Neil deGrasse Tyson.
Observatory. Philippine Commission. Quest for Immortality.
Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines. Scientific
Revolution. The New Instrument. Understanding of Scientific
Knowledge. Value. Willingness of the Wealthy and the
Government Xenon. Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence.
Benjamin Franklin. Conspiracy Theories. Digital Surge during Covid-19.
Environmental Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific Revolution.
Gilgamesh Project. History of Science and Technology. Ignorance. January
21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science Act of 1958. Modern Science. Neil deGrasse
Tyson. Observatory. Philippine Commission. Quest for Immortality. Royal
Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines. Scientific Revolution. The New
Instrument. Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Value. Willingness of the
Wealthy and the Government Xenon. Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence.
Benjamin Franklin. Conspiracy Theories. Digital Surge during Covid-19. Environmental
Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific Revolution. Gilgamesh Project. History of
Science and Technology. Ignorance. January 21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science Act of 1958.
Modern Science. Neil deGrasse Tyson. Observatory. Philippine Commission. Quest for
Immortality. Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines. Scientific Revolution. The New
Instrument. Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Value. Willingness of the Wealthy and the
Government Xenon. Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence. Benjamin Franklin. Conspiracy
Theories. Digital Surge during Covid-19. Environmental Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific
Revolution. Gilgamesh Project. History of Science and Technology. Ignorance. January 21, 1901.
Knowledge. Law: Science Act of 1958. Modern Science. Neil deGrasse Tyson. Observatory. Philippine
Commission. Quest for Immortality. Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines. Scientific Revolution.
The New Instrument. Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Value. Willingness of the Wealthy and the
Government Xenon. Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence. Benjamin Franklin. Conspiracy Theories. Digital
Surge during Covid-19. Environmental Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific Revolution. Gilgamesh Project.
History of Science and Technology. Ignorance. January 21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science Act of 1958. Modern Science.
Neil deGrasse Tyson. Observatory. Philippine Commission. Quest for Immortality. Royal Economic Society of Friends of
the Philippines. Scientific Revolution. The New Instrument. Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Value. Willingness of the
Wealthy and the Government Xenon. Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence. Benjamin Franklin. Conspiracy Theories.
Digital Surge during Covid-19. Environmental Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific Revolution. Gilgamesh Project.
History of Science and Technology. Ignorance. January 21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science Act of 1958. Modern Science. Neil
deGrasse Tyson. Observatory. Philippine Commission. Quest for Immortality. Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines.
Scientific Revolution. The New Instrument. Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Value. Willingness of the Wealthy and the
Government Xenon. Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence. Benjamin Franklin. Conspiracy Theories. Digital Surge
during Covid-19. Environmental Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific Revolution. Gilgamesh Project. History of
Science and Technology. Ignorance. January 21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science Act of 1958. Modern Science. Neil
deGrasse Tyson. Observato- ry. Philippine Commission.
Quest for Immortality. Royal Economic Society of Friends of
the Philippines. Scientific Revolution. The New
Instrument. Understanding of Scientific Knowledge. Value.
Willingness of the Wealthy and the Government Xenon.
Year 1945-1946. Zealots. Artificial Intelligence. Benjamin
Franklin. Conspiracy Theories. Digital Surge during Covid-19.
Environmental Technology. Feedback Loop of the Scientific
Revolution. Gilgamesh Project. History of Science and Technol-
ogy. Ignorance. January 21, 1901. Knowledge. Law: Science

The ABC’s of Science and Technology

a digital booklet

table of contents

Artificial Intelligence.
Benjamin Franklin.
Conspiracy Theories.
Digital Surge during Covid-19.
05 Environmental Technology.
Feedback Loop of the Scientific Revolution.
Gilgamesh Project.
History of Science and Technology.
Ignorance.
10 January 21, 1901.
Knowledge.
Law: Science Act of 1958.
Modern Science.
Neil deGrasse Tyson.
15 Observatory.
Philippine Commission.
Quest for Immortality.
Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines.
Scientific Revolution.
20 The New Instrument.
Understanding of Scientific Knowledge.
Value.
Willingness of the Wealthy and the Government.
Xenon.
25 Year 1945-1946.
Zealots.

introduction

The ABC’s of Science and Technology is a booklet
containing words starting from A-Z that
corresponds to certain statements and concepts.
In this digital mini book, readers will find words
and pictures associated with the topics and
lessons discussed in the first module which
focused on the Introduction to Science,
Technology, and Society, as well as the second
module that tackled the Perceptions on Science
and Technology. Along with the words are the
learnings and reflections of the authors with
regards to the course modules and in relation to
the context of Science and Technology in the
Philippine society.

A artifical
intelligence

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines,
especially computer systems, is acknowledged as artificial
intelligence. Speech recognition, natural language processing,
expert systems, and machine vision are utilized for the purposes of
AI. In general, AI systems function by consuming vast volumes of
labeled training data, analyzing the data for correlations and
patterns, then implementing these patterns to foresee future events.
AI is significant due to the fact that it can aid companies and
enterprises with insights regarding their operations that can help
them improve, and because, in some circumstances, AI can perform
tasks better than human beings. AI tools, particularly when it comes
to tedious, meticulous activities like evaluating massive quantities of
legal papers to verify essential fields are accurately filled in, resulting
in completing projects swiftly and with little to no errors. (Burns,
Laskowski, & Tucci, 2021)

Artificial Intelligence is associated with module two since it is
considered one of the world's emerging technologies. As university
students and citizens of the Philippines, these learnings apply to us
because we are made aware that AI is more than a single,
stand-alone technology. It enhances the intelligence of smart
devices, increases the value of data, and increases the efficiency of
cloud-based solutions. Emerging technologies, according to Cruz, E.
(2017), will fundamentally alter the world as we know it.

Singh, S.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/the-rise-of-machines-timeline-of-the-evolution-of-artificial-intelligence/

first-what-is-the-big-fuss-really/slideshow/77198656.cms

B benjamin
franklin

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

According to an article by Hornberger & Wood (n.d.), Benjamin
Franklin, commonly known as Ben Franklin, was an American printer
and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. One of
the most prominent Founding Fathers. He made significant
advances to science, particularly in the knowledge of electricity, and
is recognized for his writing's humor, wisdom, and beauty.

Benjamin Franklin is connected to module 1 because, during the
scientific revolution, he invented the lightning rod and disarmed the
gods, which was regarded as one of the scientific revolution's
achievements and discoveries. Furthermore, as a scientist, he was a
pivotal figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of
physics for his electrical discoveries and theories. Among his many
innovations as an inventor are the lightning rod, bifocals, and the
Franklin stove. As university students and citizens of the Philippines,
these learnings apply to us because recognizing his works can
enable our generation to know how certain things originated and
what more we can do.

Biography. https://www.biography.com/scholar/benjamin-franklin

C conspiracy
theories

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

Conspiracy theory is an attempt to justify damaging or tragic
occurrences by blaming the acts of a minority strong group. Such
answers contradict the widely known story of those events, the
official version may be regarded as more indication of the
conspiracy. These theories become more prevalent at times of
widespread fear, such as during wars and economic downturns,
including in the aftermath of natural calamities such as tsunamis,
earthquakes, and pandemics. Conspiracy theories are emotionally
charged, and their purported revelations may be gratifying.
Conspiracy theories frequently have insufficient proof requirements
and are resistant to falsification. Psychological biases and mistrust
of official sources may help conspiracy theories endure. (Reid, n.d.)

Conspiracy theories are connected to module one because it
was discussed in the introduction to science, technology, and
society. As university students and citizens of the Philippines, these
learnings apply to us because it lets us acknowledge the fact that
conspiracy theories are frequently connected with a form of circular
reasoning in which evidence against the conspiracy is perceived as
evidence for it.

Biography. https://www.biography.com/scholar/benjamin-franklin

D digital surge
during covid-19

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

According to De’, Pandey, & Pal (2020), the term "digital surge"
refers to a rise in digitalization. Due to social distancing conventions
and countrywide lockdowns, the Covid-19 pandemic has inevitably
increased the usage of digital technology. People and organizations
across the world have had to adapt to the new way of operating and
living. We investigate potential outcomes for the digital surge as well
as the research concerns that may develop.

The impact of digital surge during the covid-19 pandemic is
related to module two because it is relevant in the perceptions of
science and technology. As university students and citizens of the
Philippines, these learnings apply to us because we acquire
knowledge about terms that can be unfamiliar to us, like the digital
surge and how it has affected us, especially in this time of the
pandemic. Additionally, we also gain knowledge about the possible
issues associated with the digital surge.

Rogers, B.
https://blog.se.com/tag/digital-surge/

E environmental

technology

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

According to Lopes (2018), the advancement of environmental
technology has transformed our lifestyle as individuals in society.
Nowadays, communication and a plethora of services are more
accessible than before. Environmental technology can be defined
as creating new technologies to conserve, monitor, or diminish the
adverse impacts of technology on the environment and resource
usage in society. The creation of these technologies, such as
renewable energy, which collects naturally replenished energy,
mitigates environmental concerns.

Furthermore, contemporary environmental technologies enable
humans to accumulate naturally existing energy and convert it into
power or usable heat utilizing devices such as solar panels, wind
turbines, and water turbines, showcasing the highly favorable
environmental effects of technology. Environmental technology is
related to module two because it can be considered as an
implication of scientific development. As university students and
citizens of the Philippines, these learnings apply to us because new
environmental technology has the potential to enhance our
economy’s decarbonization and mitigate further harm.

Edinburgh Sensors. https://edinburghsensors.com/news-and-events/impact-of-technology-on-the-environment-and-environmental-technology/

F feedback loop

of the scientific
revolution

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

The Feedback loop of the Scientific Revolution. Science requires
more than just research to advance. It centers on the convergence
of science, politics, and economics. Scientific research would be
practically impossible without the resources supplied by political
and economic organizations. In exchange, scientific research
provides new abilities that are used to get new resources, some of
which is spent on research. (Harrari, 2014)

The Feedback loop of the Scientific Revolution is related to
module one because it was included in the discussions of the
introduction to science, technology, and society. As university
students and citizens of the Philippines, these learnings apply to us
because research provides power to people, so we must give
significance to research. Furthermore, it applies to the Philippine
government regarding ways to support scientific research in our
country. As research proves to be vital to the country's development,
it would be beneficial if the government would provide sufficient
funds and support to help researchers and students conduct more
successful scientific research. With our country's diverse resources
and Filipinos capable of doing research, we can achieve more
scientific breakthroughs if we are properly funded.

VIA. https://vialogue.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/image048.jpg

G gilgamesh
project

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

According to an article by Thomas, L. (2017), The Gilgamesh
project is based on the legendary ‘Gilgamesh saga.' Gilgamesh was
the King of Uruk who embarked on a long trip to the underworld to
search for the key to immortality. He returned empty-handed to his
realm, reinforcing the idea that no one is immortal. The present
effort, dubbed 'Gilgamesh,' is a quest focused on finding immortality,
a credo for perpetual existence. It is futile to seek answers in the
writings of Marx, Adam Smith, or Simone de Beauvoir. Nationalism is
the only modern ideology that still emphasizes mortality. Moreover,
nationalism promises that whoever dies for the nation will live on in
the collective memory of the people forever. However, this pledge is
so ambiguous that even most nationalists are unsure what to make
of it. (Harrari, 2014)

The Gilgamesh Project is affiliated to module one because the
primary objective of the scientific revolution is to provide humans
with eternal life. As university students and citizens of the Philippines,
these learnings apply to us because today, we are generating new
medications, innovative therapies, and artificial organs that will
allow us to live longer lives and, perhaps, one day, defeat death.

Thomas, L.
https://medium.com/@tomolagos/gilgamesh-project-death-is-not-the-end-death-its-only-the-beginning-e74e21de9a74

H history of
science & technology

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

The History of Science and Technology in the Philippines is one
of the main topics of the second module. It elaborated on the
evolution of Science and Technology starting from the pre-colonial
period up to the time of obtaining the country’s independence and
how colonization had serious impacts on our current
socio-economic status. It was made apparent in the paper of Caoili
(1986) that the advancement of the two were heavily influenced by
our colonizers. Although we had our own system of civilization prior
to being conquered by the Spanish, Americans, and the Japanese,
the approximately 385 years of being under their control has made
a mark in our economic, political, and scientific progress. The most
evident manifestation of this is our educational system, particularly
the establishment of public schools which was introduced by the
Americans. By doing so, it accelerated the development of Science
and Technology at the time of the American regime. Having a good
depth of understanding of how science and technology were
influenced and developed in our country is of great relevance to our
identities as Filipinos. For us to have a better grasp of the current
condition of our country in terms of education, scientific, and
technological advancements, we have to be well versed with our
history first. Additionally, being students under a system of
education that was derived from the countries that conquered us
and while benefiting from the products of scientific discoveries, it is
our responsibility to educate ourselves well, assess our ways of
learning, and use our learnings to productively contribute to the
betterment of our homeland.

Benton, J. (2018). Shallow Focus of Clear Hourglass. [Online Image]. Retrieved from
https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-of-clear-hourglass-1095601/

I ignorance
Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

Ignorance, as discussed in the first module, refers to the lack of
knowledge of humans and the assumption that we do not know
everything. Harrari (2014) expounded on the concept of ignorance
as a great discovery which led people to expand their knowledge
and understanding of how the world works. They also mentioned
that the scientific revolution is simply a revolution of ignorance; the
awareness that the current knowledge of people is contested and
not enough to answer their most important queries. It inspired them
to have more discoveries and keep challenging the things that they
already know as new evidence and ideas arise. As a student and a
Filipino, I deem it important to humbly admit that there are plenty of
things that I am ignorant of. Assuming that I have yet to know and
discover a lot about the world’s nature and complexities inspires me
to keep seeking knowledge. After all, it is only through admitting that
we do not know everything that our aspiration for learning and
improving is fueled.

Woman with white top and blue eye mask standing near ocean. [Online Image]. (n.d.). https://www.pickpik.com/alone-bandeau-beauty-blind-blindfold-blue-2575

J january 21,
1908

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

On the 21st of January 1901, the Philippine Commission, which
served as the country’s executive and legislative body until 1907,
enacted into law the Act No. 74, establishing a Department of Public
Instruction. It initiated and funded the building of public schools
which provided primary education for free and assigned English to
be the medium of teaching (Caoili, 1986). Apart from these, the
Philippine Normal University that aimed to train Filipino educators
was also instituted. The further implementation and provision of this
Act resulted in more establishments of institutions and additional
laws to improve the education system and now, the Department of
Public Instruction is referred to as the Department of Education.
Indeed, January 21, 1901 is a significant date in our history due to the
accomplishments made on that certain day. It directly affects us,
Filipino students, as the Department of Education is the governing
body of our education system.

Colcol, E. (2021). Pilot test of face-to-face classes half-day only — DepEd exec. [Online Image]. Retrieved from
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/778172/pilot-test-of-face-to-face-classes-half-day-only-deped-exec/story/

K knowledge
Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

Knowledge is power (Beacon, 1620 as cited by Harrari, 2014).
This is one of the main ideas that was highlighted on the first module.
It was Francis Beacon who argued this in his published manifesto
titled ‘The New Instrument’ and alludes that the true measure of
‘knowledge’ does not lie in its truthfulness but in its capability to
empower people. It was further elaborated that truth is an
inadequate way of assessing knowledge and that the real test is its
usefulness. If we translate the knowledge that we have obtained
from scientific discovery and research into application and actual or
tangible results, it gives us not only additional resources but power
as well. We are able to develop technologies, medicines, equipment
and various inventions using our knowledge. As Filipino learners, we
aim to constantly improve and expand our knowledge and make
use of it to fulfill our roles and duties as citizens of the Philippines. Our
knowledge allows us to be productive members of society who can
actively participate in solving the issues our country encounters.

Chung, A. (2018). Woman Wearing Brown Shirt Carrying Black Leather Bag on Front of Library. [Online Image]. Retrieved from
Bookshttps://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-wearing-brown-shirt-carrying-black-leather-bag-on-front-of-library-books-1106468/

L law: science
act of 1958

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

The Republic Act 2067 otherwise known as the Science Act of
1958 was briefly discussed in the second module. It is a law enacted
by the congress as a response to the deteriorating condition of
Science in the Philippines which was due to the insufficient
government support, professionally trained scientists, and
awareness of the public about Science (Caoili, 1986). The report of
these deficiencies led to the creation of the Science Act of 1958. This
act then laid the groundwork for the development of several science
agencies including the National Science Development Board
(NSDB), Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), and the
National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST). The increasing
number of science agencies showed the concern and efforts of the
government to allow Science and Technology to prosper in the
country. Along with these, there was also a surge in the demand for
manpower in the said field. Without the implementation of this law,
us students and Filipinos would not be able to reap the benefits of
the scientific and technological advancements. Finally, the Scientific
Act of 1985 is highly crucial in the development of science and
technology in the country as well as in our society’s progression.

Bolovtsova, E. (2020, February 11). Judge Signing on the Papers. [Online Image.]. Retrieved from https://www.pexels.com/photo/judge-signing-on-the-papers-6077447/

Mmodern
science

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

Modern Science is the main topic that was emphasized in the
first module including its uniqueness in comparison to the
pre-modern traditional knowledge. It is drawn on the Latin injunction
‘ignoramus’ which translates to ‘we don’t know’ (Harrari, 2014). The
belief or assumption that we do not know everything or the
previously mentioned concept of Ignorance is what makes Modern
Science distinct from the traditional forms of knowledge. It has the
goal to keep attaining knowledge through observations with the aid
of Mathematical concepts and tools. The procured observations are
analyzed and linked to be theories and with these theories, new
knowledge and technologies are developed. Modern Science follows
the Scientific and research methods in the course of collecting and
analyzing empirical observations. By doing this, there is a systematic
way of processing information and coming up with deliberate
solutions to the occurring dilemmas. It also endorses constantly
contesting our knowledge and testing of our hypothesis to come up
with a consistent and valid result.

Given that we are students, this is significant and should be
practiced. Using the Scientific method that is the core of Modern
science in solving even our simplest problems will help us develop a
mind that can effectively handle challenges while maintaining
order. Modern Science also teaches us that no idea is beyond
sacred that cannot be challenged. As long as there are new
discoveries and evidences that contradict our present knowledge, it
is important to keep in mind that it can still change and be proved
otherwise.

Danilyuk, P. (2021, May 27). A Man Wearing Protective Equipment Looking at the Computer. [Online Image.]. Retrieved from
https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-man-wearing-protective-equipment-looking-at-the-computer-8442537/

N neil degrasse
tyson

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

The module 2 introduces Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, a prominent
figure in the field of Science. He is an American astrophysicist, and
an author who popularized Science in various platforms. Among his
greatest contributions, the knowledge and ideas as a man of
science that he shares to the public is of substantial significance to
society. In his interview with Stephen Colbert, he mentioned how
knowledge is considerably a great thing given that it empowers
people to act when the situation calls for it. Although some ideas
have posed harmful aftermaths, it is not exactly the knowledge that
caused it but the way it was applied which is only controlled by
humans. The weight of one’s knowledge is immeasurable as it relies
upon our intent and way of acquiring and utilizing it which could
either make or break us. He also implied that the misconceptions
and lack of proper understanding about science are the prime
factors that drive people away from it.

However, it is to be taken note of that government institutions
also play a huge role in the literacy and awareness of people
regarding science. Hence, they must put more effort into financing
education that is inclusive to people from different social classes. It
will not only improve the literacy rate, but will also clear
misconceptions about science. The learnings of Neil deGrasse Tyson
that were imparted to us are things that we students and Filipinos
must fully reflect on. Knowing the relevance of science in our lives
and society as well as its impact on the collective good of
humankind will help us appreciate it more. We must also remember
that we have our moral and ethical obligations, therefore, we must
put our knowledge into good use and prevent ourselves from being
driven by greed in pursuing power.

Elliott, S. (n.d.). Neil deGrasse Tyson speaking at an event hosted by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, 2013. [Online Image.]. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biogra-
phy/Neil-deGrasse-Tyson/images-videos#/media/1/1677029/221898

O observatory
Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

An observatory is a structure with a wide field of view that is
dedicated to or equipped for the observation of natural phenomena
such as astronomy (Merriam-Webster). It houses telescopes and
other tools for observing astronomical objects. Hipparchus, the
greatest of the pre-Christian astronomers, constructed the first
observatory that employed instruments for correctly measuring the
positions of astronomical bodies on the island of Rhodes around 150
BCE. He discovered precession there, as well as the magnitude
system for indicating the brightness of celestial objects. (Editors of
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2020).

For us students, the creation of an Observatory not only helped us
detect storms and other weather abnormalities but also gave us
new knowledge to learn about outside our planet.

Manila Observatory. http://www.observatory.ph/about/

P philippine
commission

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

The Philippine Commission was the title of two groups created by
the US President to help in the governance of the Philippines
(Wikipedia). Filipinos supported complete independence, according
to Schurman, but this had no direct impact on policy. By 1907, the
Philippine Commission, which had previously served as both the
legislature and the governor-cabinet, generals became the
bicameral body's upper house. The new 80-member Philippine
Assembly was elected directly by a small population from
single-member districts, making it Southeast Asia's first elective
legislative assembly. (Hernandez, 2021).

Understanding its purpose as a student, I can help the people
confused and raise awareness to the people who does not have an
idea about the Philippine Commission.

NHCP Historic Sites. http://nhcphistoricsites.blogspot.com/2011/11/site-of-philippine-commissions-first.html

Q quest for
immortality

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

People seek to find answers to defy the nature of human, to gain
immortality with the help of science. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of
humanity’s oldest tales dating back to the 22nd century BC he
wished to find everlasting life, many years later, the metamorphosis
of anti-aging creams begun, for the purpose of extending life. From
the elixir of life to dubious anti-ageing products and health
supplements in modern times, the urge to defy death and stay
youthful forever has pushed humanity hunting for implausible
answers throughout history (Ali, 2013).

Failed quests for immortality have a long record and as a student,
instead of finding my own elixir, it made me realize to value the
people and things that I have as of the moment. No one knows when
will their time end and it's better to make the most out of it.

Costa, L. https://stravaganzastravaganza.blogspot.com/2019/01/the-epic-of-gilgamesh.html

R royal economic
society of friends
of the philippines

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

Sociedad Economica De Los Amigos Del Pais is a private association
established in the Philippines and other places like Cuba and Chile.
In the Philippines, the society is assigned to explore and exploit
natural resources. This was established by Governor-General Jose
Basco y Vargas in the year 1780. This implemented monopoly over
products like tobacco, explosives, and many more. The Royal
Economic Society and Friends of the Philippines also offered local
and international scholarships (Palero, 2016).

As students and citizens, we can share our knowledge of this unique
private association with individuals who are unaware of its
existence.

Universitat de Valencia.
https://www.uv.es/uvweb/university-institute-history-medicine-science/en/personatges-i-espais-de-ciencia/science-characters-spaces-ro

yal-economic-society-friends-country-valencia-1286015058712/Entrevista.html?id=1286044571263

S scientific
revolution

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

Scientific revolution, in its broadest sense, refers to the rebirth of
modern science. This is what happened when advances in
numerous fields of study, particularly chemistry, physics, arithmetic,
astrophysics, and biology, completely revolutionized the way many
things were done. The Scientific Revolution was a significant shift in
scientific thought that occurred in the sixteenth and seventeenth
century, starting with the early discussions of Nicolaus Copernicus
who published the Copernicus Theory in 1543 (Spencer, Brooks, and
Brush, 2019).

Not only as a student but as a human being, we all know that we
always learn new things, things that we are not aware that exists and
it continues every single day. One can easily compare the way of
living before compared to what we call "modern" nowadays.
Learning is a lifelong process and multiple studies have shown.

Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Scientific-Revolution/

T the new
instrument

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

The New Instrument is a philosophical work written by Francis Bacon
in 1620. As a reference to one of Aristotle’s works, Bacon explains the
essense of logic and its systems in the book. Bacon’s logical method,
now commonly referred to as Baconian method, has become the
key instrument to completing the scientific method that is presently
used.

Bacon’s philosophy is believed to be a reference to many of
Aristotle’s and Plato’s teachings, paving the way for further
methodologies and logical systems. His work also extends to the
development of science in older centuries. Thus, I believe it is
relevant to familiarize oneself with Bacon’s treatise if one is
interested in philosophy to grasp the bodies of philosophy that
surrounds us.

Library Princeton. https://lib-dbserver.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/thematic-maps/bacon/bacon.html

U understanding
of scientific
knowledge

Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

“The core of distrust in science is not because of what it can do,
but because of the absence of an understanding of what it can
actually do.” (Tyson, 2010). The explanation of Dr. Tyson summarizes
why some people have a distrust in scientific knowledge is its
absence, there are inequalities still in gaining education where the
foundation of scientific knowledge is taught. The internet and social
media holds a variety of knowledge that are factual and opinions,
one must perceive what is true to gain scientific knowledge rather
than distrust.

The role of an educated university student is to lessen the fake
information on the internet and share knowledge that is important
and true. Knowledge is useful for its utilization. As a citizen in the
Philippines, fake news is prevalent in social media to anger,
manipulate citizens. It is a must to lessen these types of content that
manipulates our thinking and distracts us from the actual problems
occurring in society.

https://sei.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news-archive/224-indie-siyensya-kicks-off-3rd-run-with-science-communication-cinematography-workshops

Vvalue
Module 2:
Perceptions on Science and Technology

The value of science sometimes is seen as wasting resources,
tax money, but in module 2 Dr. Tyson described the attitude of
perceiving science as insignificant will be the end of a culture. No
advancements will be made with not valuing scientific discoveries.
This will be a problem because one purpose of scientific discoveries
is to serve as a solution to a problem. As student knowledge in
general is important in moving forward in a module, the foundation
of a subject is needed to answer and understand the more complex
topics encountered. In society the policy makers are the most vital in
the advancement of a country. If they do not value the things that
could solve the problems of the Filipino people, the country will not
progress, they will suffer.

Tubok.arts. [Photograph]. Schoolchildren Joy. https://dribbble.com/shots/14335377-Schoolchildren-Joy-Illustration

Wwillingness of the
wealthy and the
government

Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

In the sugar daddy of science the reality of scientific
advancements is that the government and the wealthy only fund
the things they would gain from. The things that different experts
want to understand and discover unfortunately need funding.
Hence, the advancements made are for the selfish and gains of an
entity and other things that need to be discovered are left behind
and seen as throwing away money especially if it is funded by the
government with the usage of tax money of the citizens. As a
university student it is a discouraging reality because we are taught
the importance of research, students are not yet independent with
conducting research and they need support from others. The reality
that there are studies that have more support than others leads to
inequality.

Gaikwad, S. (2021). [Photograph] Zotalabs raises $100,000 in Seed funding round. https://incubees.com/zotalabs-raises-100000-in-seed-funding-round/

X xenon
Module 1:
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society

The discovery of elements and introduction of chemistry to our
scientific knowledge has brought about many advancements in
society, we now know how to utilize each of these elements and its
combination. The combination of Science and technology has led to
financing other sciences such as chemistry and its application. The
technology today has reached vast advancements in medicine, etc.
An example is Xenon, it is used as an anesthetic, in nuclear energy
plants, and in photographic light bulbs. Xenon was unintentionally
discovered just like what people also experienced with new
technologies where they did it with trial and error. Scientific
advancement would not be gained if we remain stagnant and not
make experiments or ease our curiosity, children would not learn if
they did not experience or learn about it.

As a university student or part of society discoveries can be
made by utilizing scientific knowledge with experiments, trial and
errors, exporations, researches, etc. Admitting ignorance can lead to
many advancements because the things we do not know are things
that are still yet to be discovered, we should have an open mind for
these scientific advancements because they could be established
and utilized.