Abstract of FYP Aug 2020

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

1

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

CONTENTS

1 ABSTRACT OF THE FINAL YEAR PROJECT 3
SR241 - BACHELOR OF SPORTS MANAGEMENT (HONS.)

2 ABSTRACT OF THE FINAL YEAR PROJECT 26
SR243 - BACHELOR OF SPORTS SCIENCE (HONS.)

3 ABSTRACT OF THE FINAL YEAR PROJECT 46
SR245 - BACHELOR OF HEALTH AND FITNESS (HONS.)

2

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

3

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Perception and Constraints towards Outdoor Recreational Activity among
Female at Gopeng Glamping Park

Adam Hykal Bin Yusof1 and Mohd Khairulanwar Bin Md Yusof1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions, constraints of the females’
involvements in the outdoor recreation activities, to assess the differences on the
perceptions and constraints of the participation of female in outdoor recreation
activities in term of single married at Gopeng Glamping Park. Questionnaires adopted
from Azlan Ahmad Kamal’s (2010) were issued to 100 females at Gopeng Glamping
Park. The respondents were selected based on marital status, 50 for single and another
50 for married. Using Statistical Package for Social Science, the hypotheses were
statistically analysed using Independent sample t-Test, at p ≤ .05 level of significant.
Results showed that the highest mean for the component on perception is the perceiver
(M=3.35) and the highest mean for the component of constraint is “Structural”
(M=2.95). There were no significant differences for the females’ perception and
constraint in outdoor recreational activities in term of single and married since p>0.05.
Furthermore, future research should use both males and females as the subject as this
will make the study become more interesting and compare with the other demographic
such as employment status to gain more knowledge about this study. In conclusion,
with this study, females are aware of the perception and obstacles that often make it
difficult for them to participate in this healthy activity. Therefore, this study was to
provide the females new insights in outdoor recreational activities

Keywords: perception, constraint, outdoor recreational activities

4

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Coach’s Personality and Transformational Leadership Behavior among Team
and Individual Sports

Afifah Mazli1 and Ahmad Fikri Mohd Kassim1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Leadership and personality have attributes that are essential to successful in sport
coaching. Personality is a combination of behavior, emotion, motivation, and patterns
of thought which defined an individual. Whilst, transformational leadership in a
coach's behavior lead to a change in individuals and social systems that will create
value in the athletes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the coach personality and
transformational leadership behaviour among the team and individual sports. One
hundred and fifty-two (n=152) athletes from team sport (n=76) and individual sport
(n=76), were participated in this study. The ages of the athletes were range from 18 to
25 years old, and all of them represented in the university games. A 27-item of
Differentiated Transformational Leadership Inventory (DTLI) and a 32-item of Myers
Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality, were adopted and used for this study.
Results revealed that the component of transformational leadership and the
component of personality indicated moderate to a strong positive relationship.
Analyses of the t-test showed that the component of transformational leadership
indicated a significant difference between individual and team sports athletes at p ≤
.05 level of significance. Also, there were significant differences showed in the
component of personality between the individual and team sports athletes, except for
“introverted thinking". Next, there were no significant differences in the component
of transformational leadership and the component of personality between genders. In
conclusion, the personality of the coach may influence the role of coach’s
transformational leadership. Thus, playing a significant role in the growth of athletes,
coach’s personality and leadership attributes become the key factors for an athlete's
success and development.

Keywords: transformational leadership, personality, team sports, individual
sports, gender

5

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Eating Attitudes and Body Image Dissatisfaction among UiTM Perlis Athletes

Aiman Hariss bin Ahmad Shukri1 and Nuraimi binti Othman1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Eating attitudes and body image dissatisfaction is known as a health problem suffered
by athletes than the general population. Athletes have a higher proneness to unhealthy
eating attitudes due to high pressure and competitive environment in sports. This study
examines the differences in eating attitudes and body image dissatisfaction among
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis Branch athletes based on gender,
education level, and sports level. Questionnaires adopted from David M. Garner et al.,
(1982) measurement scale entitled Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and Body Shape
Questionnaire (BSQ-16) from C Evans et al., (1993). The questionnaire was
distributed to a total of 239 UiTM Perlis athletes based on the inclusion criteria. The
hypotheses were statistically analyzed using Independent Sample t-Test, at p ≤ .05
level of significance. In terms of the level of body image dissatisfaction, UiTM Perlis
athletes were experiencing body image dissatisfaction among gender. On the other
hand, UiTM Perlis athletes showed a significant difference in eating attitudes based
on sports level under category university level and national level. It was also found
that there were no significant differences between eating attitudes and body image
dissatisfaction based on education level. These findings provide an insight into eating
attitudes and body image dissatisfaction among UiTM Perlis athletes which is a health
problem that requires deeper research to overcome this problem. A future
experimental research will be required to examine researches with deeper
understanding about health problem in sports industry to produce more quality and
healthier athletes in Malaysia.

Keywords: eating attitude, body image dissatisfaction, athletes

6

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Differences between Sport Injury Anxiety and Various Coping Strategies
among Uitm Perlis Athletes

Amir Muzaffar Mustafa Anuar1 and Siti Jameelah Md Japilus1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Anxiety surrounding injury, or sport injury anxiety, is an important research area
because the previous literature focusing on anxiety and injury has demonstrated
negative consequences for athletes. The main purpose of this study is to examine how
athletes cope with sport injury anxiety by exploring the difference kind of sport injury
anxiety level and various coping strategies. The measurement tool that is used in the
study were adopted questionnaire from Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and
Brief COPE (BCOPE).The sports were included football (n=24), netball (n=15),
volleyball (n=20), frisbee (n=12), futsal (n = 20), hockey (n=15), badminton (n=27),
rugby (n=11), sepak takraw (n=2) tenpin bowling (n=6) which complete the total of
athletes for the variables (n=152). The independent t-test was use to analyses the
collected data. The result revealed that there no significant difference between the
coping strategies among gender which the result is p>0.05. These are because both of
the gender have the same coping strategies when dealing with anxiety during injury.
Besides, there are significant differences at the anxiety experience of athletes during
injury between both genders which the result is p<0.05. In conclusion this study can
give a clear picture on athletes’ anxiety during injury and the different kind of coping
strategies that can be used to overcome anxiety when they experienced injury.

Keywords: sport injury anxiety, anxiety, coping strategies

7

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Motivation Factors Associated with Involvement in Leisure Sports among
Students of UiTM Perlis Branch

Anissa Binti Mazlan1 and Khor Poy Hua1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Leisure sports activities typically relates to more positive outcomes on maintaining
health and physical fitness well-being of individuals. Previous researchers mainly
focused on studies of competitive sports. Hence, this study intended to redress the
imbalance in previous research to ensure that people also acknowledged the benefits
provided by leisure sports. This study investigates the motivation factors associated
with involvement in leisure sports among students of UiTM Perlis Branch. In this
study, the questionnaire using Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale
(PALMS) developed by Morris and Rogers (2004) was randomly distributed to 420
students from the faculties at UiTM Perlis Branch. The hypotheses were statistically
tested using Independent Sample t-Test at p ≤ .05 level of significance. Results reveals
that the mastery, physical condition, psychological condition, affiliation, appearance,
enjoyment, competition/ego and other’s expectation factors are associated with
involvement in leisure sports among students of UiTM Perlis Branch. Significant
differences were identified for the components of affiliation, enjoyment, and
competition/ego. These findings could facilitate the understanding of motivation
towards participation in leisure sports. Future researcher could expand this study to
other groups of interest in the effort to promote leisure sports participation.

Keywords: motivation, leisure sports, gender groups, PALMS

8

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence towards Team Performance

Ibrahim Bin Mohd Fadzlullah1 and Ellail Ain Mohd Aznan1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a construct used to define how individuals understand
and potentially control their emotional response to daily experiences. Knowledge of
how EI relates to performance leads to different conclusions within each perspective.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of emotional intelligence
dimension towards team performance. A total of 156 questionnaire were distributed
to the player of Football League IPT Malaysia 2019. The data was analysed by using
Pearson Correlation. The result shows that there is no significant relationship of
emotional intelligence dimension towards team performance with (p=0.081) and
(r=0.199). The results indicate that the IPT League players had not prioritize the
emotional intelligence as the result of their performance. Emotional Intelligence is
essential in determining an individual behavior and emotions, however other factors
need to be focused on the athlete as the results indicated that the IPT league player
does not enhancing the EI in their performance. A further study needs to be conducted
in identifying the factors that affects the team performance.

Keywords: emotional intelligence, team performance, football

9

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Relationship of Coaching Behaviour with Motivation among Athletes in UiTM
Perlis Branch

Jamilah Binti Abdullah¹and Nuraimi Binti Othman¹
¹Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
The coach has been recognized as a powerful socializing agent in the sports domain.
Numerous research has sought to explain what kinds of acts and relationships coach
and athlete would be motivated to improve in competitive environments and reach
their peak performance. The purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of
coach behavior among athletes with motivation. The questionnaire was adapted from
Sports Climate Questionnaire (Amorose & Anderson-Butcher, 2015), Controlling
Coach Behaviour Scale (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2010)
and The Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Lonsdale, Hodge, & Rose,
2008). There were 306 respondents selected based on the inclusion criteria which are
students-athletes in Karnival Sukan Mahasiswa UiTM (KARiSMA). The Pearson
analysis showed a weak, positive correlation of perceived autonomy with athlete
motivation (r = .265, n = 306, p <0.05). In addition, there were moderate, positive
correlation of perceived controlling with athlete motivation (r = .520, n = 306, p <0.05.
Thus, these findings expose exactly how perceived controlling behaviors are involved
in the motivation and well-being of athletes. In a nutshell, understanding particular
coaching styles that promote positive behaviors among athletes' motivation, as well
as those that minimize inappropriate behaviors, is an important area of investigation
for future researchers.

Keywords: coaching behavior; perceived autonomy; perceived controlling;
motivation

10

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Coaching Effectiveness, Coach-Athlete Relationship and Anxiety Experience:
An Assessment in Team Sports Athletes

Muhamad Nor Amirul Mukminin Ramalan1 and Ahmad Fikri Mohd Kassim1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Coaching effectiveness leads to successful athletes, including athlete’s development
and performance, positive psychological progress and athlete outcomes. On the other
hands, anxiety is an experience of unpleasant athlete’s psychological and
physiological feeling. Therefore, the effectiveness of coach and relationship with the
athletes is the main causes that determine the enthusiasm of a team and the athlete’s
confidence. Hence, this study aims to investigate perceptions of athletes towards
coaching effectiveness, coach-athletes relationship and anxiety experience. The
Coaching Effectiveness Scale (CES), Coach-Athlete Relationship-Questionnaire
(CART-Q), and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) used for this study.
One hundred and fifty-two (n=152) athletes from various team sports football (n=18),
netball (n=18), rugby (n=12), handball (n=20), volleyball (n=20), sepak takraw (n=9),
frisbee (n=15), futsal (n=18) and hockey (n=22) completed a questionnaire pack
assessing the study variables. Result revealed that there were significant correlations
between all the factors of coaching effectiveness and all the factors of the coach-
athlete relationship. Results also reported, some of the anxiety assessment indicated
positive, negative and have shown no significant correlation with the factors of
coaching effectiveness and factors of the coach-athlete relationship. An analysis of t-
test revealed that no significant differences among all the factors of coaching
effectiveness between genders except “technique effectiveness” at p < .05 level of
significant. Further, there were no significant differences in the coach-athlete
relationship between genders except for “commitment”. However, there were
significant differences in anxiety assessment except “cognitive anxiety” between
genders. In conclusion, anxiety experience of athletes may differ according to gender
differences, it is inclusive, stimulating, comfortable and inspiring from the
relationship and effectiveness of the coaches as the achievement of its enhanced goals
and performs in a competitive environment.

Keywords: coach effectiveness, coach-athletes relationship, anxiety, sport
confidence, gender, team sports

11

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Differences on Stress Level as Perceived by Players of Leisure Electronic
Sport

Muhammad Afiq Afnan bin Enche Anuar and 1 and Khor Poy Hua1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Today electronic sport or E-sport has become one of the platforms for online game
enthusiasts to spend their leisure time. Not only men but also women dare to venture
into this platform. Armed with a big revolution, this platform continues to attract
gamers to spend time and make e-sport as one of the platforms to generate income.
As so, this study determines the differences on stress level perceived by leisure E-
sport players, specifically between the gender groups. Questionnaires were distributed
randomly to 140 leisure E-sport players (70 males and 70 females) in Malaysia. The
items in the questionnaire were adapted from Martin (2018) and Smith et al. (2006)
on their studies on the measurement of the stress level between E-sport players. Data
collected was statistically analysed using Descriptive Analysis and Independent
Sample T-Test. Basically, the players experienced psychological, behavioural, and
cognitive stress in leisure E-sport participation. Both the male and female leisure E-
sport players experienced the same level on psychological, behavioural, and cognitive
stress. These finding facts could be of benefits to the players and sport providers who
are interested to venture into E-sports. Future researcher could extend this study in
related to the different stress level in the population of professional E-sport players
and amateur E-sport players.

Keywords: E-sport, psychological stress, behavioural stress, cognitive stress,
gender groups

12

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Driving Factors that Influence Participation in Outdoor Recreational Activities
at Gopeng Glamping Park

Muhammad Amiro Zairan Amran1 and Mohd Khairulanwar Bin Md Yusof1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

In general, activities which take place in outdoor recreation, particularly outdoor
activities, can be define as free time activities which create interaction between
participants and nature and activities which enhance individual’s health, spiritual and
social benefits (Ibrahim and Cordes, 2002). The purpose of this study is to identify
the driving factors that influence participation in outdoor recreational activities at
Gopeng Glamping Park, Perak. This study examined of the internal and external
factors. This research surveyed 100 university students at Gopeng Glamping Park.
The respondents were selected based on gender group, 50 for male and 50 for female.
Results show that the highest mean for the component on internal factors is self-
esteem (M=3.59) and physiological need (M=3.59). The highest mean for component
in external factor is safety need (M=3.53). The finding showed that there is no
significant difference on the internal and external factors that influence participation
of university student in outdoor recreational activities at Gopeng Glamping Park based
on gender group since p>0.05. In conclusion this study expected to serve as guide to
related parties concerned about internal and external motivation that influence
participation of university student in outdoor recreational activities at Gopeng
Glamping Park. This study also provides information for Gopeng Glamping Park in
improving their management to the participation among university student in outdoor
recreational activites.

Keywords: internal motivation, external motivation, outdoor recreational
activities

13

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Influence of Transformational Leadership Styles on Team Cohesion among
Malaysia High Educational Institute (IPT) League 2019 Football Players

Muhammad Anas Ahmad Tarmizi1and Jamilah Ahmad Radzi1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

The potential impact that transformational leaders have on their contexts, by
introducing substantial changes to their social and work environments, as well as on
the values and behaviours of their followers justifies this interest. Transformational
leadership consist of four key components: idealized influence, intellectual
stimulation, individualized consideration, and inspirational motivation. The purpose
of the study was to examine transformational leadership as it may influence on team
cohesion. A total of 151 Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and The Group
Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) were distributed to the football players of
Malaysia IPT League 2019. Result of this study revealed that there were no significant
differences between upper and lower level performances on the transformational
leadership components including individual stimulation, inspiration motivation,
idealized influence, and individual consideration with p >0.05 accordingly. Similarly,
there were no significant differences of team cohesion between upper and lower level
performances (p> 0.05). The result demonstrated that the upper level performances
and lower level performances have perceived the same level of transformational
leadership style and team cohesion. Furthermore, there was significant correlation
between intellectual stimulation and individual attraction to group-task (p = .001). The
result also showed significant correlation between individualized consideration and
group integration-social (p=.001). It seems that, transformational leadership was
correlated to the team cohesion. For better understanding on transformational
leadership toward cohesion it is proposed that this work should be continued to
another dimension of transformational of leadership, to measure the other level of
competition.

Keywords: transformational leadership, cohesion, individualized
consideration

14

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

A Comparative Study of Sport Scape and Team Quality that Influence
Spectator Attendance between Fans of Kedah FA and Johor Darul Takzim

(JDT FC)

Nor Shamira Awangl1and Ellail Ain Mohd Aznan1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Sports scape is the bodily surroundings of the stadium that affect spectators' desire to
stay at the stadium and to return to the stadium to watch future games while team
quality is defined as the prevailing proportion of the taking part groups, number of
star players and the level of competition. The purpose of this study is to identify
differences of spectator attendance based on sport scape and team quality factors
between fans of Kedah FA and Johor Darul Takzim (JDT FC). A total of 380
questionnaires were distributed to the Kedah FA and JDT FC fans. The data were
analysed by using Independent sample T-test. Results shows that there is a significant
difference upon the spectator attendance with (p=0.00) which the JDT FC fans is more
likely to come to the match due to sports scape factors with (m=3.10) rather than the
Kedah FA fans with (m=2.68). Sport scape and team quality can influence the
spectator attendance to the football match at stadium. In order to identify cause of
poor attendance, future researcher can determine other factor such as ticket prices or
marketing strategy that can influence spectator attendance.

Keywords: sport scape; team quality; spectator attendance

15

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Social and Economic Impacts of Sports Tourism toward the Local
Communities at Pangkor Island

Nur A’syiqin binti Samsuri1 and Khor Poy Hua1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

The Perak state government is in the verge of boosting tourism on Pangkor Island.
The Perak Tourism Association suggested that the development in the island should
complement the government’s latest initiative to boost the tourism on the island. As
so, this study examines the social and economic impacts of sports tourism towards the
local communities at Pangkor Island, specifically between the gender groups.
Questionnaires were distributed randomly to 124 local communities (62 male and 62
females) at Pangkor Island. The items in the questionnaire were adopted from
previous studies on the impacts of sport tourism to the social and economic sectors by
Hasma (2013) and Haniff (2017). Data collected was statistically analysed using
Descriptive Analysis and Independent Sample t-test. Finding reveals that sports
tourism has significant social and economic impacts on the local communities. The
male local communities were highly affected by the social and economic factors of
sports tourism compared to the females. These findings could benefit the related local
communities and the District Municipal Council who involved directly or indirectly
in planning the development of tourism at Pangkor Island. Future researcher could
explore the other related impacts of sports tourism towards the local communities of
other island tourism destination for a better understanding of sports tourism.

Keywords: sports tourism, social impacts, economic impacts, local
communities, gender groups

16

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Sport Tourist’s Preference to Purchase ESCAPE Park Entrance Tickets Online

Nur Dinie Mustaqim binti Abdul Wahab1 and Khor Poy Hua1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Internet has moved from being only another innovation to a typical channel for data
and shopping. Peoples these days, utilized the web as a main medium to seek
information of data. This study determines the sports tourist’s preference to purchase
ESCAPE Park entrance tickets online, specifically between the gender groups.
Questionnaires were distributed randomly to 387 sports tourists (192 male and 192
females) at the ESCAPE Park. The items in the questionnaire were adopted from
Pereira et al.’s (2016) study on the mediating effect of satisfaction in tourism towards
online purchase determinants of loyalty. Data collected was statistically analysed
using Descriptive Analysis and Independent Sample T-Test. Basically, the sports
tourist considered the website image, website routine, website knowledge, and
website innovativeness in their decision in to purchase online entrance ticket to the
ESCAPE Park. Specifically, the male and female sports tourists perceived the same
level of influence by the factors of website image, website routine, website
knowledge, and website innovativeness. These findings can be of reference to the
related leisure sports providers and other sport tourism agencies in planning the
upcoming strategies to improve their website page to encourage online purchasing of
entrance ticket. Future studies could consider the customer’s satisfaction and loyalty
for a better understanding of sports tourists’ consumer behaviour and focusing on the
other demographic elements could benefits comparison purpose.

Keywords: website image, website routine, website knowledge, website
innovativeness, gender groups

17

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Motivation and Constraint of Outdoor Recreation among UiTM Perlis
Students

Nur Farhanah Binti Abdul Mohsin1 and Mohd Khairulanwar Bin Md Yusof1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out the outdoor recreation motivation and
constraint among Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch student. This research
focuses on the study of intrinsic, extrinsic and constraint factor. The total survey of
140 students representing 7 faculties in UiTM Perlis. Consist of 20 students from each
faculty and was selected based on their gender group, 10 males and 10 females. The
study indicates that the highest mean for preferable outdoor activity is orienteering
(M = 1.85). The results also showed that the highest mean for intrinsic motivation is
physiological needs (M = 3.28), while for extrinsic motivation is safety needs (M =
2.83), and the highest for constraint factor is interpersonal (M = 2.68) among the
students in UiTM Perlis. Finding showed that there is no significant difference for
extrinsic motivation and constraint factors based on gender group. However, there is
significant difference for intrinsic motivation based on gender group which is ‘Self-
actualization’ (t = -2.16, p < 0.05), ‘Esteem’ (t = -2.30, p < 0.05) and ‘Physiological
need’ (t = -2.08, p < 0.05). However, there are still a lot of other section needs to be
investigate where certain type of activities require certain geographical environment.
In conclusion, this study can be used to improve the organization system and engaging
in nature scene for the participation in outdoor recreation among UiTM Perlis
students.

Keywords: outdoor recreation, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation,
constraint factors

18

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

An Investigation of Coach-Athlete Relationship, Trust and Confidence among
Team Sport Athletes

Nur Maizatul Akma Jamal1 and Ahmad Fikri Mohd Kassim1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

In a sport setting, coach-athlete relationship is vital for learning and development of
an athlete’s performance. Coach play a role in the process of leading and influencing
the athlete’s confidence. The direction, instruction and planning in the training of team
sports build the trust between coach and athlete. Hence, coach’s responsibility to
ensure the relationship established to benefit athlete’s mentally confidence and
excitement for best performance. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the
coach-athlete relationships (3C’s), trust and confidence among team sport athletes.
This research conducted via an online survey to the volunteered university athletes
who has experience participated in high performance sports between the years of 2018
to 2019. A total of 152 athletes, male (n=77) and female (n = 75) from Netball (n =
18), Football (n = 20), Futsal (n = 38), Frisbee (n = 38), Volleyball (n = 38) types of
sports completed questionnaire pack assessing the study variables. The Coach-Athlete
Relationship 3C’s (CART-Q), Trust and Confidence were used as the instrument’s
questionnaire for this study. The results revealed that there were significant
relationships between factors of coach-athlete relationship with trust. However, there
were no significant relationships between factors of coach-athlete relationship with
confidence except for “commitment”. Further, factors of trust and confidence were
significantly associated. Analyses of t-test indicated that there were significant
differences in the perception of the coach-athlete relationship between genders
excluded for “complementarity” at p ≤ .05 level of significant. Next, trust and
confidence showed no significant differences between genders. ANOVA test showed
that there were no significant differences between all the factors of 3C’s with
categories of sports. However, trust and confidence showed that there were significant
differences between all the categories of sports. In conclusion, the coach-athlete
relationship is important to optimize effective coaches specifically helps athletes
psychologically enthusiasm, build the trust and confidence.

Keywords: coach-athlete relationship, trust, confidence, team sports athlete,
gender

19

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Relationship between Leadership Behavior of Coaches with Athlete Satisfaction
in UiTM Perlis

Nurin Shafiqah Binti Mohd. Fathain1 and Nuraimi Binti Othman1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Sport is never separated from the idea of teamwork, support, and interaction.
Regardless of what type of sport, individual or team sport, people will always be
dealing with each other to develop and grow. A player's self-satisfaction is how the
player assessed his or her performance. The purpose of the study is to investigate the
relationship between leadership behaviors with athlete satisfaction in UiTM Perlis. A
total of 212 athletes of UiTM Perlis completed the survey questionnaire. For this
study, two questionnaires were used which are the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS)
by Chelladurai and Saleh (1980) and the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ) by
Riemer and Chelladurai (1998). The Pearson Correlation results indicate that there
was a moderate, positive correlation between democratic behavior and athlete
satisfaction (r = .551, n = 212, P < .05). Besides that, it was also found a moderate,
positive correlation between positive feedback and athlete satisfaction (r = .499, n =
212, P < .05). While Independent Sample T-test was used to compare the difference,
it showed that there is no significant difference by gender for both democratic
behavior and positive feedback towards athlete satisfaction. Fortunately, the analysis
arrived with the following important aspects for future research which are to include
effective performance and motivational factors. It represents areas in which the
relationship among leadership behavior can be assessed. Therefore, the current study
may help coaches understand better how their leadership behaviors relate to the
performance of their team and strengthen the literature in this area.

Keywords: coach, leadership, coach behavior, athlete satisfaction

20

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Examining the Relationship among Motivation, Satisfaction, and Re-Patronage
of Sports Tourist’s Attendance at Batu Ferringhi

Nurzian Fakhira Binti Rosli1 and Nuraimi Binti Othman1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Sports tourism is a growing industry within the tourism sector. Unlike how the locals
view tourism, little is known about how visitors in the destination feel about tourism.
Nevertheless, studies have shown that the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of tourists
with the destination has a positive impact on their attitudes and reactions to tourism
within the destination. This research examined the motivations, satisfaction, and re-
patronage of sport tourist’s attendance at Batu Ferringhi. Specifically, it focused on
intrinsic motivation (enjoyment, personal feeling, and physical pleasure) and extrinsic
motivation (reward and appearance). Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 357
the tourists who visited Batu Ferringhi of Penang Island. Based on the results, there
was a significant relationship between intrinsic motivation (i.e. enjoyment, personal
feeling, physical pleasure) and satisfaction of sports tourist’s attendance at Batu
Ferringhi. Besides, appearance showed a significant relationship with satisfaction, but
not in reward. Regression analysis was used to test the mediator effect of satisfaction.
It was found that satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between motivation
and re-patronage of tourist's attendance. This study has shown that tourism marketer
and provider will get the same benefits which can be used as a reference for tourism
organizations to identify tourist motivation and participation among sport tourists,
specifically. The finding of this study provides methodological contributions and
practical implications for further understanding of motivation in the context of sport
tourism.

Keywords: sports tourism; motivation; satisfaction; re-patronage

21

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

A Study of WhatsApp Usage For Physical Activity Understanding among FSR
Students

Sharifah Zakirah Mansor1and Ellail Ain Mohd Aznan1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Accessibility of fitness facilities for people with disabilities is foremost because it is
the gateway to the participation of disabled people in all physical activity. The purpose
of this study is to identify the relationship between accessibility of fitness facility and
physical activity participation and the differences of physical activity participation
among disabled people and disabled athlete. A total of 100 questionnaires were
distributed to the disabled people and disabled athlete and people in Terengganu. The
data were analyzed by using Pearson Correlation and Independent Sample t-test. The
result showed that there is a significant relationship between the accessibility of the
fitness facility and physical activity participation with (p= 0.000), with weak
relationship (r= 0.356**), the results also indicates that there is a significant
difference on physical activity participation between disabled athlete and disabled
people with (p=0.000) which the disabled athlete participation is higher than the
disabled people by (m=3.16). Accessibility of fitness facility have significant value
but in a weak relationship. This shows that the physical activity participation have a
slightly effects towards the accessibility of fitness facility. For better understanding
on accessibility in fitness facility, it is proposed that this work should be continued to
support disabled people to participate in physical activity.

Keywords: fitness facility, physical activity, disabled people, disabled athlete

22

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Perception of Coach’s Leadership Styles as Preferred by Athletes of Universiti
Utara Malaysia (UUM)

Siti Nur Aishah binti Mohamad Khalid¹and Siti Hannariah binti Mansor¹
¹Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Leadership style is the manner and method of having guidance, program execution
and people encouragement. This requires the cumulative pattern of explicit and
implicit behaviour committed by its member. There are three major leadership style
such as authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic and laissez-fair. The
team sports involve any sport where individuals are grouped into teams of opponents
aiming to win while individual sports, such as golf, bowling and tennis, are considered
for the most part individual sports, sports that are played alone without teammates.
The purpose of this study is to identify perceptions of coach’s leadership styles as
preferred by athletes of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). A total of 110 athletes
(Team Sports=55, Individual Sports=55) participated using cluster sampling. The
questionnaire was adopted from The Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS). Descriptive
analysis was used to analyse the demographic data of respondents in the statistical
analysis. The findings showed that “Training and Instruction” (M=3.40) function was
the highest mean score over subscale function. Followed by “Positive feedback”
(M=3.35), “Democratic Behaviour” (M=3.28), “Social Support” (M=3.20), and
“Autocratic Behaviour” (M=1.95). There was no significant difference in term team
sport and individual sports for all components. Therefore, the findings have
implications for adapting coaching leadership behaviours when players of different
ages and with different levels of experience encounter prolonged periods of success
or failure. Future study could focus the importance of the athletes and coach
relationship and how this relationship can positively impact the performance of
athletes.

Keywords: leadership style, team sports, individual sports

23

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Motivation Functions towards Volunteerism in Sport Events in Alor Setar,
Kedah

Siti Nur Syahirah Binti Affendi¹and Siti Hannariah Mansor¹
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Volunteering signifies as non-salaried service that demands a sense of volunteer’s
responsibility in terms of time, effort and development of skills. Particularly,
volunteers have been a fundamental workforce in sport because without it many sport
organizations may not survive. However, the emerging gap between decreasing
number of volunteers and the need for volunteer has become a major concern. This
research study aimed to investigate the level of motivation towards volunteerism in
sport events and to identify the differences on motivation towards volunteerism in
sport events between genders. In this research, 100 of volunteers (Male = 50, Female
= 50) participated using cluster sampling. All respondents answered Volunteer
Functions Inventory which consists of 6 subscales of VFI with 28 items. Descriptive
analysis were used to analyze the demographic data of respondents in the statistical
analysis. The findings showed that “Value” function was the highest mean score over
subscale functions. Compared to the male volunteers, females usually will face gender
discrimination over their competency in volunteering act which lowered their
motivation towards volunteerism. However, this study shows there was no significant
difference in motivation functions between male and female volunteers. The findings
of this study can be reference to the sport organizations to positively influence the
volunteers in order to strengthen the organizational support. Future studies could
focus specifically on the age groups of volunteers for a better end result of the
findings.

Keywords: volunteerism, motivation, gender groups

24

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Leadership Styles Preferred by KARISMA Athletes UiTM Perlis Branch

Syd Mohd Fitri bin Syd Mohamad1 and Siti Hannariah binti Mansor1
1 Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Leadership behavior styles are very important in the world of sports. Leadership style
of coaches shape the environment in which athletes carry out responsibilities, affect
communication skills as well as meet the basic psychological needs of the athletes.
There are five coaching styles within the Leadership Scale for Sports which are
autocratic behaviour, democratic behaviour, social support, positive feedback, and
training and instruction. The purpose of this study is to identify the leadership styles
preferred by KARISMA athletes UiTM Perlis Branch. A total of 100 athletes (Contact
Sports =50, Non-contacts Sports =50) participated using cluster sampling. All
respondents answered The Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) by P. Chelladurai & S.
D. Saleh, 1980. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the demographic data of
respondents in the statistical analysis. The findings showed that “Positive feedback”
(M=4.16) function was the highest mean score over subscale function. Followed by
“Training and Instruction” (M=4.11), “Autocratic Behaviour” (M= 4.00) “Democratic
Behaviour” (M=3.91), and “Social Support” (M=3.72). There was significant
difference in term contacts sports and non-contact sports for training and instruction
and positive feedback. Meanwhile, there was no significant different in term contacts
sports and non-contact sports for democratic behaviour, autocratic behaviour and
social support. The findings of the study revealed that both type of sports athletes were
preferred a positive feedback of leadership. Results of this study provide information
for coaches to understand the preferences in leadership of KARISMA athletes. For a
better understanding on the leadership styles preferred by KARISMA athletes UiTM
Perlis Branch, it is recommended for future research to continue with leadership style
preferred in term outdoor sports and indoor sports.

Keywords: leadership style, autocratic behaviour, democratic behaviour

25

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

ABSTRACT OF THE FINAL YEAR PROJECT
SR243 - BACHELOR OF SPORTS SCIENCE (HONS.)

26

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

A Review of the Effects of Foam Rolling on Flexibility, Strength, Power and
Speed

Aiman Najmuddin Bin Ariffin1 and Tham Yin Choong1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
The use of foam rolling (FR) has become a popular technique of self-massage to
improve muscular performance and flexibility. However, the existing literature on the
effects of FR is unclear and contradicting. The purpose of this study was to review the
literature about the physiological and mechanical effects of the self-myofascial release
(SMR) using foam rolling on flexibility, strength, power, and speed performance. A
systematic literature search of journals and articles about the effects of FR on physical
performance were performed using the Google Scholar search engines. Twenty five
studies were extracted that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. The existing
literature provided some evidence that support the use of FR as a warm-up activity
resulted in improvement in flexibility and speed but no significant improvement in
muscular strength and power. There was sufficient evidence that justify the
effectiveness of using foam rolling in pre-exercise activity rather than in post-exercise
recovery. This review provides valuable information on the impact of foam rolling on
range of movement (ROM) and muscle performance. Larger longer-term and more
elaborate high-quality studies which repeat some of the current protocols would
provide more insight to the body of literature are recommended for future study.

Keywords: foam rolling, self-myofascial release (SMR), flexibility

27

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Mental Health Status during Movement Control Order (MCO) Among
Faculty of Sports Science & Recreation (FSR) UiTM Perlis’s Students
During Outbreak of Covid-19

Che Mohd Fazwan Che Mahadi1 and Zulkifli Ismail1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

In contempt of the pandemic and catastrophic health emergency of COVID-19 along
with the set of new normal that a person needs to adapt, it has been affected by
different kinds of subjective and objective factors and students are at the risk of
developing several mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to
determine the mental health status during MCO among FSR UiTM Perlis’s students,
to compare by socio-demographic (gender, education level, course, and year of study)
and to identify the factor causing stress during the outbreak of COVID-19. 457
students of FSR UiTM Perlis, aged 20.75 ±1.61 years old were conveniently selected
to participate in this study. General Health Questionnaire with 12-item (GHQ-12) was
used to assess the mental health problem. One-sample t-test, Independent sample t-
test, and One-way ANOVA test with significance level 0.05 was used to analyse the
significant relationship of the data. There was significant difference in mental health
status among FSR UiTM Perlis’s students (1.64 ± 0.27), p = 0.00) from the test value
of 3. Further analysis demonstrates there was significant different on mental health in
terms of gender (p = 0.017). This study found no significant difference of mental
health when comparing by other socio-demographic factors (education level; p = 0.31,
course; p = 0.59, year of study; p = 0.75). On the other hand, the findings showed that
the main factor causing the stress during MCO was frustration and boredom (Yes =
69.8%). GHQ-12 was a simple and useful instrument to assess mental health status
among individuals in a general population. Generally, FSR UiTM Perlis’s students
were in a mentally healthy condition. However, students who might have serious
mental health problem can be suggested with psychological assistance services
provided by the local universities, national mental health institutions or other
responsible associates in order to reduce the level of distress, loss of confidence,
anxiety and uncertainty.

Keywords: mental health, Movement Control Order (MCO), COVID-19,
GHQ-12

28

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Coaching Leadership Styles and Athlete Satisfaction among Footballer in
Selangor Sports School

Faiezudin Bin Mohd Kamal1 and Siti Hannariah Binti Mansor1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

The emergence of coaching leadership styles approach for footballer athletes has
prompted extensive implication in sports area. However, the pertinent issues
regarding the bases of such coaching leadership styles and its consonance with the
athlete’s satisfaction have received little attention due to some reasons. This research
examines the level and correlation of coaches coaching leadership style with
satisfaction. There are six sub constructs have been measured, namely autocratic,
democratic, positive feedback, training & instruction, social support, situational
consideration. This quantitative study uses a descriptive analysis to identify the level
of each variables and Pearson Correlation Matrix was used to analyze for relationship
between coaching leadership styles and athlete satisfaction among footballer.
Participants consist of athletes or footballer (n = 80) were selected from Selangor
Sports School. The findings showed that “Training and Instruction” (M = 3.79)
function was the highest mean score over under a leadership styles scale. Followed by
“Positive feedback” (M = 3.72), “Situational Consideration” (M = 3.46), “Social
Support” (M = 3.20), “Democratic” (M = 2.98) and “Autocratic Behavior” (M = 2.64).
Furthermore, there was a significant relationship occurred between coaches’
leadership styles (all dimensions) and athletes’ satisfaction. It concludes that the
coaching leadership styles was linked with the athlete satisfaction. Further research
was warranted to investigate especially on qualitative method to gain more
information about the athlete’s satisfaction factors such as environment, motivation,
self-efficacy and parental involvement and perhaps it can contribute to add new
variables to be tested.

Keywords: leadership styles, coaches, athlete, satisfaction

29

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Analysis of Shot Efficacy and Shooting Zone on Laterality of Foot Strikes
During Penalty Shot in FIFA World Cup 2014 and 2018

Farah Nurliyana Mohd Zaki1 and Zulkifli Ismail1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Penalty kick is one of the most dramatic situations and often become decisive
instances in football matches. The aim of this research was to determine the shot
efficacy in relation to the shooting zone on the laterality of foot strikes during penalty
shots in FIFA World Cup 2014 and 2018. The sum of 93 penalties kick on FIFA World
Cup 2014 and 2018 were analysed. The variables of these studies were: (1) shot
efficacy (goal, saved and missed), (2) laterality of foot strikes (right-footed and left-
footed), (3) side of shooting zone (right side and left side) and (4) height of shooting
zone (high zone and low zone). The hypotheses were analysed using a chi-square test
with significance level p<0.05. As a result, there were no significant differences in
shot efficacy to laterality of foot strikes (p>0.05). For the results for difference on shot
efficacy in relation to side of shooting zone of laterality of foot strikes there was no
significant were found (p>0.05). In term of shot efficacy to height of shooting zone
between laterality of foot strikes there were significant difference (p<0.05). These
findings highlight the shot efficacy impact by laterality of foot strikes and height of
shooting zone.

Keywords: penalty kick, laterality of foot strikes, shot efficacy, height of
shooting zone, side of shooting zone

30

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Analysis Type of Penalty Corner towards Goal Succession in, Knockout Stage
of International Hockey Tournament

Abdul Hadi Bin Che Pa1 and Mohd Syafiq Bin Miswan1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Penalty corner is one of the most relevant field hockey game situations.
Penalty corners in field hockey requires a comprehensive examination, given
the significance that can be had within the last conclusions of the competition. Second
his manner constraining the test of post-rule-change matches to as it were one year,
as restricted to a number of tests from various a long time some time recently and after
the rule change which might have been more informative. Total 16 matches from
semifinal to final of International men’s hockey fields. The performances indicator
which is type of penalty corner toward goal succession in men’s fields hockey. After
selection of indicator, start to collect data based on the performances indicator then
analyses with indicator that determines. Pusher 6.00 ± 1.16 (17%) for taping in
modern hockey taping also had 88 ±885 (2%). For forehand had 1.25 ±856 (4%).
For back hand 5.69 ±1.493 (16%). Dynamic 2.13 ±1.204 (12%). For static the most
frequency use for the penalty corner is 4.75 ±1.390 (13%). For the technique of taking
penalty corner has three type is drag flick, hitting and deflect. For drag flick 4.25 ±
1.125 (12%) and the hitting 1.19 ±.750 (3%) and the deflect .88 ±1.088 (2%) we see
that the most technique that applied to the penalty corner is the drag flick because the
big chances to get the goal with the penalty corner. for the goal is 4.06 ±1.526 (7%)
for no goal 2.63 ± 1.526 (18%). Findings of this study were that the frequency of
taking penalty corner will not bring any significant to a team. In the modern hockey
the most important thing is play with the team mate and speed and basic its most
important key to win the tournoment. As a conclusion, based on the objective and
purposed of this research which were to analyses and study between the correlation of
frequency of penalty corner , number of successful and unsuccessful penalty corner at each
section and outcome towards the succession of a match brought a different result of
each variables selected for this study.

Keywords: penalty corner, toward, succession goal

31

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Awareness of Nutrition Knowledge among UiTM Sports Science Athletes

Izyan Hani Ismail1 and Al Hafiz Abu Bakar1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Nutrition knowledge among athletes has been proved to influence exercise
performance. Athletes need sufficient knowledge of nutrition subject in order to
understand the importance of food choices for their athletic performance. There is
limited study of nutrition knowledge among sports science athletes. The objective of
the study was to examine the awareness of nutrition knowledge in difference semester
of Diploma sports science athletes in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The
sample size that required as respondents for this study was 289 sports science athletes
UiTM Perlis. All participants completed the questionnaire of Likert-Scale Component
of Nutritional Questionnaire. The questions contain 35 questions which test nutrition
knowledge. The main components of the questionnaire consist of two sections.
Section A are questions on demographic survey of the respondents and section B on
the awareness of nutrition knowledge among different semester. The study found that
the mean score for semester 2 respondents had statistically lower awareness on
nutrition knowledge (3.72 ±0.53) compared to semester 4 (3.82 ±0.51), (p=0.129).
There were no significant differences on awareness of nutrition knowledge.
Inadequate of awareness on nutrition knowledge among sports science athletes
because in Diploma session they only study a basic nutrition in their syllabus. This
study concludes the important of nutrition knowledge among sport science athletes, it
is noteworthy to suggest with sports science athletes and athletes.

Keywords: awareness, nutrition, sports science

32

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Awareness and Knowledge on Hydration among Difference Semesters of
Diploma UiTM Sports Science Athletes

Ku Nurfaten Syazwani binti Ku Mhd Rizal1 and Al-Hafiz Abu Bakar1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Hydration is an important part of athletic performance, understanding athletes’
hydration knowledge and awareness is critical for sport practitioners because proper
hydration during training or competition will improve performance, avoid resulting
thermal stress, maintain plasma volume, delay fatigue, and avoid injuries related with
dehydration and sweat loss. There is limited study among sports science athletes in
hydration awareness and knowledge. The purpose of this study was to examine the
awareness and knowledge on hydration among sports science athletes between
semesters. A total of 295 UiTM diploma sports science athlete’s semester 2 and
semester 4 were involved in this study. Data was conducted by using of Likert-Scale
Component of Hydration Awareness Questionnaire and Optional Component of
Hydration Knowledge Questionnaire. Socio-demographic information, hydration
awareness and hydration knowledge were collected using questionnaires. The study
found that the mean score for semester 2 respondents had statistically lower awareness
on hydration (8.30 ± 1.34) compared to semester 4 (9.10 ± 1.11), (p= 0.001). For
Knowledge Hydration component, the higher scored were from semester 4, 56.5%
compared to semester 2, 43.5%. The result showed that semester 4 was more aware
and had a better knowledge on hydration compared to semester 2. The improvements
may due to more knowledge that they gained in sports science subjects in class and
more experiences as sports science athletes compared to semester 2.

Keywords: hydration, awareness, knowledge, sports science

33

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Impact of Physical Aggression towards Physical Injuries between
Professional Football and Rugby Players

Mohamad Fadli Silah1 and Jamilah Ahmad Radzi1
1Faculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Sports have created a higher chance to get injury based on act of aggressive.
Competition in sport can lead to serious situation of injury that may involve the use
of aggression beside that the risk of injury will keep increasing based on the level of
competition. Therefore, the purpose of this study identifies the most common types
and location of injuries caused by physical aggression among professional football
and rugby players. The total 20 videos from professional football and rugby were
analyzed. The variables were the action lead to injury, type of injury, location of injury
and the outcomes the player. A Chi-Square Test was used to analyze the significant
of the data. The result demonstrated that, there is a significant different between types
caused by physical aggression between professional football and rugby players (p >
0.05). In addition, there is a significant different between location cause by physical
aggression among professional football and rugby players (p <0.05). Moreover, in this
current study shows that rugby have higher in type of injury than football and for
location of injury rugby is higher than football. These finding provide information
about what are the most common injury happen in professional football and rugby
player, with this information hopefully it can help to improve players strengthen body
part to reduce the risk of injury become severe. This result study suggests that, for
future research should study about another league or other sports to get more
information about injury like UEFA Champion League or Rugby World Cup because
the competition is at higher level.

Keywords: physical aggression, aggressive, action lead to injury, injury

34

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Prevalence of Nutrition Knowledge among University Soccer Athletes

Mohammad Afiq Fadzrul Mohd Kamaruzaman1 and Harris Kamal
Kamaruddin1

1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis
Branch

Abstract
Nutrition plays important role in human health by playing a significant role in
achieving and maintaining better health. It is an essential component to dietary
behaviour that can enhance athlete’s performance. Athlete with good nutrition
knowledge can improve their performance and body mass. The purpose of this study
is to investigate the prevalence of nutrition knowledge of university soccer athletes (n
= 70) between difference of level of participants (national, state and university).
Nutritional knowledge was assessed using a psychometrically validated and reliable
questionnaire. Overall mean score for nutrition knowledge was .450 ± .085. There
was no significant in nutrition knowledge between national, state and university level,
F (2) = 0.550, p = 0.58 with mean score of .450 ±.082, .470 ±.08 and .444 ±.089,
respectively. The findings of the study provide evidence that they have no significant
implication of level of participant in relation to their nutritional knowledge. Further
research is warranted to investigate prevalence of nutrition knowledge of professional
soccer athletes.

Keywords: nutrition knowledge, gender, level of participant

35

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Personality Characteristics of Youth Athlete in Joining Their First Ever
Contact Sport in State Competition

Muhammad Iklil Muhaimin Amirruddin1 and Norfaezah Mohd Rosli1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
This study concern about the personality characteristics on the youth athlete from
Majlis Sukan Negeri Perlis development. Seven type of contact sports were selected
on this study which are Taekwando, Silat, Karate, Rugby, Football, Muay Thai and
Wushu. An instrument was adopted from the Jowett and Ntoumanis (2009) by the
Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). The instrument was issued to the
178 students form the Majlis Sukan Negeri Perlis development. The hypotheses were
statistically analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Independent sample t-test, at p
< 0.05 level of significant. In terms of type of personality, the highest mean score of
the ‘Agreeableness’ personality characteristics between the type of sport was
generally the ‘Football’ while the lowest mean score was ‘Wushu’ (M = 2.22).
Moreover, there were no significance difference between male and female t (176) = -
1.56, p = 0.12 (Male: M = 2.07, Female: M = 2.11) which is shows that both males
and females had no change in personality. However, there were significance
difference between individual sport and team sport t (172) = -1.62, p = 0.02
(Individual Sport: M = 2.27, Team Sport: M = 2.18) which shows that both individual
sport and team sport had a different in personality characteristics. These findings
provide valuable information about the personality characteristics for athlete, coaches
and sport psychologists. Hopefully, future researchers could relate this type of
personality of athlete with studies on other sport field instead of contact sport.

Keywords: personality, youth athlete, individual sport, team sport

36

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping on Sports Performance: A Systematic
Review

Muhammad Irfan Bin Abdul Rahim1 and Nurul Afiqah Binti Bakar1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Kinesio taping (KT) is one of the external supports that used to protect, support
muscle, prevent from injury, and strengthen the joints and can help athlete to return
to sport as soon as possible. The objective was to review the effectiveness of kinesio
taping as preventive purpose on sports performance; speed, agility, flexibility,
stability or balance. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched during July
2019 that containing the words of “kinesio tape”, “speed”, “agility”, “flexibility” and
“balance”. The inclusion criteria included participant were found as athlete and non-
athlete, participants involved were healthy and the study design compare the type of
taping, the taping application, the outcomes were the sport performance or daily
activity, and involve in randomisation. Kinesio taping (KT) seems to increase range
of motion, increase blood flow and strengthen the joint. But less effectiveness towards
healthy population. Based on the finding, not enough data or evidence towards the
effectiveness of kinesio taping (KT) towards the agility and stability. Further study is
needed to examine the effectiveness of kinesio taping on sports performance by using
injured participant or do not perform any exercise.

Keywords: taping, kinesio tape, sport performance

37

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Analysis of Attacking Indicator of Rugby Seven towards Match Outcome
among South East Asia National Team

Muhammad Nur Raihan Bin Norhisham1 and Mohd Syafiq Bin Miswan1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
This study evaluates the performance indicator among all of South East Asia rugby 7s
team in Sea Games 2017 Kuala Lumpur. In 2015 Sea Games that held in Singapore,
Malaysia won the silver medal but in 2017 Malaysia won the gold medal. The purpose
of the study to investigate the different of attacking performance indicator of all teams
in Sea Games 2017 rugby 7s men category. Successful passing, successful tackle and
successful rucking were selected as a performance indicator in this study. Fifteen
matches were from the round robin (play as league) and three matches from 5th and
6th place match, bronze medal match and gold medal match. All of the 18 matches
were obtained from www.youtube.com. Hand notation was used to do notation for all
the attacking indicator and Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used and Spearman Correlation
test was used to determine the correlation. Percentage of successful passing (p=0.068),
successful tackle (p=0.357) and successful rucking (p=0.383) were significant
different between all teams that compete in competition. This study concluded that a
high percentage of successful passing and successful rucking influenced the match
outcome of the team to win the game.

Keywords: performance indicator, Sea Games 2017 rugby 7s, matches
analysis

38

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Pain Coping Strategies Response among Injured Athletes

Nur Adnin Ab Wahab1, and Harris Kamal Kamaruddin1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Sport injury effected many sites from the athletes themselves, coaches, team, and
many others. This study identifies the pain coping strategy employed among athletes
who have experienced with sports injuries. The pain coping response categorized
injured athletes into two type of strategies that is utilized by them, which is active and
passive pain coping strategy. Eighty-three sports injury experience (aged 23 ± 3,
experience in sport (81.3 ± 55.1 months), duration of injury (24.5 ± 36.7 months))
volunteered to participate in the study. The active or passive pain coping strategies
(PCS) was evaluated using Pain Coping Inventory (PIC) questionnaire. The active and
passive PCS were 2.51 ± 0.54 and 2.38 ± 0.48, respectively. Statistical analysis
revealed that there was a significant difference between active and passive PCS (p =
0.031). There was no significant difference in PCS within team and individual sport
and between levels of competitions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, injured athletes prefer
to use active PCS when compare to passive PCS. Further research is warranted to
investigate the impact of pain distraction on athlete’s performance and mental health.

Keywords: coping strategy, sports psychology, pain, level of competition,
athletes

39

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Effects of Music on Academic Performance among IKBN Students (Jitra)

Nur Anis Lyana Binti Ayob 1 and Azzura Binti Kamarudin 1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Abstract
Music is an essential part of psychological needed among human being. Listening to
music while studying or completing a homework project is one of the most common
forms of multitasking among students but, there is no clear data about the effect of
music on academic performance. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the effects
of music on academic performance among IKBN Jitra students. A total of 120
respondents among college students of IKBN Jitra with ages 19 to 24 years old were
set up in a group WhatsApp to answer the questionnaire by using Google Form.
Questionnaire Music Preference Questionnaire (MPQ-R) adopted by Kotsopoulou,
A., & Hallam, S. (2010) were used. Independent Sample t-test was used to identify
the effects of music on academic performance among IKBN Jitra students. The
hypothesis was statistically analyzed using Independent t-test by gender, which is
Levene’s Test for equality of variance = .980, and t-test for equality means = .726.
The results prove that there was a significant effect between gender male and female.
In conclusion, students in IKBN Jitra have shown that music can improve their ability
to keep studying. Hence, for suggestion for future studies, the study could emphasize
the bigger sample size and focus on other races.

Keywords: academic, music, college student, performance

40

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Effects of Music on Academic Performance among University Students in
UniMAP

Nur Fareha Binti Zamri1 and Azzura Binti Kamarudin1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Listening to music while studying has become a usual practice in the student
population. While one group of students claim it would have a greater improvement
during independent work but some researchers said it would recall less information.
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of music on the academic
performance of students’ Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) and to investigate the
relationship between type and performance of the music students listening during their
studies and their level of education. Questionnaires adopted from Anastasia
Kotsopoulou & Susan Hallam (2010) measurement scale entitled Music Preference
Questionnaire (MPQ – R) were issued to 150 students from different faculties between
age 18-24 years old. Using Statistical Package for Social Science, the hypotheses were
statistically analysed using Pearson correlation, at p ≤ .05 level of significant.
Descriptive statistics were used to report the demographic data of the study while
Pearson correlation statistic was used to determine the influence of music on the
academic performance of students. The findings were that is a significant relationship
(p<0.05) exists between music and academic achievement among UniMAP students.
The result showed that a low correlation relationship in effect and influence. These
findings indicate that music can effect to academic but not on influence to study due
to the result which is low. As conclusion, music can effect the academic performance
and help them to concentrate while studying but not to influence they to keep studying
for a long period of time.

Keywords: music, academic performance, university

41

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Level of Tendency to Listen to Slow Music or Asmaul Husna While
Performing 10,000 Steps in Public Activities-Self Report Administrated

Nur Izatul Aida binti Abdul Manaf1 and Azzura binti Kamarudin1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Asmaul Husna is one of soul rhythmic tempo and classified as slow music tempo.
This study was to determine which tempo is the tendency when public performing
10,000 steps and to evaluate physical activity level user which music tempo preferable
between gender male and female. IPAQ (International Physical Activity
Questionnaire, 2000) was adopted as the tool to measure the physical activity category
by self administrated to report their previous activities for last seven days. Total
respondents for this study are n=56. The mean and standard deviation for age 2 ±1,
BMI 25.45 ±6.93, total METs 4826.85 ±7544.25 and PA 2.27 ±0.7. The result of
correlation in term of level of the tendency to listen to slow music or Asmaul Husna,
both genders more tendency to listen to Asmaul Husna. The correlations are
significant with low relationship. As a result, female more tendency to listen Asmaul
Husna then male and for slow music also female had more tendency then male while
performing physical activity or 10,000 steps. Hopefully, future researchers could
relate this issues with studies on other populations.

Keywords: slow music, Asmaul Husna, physical activity,10000 steps

42

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Awareness of Sleep Quality among UiTM Sports Science Athletes

Nur Syuhada Azahar1 and Al Hafiz Abu Bakar1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

Sleep is important for individuals to maintain a functioning life and healthy. The most
importance of sleep is quality and quantity. Increasing quality and quantity of sleep
will enhance physical performance. While many questionnaires have been used to
evaluate sleep efficiency, few all-inclusive assessment scales have been established.
To date, most of the studies looking on the sleep quality among elite athletes. Limited
study has systematically investigated the sleep quality among sports science athlete.
The objective of this study was to examine the awareness of sleep quality among
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) sports science athletes between different
semesters. The sample size that required as respondent for this study was 289 sports
science athletes of UiTM Perlis. All participants completed the questionnaire of
Likert-Scale Component of Sleep Quality Questionnaire. The surveys include 28
questions about the awareness of sleep quality. The main component of the
questionnaire consists of two sections. Section A are question on demographic survey
of the respondents and section B on the awareness of sleep quality among different
semester. There were no significant differences on sleep quality among sports science
athletes between semester 2 and semester 4 (p = 0.227). The study found that the mean
score for semester 2 respondents had statistically lower awareness on sleep quality
(3.45 ± 0.48) compared to semester 4 (3.51 ± 0.49). The findings of awareness on
sleep quality showed that no significant because athletes for both semesters do not
have effective sleep management and will thus be prepared to develop safe sleep
quality and ways to solve challenges such as not falling asleep or experiencing night-
time awaken. This study concludes that the sleep quality is very important to athletes.
Sleep quality is common prior to major competitions in athletes, yet most athletes are
unaware of strategies to overcome the poor sleep experienced. It is essential coaches
and scientists monitor and educate both individual and team sport athletes to facilitate
sleep prior to important competitions.

Keywords: sleep quality, awareness, sports science athletes

43

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Relationship of Nutrition Knowledge among University Athletes

Nurul Afiqah Omardin1 and Harris Kamal Kamaruddin1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, University Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
The nutrition and training have a positive interaction in adapted the body to develop
functional and metabolic adaptations. Lack of nutrition knowledge could be effected
the athletes because they have a greater nutritional need due to the greater energy
demands associated with training and sport participation. Purpose in this study was to
investigate the relationship of nutrition knowledge between levels of participation.
Sample of the participation is from UiTM’s athletes (n = 125); male (n = 75) 0.45 ±
0.11; female (n = 50) 0.47 ±0.13; age 1.79 ±0.57; level of participation 5.25 ±0.91;
height 2.96 ± 0.74; weight 1.55 ± 0.58; type of sport 9.68 ± 5.69). The nutrition
knowledge was evaluated using validated questionnaire. The result showed mean
score in overall nutrition knowledge was 0.46 ± 0.12. There was a weak positive
correlation between recovery and level of participation. There was significant
correlation between weight control and level of participation. (r = 0.268), (n = 125),
(p = 0.003). There was no significant correlation between nutrition knowledge and
gender (r = -0.064), (n = 125), (p = 0.480). There no correlation between nutrition
knowledge and gender. The main finding of the study is, there are relationships
between weight control and athletes in university level. Athletes can able to
manipulated and control their weight, because some athletes gain to absolute size and
increase their performance.

Keywords: weight control, nutrition knowledge, level of participation, gender

44

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Estimation of Leisure Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour among
FSR Students of UiTM Perlis during Movement Control Order (MCO)

Rosidah Omar1 and Syed Syahbudin Syed Omar1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Physical activity increases the quality of life also increase and it is related. Due to
Covid-19, people were inhibiting from getting involve to outdoor activities especially
event that attached to others and not physically active. So, the aims of this study to
compare the estimate of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour among
Faculty of Sports Science (FSR) students of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
Perlis during Movement Control Order (MCO). The number of respondents were 81
whereas 37 males and 44 females. They were given questionnaire represent leisure
time physical activity and sedentary behavior adopted from IPAQ-Long Form to
measure total physical activity and total sitting between gender among FSR student
of UiTM Perlis and hypotheses were statistically analysed using Independent sample
t-test, at p ≤ .05 level of significant. The results show the estimation of leisure time-
physical activity and sedentary behaviour was not significant among FSR students.
However, total sitting for male and female shows significant when p > 0.05. These
findings show that, there is no difference on the estimate of leisure time physical
activity and sedentary behaviour between gender among FSR students of UiTM
Perlis. For further recommendation, researcher should enlarge number of populations.
So, result more accurate due to number of sample size of participant of respondent.

Keywords: leisure time-physical activity, sedentary behaviour

45

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

ABSTRACT OF THE FINAL YEAR PROJECT
SR245 - BACHELOR OF HEALTH AND FITNESS (HONS.)

46

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Knowledge and Awareness on Chair Aerobic Exercise Related to Physical
Fitness among Male Adults

Siti Sara binti Gibol1and Azzura binti Kamarudin1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Exercise chair aerobic is the solution to improve the physical fitness that can reduce
the risk of injuries, weight management, and get quality of life. Before doing this
exercise, this study is to find out the knowledge and awareness toward the male adults.
The purpose on this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness on chair aerobic
exercise related to physical fitness among male adults. The study conduct at UiTM
Perlis branch with random selected of 120 respondents to answer the questionnaire at
range of age 18-39 years old. The hypothesis statically analyzes using the One-Sample
T-Test statistic p ≥ .05 level of significant. In terms of the knowledge and awareness
about exercise, the male adults were significantly experience to get knowledge and
learn the awareness to improve their reading skills and future plan for apply this
exercise with suitable condition. However, there were significant differences in the
knowledge and awareness among male adults towards chair aerobic exercise. This
finding provides the general knowledge, daily physical activities, body composition
and the cardiovascular fitness that related on this exercise. Hopefully, the future
researchers could continue this study on other populations.

Keywords: knowledge, awareness, chair aerobic exercise, physical fitness,
male adults

47

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

Eating Habits, Physical Activity and Lifestyle during Movement Control Order
(MCO) Among Community of Petaling Jaya during Pandemic Disease
Coronavirus 2019 (CoViD-19)

Amirul Shahidan Shahrunizan1 and Siti Jameelah Md Japilus1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract

As an announcement of the lockdown, people were discouraged by just staying at
home and only going out if there is any essential matter. The application has affected
the globe’s nutritional pattern and lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to evaluate
the eating habits, physical activity, and lifestyle during MCO among community of
Petaling Jaya during pandemic disease Coronavirus 2019 (CoViD-19), relatable to
age, gender, and situation during MCO. Questionnaire adopted by Turconi et al.,
(2003), filled by 386 participants from the community. The survey blasted only on
online platform to avoid contact transmission by hard-copy survey during quarantine.
There is a significant difference that samples above 35 years old obtained higher score
for the variables, analyzed by Kruskal Wallis Test at p< .05. While Spearman’s Rank
Order Correlation shown a strong positive relationship (.77) between gender towards
eating habits. Most of the sample had partially satisfactory eating habits (28.04 ±4.22)
over 42. Only 15% of the sample size are active in physical level. 84% of subjects
have a good capacity for using advice aimed to improve their well-being. While 82.9%
of subjects got no barriers in modifying one’s eating habits to improve them.
Respondents above 35 years old value health more than the younger relate to the effect
of disease. It is important to establish tailor-made dietary strategies, practice physical
activity, improve the awareness of communities to follow a healthier lifestyle during
this pandemic. Future research could compare the variables repeated to its specific
times.

Keywords: eating habits, physical activity, lifestyle, quarantine, CoViD-19

48

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

The Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Regarding Healthy
Lifestyle among UiTM Perlis Students

Ahmad Syakir Shamsudin1 and Ahmad Dzulkarnain Ismail1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, UniversitiTeknologi MARA Perlis

Branch

Abstract
Practicing a healthy lifestyle like regular exercise is a good thing for a student's life,
especially in terms of physical and psychosocial health. This study aimed to identify
the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding exercise among UiTM
Perlis students between males and females. Data were collected from 357 students
from six faculties. The questionnaire was distributed using the Google form through
the link provided and the data were analyzed by using the Independent sample T-test.
From this study showed that total score for knowledge regarding exercise was no
significant difference between males (M = 15.76, SD = 4.03) and females (M = 15.75,
SD = 4.10) which p-value > 0.05. The results on total score for attitude regarding
exercise shown there was no significant difference between males (M = 40.14, SD =
5.5) and females (M = 40.07, SD = 5.65) which p-value > 0.05. For the total score
practice regarding exercise shown that there was no significant difference in males
(M = 9.71, SD = 1.93) and females (M = 9.40, SD = 2.09) which p-value > 0.05. This
study found that the level of KAP among students was moderate. Therefore, relevant
policies and campaigns might be able to change and improve the level of KAP
regarding exercise among UiTM Perlis students.

Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, healthy lifestyle

49

FYP Abstract August 2020
Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation

UiTM Perlis Branch

A Study of WhatsApp Usage For Physical Activity Understanding Among FSR
Students

Ammar Ashraf Sawal1, Ellail Ain Mohd Aznan1
1Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis

Branch

Abstract
WhatsApp is one of the communication medium used by people in communicating
and enhancing networking. WhatsApp is known for its fast delivery on the
information and conversation and educating as well. The purpose of this study is to
understand the relationship between WhatsApp usage and physical activity
understanding among of Faculty Sport Science and Recreation students. A total of
294 questionnaire were distributed to the students of Faculty Sport Science and
Recreation, UiTM Perlis. The inclusion was as followed (1) gender and age 18-26
years old; (2) level of studied; (3) programme of studied; (4) current semester. The
data was analyzed by using Pearson Correlation. Results shows that there is significant
relationship between WhatsApp usage and physical activity understanding among
FSR students with (p=0.00) and incurred a moderate relationship with (r=0.404).
From the study, it can be concluded that WhatsApp can be used as an application in
creating understanding for physical activity, however since the relationship strength
is moderate thus a further study is needed in increasing the level of understanding and
developing a strong relationship upon WhatsApp usage and physical activity. The
study shows that FSR students does understand the information and instruction given
through WhatsApp, yet the study need to be expanded to enhance the level of
understanding.

Keywords: WhatsApp, physical activity, students

50