Nepali Book_ class 5- Krishal

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lyof] .

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kmf/; elgGYof] / kmf/;L afb;fx;u“ csa/sf] /fdf| ] ;DaGw lyof] .

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O/fg ku' ] . kmf/;L afb;fxn] cfkmg\ f] b/af/df pgsf] eJo :jfut u/] .

sx] L lbg O/fgdf ;v' kj" s{ a;k] l5 jL/annfO{ cfkmg\ f] bz] df kmsg{ dg nfUof] .
pgn] Tof] s/' f kmf/;L afb;fxnfO{ ;g' fP . afb;fxn] jL/an hfge' Gbf cufl8
pgsf] k/LIff lng] ljrf/ u/] / pgnfO{ cfkmg\ f] ljzfn ;efdf lnP/ uP .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 47

;efdf jL/ansf] :jfut ub{} kmf/;L afb;fxn] eg,] æjL/an tkfOs“{ f] al' 4sf]
kz| ;+ f xfdLn] w/] } klxnb] l] v g} ;g' s] f xf“} . tkfO{“ h:tf] kw| fgdGqL kfpg] afb;fx
csa/ ;fR“ r} efUodfgL xg' \ . sx] L kZ| gn] dnfO{ w/] } lbgbl] v ;tfO/x5] . tkfOn“{ ]
tL kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbP/ d/] f] xb[ onfO{ zLtn kfl/lbge' of] eg] tkfO“{ du' n ;fdf| Hodf
dfq xfO] g kmf/;L ;fdf| Hodf klg TolQs} ;Ddflgt xg' x' g' ] 5 .Æ

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;g' s] f] lyP“ . ;G' g' / bV] gd' f km/s xb“' f] /x5] . bw" df l3p xG' 5 eGg] s/' f t
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jL/ann] eg,] æt/ o; bw" df t st} l3p bl] vb“ g} , ;/sf/ .Æ

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To;af6 gfg} L lg:sG5 . ToxL gfg} Laf6 l3p aG5 .Æ

jL/ann] eg], æxf] h;/L ;a} bw" df l3p xG' 5 t/ ‰jf66\ xb] f{ bl] vb“ g} . To;}
u/L o; kY[ jLdf OZ{ j/ JofKt 5 . h;/L bw" af6 l3p kfpgsf nflu ldlxgt]
ugk{' 5,{ To;} u/L OZ{ j/ kf| Kt ugs{ f nflu ;fwgf ugk{' 5{ .Æ

jL/ansf] tsa{ f6 kmf/;L afb;fx ;Gti' 6 eP . pgn] cufl8 eg,] æjL/an, ca
d/] f] clGtd kZ| gsf] hjfkm lbgx' f;] \ . OZ{ j/n] s] ug{ ;S5g\ <Æ

cUnf] /fh l;x+ f;gdf >Lkr] / /fh;L kf;] fsdf ;lhPsf kmf/;L afb;fxnfO{
;DAffw] g ub{} jL/ann] eg,] æTo; kZ| gsf] hjfkmsf nflu afb;fxn] d a;s] f]

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afb;fx /fh l;x+ f;gaf6 cfn] /{] tn cfP . jL/ann] afb;fxsf] >Lkr] / /fh;L
kf;] fs cfkmn" ] nufpgk' g{] s/' f afb;fxnfO{ atfP . pgn] cfkmg\ f] nu' f afb;fxnfO{
nfpg nufP . l;9“ L pSn/] cfkm" afb;fxsf] /fh l;x+ f;gdf a;] / afb;fxnfO{
cfkmg\ f] 7fpd“ f pleg nufP . To;kl5 pgn] eg,] æx] afb;fx ! OZ{ j/n] s] ug{
;S5g\ eGg] kZ| gsf] pQ/ t xh/' cfkmn“} ] kfOalS;of] xfn] f . OZ{ j/n] d h:tf]
levf/LnfO{ afb;fx / xh/' h:tf] afb;fxnfO{ d h:tf] levf/L agfpg ;S5g\ .
olt eGb} jL/an /fh l;x+ f;gaf6 cfn] /{] afb;fx plePsf 7fpd“ f cfP . >Lkr]
/ /fh;L kf;] fs afb;fxnfO{ lkmtf{ lbb“ } jL/ann] ´s' /] eg,] æwi[ 6tfsf nflu Ifdf
rfxG5,' ;/sf/ .Æ

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;?' df ;a} ;ef;bn\ ] cgf7} f] dfgs] f lyP . jL/ansf] clegosf] /x:o yfxf
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kTofpg' tf]Sg' xft KofQ
k6o\ fpg' 6fS] g' xf6 Kof66\

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cfOG5, k7fOG5, lbOG5, ul/G5

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levf/L agfpg ;S5g\ .

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;Nnfxcg;' f/ xfdLn] 3/a} f6 sx] L vfgs] /' f afs] s] f lyof“} . xfdL a;df r9o\ f“} . a;
cfbz{ dfWolds ljBfno, lj/f6gu/af6 lg:s/] /ªu\ zfnfsf] 5p] xb“' } pQ/lt/
xO' l“ sof] .

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xfdL a;af6 bl] vg] bZ[ o xb] {} / ukm ub{} /dfOnf] ug{ yfNof“} . sx] L ;fyL uLt
ufpg nfu] .

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a;s] f ljBfyLs{ f] lhp g} sfDg yfNof] . xfdLn] :j6] / / Hofs6] yKof“} . oxf“

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csa/] v;' fg{ L / cfn] gsf] pTkfbg tyf lajm| L ljt/0faf6 wgL ePsf 5g\ .
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/x5] g\ . vt] af/L sxL“ vfnL lyPgg\ . htftt} sx] L g sx] L pTkfbg bl] vGYof] .
sfx] L hfl] t/xs] f lyP . sfx] L t/sf/L nufpb“ } lyP eg] sfx] L cld;| fsf] kmn" l´Sb}
bl] vGy] .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 55

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xfdLn] To;sf] klg cjnfs] g u¥of}“ . kzk' ltgu/df af6fs] f bj' l} t/ ;fgf;fgf
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/x5] g\ .
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lrofaf/Ldf c´} gfRg / ufpg dg lyof] . Ps lbg] ed| 0f ePsfn] kmsg{ ' xfdf| ]
afWotf lyof] . xfdL /dfOnf] cge' j ;d6] /] kmSof“{} . dgn] eg] elg/xs] f] lyof–]
o:t} /dfOnf] ofqfdf kml] / klg hfg kfP dg slt v;' L xG' Yof] . o;} u/L bz] sf
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-3_ >LcGt' lsg kl| ;4 5 <
-ª_ lrof sxf;“ Dd nu/] al] rb“ f] /x5] <
^= tnsf] egfO k9 / To;sf] cy{ nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm M
-s_ sfd gu/L a:gn' fO{ pgLx¿ cgf7} f] dfGbf /x5] g\ .
-v_ pQ/lt/sf xl/of kxf8n] xfdLnfO{ afn] fO/x] h:tf] nfUYof] .
&= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M
-s_ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] ljBfnobl] v kzk' ltgu/;Ddsf] ofqf s:tf] /xo\ f] <
-v_ rf/cfnLbl] v sGofd kU' bf ljBfyLn{ ] sg' sg' 7fp“ x/] ] <
-u_ Onfd ss] f nflu kl| ;4 /x5] <
-3_ sGofddf dflg;x¿ ss] ] ub{} lyP <
-ª_ ljBfyLn{ fO{ ufpg / gfRg dg nfUgs' f] sf/0f s] lyof] <
*= tnsf cgs' /0ffTds zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
kmtSs, e;' S' s, ´dSs, kmgSs, ´ndNn, ´Nof:“ ;
(= kf7af6 JolSt / 7fps“ f] gfd nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
!)= ltdLn] u/s] f] sg' } ofqfsf] j0fg{ nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
!!= tn lbOPsf ljifodf 5f6] f cgR' 5b] nv] M
-s_ d/] f] ljBfno
-v_ d/] f] kl/jf/

58 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

kf7 !) ;fyLnfO{ lr7L

ldlt M @)^%.!@.@*

dªu\ n6f/, sfe]| knf~rfs]

Kof/f] ;fyL g/z] ,

ld7f] ;D´gf .

d / d/] f] kl/jf/df ;an} fO{ ;Gr} 5 . ltdL / ltdf| ] kl/jf/sf] klg cf/fdsf]
sfdgf ub5{ ' . kqdf nV] gk' g{] ljzi] f va/ t sx] L 5g} , cfkmg\ f] Kof/f] ;fyLsf]
;D´gf cfof] . To;n} ] of] kq nV] b} 5' .

kl/jf/sf ;fy cfkmg\ f] hGdynf] 5f8L ltdL ;x/lt/ uOxfNof} . cfkm" eg] ufpd“ }
/dfP/ a;s] f] 5' . sIff $ ;Dd t ltdL / dn} ] ;u“ } k9s] f lyof“} . To; jn] fsf
lttfld7f 36gfx¿ ca t ;D´gfdf dfq /xs] f 5g\ . ltdf| ] k9fO t ;x/sf]
ljBfnodf oxfe“ Gbf c´ /fdf| ] xfn] f . 7fp“ / cfkmg\ f] ldlxgt] cg;' f/ d/] f] klg
k9fO /fd}| 5 . o; kqdf d d/] f] k9fOsf] af/d] f Pp6f v;' Lsf] va/ nV] b} 5' .

xfdf| ] ljBfnon] o; jifs{ f] jflifs{ k/LIffsf] k/LIff kmn rq} @% ut] ks| fzg
u¥of] . d sIff % df ky| d eP5' . lxhf] ljBfnosf] jflifs{ fT] ;j tyf cleefjs
lbj; klg dgfOof] . To; cj;/df k/' :sf/ ux| 0f ug{ kfpb“ f d cToGt xlift{
eP“ . ;f] ;df/fx] df d/] f aa' f / cfdf klg pkl:yt xg' x' G' Yof] . dn} ] k/' :sf/
kfPsfdf deGbf a9L v;' L t d/] f aa' f / cfdf xg' e' of] . blntsf] 5f/] fn] sIffdf
ky| d eO{ k/' :sf/ kf| Kt ug{' uf/} js} s/' f xf] . aa' fcfdfsf] OR5f / u?' x¿sf] k/]| 0ff
kfP/ g} d k|yd x'g ;s]sf] x'“ . o; ;kmntfn] dnfO{ c´ a9L ldlxgt] ug{]
xf;} nf ldns] f] 5 . aa' f, cfdf / dnfO{ ;df/fx] df pkl:yt ;a} cleefjsx¿n]
awfO{ lbP . :ofaf;L kfpb“ f dflg; 7n" f] lbnn] xG' 5, hftn] xb“' g} eGg] dxfslj
nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] fsf] egfO dnfO{ ofb cfof] . blnt eg/] ;dfhn] d / d/] f]

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 59

kl/jf/kl| t xg] {] bl[ i6df kl/jtg{ cfPsf] cge' j dn} ] u/“] . ldlxgt] sf] kmn ld7f]
xG' 5 eGg] egfO klg ;D´]“ . dflyNnf sIffx¿df c´ a9L ldlxgt] u/L k9/] d
o; bz] sf] c;n gful/s aGg] 5' eGg] c7f6] klg u/“] . ;dfhdf /xs] f ljleGg
ks| f/sf ljeb] x¿sf] cGTo u/L ;dtfdn" s ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f ug{' xfdf| ] nIo xg' k' 5{
eGg] 7fgs] f] 5' .

kqnfO{ oxfe“ Gbf a9L nfdf] agfpg rfxGg . dkl| t ltdf| ] s:tf] bl[ i6 5, cfTdLo
ldqsf] gftfn] plrt ;Nnfx lbg] g} 5f} eGg] cfzf /fvs] f] 5' . ltdf| ] k9fOsf]
af/d] f klg kq nv] /] k7fpg] 5f} eGg] cfzfsf ;fy clxnn] fO{ snd aGb ug{
rfxG5' .

ltdf| ] cfTdLo ;fyL

vfdsf] gdg' f eStaxfb/' kl/of/

k7fpg] kfpg] l6s6
eStaxfb/' kl/of/ g/z] dg} fnL
dxfsfnL bj] L kf| =lj=
dªu\ n6f/ –# jfuLZj/L df=lj=
sfe|] knf~rfs] lhNnf
afudtL c~rn gk] fnu~h gu/kflnsf –(

afs“ ] lhNnf

e/] L c~rn

60 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= eStaxfb/' n] nv] s] f] lr7L k9/] sIffdf ;g' fpm .

@= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

kl/jf/ sf,] Kof/f;] fyL, k/' ;sf/, k/Ljf/, ks| f;g

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M

zAb cy{

k/LIffkmn lng] sfd

jflifs{ fT] ;j k/LIffsf] kl/0ffd

ux| 0f lg0fo{ , lgZro

uf/} j x/] fO

k/]| 0ff ljzi] f sfoj{ m| d

xf};nf kT| os] jifd{ f vf; lbg dgfOg] pT;j

;df/fx] ;Ddfg, OHht

bl[ i6 Gofo;ªu\ t

c7f6] leGgtf, km/s

ljeb] cleGg, dg ldNg,] cfkmg\ f] nfUg]

;dtfdn" s kf| T] ;fxg

nIo pT;fx

cfTdLo p2Z] o

$= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

Kof/f,] cleefjs, xlift{ , kl/jf/, ldlxgt] ,

lbn, v;' L, k/LIff, cfTdLo, cge' j

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 61

%= pQ/ nv] M
-s_ lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ nv] s] f] xf] <
-v_ eStaxfb/' lsg cToGt xlift{ eof] <
-u_ eStaxfb/' nfO{ k/' :sf/ lsg lbOPsf] xf] <
-3_ eStaxfb/' k/LIffdf s;/L ky| d xg' ;Sof] <
-ª_ dxfslj nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] fsf] sg' egfO slt v/] eStaxfb/' nfO{
ofb cfof] <
-r_ xfdf| ] nIo s:tf] xg' k' 5{ <
-5_ eStaxfb/' / g/z] sf] ljBfnosf] gfd / 7u] fgf nv] .

^= lr7L nV] bf sg' sg' s/' fx¿ sxfs“ xf“ nl] vG5g,\ ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn u/L
l6kf6] u//] sIffdf ;g' fpm .

&= Pp6f rf/sg' ] sfuhsf] 6j' m| faf6 vfd agfO{ sIffdf lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
*= cfkm" ;xefuL ePsf] jgefh] sfoj{ m| dsf] cge' j / 7fps“ f] j0fg{ ub{}

cfkmg\ f] ;fyLnfO{ lr7L nv] .
(= 3/ 5f8L hflu/ vfg k/bz] uPsf bfhn' fO{ 3/ cfpb“ f cfkmn" fO{ ljleGg

vn] sb' sf ;fduL| NofOlbg cg/' fw] ub{} lr7L nv] .

62 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

kf7 !! gbL – dfwjk;| fb l3ld/]

;fgL gbL kjt{ af6 ´l5g{ \ 63
xfxf / xx' " jgleq ul5g{ \
vfn] f / gfnf ;l“ ugL xhf/
cfP/ e6] 5\ g\ jgsf] k5' f/ .
Tof] 3fd5fofdo s~' hleq
5g\ OlGbg| Lsf /rgf ljlrq
cfgGbdf r66\ lkm“ hfO{ n66\ f
vl] N5g\ 5xf/Ldlg lgTo u66\ f .
l/;fO{ kfvf kx/f n5fl5g{ \
9ª' u\ f / d9' f t6df k5fl5g{ \
af9L / k/} fl;t u8u\ 8fO{
ysfp{ l“ 5g\ kjt{ /fhnfO{ .
3d' /] x/] Lsg ufpn“ fO{
kxf8 kfvf xl/of agfO{
hflG5g\ logL b/" ;db' | e6] g\
;Stg} sfx] L lognfO{ /fS] g .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= ‘gbL’ sljtf nodf ufP/ ;g' fpm .

@= tnsf zAb z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

kjt{ , ;l“ ugL, 5xf/L, kx/f, ;db' |

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{
;l“ ugL lxdfno
s~' h ;fyL
t6 gbLsf] lsgf/

kjt{ /fh nx/f / kftx¿n] 9flsPsf] 7fp“

$= zAbsfz] x/] /] tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

kjt{ , k5' f/, 3fd, /rgf, n66\ f, u66\ f, kfvf,] n5fg{ ,' kx/f, d9' f]

%= z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ / leGg cy{ a´' M

kjt{ s~' h e6] g\ ' n66\ f af9L

;at{ k~' h d6] g\ ' n77\ f af/L

^= pQ/ eg M

-s_ gbL sxfa“ f6 ´5{ <

-v_ OGbg]| Lsf ljlrq /rgf sxf“ 5g\ <

-u_ 5xf/Ldl' g gbLn] s] vN] 5 <

-3_ gbLn] kjtn{ fO{ lsg ysfp{ 5“ <

-ª_ gbLn] kxf8nfO{ s:tf] agfp5“ <

64 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

&= tnsf zAbx¿ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

xfxfxx' ,' 9ª' u\ fd9' f, 3fd5fof,

OGbg]| L, vfn] fgfnf, af9Lklx/f]

*= tnsf x/kmx¿ k9 / ltgsf] cy{ nv] M
Tof] 3fd5fofdo s~' hleq

5g\ OlGbg| Lsf /rgf ljlrq

cfgGbdf r66\ lkm“ hfO{ n66\ f

vl] N5g\ 5xf/Ldlg lgTo u66\ f

(= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
-s_ gbLsf ;fyLx¿ sfs] f] xg' \ <

-v_ gbLsf ;fyLx¿ gbL;u“ sxf“ el] 6G5g\ <

-u_ s~' h s:tf] xG' 5 <

-3_ ‘vl] N5g\ 5xf/Ldl' g lgTo u66\ f’ eGgs' f] cy{ s] xf] <

-ª_ gbL cfkmg\ f] l/; s;/L kfV] 5 <

-r_ gbLaf6 ufpn“ fO{ xg' ] kmfObfx¿ ss] ] xg' \ <

-5_ s;n} ] gbLnfO{ /fS] g g;Sgfsf] sf/0f s] xf] <

!)= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ lbg] bO' b{ O' c{ f6] f zAb nv] M

cfgGb lgTo 5xf/L

ljlrq ;fyL /fl] sg'

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 65

!!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
;fgL, e6] g\ ,' 3fd, l/;fpg,' hfg,'
cfn] g{ ,' kR' 5/, ;v' , ufp,“ 6f9f

!@= tnsf ljelStx¿ ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M
n,] nfO,{ bl] v, sf,] sf, sL, df, nflu, åf/f

!#= ltdf| ] ufp“ jf ;x/glhs ePsf] sg' } vfn] f jf gbLsf af/d] f aofg
u/L Ps cgR' 5b] nv] .

!$= tnsf] r6' l\ snf k9 / ltdLn] hfgs] f sx] L r6' l\ snf ;fyLnfO{ ;g' fpm M
-bO' h{ gf ljBfyL{ ljBfno l9nf] ku' ] ._
lzIfs M ufk] fn, ltdL lsg l9nf] cfof} <
ufk] fn M d/] f] k;} f stf v;5] , ToxL vfH] g nfUbf l9nf] eof] .
lzIfs M xl/, ltdL klg lsg l9nf lg <
xl/ M dn} ] p;sf] k;} f sN' r/] a;s] f] lyP“ . To;n} ] l9nf] eof] .

!%= ltdLn] hfgs] f r6' l\ snf nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
!^= ltdLnfO{ yfxf ePsf vfn] f / gbLsf gfd nv] /] sIffsf ;fyLnfO{ ;g' fpm .
!&= ‘kfgLsf] dlxdf’ ljifodf sljtf nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .
!*= gbL sljtfdf ul/Psf] j0fg{ nfO{ cfkmg\ f] afn] LrfnLsf] efiffdf nv] .
!(= gbLsf] lrq agfP/ sIffsf7] fdf 6f;“ .

66 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

kf7 !@ k/]| 0ff

sf7df8fd“} f gof“ ;8s eGg] 7fp“ 5 . gof“ ;8sdf Pp6f kLknsf] af6] 5 . Toxf“
w/] } dflg;x¿sf] cfjthfjt xG' 5 . Toxf“ ljzi] f u/L kqklqsf lsGgx] ¿sf]
le8 xG' 5 . dfG5x] ¿ e6] 3f6 ug]{ ynfs] f ¿kdf klg To; 7fpn“ fO{ lnOG5 .

gof“ ;8s uf/] vfkq 5fKg] 7fps“ f] glhs} 5 . gk] fnsf] klxnf] aª} s\ gk] fn aª} s\
lnld68] klg gof“ ;8ssf] glhs} 5 .

lzIfs 8fN] df ToxL“ klqsf lsGb} lyOg\ .

ægd:sf/, u?' df .Æ

of] cfjfh ;g' /] 8fN] df ´l:sOg\ . pgn] k5fl8 kms/]{ xl] /g\ . ;l' snf] nu' f nufPsf]
Pp6f df6] f] / xl“ ;nf] s6] f] pgsf] cufl8 plePsf] lyof] . pgn] To; s6] fnfO{ tnbl] v
dfly;Dd xl] /g\ . æxh/' n] dnfO{ lrGge' Pg < d pxL si[ 0f Sof .Æ

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 67

8fN] dfn] lal;;{ ss] L lyOg\ . pgL cndlnPsf] bv] /] To; s6] fn] kml] / eGof,] æxh/' n]
dnfO{ sfd u/ eg/] bO' { ;o ?lkof“ lbge' Psf] xfO] g < dn} ] To;n} ] hQ' fdf kfln;
nufpg] ;fdfg lsg“] . clxn] oxL kLknsf]
af6] dl' g a;/] kfln; nufpg] sfd u5{' . dn} ]
8/] f klg lnO;s“] .Æ

Psl5g /fl] sP/ p;n] kml] / eGof,] æxh/' n]
Tolt jn] f lbge' Psf] bO' { ;o ?lkof“ d cfh
lkmtf{ u5{' . xh/' n] ubf{ g} dn} ] ldlxgt] ug{
hfg,“] :jfjnDaL aGg l;s“] . sk[ of of] k;} f
lngx' f;] \ .Æ olt egL p;n] 8fN] dfnfO{ bO' { ;o
?lkof“ lkmtf{ lbof] .

æP===. s] u/s] f] .Æ 8fN] dfnfO{ crDd nfUof] .

8fN] dfn] Ps 89] jif{ klxnfsf] s/' f ;lD´g–\ Pp6f s6] f] af6fdf Ps ?lkof“ kfpm“
egL dfUb} lyof] . pgn] To; s6] fnfO{ bO' { ;o ?lkof“ lbPsL lyOg\ . si[ 0fn] ´q' f]
/ dn} f] nu' f nufPsf] lyof] . 8fN] dfn] lbPsf] k;} fn] Pp6f dfUg] s6] fn] cfh /fdf| ]
sfd u¥of] . of] bV] bf pgnfO{ Hofb} v';L nfUof] . pgsf cf“vfaf6 v';Lsf cf“;'

´/] . pgn] si[ 0fsf] 6fpsfdf xft /fVb}
elgg\ æcxf] ! ltdLn] t Hofb} /fdf| ] sfd
u¥of,} :ofaf; .Æ

pgn] Tof] bO' { ;o ?lkof“ si[ 0fnfO{ lkmtf{
lbb“ } elgg,\ æof] bO' { ;o ?lkof“ ltdL h:t}
sfx] L klg gePsf] dflg;nfO{ bp] m . p;nfO{
klg sg' } sfd u//] vfpm, eg . ltdL
cfkm" s;/L dfUga] f6 :jfjnDaL s6] f] aGof,}
Tof] klg p;nfO{ eg .Æ ca ltdL rflx“
k9g\ klg yfn x} .Æ olt eg/] lzIfs
68 8fN] df km6fkm6 lxl“ 8g\ . d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M

-s_ kf]xf]/ rq' f] 65{ 6fS] g'

kmfx] f/] ´q' f] ;5{ tfS] g'

-v_ cfjthfjt, 8/] f, aª} s\ , sk[ of, crDd, klqsf, le8

@= ‘k/]| 0ff’ syf kfnk} fnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= ;RofP/ nv] M
sfydf08,' lkKkn, kT/kT/Lsf, ?Kof, :ofAaf;, lkm/tf, dOnf]

$= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{
cfjthfjt 7fp“

ynf] cfkmg\ f] sfd cfkm“} ug{]

:jfjnDaL yfq] f,] RofltPsf]

´q' f] cfpg] / hfg] sfd

%= pQ/ eg M
-s_ gof“ ;8sdf s] 5 <

-v_ Toxf“ lsg le8 nfU5 <

-u_ kLknsf] af6] s:tf] ynf] xf] <

-3_ 8fN] df;u“ s/' f ug{] s6] fsf] gfd s] xf] <

-ª_ p;n] 8fN] dfnfO{ slt k;} f lbof] <

-r_ 8fN] dfnfO{ lsg v;' L nfUof] <

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 69

^= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

gd:sf/, :ofaf;, xh/' , wGojfb,

dfkm ugx{' f;] ,\ Ifdf ugx{' fn] f, sk[ of, xj;\

&= pQ/ nv] M

-s_ 8fN] dfn] si[ 0fnfO{ bO' { ;o ?lkof“ lsg lbOg\ <

-v_ 8fN] dfn] bf;] f| k] N6 e6] b\ f si[ 0f s:tf] bl] vGYof] <

-u_ si[ 0fn] bO' { ;o ?lkof“ sd] f vr{ u¥of] <

-3_ 8fN] dfsf] cfv“ faf6 lsg cf;“ ' ´/] <

-ª_ 8fN] dfn] lsg ?lkof“ lkmtf{ lnOgg\ <

-r_ si[ 0fn] Tof] bO' { ;o ?lkof“ s] unf{ <

*= ldNg] cIf/df rGbl| aGb' nufpm M

-s_ p;sf] cfvfaf6 cf;' cfof] .

-v_ d;u a:g ltdL ;x' fpbg} f} .

-u_ d ltdLnfO{ k9g\ l;sfp5' .

-3_ xf;nfO{ ux' vfg bp] m .

-ª_ cfugdf cfksf] afj] m| f gkmfn .

(= tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M

pxfn“ ] tnbl] v dfly;Dd vfH] ge' of] <

tkfOn“{ ] 3/bl] v vt] ;Dd s] xg] e{' of] <

oxfb“ l] v Toxf;“ Dd

70 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

!)= ltdf| ;fyLx¿sf] gfd nv] . pgLx¿ sltslt jifs{ f eP, pgLx¿n] sg' sg'
nu' f nufPsf 5g,\ nu' fsf] /ª nv] .

;fyLsf] gfd pd/] nu' f nu' fsf] /ª

!= bLkf zdf{ !) sldh / 3fu“ / lgnf] / v/} f]

@=

#=

$=

!!= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M
bA' nf]
Vofp6f] 5 .

pm lgbfp/f] lyof] .
df6] f]
alnof]

!@= si[ 0fsf] 7fpd“ f ltdL eP ltdL bO' { ;o ?lkof“ sg' sfddf nufpY“ of} /
s;/L vr{ uYof,{} nv] /] bv] fpm .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 71

kf7 !# l/;sf] cfi} fwL

-cf:yf sf7] fdf l/;fP/ a;s] L 5 . p;sf] bfh' ljZjf; sf7] fdf kj| z] u5{ ._
ljZjf; M P cf:yf, otf x/] t, lsg 7;Ss k//] al;/xs] L x“ <
cf:yf M gs/fpgx' f;] \ x} bfO, dnfO{ w/] } l/; gp7fpgx' f;] \ .
ljZjf; M dn} ] l/; p7fpg] /] < s:tf] l/; /x5] , p7fP p7g\ ,] a;fP a:g] .
cf:yf M gs/fpg;' \ egs] f] . ´g\ gs/fpg';\ eGof,] ´g\ kf] s/fpgx' G' 5 .

Psl5g rk' nfu/] a:g ;Sgx' G' g <
ljZjf; M ltdLnfO{ s] eof] cfh < Tolt t atfpg ;S5o\ f} <
cf:yf M dnfO{ l/; p7o\ f] .
ljZjf; M s;;u“ <
cf:yf M hf];'s};u“ xf;] \ . tkfO“n{ fO{

lsg rflxof] <
ljZjf; M eg g, eg .
cf:yf M cfkm“} ;u“ .
ljZjf; M cfkm};“ u“ /] < s:tf] crDdsf]

s/' f . cfkm“};u“ klg l/; p75\ <
cf:yf M lsg p7b\ g} t slxns] fxL“ < tkfOn“{ fO{ rflx“ cfkm“} ;u“ l/; p7b\ g} <
ljZjf; M cx“ ,“ dnfO{ t c¿;u“ l/; p75\ .
cf:yf M atfpgx' f;] \ t, tkfOn{“ fO{ s–s;;u“ l/; p75\ <
ljZjf; M slxn] cfdfafaf, bfhl' bbL h:tf cfkme" Gbf 7n" f;u“ , slxn] cfkme" Gbf

;fgf;u“ .

72 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

cf:yf M slxn] :sn' sf lzIfs;u“ , slxn] rflx“ ;fyLx¿;u“ . Tof] t tkfOn{“ ]
eGb} eGge' Pg .

ljZjf; M eGb} lyP,“ ltdLn] g} elgxfNof} .

cf:yf M l/; p7b\ f tkfO“{ s] ugx{' G' 5, ljZjf; bfO <

ljZjf; M d t elgxfN5' lg . a? ltdLn] cfh ss] ] u¥of,} ;g' fpm g .

cf:yf M 7n" f7] n" f] :j/n] s/fP“ . cfdfafn] egs] f] klg dflgg“ . Tolt dfq xf] /,
efOalxgLnfO{ lk6“] klg .

ljZjf; M To:tf] ug{ xG' 5 t < d t ltdLn] egs] f] h:tf] sx] L ulbg{ “ .

cf:yf M tkfOn{“ fO{ l/; p7b\ f s] ugx{' G' 5 t <

ljZjf; M l/; p7o\ f] eg] d ?G5,' clg c¿;u“ ´s/]{ afN] 5' . d/] f] dv' /ftf/] ftf]
xG' 5, lhp tfT5 . d sfDg yfN5' . clg s] afN] 5,' s] u5,'{ cfkm“} nfO{
kQf] xG' g .

cf:yf M tkfO“{ l/;fpge' of] eg] t 8/ nfUg] u//] kf] l/;fpg' xb“' f] /x5] .

ljZjf; M yfxf 5 < sfx] Lsfx] L l/;fpb“ f dv' 5fk] /] ;T' 5g\ . clg Pp6fsf] l/;
csn}{ fO{ kfV] 5g\ .

cf:yf M tkfOs“{ f] s/' f t d sx] L al' ‰bg“ . ‘Pp6fsf] l/; csn}{ fO{ kfV] 5g’\ egs] f]
rflx“ s] lg <

ljZjf; M ltdL t sx] L s/' f al' ‰bgf} . To;n} ] t cfdfn] ltdLnfO{ ‘nf6L’ eGge' Psf] .
Pshgf;u“ l/; p75\ , csfn{ fO{ Tof] l/; kfV] g] egs] f] Sof .

cf:yf M dn} ] t al' ´g“ .

ljZjf; M h:t} egf“} g lzIfs;u“ l/; p7s] f] 5 eg] ;fyLx¿;u“ gafN] g' cyjf
lstfasf] lhNnf RofTg' .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 73

cf:yf M P aNn a´' “] . pgLx¿nfO{ l/; gbv] fP/ c¿ g} dfG5] jf lrhnfO{
l/; bv] fpg' .

ljZjf; M yfxf 5 cf:yf < l/;fpb“ f xfdf| ] z/L/sf w/] } df;+ kz] Lx¿n] sfd
ugk{' 5{ /] ! l/;n] xfdf| ] zlSt gfz u5{ /] ! xfdLnfO{ sdhf/] kf5{ /] !

cf:yf M cxf] ! tkfOn“{ ] o:tf s/' f s;/L yfxf kfpg' ePsf] < l/; t
/fu] h:t} xfdf| ] 7n" f] zq' kf] /x5] .

ljZjf; M dn} ] afn klqsfx¿df k9s] f] . ltdLn] 7Ls eGof,} l/; klg Ps ks| f/
sf] /fu] g} xf] .

cf:yf M /fu] xf] eg] cfi} fwL klg xg' k' ¥of] lg .
ljZjf; M 5 t lg . d t ToxL cfi} fwL u5{' . l/;sf] cfi} fwL xG' 5 eGg] s/' f

ltdLnfO{ yfxf lyPg <
cf:yf M cx“ “ ! To; cfi} fwLsf] gfd s] xf] < sxf“ kfOG5 <
ljZjf; M Tof] cfi} fwL ahf/df kfOb“ g} . l/; p7k] l5 cfkm“} n] ug]{ 3/n] ' cfi} fwL xf]

Tof] .
cf:yf M atfpg;' \ g t ;g' f“} .

74 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

ljZjf; M olb ltdLnfO{ l/; p7\of] eg] Ps lunf; lr;f] kfgL vfpm .
h;;“u cyjf h];“u l/; p7]sf] 5, To;af6 k/ hfpm . s]xLa]/
cf]5\ofgdf kN6 . P]gfdf cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ x]/ . cfkm"nfO{ dg kg{]
eujfg\sf] gfd hk .

cf:yf M of] ;fR“ rL g} l/;sf] cfi} fwL xf] t <

ljZjf; M xf] t l/;nfO{ a9fof] eg] emg\ a95\ . ;s;] Dd o;nfO{ 36fpgk' 5{ .
l/;n] dfgl;s c;/ k¥' ofp5“ . To;n} ] l/;fpg' xG' g .

cf:yf M o;f] ubf{ ;fR“ r} l/; x/fp5“ t <

ljZjf; M ltdL dn} ] dfly atfPsf s/' fx¿ kfng u//] t x/] , ltdf| ] l/; cfkm“}
x/fpg] 5 .

cf:yf M o:tf] sfd nfUg] /fd|f] s'/f ;'gfPsf]df wGojfb ! ca d slxNo}
l/;fp“lbg“ .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 75

cEof;

!= lzIfsn] egs] f] ;g' / eg M
7;Ss, :j/, df;+ kz] L, cfi} fwL, Pg] f

@= cf:yf / ljZjf; ag/] dflysf] kf7 xfpefp;lxt kfnk} fnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M
pbfx0f, ;f/] , ;l//, cf;] bL, /Lz, cOgf

$= tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{
7;Ss kg{' an

kQf] l/;fpg'

df;+ kz] L yfxf

zlSt 3/;DaGwL

3/n] ' z/L/df df;' ePsf] cªu\

%= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
-s_ s] ;a} dflg;nfO{ l/; p75\ <

-v_ l/; p7k] l5 z/L/df ss] :tf] kl/jtg{ bl] vG5 <

-u_ l/; p7g\ s' f sf/0fx¿ ss] ] xg' ;S5g\ <

-3_ l/; p7b\ f ltdL s] u5f{} <

-ª_ l/;sf] cfi} fwL s] xf] <

76 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

^= tnsf zAb ko| fu] u//] ;x' fpb“ f] cgR' 5b] nv] M

cfi} fwL 7n" f crDd :j/ kQf]

zlSt zq' eujfg\ wGojfb

&= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M ´sg{ ,' kQf,] kfV] g,'
7;Ss, ´g,\

klqsf, 3/n] ,' pQfgf,] cg'xf/

*= pbfx/0f x/] L vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNbf] zAb yk M

pbfx/0f d cabl] v l/;fpl“ bg“ . -l/;fpg_'

d eft vfGg“ . -vfg_'
-s_ d sf7df8f=“} ============== . -hfg_'

-v_ d ltdf| ] s/' f============== . -dfGg'_

-u_ d o;sf] pQ/============ . -hfGg_'

-3_ d s;n} fO={ =============== . -eGg_'

-ª_ d of] lstfa============== . -nfg_'

(= tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M
c¿;u“

cfkm“} ;u“

cfdfaf;u“

ltdLnfO{ efOalxgL;u“ lsg l/; p75\ <

lzIfs;u“

;fyLx¿;u“

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 77

!)= tnsf jfSodf zAbsf jm|d ldns] f 5g} g\ . jm|d ldNg] u/L jfSo agfpm M

-s_ afNgk' 5{ / rf8“ } aQL dg} aQL .

-v_ pGglt lgs} lg eof] ltdf| ] .

-u_ /] dfUgn] fO{ glbg" k;} f <

-3_ eGof] s;n] s/' f of] <

-ª_ gs/fpm ´g´\ g\ eGof] s/fp5“ .

!!= tnsf hf8] L zAbx¿ k9 / km/s ae' m M

eg] af; ef8f ufpm

eg“] af;“ ef8“ f ufp“

!@= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} u/L tnsf jfSox¿ kl/jtg{ u/ M

pbfx/0f

d eft vfG5' . – d eft vfGg“ .

cf:yf l/;fpl“ bg . – cf:yf l/;fp5“ ] .

-s_ p;nfO{ cfkm“} ;u“ l/; p75\ .

-v_ xl/ :sn' hfg dg ubg}{ .

-u_ ;gd /fdL| 5 .

-3_ av] fdfg cUnf] 5g} .

-ª_ k9g\ ] jn] fdf ;T' g' xG' 5 .

-r_ ;T' g] jn] fdf nu' f gkm/] .

!#= ltdf| ] 3/sf dflg;x¿ l/;fpb“ f ltdLkl| t s:tf] Jojxf/ u5g{ ,\ nv] /]
lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

78 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

!$= tnsf] ;j+ fb k/" f u/ M
hgs M hfgsL ! lxhf] lsg :sn' gcfPsL <
hfgsL M ==============================
hgs M clg s:tf] eof] t kh" f <
hfgsL M ===========================
hgs M ===========================
hfgsL M p;sf] 3/df klg Obsf] tof/L lyof] <
hgs M ===============================
hfgsL M v} dnfO{ klg yfxf 5g} . pm cfPkl5 ;fw] fn“} f lg, s;/L
dgfpb“ f /x5] g\ .
hgs M ======================
hfgsL M kl;{ t cfOxfN5 lg .
hgs M ========================
hfgsL M xG' 5, hfcf“} .

!%= tnsf] lrqdf ltdL ss] ] bV] 5f,} eg M

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 79

kf7 !$ l;Sgk' g]{ s/' f

efOalxgL xf] !
ltdLx¿ ljBfyL{ xf} . ltdLx¿ ljBfnodf w/] } ljifox¿ k95\ f} / w/] } s/' f klg
l;S5f} . ltdLx¿ z4' ;u“ gk] fnL nV] g l;S5f} . ;kmfO ug{ / :j:y /xg l;S5f} .
To;} u/L zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug{ klg l;S5f} . of] c;n s/' f xf] . o:tf s/' f
l;Sgk' 5{ . oLafxs] klg l;Sgk' g]{ s/' fx¿ w/] } 5g\ . tL s/' fx¿ klg ltdLx¿n]
Psbd} /fdf| ;] u“ l;Sgk' 5{ . ltgd} Wo] d ltdLx¿nfO{ sx] L s/' f atfp5“ ' .
gd| / ld7f] afn] L afN] gn] fO{ ;an} ] dg k/fp5“ g\ . ltdLx¿n] sfu bv] s] f 5f} . sfu
s/fPsf] klg ;g' s] f 5f} . ltdLx¿nfO{ sfu s/fPsf] dg k5{ < sfu glhs} cfP/
s/fpgl] alQs} ltdLx¿ To;nfO{ wkfp5“ f} . sfusf] afn] L dflg;nfO{ ¿vf] nfU5 .
ltdLx¿n] sfO] nL klg bv] s] f xfn} f < sfO] nLsf] :j/ klg ;g' s] f 5f} < ‰jf66\ xb] f{
sfO] nL sfu h:t} xG' 5 . ;fgf] 5b“ f sfO] nL sfus} aRrf;u“ xs' G{ 5 / a95\ . s;n} ]
klg sfO] nLnfO{ wkfpg vfH] bg} . ;an} fO{ sfO] nLsf] ld7f] afn] L dg k5{ . ltdLx¿
klg ;a;} u“ g/d / ld7f] afn] L afn] . ltdLx¿nfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fp5“ g\ .
cfv“ fn] x5] { . sfgn] ;G' 5 . gfsn] ;£“' 5 . 5fnfn] sg' } s/' f 5fP] sf] yfxf kfp5“
/ lhaf| n] :jfb lnG5 . oL kfr“ OlGbo| nfO{ 1fgl] Gbo| eG5g\ . lhaf| a] fxs] c¿
1fgl] Gbo| x¿n] Pp6f dfq sfd u5g{ \ . cfv“ fn] ;G' g ;Sbg} g t sfgn] bV] g
;S5 . To;} u/L 5fnfn] ;£“' g ;Sbg} , g t gfsn] 5fP] sf] yfxf kfp5“ . lhaf| n] eg]
Pp6f xfO] g, bO' 6f sfd ug{ ;S5 . ca lhaf| sf] klxnf] sfdaf/] ljrf/ u/f“} .
lhaf| n] :jfb lnG5 . o;n] ld7f,] gld7f,] ul' nof,] gl' gnf] jf lttf] :jfb yfxf kfp5“ .
ltdLx¿nfO{ gld7f] lrh dg kbg}{ g\ . gld7f] s/' f ltdLx¿ 5b“' } 5b“' g} f} . la/fdL xb“' f
eg] ltdLx¿n] lttf] s/' f klg vfg} kg]{ xG' 5 . ;a} gld7f] lrhx¿nfO{ kG5fpg
;lsGg . cfi} fwL h:tf] gld7f] s/' fn] /fu] lgsf] kf5{ . ld7f] s/' f rflx“ ltdLx¿nfO{
vfO/x"“ h:tf] nfU5 . ld7f] s/' fn] klg :jf:YonfO{ c;n gug{ ;S5 . To;n} ] sg' }
klg vfgs] /' fn] cfkmn" fO{ kmfObf u5{ cyjf ubg}{ , vfge' Gbf klxn] g} of] s/' f ;fR] gk' 5{ . lhaf| n]

80 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

dfUbd} f la/fdL g} kg]{ u/L w/] } vfgx' G' g . la/fdL kl/of] eg] z/L/, dg, dl:tis ;a}

sdhf/] xG' 5g\ .

lhaf| sf] csf]{ sfd afN] g' xf] . ltdLx¿ klg cfkm\gf efjgf, ljrf/, OR5f, kf| yg{ f

jf b'Mv;'v JoSt ug{ af]N5f} .

l/;fPsf] j]nf 7"nf]7"nf] :j/n]

gld7f;] u“ afN] 5f} . v;' L ePsf] jn] f l;Sgk' g{] s/' fl;
;fgf] :j/n] ld7f;] u“ afN] 5f} . cfkmg\ f]

/ c¿sf] enfOsf nflu dfq lhaf| sf]

ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ . ltdLx¿n] c¿;u“

s8f, gld7f] af]nL af]Nof} eg]

pgLx¿n] klg ltdLx¿;u“ To:t} jrg

afN] g] 5g\ . cfkm;" u“ l/;fpg;] u“ klg

ld7f] jrg af]n . o;f] u¥of} eg]

pgLx¿ zfGt xG' 5g\ / cfkmg\ f jrgsf nflu bM' lvt xG' 5g\ . To;n} ] c¿kl| t g/fdf| ,

gld7f] zAbx¿ ko| fu] gu/ . glrRofpm / cfjZostfeGbf 7n" f] :j/n] gafn]

clg cfjZos eP dfq afn] . 7n" f7] n" f] :j/n] cgfjZos s/' f afn] /] cfkmg\ f] zlSt

lsg v/] kmfN5f} <

lhaf| ] ;w“} t/af/sf wf/ h:tf bft“ x¿sf] aLrdf ;/' lIft /xG5 . cfkmj" l/kl/sf]

jftfj/0f o;n] /fdf| ;] u“ lrgs] f] xG' 5 . To;} u/L ltdLx¿n] klg cfkmj" l/kl/sf]

jftfj/0f /fdf| ;] u“ lgofNgk' 5{ . vt/faf6 / b3' 6{ gf xg' af6 cfkmn" fO{ hfu] fpgk' 5{ .

lhaf| a] f6 c¿ s/' f klg l;Sg ;lsG5 . lhaf| ] ;w“} cfkmg\ } af;df al;/xG5, o;n]

cfkmg\ f] ;Ldf a´' s] f] xG' 5 . To;} u/L ltdLx¿ a]sfddf eft“} fl//xgx' G' g . sfd

u?Ghn] sfddf nfUg] / cl3kl5 wo} { ug{ l;Sgk' 5{ . xfdLn] zfGt xg' ] afgL

a;fNgk' 5{ .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 81

cEof;

! lzIfsaf6 kf7sf] klxnf] / bf;] f| ] cgR' 5b] ;g' / ;dx" df eg .
@= z4' kf//] nv] M

-s_ gd/ / ld7f] afl] n afn] gn] fO ;a} n] dgk/fp5“ g\ .
-v_ cf;} wL h:tf] t ld7f] s/' f n] /fs] gLsf] kf5{ .
-u_ 3/df al; cfdfaf lblbal}g / bfhe" fO{ nfO{ ;xofu] ugk{' 5{ .

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] lxHh] ldnfO{ nv] M

aLlQs} wª' u\ f ‰jfQ

:jf:y ;/' lR5t ef6“} f/Lg'

aftfa/g ifªut kl9u0' fL

$= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

1fgl] Gbo| atfpg'
JoSt ug{' ;fw“ , l;dfgf
jrg htg ul/Psf]
;'/lIft afn] L
;Ldf cfv“ f, sfg, gfs, lhaf| ] / 5fnf kfr“ cªu\ x¿
hgfpg] zAb

%= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M

-s_ ljBfnodf ltdLn] k9g\ ] ljifox¿ ss] ] xg' \ <
-v_ lsg sfO] nLnfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fp5“ g\ <
-u_ sg' sg' cªu\ n] ss] ] sfd u5g{ \ <
-3_ lhaf| n] xfdLnfO{ ss] ] d2t u5{ <
-ª_ lhaf| sf] d2taf6 xfdLn] cfkmn" fO{ s;/L /fdf| ] tN' ofpg ;S5f“} <

82 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff %

^= tnsf cªu\ / ltgsf sfd nv] M
cªu\ sfd

gfs
sfg
cfv“ f
lhaf| ]
5fnf

&= tnsf jfSofz+ x¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

‰jf66\ xg] ,'{ yrSs a:g,' kmtSs uNg,'

dv' d} f eml' G8g' , cfv“ fd} 6fl“ ;g', sfgd} f ul' Ghg'

*= vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNbf] zAb ykL jfSo k/" f u/ M
-s_ kfr“ sIff kf; ug]{ p;sf] ===== lyof] . -OR5f÷OlR5t_

-v_ p;n] cfkmg\ f] =========== j:t' e6] 6\ fof] . -OR5f÷OlR5t_

-u_ dfG5] ================= df a:5 . -;fdflhs÷;dfh_

-3_ dfG5] ================= kf| 0fL xf] . -;fdflhs÷;dfh_

-ª_ ltdLnfO{ ============== agf6] af/] sx] L 1fg 5 < -eu" fn] ÷efu} fl] ns_

-r_ cx“ ,“ dn} ] ============== k9s] f] 5g} . -eu" fn] ÷efu} fl] ns_

(= tnsf zAbx¿ k9 / a´' M

7n" f ± 7n" f = 7N' 7n' f

tftf] ± tftf] = tfTtftf]

;fgf ± ;fgf = ;–;fgf

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 83

!)= tnsf] jfSo k9 / To;af/] Ps cgR' 5b] nv] M
cfkmg\ f] / c¿sf] enfOsf nflu dfq lhaf| sf] ko| fu] ugk{' 5{ .

!!= tn lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] dgdg} k9 / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
kT| os] kf| 0fLleq OZ{ j/sf] af; xG' 5 . To;n} ] c¿kl| t g/fdf| , gld7f]
zAbx¿ ko| fu] gu/ glrRofpm / cfjZostfeGbf 7n" f] :j/n] gafn] .
7n" f7] n" f] :j/n] cgfjZos s/' f afn] /] cfkmg\ f] zlSt lsg v/] kmfN5f} <
-s_ OZ{ j/ sxf“ a:5g\ <
-v_ lsg c¿kl| t gld7f] zAb ko| fu] ugx{' b“' g} <
-u_ lrRofpb“ f s] gfz xG' 5 <
-3_ cgfjZos s/' f eGgfn] s] al' emG5 <

!@= lbOPsf ljifodf Ps cgR' 5b] nv] M
-s_ ld7f] afn] L
-v_ ljBfsf] dxŒj
-u_ :j:y z/L/

84 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

kf7 !% la/fdL labfsf] lgjb] g

ldlt M @)^%÷*÷!%

>Ldfg\ kw| fgfWofks,
hgHofl] t kf| ylds ljBfno
k;f{ .

ljifo M labf :jLst[ ul/lbga] f/] .

dxfb] o,

cgfof; 6fOkmfO8sf] Hj/f] cfPsfn] d kfr“ lbgbl] v ljBfno cfpg ;lsg“ . d
c´} pkrf/ ub{} 5' . dnfO{ 8f= ;/:jtL lnDan" ] hfr“ ul//xge' Psf] 5 . Hj/f] c´}
7Ls eO;ss] f] 5g} . pxfs“ f] egfOcg;' f/ dn} ] c´ !% lbg;Dd cf/fd ugk{' 5{ .
To;n} ] aL; lbg la/fdL labf :jLst[ ul/lbgx' g' ljgd| cg/' fw] u5{' .

cleefjssf] b:tvt M cf1fsf/L 5fq
/fdgf/fo0f yf¿
sIff %
/fn] g=+ (

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 85

cEof;

!= dflysf] lgjb] g k9/] sIffdf ;g' fpm .

@= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

kw| fgfWofks, ljBfno, kf| ylds, Hj/f,] :jLst[ , ljgd|

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

6fOkmfO8 egs] f] dfGg]

pkrf/ gd,| Hofb} g/d

:jLst[ Ps ks| f/sf] ;?jf DofbL /fu]

ljgd| cfi} fwL ug{] sfd

cf1fsf/L dflgPsf,] dfGotf lbOPsf]

$= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

lgjb] g, hfgsf/L, Hj/f,] cf/fd, cg/' fw] , pkrf/

%= pQ/ nv] M

-s_ dflysf] lgjb] g sg' ljifodf nl] vPsf] 5 <

-v_ lgjb] g s;n] s;nfO{ nv] s] f] xf] <

-u_ /fdgf/fo0f ljBfno cfpg lsg g;ss] f] /x5] <

-3_ lgjb] g nV] bf 56' fpg gxg' ] s/' fx¿ ss] ] xg' \ <

^= dfdfsf] ljjfxdf dfdf3/ hfgk' /s] f] sf/0f hgfO{ tLg lbgsf] labf dfu
u/L cfkmg\ f] ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lgjb] g nv] .

86 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

&= ljBfnodf ;/;kmfOsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg cfkmg\ f] ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofksnfO{
lgjb] g nv] .

*= tnsf] lgdGq0ff k9/] pQ/ bp] m M

ze' ljjfx

lgdGq0ff

xfdf| cfoi' dfg\ ;k' q' 8f=/fhz] a/fOnLsf] >Ldfg\ ljjm| d gk] fnL tyf
wg;/f gk] fnLsL ;k' q' L d~h' gk] fnLsf ;fy ;;' DkGg xg' ] ze' ljjfx
sfoj{ m| ddf pkl:yt eO{ j/awn" fO{ cfzLjfb{ kb| fg ugx{' g' xflbs{ lgdGq0ff
ub5{ f“} .

j}jflxs sfoj{ |md kf| yL{
:yfg M sz' Z] j/ dxfbj] :yfg, bD' hf, l;Gwn' L ufk] fn a/fOnL
ldlt M @)^^ kmfug' @( ut,] zlgaf/ sfl] knf a/fOnL
;do M lbp;“ f] !M#) ah]

kZ| gx¿

-s_ s;sf] 5f/] fsf] ljjfx xb“' } 5 <

-v_ d~h' gk] fnL s;sL 5f/] L xg' \ <

-u_ ljjfx sg' :yfgdf xb“' } 5 <

-3_ s–s;sf aLr ljjfx xb“' } 5 <

(= dflysf] lgdGq0ff k9/] ltdf| bfh,' lbbL jf c¿ s;s} f] ljjfxsf nflu

lgdGq0ff kq tof/ kf/ .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 87

!)= s;s} f] cfjfh jf sfdsf] tl/sfnfO{ gSsn u//] agfOPsf zAbnfO{
cgs' /0ffTds zAb elgG5 . tnsf] sf7] k] b x/] / Toxfa“ f6 cgs' /0ffTds
zAb vfh] /] nv] M

h:t}M 6Kk

d' ;' Ss em 66\ e'

Kof 66\ h' Nof“ w' /{

km' Q ? :; ? 9

? ;'“ Ss 6 w' s

Ss d Sv Kk ? d

r' n{' Dd e' t' Ss

!!= uPsf] zlgaf/ laxfgbl] v an] s' f;Dd ltdLn] ss] ] u¥of,} jm| d ldnfP/
nv] M

laxfg ^ ahM] p7“] .

laxfg & ah] =======================

laxfg * ah] =======================

88 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

kf7 !^ bz] sf] df6f] – si[ 0fk;| fb k/fhn' L

bz] sf] df6f] l;hg{ fn] eg{ ;s] xG' Yof] 89
5ftLel/ Gofgf] dfof 5g{ ;s] xG' Yof] !
df6f;] u“ } gftf uf;“ L a:g] dg eof]
3fdkfgLdf hLjg ;w“} ck0{ f eO/xo\ f]
sx] L ug{ ;s] h:tf] 5g} c´} klg
gLbn] 5fK] nf egL 8/ nfU5 5fofdlg
wtLn{ fO{ pHofnfd] f xg] { ;s] xG' Yof]
bz] sf] df6f] l;hg{ fn] eg{ ;s] xG' Yof] !
3fdsf] ´N' sf] l6Kt} hfb“ f leq w/] } 7U“' of]
ToxL 7u“' fO d6] g\ ] uLt ufpg ;s] kU' of]
xftn] yf/] } cf;“ ' k5' L hfg ;s] klg
cf7] cf7] df /ªu\ r9fO{ ;kmn aGYof] hg' L
dT[ on' fO{ xf;“ Lxf;“ L ag{ ;s] xG' Yof]
bz] sf] df6f] l;hg{ fn] eg{ ;s] xG' Yof] !

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= ‘bz] sf] df6f’] sljtf nodf ufP/ ;g' fpm .

@= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

l;hg{ f ck0{ f ´N' sf]

gftf w/tL 7U“' g'

/ª dT[ o' e6] g\ '

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M
zAb cy{
l;hg{ f dfGg'

ck0{ f lgbf|
gLb lbg] jf r9fpg] sfd
7U“' g' /rgf
ag{' r/fsf rR' rfn] 3fk] ´] “} u/L laemg\ '

$= pQ/ eg M

-s_ 5ftLel/ ss] f] dfof 5g{ ;s] xG' Yof] <

-v_ sljnfO{ lsg 8/ nfU5 <

-u_ sljnfO{ s:tf] uLt ufpg dg nfUof] <

-3_ sljsf cg;' f/ hg' L s;/L ;kmn xG' 5 <

-ª_ slj dT[ on' fO{ s;/L l:jsfg{ rfxG5g\ <

%= tnsf jfSofz+ nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
bz] sf] df6f,] 3fdsf] ´N' sf,] cf7] sf] xf;“ f]

90 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

^= cy{ nv] M
xftn] yf/] } cf;“ ' k5' L hfg ;s] klg
cf7] cf7] df /ªu\ r9fO{ ;kmn aGYof] hg' L

&= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
-s_ sljtfsf cfwf/df sljsf OR5fx¿ jm| d;} u“ nv] .
-v_ c´} klg sx] L ug{ ;s] h:tf] 5g} eg/] sljn] lsg egs] f xg' \ <
-u_ sljsf] ljrf/df hLjg ;kmn agfpg] tl/sfx¿ ss] ] xg' \ <

*= sg' zAb;u“ sg' ldN5, hf8] f ldnfpm M
-s_ -v_
3fd yfk] f]
;fu ´/f]
eft ´N' sf]
kfgL lr/f
crf/ 3/] f]
g'g TofGbf| ]

;k' f/L rfO] 6f]

sf7 lkTsf]

sfj“ m| f] l9sf]

6j' m| f,] s8' s\ f]

l;tf]

(= ‘=== ;s] xG' Yof’] ko| fu] u/L kfr“ cf6] f jfSo agfpm . h:t} M
d ky| d xg' ;s] xG' Yof] .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 91

!)= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb nv] M

pbfx/0f bz] – ljbz]

bz] , Gofgf] dfof, 8/, 5fof,

w/tL, pHofnf,] cf;“ ,' dT[ o'

!!= tnsf] ze' sfdgf k9 / ltdL klg csf{] o:t} ze' sfdgf tof/ kf/ .

z'e sfdgf

o; ljBfnosL kj" { ljBfyL{ ks| l[ t ld>n] :gfts txsf] k/LIffdf ;jk{ y| d
eO{ gk] fn ljBfei" f0f kbs kf| Kt u/s] fdf xflbs{ ze' sfdgf JoSt ub5{ f“} .

kw| fgfWofks
tyf

hgtf kf| ylds ljBfno kl/jf/
bdfn} L, tgx“'

!@= kf7sf] lrq x/] /] To;sf af/d] f Ps cgR' 5b] nv] .

92 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

kf7 !& ;ae} Gbf 7n" f eSt

bj] lif{ gf/b x/avt lji0fs' f] gfd hlk/xGy] . pgsf] dv' af6 ‘gf/fo0f’ ‘gf/fo0f’
lgl:s/xGYof] . of] zAb pgsf] dv' d} f ´l' G8Psf] lyof] . Ps lbg gf/bn] ljrf/
u/] – æd /ftlbg lji0fs' f] gfd hK5' . pgs} dlxdf ufp5“ ' . dn} ] cfkmg\ f] hLjg
o;d} f latfPsf] 5' . deGbf 7n" f] eSt c¿ sf] xg' ;S5 / < t/ d of] s/' f
lji0fs' } dv' af6 ;G' g rfxG5' .Æ

olt ljrf/ u//] ‘gf/fo0f=== gf/fo0f’=== eGb} gf/b js} 0' 7 ku' ] . js} 0' 7df lji0fn' ]
gf/bsf] :jfut u/] . pgn] gf/bnfO{ Toxf“ cfpgfsf] sf/0f ;fw] ] . gf/bn] eg,]
æeujfg\ ! Pp6f kZ| gsf] ;DaGwdf d/] f] dgdf Hofb} vn' bn' L 5 . To;s} f]
;dfwfgsf nflu xh/' sxf“ cfPsf] x“' .Æ

lji0fn' ] eg,] æbj] lif{ ltdL s] ;fW] g cfPsf xf} eGg] s/' f dnfO{ yfxf 5, tk} lg

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 93

d Tof] kZ| g ltd}| dv' af6 ;G' g rfxG5' .Æ

bj' } xft hf8] b\ } gf/bn] lji0f;' u“ eg,] æeujfg\ ! d x/If0f xh/' sf] gfd hK5,'
xh/' sf] sLtg{ u5,{' xh/' kl| t dhlQsf] ;dlkt{ c¿ sf] xg' ;S5 / !Æ

æo; kZ| gsf] pQ/ vfH] g ltdL d;u“ kY[ jLdf hfgk' 5{ .Æ lji0fn' ] eg] .

;f´“ kg{ nflu;ss] f] lyof] . lji0f' / gf/b
bj' n} ] cf–cfkmg\ f] ei] f abn/] ls;fgsf]
¿k lnP . kY[ jLdf cfOku' k] l5 Pp6f
5fkf| lt/ ;ªs\ t] ub{} lji0fn' ] eg,] æTo;
hªu\ nsf] 5p] s} 5fkf| df d/] f ;aeGbf
7n" f eSt a:5g\ .Æ

ædeGbf a9L elSt ug{] sf] /x5] , d klg
hflg/fv“' g eujfg\ ! s] d h:t} u/L Tof]
ls;fg klg xh/' nfO{ x/If0f ;lD´/xG5
t <Æ gf/b lji0fn' fO{ kZ| g ug{ yfn] .

æwo} { /fv, gf/b ! ltdf| ] kZ| gsf] pQ/ ltdL g} e6] 6\ fpg] 5f} .Æ lji0fn' ] eg] .

ei] f abns] f lji0f' / gf/b ls;fgsf] 5fkf| df ku' ] . si[ fs ‘xl/=== xl/=== ufl] jGb ===’
eGb} uf?] nfO{ lsnfdf afW“ b} lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ cfkmg\ f] cufl8 plePsf] bv] /]
ls;fgn] eg,] ætkfOx{“ ¿ sxfa“ f6 cfpge' Psf] xf] < d tkfOx+{ ¿sf nflu s] ug{
;S5' <Æ

lji0fn' ] eg,] æxfdL ;x/ hfg egL lx8“ s] f xf“} . cfpb“ fcfpb“ } ´dSs ;fe“ m kl/xfNof] .
cW“ of/f] ePkl5 oxf“ hªu\ nL hgfj/sf] laulauL xG' 5 . To;n} ] Ps /ftsf lglDt
af; kfOG5 ls <Æ

ls;fgn] v;' L xb“' } eGof,] æcxf] ! d/] f] cxfe] fUo, eujfgs\ f] ho xf;] \ tkfOx“+{ ¿nfO{
d/] f] 5fkf| df :jfut 5 .Æ

94 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

p;n] cfkmg\ L kTgLnfO{ kfxg' fx¿sf lglDt klg vfgf ksfpg nufof] . pgLx¿sf]

3/df clnslt lk7fa] fxs] sx] L lyPg . s6] fs6] Lx¿ klg efs] nfUof] eg/]

s/fO/xs] f lyP . ls;fgn] kTgL;u“ eGof,] ækfxg' fx¿nfO{ klxn] tK[ t u/fpm .
aRrfx¿nfO{ vfn] ] vfg lbP klg xG' 5 .Æ

lji0f' / gf/b /f6] L vfg yfn] . eP hlt ;a} /f6] L ;lsof] t/ pgLx¿sf] efs]
dl] 6Pg . pgLx¿n] vfn] ] klg vfP . of] bv] /] si[ fssf 5f/] fn] afal' ;t eGof,]
ætkfOn+{“ ] xfdLnfO{ vfg glbP/ kfxg' fx¿nfO{ lsg lbPsf] <Æ

si[ fsn] hjfkm lbof,] ækfxg' f egs] f eujfg\ xg' \ afa' . kfxg' fx¿nfO{ tK[ t u/fpb“ f
eujfgn\ fO{ g} tK[ t u/fP ;/x xG' 5 .Æ

csf{] lbg laxfg –

æxl/=== xl/=== ufl] jGb=== ke| ' . xh/' kl| t d/] f] ljZjf; ;w“} c6n /xf;] \ . dnfO{
c¿ yfs] sx] L rflxb“ g} .Æ olt eGb} si[ fs cfkmg\ f] lbgrof{ ;?' ug{ yfNof] . Tolt
g} jn] f lji0f' / gf/b klg ToxL“ cfOku' ] . uf?] nfO{ 3f;“ xfNb} si[ fsn] eGof,] æhg'

xl/n] ;;+ f/ rnfO/x5] g,\ pgsf] ho xf;] \ eujfg\ ;w“} v;' L xfp] mg\ .Æ

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 95