Nepali Book_ class 5- Krishal

clg pm kfxg' fx¿lt/ kmlsb“{ } eGg yfNof,] ætkfOx+{“ ¿ lxhf] /flt /fdf| ;] u“ ;T' g
;Sge' of] ls ePg < tkfOx“{ ¿ dg nfu;] Dd oxf“ a:g ;Sgx' G' 5 . clxn] d
cfkmg\ f] vt] lt/ nfu“" ls <Æ
æxfdL klg tkfO;“+{ u“ vt] df hfg ;S5f“} <Æ lji0fn' ] si[ fs;u“ ;fw] ] . si[ fssf]
:jLsl[ tkl5 tLg} hgf vt] lt/ nfu] . vt] df ku' k] l5 gf/b / si[ fs s/' f ug{ yfn] .
ls;fgM xl/=== xl/=== ufl] jGb .
gf/b M tkfO“+{ t eujfgs\ f] lgs} dlxdf ufpg' xb“' f] /x5] . s] tkfO+{“ eujfgs\ f

7n" f eSt xg' x' G' 5 < s] tkfO“+{ eujfgs\ f] gfd lnO/xgx' G' 5 <
ls;fgM dfs} f ldn;] Dd d eujfgs\ f] gfd lnG5' . d eSt x“' ls xfO] g dnfO{

sx] L yfxf 5g} .
gf/b M eujfgs\ f] gfd lng] sfd tkfO“{ lbgsf] slt k6s ugx{' G' 5 <
ls;fgM d xl/nfO{ laxfg p7g\ l] alQs,} /flt ;T' ge' Gbf cufl8 / lbgdf sx] L

k6s ;D´G5' .
gf/b M Tof] t dn} ] yfxf kfP“ .

96 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff %

To;kl5 si[ fs;u“ labf eO{ lji0f' / gf/b ckmg\ f] af6flt/ nfu] . lgs} a/] lx8“ k] l5
pgLx¿ Pp6f kxf8sf] km] bLdf ku' ] / lj>fd ug{ egL cl8P .

æls;fg s;/L ;aeGbf 7n" f] eSt eof] <Æ oxL kZ| g gf/bsf] dgdf vl] n/xs] f]
lyof] . lji0f;' u“ cfkmg\ f] kZ| g /fVb} gf/bn] eg,] æTo; si[ fsn] xh'/nfO{ laxfg,
an] s' f / lbgdf sx] L k6s ;DemG5 . d eg] xh/' nfO{ x/s] If0f ;lDem/xG5' . xh/'
To; ls;fgnfO{ 7n" f] eStx¿dWos] f Ps eSt eGgx' G' 5 . To;sf] sf/0f s]
xfn] f <Æ

lji0fn' ] eg,] æTo;sf] sf/0f ltdL l56} yfxf kfpg] 5f,} gf/b .Æ

lji0fn' ] gf/bnfO{ kfgL el/Psf] Pp6f 36“} f] lbP . 36“} fsf] dv' df kfgL l6nlkn
l6nlkn lyof] . lji0fn' ] gf/bnfO{ eg] –

ægf/b, 36“} fnfO{ 6fpsfdfly /fv/] ltdL la:tf/} of] kxf8 r9 . 36“} fsf] Ps yfk] f
kfgL klg grx' fOs{ g kxf8sf] 6K' kfdf ku' L ltdL oxf“ kmsg{ k' 5{ .Æ

æeujfg,\ of] sfd Tolt ;lhnf] 5g} tfklg xh/' sf] sk[ f kf| Kt ePkl5 h:tf];'s}
sfd klg ug{ ;lsG5 .Æ olt eGb} gf/b kxf8lt/ nfu] .

psfnf] r9b\ f st} uf8] fdf 7;] nfUYof] . st} uf8] f lrlKng vfH] y] . 36“} fsf] kfgL
5rlNsP/ kfl] vPnf eg/] gf/b Psbd ;hu lyP . cfkmg\ f] sfd k/" f u/L gf/b
kms/{] cfP / xft hf8] L lji0fs' f] cufl8 pleP . lji0fn' ] eg,] æltdL ;kmn ag/]
kmSof{} t/ kxf8 r9/] kmb] Ldf cfOku' G' hn] ltdLn] dnfO{ sltrfl] 6 ;D´o\ f} t .Æ
gf/bn] eg,] ækfgL 5rlNsP/ kfl] vPnf ls eg/] d xfl] ;of/ lyP“ . d/] f] Wofg 36“} f]
/ kfgLdf dfq lyof] . To;n} ] ToltGhn] dn} ] xh/' nfO{ Psrfl] 6 klg ;lD´g
;lsg“ .Æ lji0fn' ] eg,] æTof] si[ fs s8f kl/>d u5{ tk} lg pm dnfO{ jn] fjn] fdf
;lD´/xG5 . psfnf] cf/] fnf] ubf{ ltdLn] t dnfO{ PskN6 klg ;D´g] f} .Æ
lji0fs' f] cufl8 gf/b gtd:ts eP . bj' } xft hf8] L pgn] lji0f;' u“ laGtL u/,] æke| '
dn} ] xh/' sf] s/' f a´' “] . h;n] ;f;+ fl/s ´dn] fdf klg xh/' nfO{ ;lD´g ;S5, Tof]
g} xh/' sf] ;ae} Gbf 7n" f] eSt xf] .Æ

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 97

cEof;

!= lzIfsn] egs] f] ;g' / eg M

bj] lif,{ gf/fo0f, js} 0' 7, :jfut, kZ| g sLtg{ , ;dlkt{ , tK[ t, sk[ f

@ Pshgf gf/b / Pshgf lji0f' agL ‘;aeGbf 7n" f eSt’ syf kfnk} fnf]
k9/] ;g' fpm M

# zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

vn' bn' L lz/ ´s' fpg] sfd

;dlk{t bl} gs ¿kdf ul/g] sfd

ei] f abNg' rxnkxn

laulauL c¿n] lrGg g;Sg] xg' '

cxfe] fUo :jf:gL

kTgL cf/fd

tK[ t r9fOPsf]

lbgrof{ xfl] ;of/

lj>fd vnanL

;hu ;Gti' 6

gtd:ts 7n" f] efUo

98 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

$= pQ/ eg M
-s_ gf/b ;w“} s;sf] gfd hKy] <

-v_ gf/bn] s] ljrf/ u/] <

-u_ gf/b lsg js} 0' 7 uPsf xg' \ <

-3_ pQ/ vfH] g gf/bn] sxf“ hfgk' ¥of] <

-ª_ ei] f abns] f lji0f' / gf/b sxf“ ku' ] <

-r_ gf/bn] lsg lji0fn' fO{ Psrfl] 6 klg ;D´g ;sg] g\ <

%= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M
est\ , lk/l\ yjL, lszfg, lbgr/o\ f, 3O“ tf,] ls/k\ f, ;d´\ Lg

^= lzIfsaf6 tnsf] cgR' 5b] ;g' / sfkLdf nv] M
æpsfnf] r9b\ f st} uf8] fdf 7;] nfUYof] . st} uf8] f lrlKng vfH] y] . 36“} fsf]
kfgL 5rlNsP/ kfl] vPnf eg/] gf/b Psbd ;hu lyP . cfkmg\ f] sfd k/" f
u/L gf/b kms/{] cfP / xft hf8] L lji0fs' f] cufl8 pleP . lji0fn' ] eg,]
ltdL ;kmn ag/] kmSof{} . t/ kxf8 r9/] kmb] Ldf cfOku' G' hn] ltdLn] dnfO{
sltrfl] 6 ;D‰of} t <Æ

&= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} Pp6} zAb nv] M
pbfx/0f M
kfk ug{] – kfkL
w/] } s/' f ug{] – s/' f6} ]
-s_ w/] } hf8“ vfg] –
-v_ w/] } vfg] –
-u_ kLknsf] h:tf] kft ePsf] –

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 99

-3_ rGbd| f h:tf] dv' ePsf] –
-ª_ nfdf] kR' 5/ ePsf] –

*= cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

;dfwfg, x/If0f, 5fkf| ,] kfxg' f, cW“ of/f,]

;ªs\ t] , 6K' kf,] sLtg{ , Psrfl] 6 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff %

(= k9, a´' / jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

dv' d} f ´l' G8g'

dgdf s/' f vN] g'

´dSs xg' '

laulauL xg' '

l6nlkn xg' '

5tf5N' n xg' '

!) s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf,] nv] M

-s_ ;dfwfgsf nflu xh/' sxf“ cfPsf] x“' .

-v_ d Tof] kZ| g ltd}| dv' af6 ;G' g rfxG5' .

-u_ tkfOx{“ ¿nfO{ d/] f] 5fkf| df :jfut 5 .

-3_ xfdLnfO{ vfg glbP/ kfxg' fnfO{ lsg lbPsf] <

-ª_ To;sf] sf/0f l566\ } yfxf kfpg] 5f} .

!!= tnsf kZ| gsf] hjfkm nv] M

-s_ gf/bsf] dgdf s] vn' bn' L eof] <

-v_ gf/bn] lji0f;' u“ kY[ jLdf lsg hfgk' ¥of] <

100

-u_ ls;fgn] s;/L lji0f' / gf/bsf] :jfut u¥of] <

-3_ lji0fn' ] gf/bsf] k/LIff s;/L lnP <

-ª_ s;/L ls;fg gf/beGbf 7n" f] eSt 7xl/of] <

!@= tnsf jfSosf] cfzo nv] L lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm M

-s_ kfxg' f egs] f eujfg\ xg' ,\ afa' .

-v_ dfs} f ldn;] Dd d eujfgs\ f] gfd lnG5' . d eSt x“' ls xfO] g dnfO{
yfxf 5g} .

-u_ h;n] ;f;+ fl/s ´dn] fdf klg xh/' nfO{ ;lD´g ;S5, Tof] g} xh/' sf]
;ae} Gbf 7n" f] eSt xf] .

!#= ‘;ae} Gbf 7n" f eSt’ syf /fd/| L k9 / Tof] syf 5f6] s/Ldf nv] .

l;WofP5, /x5] , vfOlbP5, lxl“ 8;s5] ,

efu] 5 , lgbfP5,' k7fP5, nv] 5] g\

-s_ p;n] t ;a} eft ========== .

-v_ ;fg] fdn] ;a} k;} f ========== .

-u_ d kU' bf t pm ========== .

-3_ /fdn] Psr} fl] 6 bO' 6f lr7L ========== .

!$= pbfx/0fdf lbOPsf jfSo x/] / lbOPsfdWo] ldNbf] zAb ykL tnsf jfSo
k/" f u/ M

pbfx/0f

deGbf a9L elSt ug{] sf] ========<

deGbf a9L elSt ug{] sf] /x5] <

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 101

-ª_ Tof] s6] f] t ========== .
-r_ pm t e;' S' s ========== .
-5_ l5l/ªsf ;fyLx¿n] yk' }| sljtf ========== .
!%= ljleGg ;:+ sl[ t ´Nsfpg] sx] L zAbx¿ tn lbOPsf 5g,\ tL zAbx¿
ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M
dlGb/, eujfg,\ k/Dk/f, kfxg' f, kh" f,
kf7, dl:hb, b;,“} ltxf/, ei] f,
/y, xh, Nxf;] f/, Ob, rr{
!& jfSox¿ ;RofO{ nv] M
lx8“ b\ f lx8“ b\ } plgx¿ kxf/sf tK' kfdf kU' of] < 6nl6/ xb] f{ p;sf] d6' '
ws' ws' eof] . tnaf6 Pp6f dfG5] dfly plSn/xge' Psf] lyof] . Tof] dfG5]
c¿ sfx] L jg} pxfx“ ¿ s} ;fyL lyof] . d klg ToxL dfG5s] f] k5f/L
k5f/L uO/x] .

102 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

kf7 !* k/LIffsf] tof/L

-ljBfnodf k/LIff rln/xs] f] 5 . ;ndf / ;/fh] cfk;df s/' fsfgL ub{} 5g\ .
pgLx¿sf] s/' fsfgL xfdL klg ;g' f“} M_

;ndf M P ;/fh] , ltdLn] efl] nsf] k/LIffsf nflu slt tof/L u¥of} <

;/fh] M v,} s] tof/L ug{' ! ;a} kf7 t kl9;s“] t/ k/LIffdf nV] g ;lsg] xf]
ls xfO] g .

;ndf M k9g\ t dn} ] klg ;a} kf7 k9“] . hfr“ df s:tf kZ| g ;fl] wg] xg' ,\ 8/
nfus] f] 5 .

;/fh] M cf=== h:tf;s' } kZ| g cfpmg\ . cfkm" n] ;a} ljifoj:td' f /fd/| L tof/L
u/k] l5 ss] f] 8/ . a? o;f] u/f“} g, d PsbO' c{ f6] f kZ| g ;fW] 5,' ltdL
ltgsf pQ/ bp] m . To;} u/L ltdL klg dnfO{ kZ| g ;fw] , d pQ/ lbg]
ko| f; u5'{ .

;ndf M ltdLn] Psbd /fdf| ] s/' f u¥of} . n, d Pp6f kZ| g ;fW] 5,' ltdL To;sf]
hjfkm bp] m . bw" / bw" af6 aGg] kl/sf/sf af/d] f atfpm .

;/fh] M ltdLn] t s:tf] ;lhnf] kZ| g u¥of} . c=“ == bw"
k]okbfy{ xf] . o;n] dfgj z/L/sf] jl[ 4 / ljsf;
u5{ . o;df lrNnf] kbfy,{ vlgh, kf| l] 6g, le6fldg
kfOG5 . bw" af6 bxL, dfx] L, gfg} L, vj' f, klg/ cflb
agfOG5 .

;ndf M ltdLn] t k/' } tof/L u/5] f} . s:tf] /fdf| ] pQ/ lbof} ltdLn] t . v,} dnfO{
t cfp5“ ls cfpb“ g} . tk} lg ;fw] L x/] t sg' } kZ| g <

;/fh] M ltdLn] bw" af/] kZ| g u¥of} . d ;fukftaf/] kZ| g u5{' . n eg, ;fukftdf
ss] ] kfOG5 < clg sg' sg' ;fukft xfdLn] vfgk' 5{ <

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 103

;ndf M P, of] t ;lhn} 5 lg ! xl/of ;fukftdf le6fldg,
SoflN;od, kmnfd cflb kfOG5 . ;fukft egs] f]
kfi] f0fsf] e08f/ xf] . /fof,] rD;/' , kfnª' u\ f,] dy] L,
wlgof,“ aGbf cflb ;fukft xfdLn] vfgk' 5{ .

;/fh] M cfx] f] ! ltdLn] klg t s:tf] /fdf| ] hjfkm lbof}
lg . n, ca ltdL dnfO{ csf]{ kZ| g ;fw] t .

;ndf M c=“ == :j:y /xg sg' sg' s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' 5,{ n
eg t .

;/fh] M of] t ´g\ ;lhnf] 5 . :j:y /xg xfdLn] cfkmg\ f] JolStut ;/;kmfO
ugk{' 5{ . To:t} xfdf| ] j/k/sf] jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVgk' 5{ . clg kfl] ;nf
tŒj ePsf vfgs] /' f kz| :t dfqfdf vfgk' 5{ .

;ndf M kv, d klg c¿ sx] L yk eG5' x} . xfdLn] d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %
Jofofd ugk{' 5{ . kz| :t cf/fd klg ugk{' 5{ .

;/fh] M h] xf;] ,\ ltdLn] klg afs“ L s/' fx¿sf] /fd}| hjfkm
lbof} .

;ndf M ca ltdL Pp6f kZ| g ;fw] t ;/fh] , To;sf]
pQ/ klg d /fd;}| u“ lbg] ko| f; u5{' .

104

;/fh] M dflg;sf] :jf:YonfO{ xflg ug]{ s/' f ss] ] xg' \ <

;ndf M x/] , w/] } dfqfdf lrof, skmL vfgx' b“' g} . hf8“ /S;Ln] t ´g\ a9L xflg u5{ .
oL lrhx¿sf] ;j] g ugfn{ ] xfdLnfO{ xflg xG' 5 .

;/fh] M wd" kfgn] klg t dflg;sf] :jf:YonfO{ lgs} c;/ u5,{ xfO] g / <

;ndf M ltdLn] 7Ls eGof,} wd" kfgn] xfdf| ] :jf:YonfO{ g/fdf| ] c;/ u5{ . ;t' L,{
r/' f6] , vg} L ;j] g ug{] afgL nfu] 56' fpg ufxf| ] xG' 5 . o:tf kbfy{ ;j] g
ugx{' b“' g} . s;n} ] s/ u/d] f 6f9} a:gk' 5{ . o;sf ;fy} g;fn' kbfys{ f]
;j] gn] xfdf| ] dfgl;s :jf:YonfO{ ;dt] ljzi] f ¿kn] xflg u5{ . xfdLn]
g;fn' kbfy{ ;j] g ugn{] fO{ klg To;f] gug{ ;Demfpgk' 5{ .

;/fh] M ;ndf, ltdLnfO{ t x/s] ljifodf /fdf| ] hfgsf/L 5 . k/LIffsf] tof/L o:t}
/fdf| ;] u“ ug{ ;s] cem a;] xG' 5, xfO] g <

;ndf M xg' t xf] t/ k9/] dfq k/LIff kf; ug{ ;lsb“ g} . nV] g] afgL klg
ugk{' 5{ . ltdL t dn} ] ;fw] s] f ;a} kZ| gsf pQ/ lbg ;S5f} . dnfO{
nV] g Tolt cfpb“ g} .

;/fh] M xfn] f ! dn} ] ;fw] s] f ;a} kZ| gsf] pQ/ egs] L xfO] gf} ltdLn] <

;ndf M ltdLn] klg t hDd} kZ| gsf pQ/ lbof} lg .

;/fh] M n ca hfpm“ x} t . efl] n k/LIff ejgd} e6] fn“} f n .

;ndf M xG' 5, efl] n pt} e6] fn“} f . ltdf| ] k/LIff /fdf| ] xfc] f;] ,\ d/] f] ze' sfdgf .

;/fh] M ltdLnfO{ klg d/] f] ze' sfdgf .

-bj' } cf–cfkmg\ f] af6f] nfU5g\ ._

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 105

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M

ljBfno, :jf:Yo, u¥of,] hfr“ , SoflN;od, kfl} i6s tŒj

@= ;ndf / ;/fh] agL dflysf] kf7 kfnk} fnf] k9/] ;g' fpm .

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{
ko] kbfy{ dflg;

dfgj lkOg] lrh

vlgh kfi] fs tŒj

le6fldg vfgLleqsf]

t/n z/L/nfO{ tfut lbg] tŒj

kf| l] 6g cfi} fwL cflb vfg] sfd

SoflN;od ´fn]

;]jg xf8 alnof] kfg{] tŒj

$= tnsf vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNbf zAb e/ M

lg Sof/] kf] t Aof/]

cfh ltdf| aa' f 3/ cfpgx' G' g ========= . ltdL PSn} ========= kg]{ eof,} t/
ltdL 8/fpgk' bg}{ ========= . ltdLnfO{ ;fyL rflxP xfdL 5b“ } 5f“} ========= .
xfdL 5f“} eg/] g} ltdf| aa' f gcfpge' Psf] xf] ===========.

%= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M

-s_ bw" af6 aGg] kl/sf/ ss] ] xg' \ <

-v_ ;fukftdf ss] ] kfOG5 <

106 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

-u_ xfdLn] ;fukft lsg vfgk' 5{ < 107
-3_ JolStut ;/;kmfO egs] f] s] xf] <
-ª_ ss] ] s/' fn] dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf xflg k¥' ofp5“ <
^= tnsf zAb ;RofP/ ;f/ M
xfgL, :j:Yo, :jf:y, bb' , efn] L, la;oa:t'
&= pbfx/0f x/] L Pp6} cy{ lbg] ljleGg zAb nv] M
pbfx/0f dfgj – dfG5,] dflg;
-s_ rf8“ } –
-v_ Hofb} –
-u_ cnu –
-3_ dlxnf –
-ª_ k?' if –
-r_ le8 –
*= pbfx/0f x/] L jfSo kl/jtg{ u/ M
pbfx/0f /fdn] sfd u/5] . ;Ltfn] sfd ul/5 .
-s_ efOn] uLt ufP5 .
-v_ s6] fn] ¿v /fk] 5] .
-u_ efOn] lstfa k95] .
-3_ p;n] aQL lgefP5 .
-ª_ ;Ltfn] ufhn nfO5 .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

(= tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M
NofOg]

sfl6g]

s:tf kmnkmn" vfOg] xg' \ <

;fukft al] rg]

l6lkg]

!)= pbfx/0fdf lbOP h:t} u/L jfSonfO{ abn M

pbfx/0f d kZ| g ;fW] 5,' ltdL pQ/ bp] m .

ltdL kZ| g ;fw] , d pQ/ lbG5' .

-s_ d uLt ufp5“ ,' ltdL dfbn ahfpm .

-v_ t“ /l] 8of] vfn] ,\ d uLt ;f5{' .

-u_ tkfO+{ cDaf ´fgx{' f;] ,\ d 8fnf] yfK5' .

-3_ ltdL la?jf /fk] , xfdL uf8] dn] u5f{“} .

-ª_ d ;nfO{ sf5] ,'{ pgL wk" afN5g\ .

!!= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

:j:y, :jf:Yo, k/LIff, hfgsf/L,

vfB, vlgh, kf| l] 6g, le6fldg,

t/n, SoflN;od, ;fukft, jl[ 4,

z/L/, e08f/, kfl} i6s, Jofofd

!@= bw" / ;fukftaf6 ss] ] kmfObf xG' 5, Ps cgR' 5b] df nv] .

!#= cfkmn" ] u/s] f] zl} Ifs ed| 0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfg/] ;j+ fb nv] L lzIfsnfO{
bv] fpm .

108 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

kf7 !( g;s{ f] hLjg

ltdLx¿n] c:ktfndf ;t] f] sldh, ;f8L / Ps lsl;dsf] 6fk] L nufPsf dlxnfx¿nfO{
bv] s] f 5f} < sfx] Lsfx] L t To;dfly ;t] f] sf6] klg nufp5“ g\ . s;n} ] ;t] f] st' f{
;?' jfn nufPsf xG' 5g\ . ltgLx¿ la/fdLsf] x/] ljrf/ u5g{ ,\ cfi} fwL lbG5g\ . tL
sf] xfn] fg\ < xf,] tL g;{ xg' \ . g;x{ ¿ w/] h} ;f] dlxnf g} xG' 5g\ .

g;x{ ¿ cf–cfkmg\ f] ;dodf sfd u5g{ \ . c:ktfndf sg' sg' ;do sfd ug{] egL
kfnf] afl“ 8Psf] xG' 5 . ;fwf/0ftof laxfg, ck/fxg\ / /fltsf] kfnf] xG' 5 .
laxfgsf] kfnf] 5 eg] ;a/] } c:ktfn kU' gk' 5{ . ck/fxg\ ;Dd sfd u/k] l5 cfkmg\ f]
kfnf] csf{] ;fyLnfO{ ae' mfpgk' 5{ . To:t} ck/fxg\ df kfnf] k/s] f] g;n{ ] ;f´“ csf{]
;fyLnfO{ kfnf] a´' fpgk' 5{ . /fltsf] kfnf] ae' ms] f] g;n{ ] efl] nkN6 laxfg csf{] ;fyL
gcfP;Dd sfd ugk{' 5{ .

c:ktfndf /xb“ f g;n{ ] w/] } sfd ugk{' 5{ . pgLx¿ la/fdLsf] tfkjm| d lnG5g\ .

cfi} fwL agfpg] / vj' fpg] sfd u5g{ \ . pgLx¿ la/fdLnfO{ ;O' { lbg] sfd klg u5g{ \ .

la/fdL klg w/] } lsl;dsf xG' 5g\ . sfx] L bv' fOn] lrRofp5“ g\ eg] sfx] L x“ x“ u//]

cfkmg\ f] kL8f JoSt u5g{ \ . w/] } a9L bV' g] vfnsf /fu] L t Pø] of afaf d/“] lg ! eGb}

rsf{] :j/df klg lrRofp5“ g\ . sfx] Ldf eg] To:tf] lrRofpg] tfut klg xb“' g} .

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 109

g;x{ ¿n] la/fdL hfR“ g cfpb“ f 8fS6/nfO{ klg ;3fpgk' 5{ . x/s] la/fdLsf]
ss] :tf] cj:yf 5, Tof] s/' f 8fS6/nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] sfd klg g;s{ } xf] .
zNoljm| of ubf{ klg g;n{ ] 8fS6/nfO{ ;3fpgk' 5{ . of] Hofb} dxŒjk0" f{ sfd xf] .
olt jn] f va' xfl] ;of/ eP/ 8fS6/nfO{ ;3fpgk' 5{ .
dfgj;j] fsf nflu g;s{ f] 7n" f] ofu] bfg 5 . la/fdLnfO{ s;/L ;lhnf] xG' 5, s]
u/] la/fdL rf8“ } lgsf] xG' 5g\ eGg] s/' fdf pgLx¿ ;rt] xG' 5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
xl“ ;nf] cgx' f/ / /fdf| ] Jojxf/n] la/fdLnfO{ lgs} kmfObf ku' s] f] xG' 5 . sg' } la/fdL
lgsf] eP/ 3/ kmsb“{ f g;x{ ¿ Hofb} v;' L xG' 5g\ .
;a} dflg; g;{ xg' ;Sbg} g\ . g;{ xg' rfxgn] ] ;fx] L ljifo lnP/ cWoog ugk{' 5{ .
of] ljifo cWoog ubf{ ljleGg c:ktfndf uO{ la/fdLx¿nfO{ s;/L x/] ljrf/ ug{]
egL l;sfOG5 . aRrfx¿nfO{ s;/L x/] ljrf/ ug{] eGg] ;DaGwdf afn c:ktfndf
uO{ l;sfOG5 . To:t} ;T' s/] L u/fpg] ;DaGwdf l;Sg k;| l" t ux[ df nuL pgLx¿nfO{
tflnd lbOG5 . /fu] l} kR5] ;DalGwt 7fpd“ f nuL pkrf/ ug{] ljlw l;sfOG5 .
ltdLx¿n] kmn\ f/] G] ; gfOl6ªu\ n] sf] gfd ;g' s] f xfn} f . pgL ;;+ f/s} klxnf] g;{
xg' \ . g;{ eP/ ;j] f ug{] efjgf pgn} ] af8“ s] L xg' \ . g;s{ f] hLjg klg ;j] fdf
;dlkt{ xG' 5 . ;j] f g} dfgj
wd{ xf] eGg] efjgf g;x{ ¿df
kfOG5 .

110 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M
c:ktfn, cfi} fwL, sDd/k6] L, ;T' s/] L, k;| l" t

@= z4' kf//] ;f/ M
jL/fld, dxTjkg' { xfl] zof/ lhag, kmnf/] Gz, gfO6Lªu\ n]

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

g;{ lr/kmf/ ug{] sfd, ck/;] g

ck/fx\g ;T' s/] L u/fpg] 3/

tfkjm| d lng' tl/sf

zNoljm| of c:ktfndf la/fdLsf] x/] ljrf/ ug{] dlxnf

k;| l" t ux[ Hj/fs] f] gfk lng] sfd

ljlw lbp;“ f]

$= pQ/ eg M

-s_ g;n{ ] s:tf] nu' f nufp5“ g\ <

-v_ g;n{ ] s;nfO{ ;3fp5“ g\ <

-u_ zNoljm| ofdf s] ul/G5 <

%= jfSo agfpm M

dlxnf, g;,{ ck/fxg\ , tfkjm| d, zNoljm| of,

dfgj, ofu] bfg, tx, cWoog, k;| l" t,

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 111

^= tnsf zAb k9 / nv] M

ck/fxg\ , dWofxg\ , af| xd\ 0f,

xo\ fsn' f], Nxfd,' xj\ f:;

&= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ g;s{ f] kfnf] s;/L afl“ 8Psf] xG' 5 <

-v_ g;n{ ] ug{] sfdx¿ ss] ] xg' \ <

-u_ g;{ sg' jn] f a9L v;' L xG' 5g\ <

-3_ g;n{ fO{ s;/L tflnd lbOG5 <

*= tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M

s/fpb“ }

la/fdLx¿ sGb} 5g\ .

/fu] Lx¿ ?b“ }

lrRofpb“ }

(= jfSodf zAbsf] jm| d ldnfpm M g;{ eljiodf
-s_ ltdLx¿ aG5f} <

-v_ g;t' Lsg . pgLx¿n] ugk{' 5{ sfd /ftel/

-u_ nh} fgk' 5{ ay] f ;T' s/] L nfus] f dlxnfnfO{
. k;| l" t ux[ df
d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %
112

-3_ /fd|f] cxf] s:tf] k;] f g;s{ f]

-ª_ u¥of] eg] Jojxf/ /fdf| ] xG' 5

la/fdL rf8“ } . lgsf]

!)= ldNbf] ljm| ofkb 5fgL jfSo k/" f u/ M
-s_ g;n{ ] sDd/df k6] L =========================================== xG' 5g\ .
-afw“ s] f ÷ afl“ wPsf] ÷ afw“ s] L_
-v_ g;s{ f] nu' fdf gfd nv] s] f] lrh ================================= xG' 5 .
-6f;“ s] f] ÷ 6fl“ ;Psf] ÷ 6f;“ s] f_

!!= hlt / Tolt ykL k/" f jfSo agfpm M
pbfx/0f
ltdL nV] 5f,} d dfof u5{' .
ltdL hlt nV] 5f,} d Tolt dfof u5'{ .

-s_ ltdL vfG5f,} d vfg ;lSbg“ .
-v_ pm eG5, tkfO“{ lbg ;Sgx' G' g .
-u_ d e6] 6\ fpg vfH] 5,' pm 6f9f efU5 .
-3_ cldnf] vfof,] 5ftL kfN] 5 .

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 113

!@= glhs} /xs] f] c:ktfn jf :jf:Yorfs} Ldf g;{ eP ltgnfO{ ;fw] L jf lzIfsnfO{
;fw] L g;s{ f sfdsf] j0fg{ u/ .

!#= ltdL eljiodf s] aGg rfxG5f,} sf/0f;lxt Ps cgR' 5b] nv] .

!$= lzIfs;u“ ;fw] /] kf| ylds pkrf/sf af/d] f Ps cgR' 5b] nv] .

!%= tnsf] ;dfrf/ k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

afl;n{ fg] fl:yt Pp6f sDkgLn] cGtl/Ifdf klxnf] xf6] n vfN] g] / ;g\
@)!@ df cltlysf nflu ;~rfng ul/g] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . oBlk
b UofnflS6s ;6' :k;] l/;f6] s{ f] lgdf0{ fsf nflu xg' ] nufgL /
;dofjlwaf/] ljleGg kZ| g pl7/xs] f 5g\ .

pSt sDkgLn] cfkmg\ f] ;f] xf6] ndf lbg /ft a:gsf nflu $$ nfv
cdl] /sL 8n/ nfUg] / cltlynfO{ Toxf“ a:gsf nflu cf7xKt] nfdf]
ljzi] f tflnd lbOg] hgfPsf] 5 . pSt xf6] ndf a:g] cltlyx¿n]
kl| tlbg !% k6s ;o" fb{] o xg] { / kT| os] *) ldg6] df ljZjj/k/ 3D' g
kfpg] 5g\ . ltgLx¿n] eN] jm| f] gfds ljzi] f kf;] fs nufO{ cfkmg\ f]
sf7] fdf 3;g| ] / leQfdf :kfO8/Dofg h:t} 6fl“ ;g ;Sg] 5g\ . UofnflS6s
;6' lnld68] sf kd| v' sfos{ fl/0fL clwst[ hl] eo/ Snf/fdfG] 6n] Pshgf
c1ft cak{ ltn] pSt xf6] n kl/ofh] gfdf # ca{ cdl] /sL 8n/ nufgL
ug{ tof/ eO;ss] f] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

;fef/ M g]kfn ;dfrf/ kq @)^^.&.!*

-s_ cGtl/Ifdf xf6] n slxn] vN' g] 5 <
-v_ To; xf6] ndf Ps lbg /ft a:g slt vr{ nfU5 <
-u_ Toxfa“ f6 sltk6s ;o" fb{] o xg] { ;lsG5 <
-3_ xf6] ndf a:g] dflg;n] s] gfdsf] kf;] fs nufpgk' 5{ <
-ª_ of] xf6] n sg' sDkgLn] agfpg nfus] f] xf] <

114 d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff %

kf7 @) /fli6o« uf/} j – 36/fh e66\ /fO{

d of6} f kmn" x“" kmN' 5,' cfuf] x“" aN5' bGbgL,
d cfkm“} p7g\ rfxG5' /fi6s« } wS' ws' L agL
d of6} f jI[ f x“" c85\ ' c8g\ k' 5{ l;sfp5“ '
cfkmg\ } kf/} vdf afR“ 5' cfkmg\ f] /fi6« arfp5“ '

of6} } hLljt dfG5n] ] a;fN5 l;hg{ f jm| d,
To;} pBfu] df h6' 5\ nfvf“} dflg;sf] >d .
dv' n] afN] 5, cfv“ fn] bV] 5, 5g\ xft sfddf
k/|] 0ff lbG5 cfTdfn] s] 5g} k0" ft{ f ddf <

Pp6f dfG5] xf] /fi6« ToxL“ pnG{ 5 ;fu/,
rflxG5 p;df lsGt' cf6“ , ;fx;, hfu“ /
h6' f“} lxDdtn] xfdL aufcf“} kl;gf ca
ldnfcf,“} uLtdf efj rDsf;] \ /fli6o« uf/} j .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 115

cEof;

!= ‘/fli6o« uf/} j’ sljtf lzIfsn] nodf ufPsf] ;g' / To;c} g;' f/ ufpm .

@= tnsf zAbx¿ k:| 6;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

/fi6,« l;hg{ f, pBfu] , k0" ft{ f, ca

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

ws' ws' L kl/>d

jI[ f xf;} nf

kf/} v cf6“

l;hg{ f jm| d ¿v

pBfu] d6' s' f] rfn, 9s' 9s' L

>d /rgf jm| d

k/]| 0ff pTkfbg

;fx; k?' iffy{

$= k9 / a´' M

of6} f Pp6f

bGbgL bgbgL

wS' ws' L ws' ws' L

of6} } Pp6}

x"“ x'“

116 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

%= pQ/ eg M
-s_ sljtfdf d egs] f] sf] xfn] f <

-v_ sljtfdf d ss] ] x“' elgPsf] 5 <

-u_ s;n] l;hg{ f jm| dnfO{ a;fNg ;S5 <

-3_ dv' , cfv“ f, xft / cfTdfn] dflg;sf] k0" ft{ fnfO{ s;/L hgfp5“ g\ <

-ª_ /fli6o« uf/} j s;/L a9fpg ;lsG5 <

^= sljtfaf6 zAbsf] cGTodf ‘5 ’/ ‘5’' ePsf ljm| ofkb vfh] /] nv] .

&= sljtfsf kªl\ St k/" f u/ M

of6} } hLljt dfG5n] ] ========== ========== ==========

========== ========== h6' 5\ ========== ==========

*= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

cfuf,] /fi6,« hLljt, >d,

cfTdf, ;fu/, hfu“ /

(= pbfx/0f x/] /] zAb agfpm M

pbfx/0f kmN' 5 kmn' f;] \

rfxG5, c85\ , afR“ 5, h6' 5\ ,

afN] 5, bV] 5, pnG{ 5, rDsG5

!)= k9, a´' / ;f/ M

Pp6f dfG5] xf] /fi6« ToxL“ pnG{ 5 ;fu/,

rflxG5 p;df lsGt' cf6“ , ;fx;, hfu“ /

h6' f“} lxDdtn] xfdL aufcf“} kl;gf ca

ldnfcf“} uLtdf efj rDsf;] \ /fli6o« uf/} j .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 117

!!= JofVof u/ M
dv' n] afN] 5, cfv“ fn] bV] 5, 5g\ xft sfddf

k/|] 0ff lbG5 cfTdfn] s] 5g} k0" ft{ f ddf <

!@= pQ/ nv] M
-s_ sljtfsf] d kfq ss] ] ug{ rfxG5 <

-v_ hLljt dflg;n] s;/L l;hg{ f jm| d a;fNg ;S5 <

-u_ Pp6} dfG5] s;/L k0" f{ xg' ;S5 <

-3_ lsg dflg;nfO{ cf6“ , ;fx; / hfu“ / rflxG5 <

-ª_ lsg uLtdf efj ldnfpgk' 5{ <

!#= cfb/;r" s jfSodf kl/jtg{ u/ M
pbfx/0f M t“ lr7L nv] \ .
ltdL lr7L nv] .
-s_ t“ kf7 k9\ .
-v_ Tof] uLt ufp5“ .
-u_ ;d' f /fdf| ;] u“ gfR5] .
-3_ ;fyL nv] nV] 5 .
-ª_ tn“} ] eft vfO;\ .
-r_ /fde/f;] d/] f] ;fyL xf] .

!$= tnsf jfSodf s] ldns] f] 5g} , kQf nufpm / ldnfP/ nv] M
-s_ /ftf] sndx¿ lsg .

-v_ pgsf] ;fyL cfOg\ .
-u_ d/] f] cfdf lzIfs xg' x' G' 5 .
-3_ cfkmg\ f] alxgLsf] s;nfO{ dfof nfUbg} / !
-ª_ xfdf| ] ;fyL cfp5“ g\ .

118 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

!%= tnsf vfnL 7fpd“ f ldNg] zAb 5fg/] e/ / sljtf k/" f u/ M

l;hg{ fsL ===========x“' d -vfgL, bw" , tn] _

;fgL;fgL ============ -kfgL, afgL, gfgL_

l;sfObp] m =============== xg' ] -/fdf| ,] rfdf| ,] hd' f| _]

======== xg' ] afgL -k;n, c;n, km;n_

3fd bp] m ========= dnfO{ -uftf,] hft“ f,] tftf_]
hg" bp] mM ========== -/f6] L, Hofl] t, nf6] L_
/fVg ;s“' =============== df -xTsn] f, h:sn] f, km:' sn] f_
kf/} vsf ================== -6fk] L, df6] L, dft] L_

;a} eG5g\ ===== dnfO{ -;fgL, /fgL, bfgL_
=================== sL kfgL -ufuf| , ssn{ f, rDrf_
;fgb} l] v /fdf| ] ============ -gx' fP, eP, 9f6“ _]
/fdf| ] xG' 5 ================ -gfgL, afgL, xflg_

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 119

kf7 @! kZrfQfk

Ps lbg laxfg uft} da4' ¿vdl' g a;L lziox¿nfO{ pkbz] lbb“ } lyP – cfkm" ;u“
l/;fpgs] f] klg slxNo} l/; gug{" . s;n} ] cfkmg\ f] lauf/ u/5] eg] klg To;sf] lauf/
gug{" . o;f] ugfn{ ] l/;fpgs] f] klg l/; d5,{ lauf/ ugn{] ] klg lauf/ ug{ 5f8] 5\ .
To;} jn] f Ps hgf dflg; Toxf“ cfof] . pm lgs} wgL h:tf] bl] vGYof] .
æd ltdLnfO{ g} vfH] b} cfPsf] x“' .Æ
ælsg vfH] ge' Psf] xf] sl' Gg <Æ

120 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

æltdL grflxb“ f] s/' f dfq u//] lx8“ 5\ f} . ltdL cfkm" klg sfd ubg{} f,} c¿nfO{ klg
sfd ug{ lbb“ g} f} . vfln efif0f dfq ub{} lx8“ 5\ f} .Æ

oL ;a} s/' f ;g' /] rn] fx¿nfO{ l/; p7o\ f] t/ a4' eg] xf;“ L dfq} /x] .

ltdLnfO{ xfl“ ;/xg nfh nfUbg} < c¿sf 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ afn] fof,] ukm u¥of,] hfu] L
agfof] . pgLx¿sf 3/df slt w/] } sfd 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ 3/sf] sfd ug{
k7fpg'kb}{g < To;} cndNofpg] < ltdL t kfkL xf} .

olt ubf{ klg a4' xfl“ ;/x] . pgnfO{ l/; p7g] . t/ To; dfG5n] fO{ ´g´\ g\ l/;
p7\of] . p;n] a'4nfO{ v'a ufnL u¥of] . p;n] ca t ufnL ug]{ zAb klg
kfPg . pm Hofb} yfSof] . yfsk] l5 pm 3/ kmSof{] .

æu?' ! To; dfG5n] ] xh/' nfO{
va' ufnL u¥of] . tk} lg u?' n]
sx] L eGge' Pg .Æ Ps hgf rn] Ln]
s/' f p7fOg\ .

a'4n] eg], ægfgL ! o;df
cfZro{ dfGgk' g{] sx] L 5g} .
h;;u“ h] xG' 5, p;n] ToxL
dfq af8“ g\ ;S5 . ltgL;u“ l/;
/x5] , ToxL bv] fP . d;u“ To:tf]
sx] L lyPg . d s] lbpm“ < To;n} ] d rk' nfus] f] x“' .Æ

æu?' sf] pkbz] kfPsf eP ltgsf] al' 4 cfpY“ of] ls <Æ

ltdLn] egs] f] 7Ls xf] .

æt/ ctL{ lbg klg ;do xg] k{' 5,{ gq ctL{ lbPsf] sfd nfUbg} . dn} ] Tolt jn] f
ctL{ lbPsf] eP pgL ´g\ l/;fpy“ ] . To;n} ] dn} ] sx] L gegs] f] x“' .Æ

æt/ u?' ! pgL To;} kmlsP{ . pgsf] enf] xg' kfPg lg t .Æ

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 121

pgL clxn] To;} kms{] . t/ pgsf] l/; zfGt ePkl5 pgL km] l/ cfpg] 5g\ . Tolt
jn] f pgnfO{ sx] L egn“' f .
af6fdf wgL dfG5s] f dgdf s/' f vN] g yfn] . p;n] cfkm" n] a4' nfO{ ufnL u/s] f]
klg ;D‰of] . cfkm" n] ufnL ubf{ klg a4' zfGt eP/ a;s] f lyP .
dn} ] To;/L ufnL ubf{ klg pgL Ps zAb afn] g] g\ . s:tf] zfGt :jefj .
pm hlt k/ hfGYof,] Tolt p;nfO{ kZrfQFk xG' Yof] . To;n} ] pm 3/} guO{ km/Ss kms/{]
a4' ePsf] 7fpd“ f cfof] . pm a4' sf] kfpdf
k¥of] .
a4' nfO{ To; dfG5k] l| t bof hfUof] . pgn]
p;nfO{ 5ftLdf 6f;“ ] . pgn] p;nfO{ cfkmg\ f]
z/0fdf lnP .
æx] k|e' ! xh'/ ;f“RrL g} dxfTdf x'g'x'“bf]
/x]5 . dn} ] en' u/,“] Ifdf kfpm“ . dnfO{ klg
rn] f] agfP/ z/0fdf lngx' f;] \ .Æ pm ks' f/ ug{ yfNof] .
æx/] afa' ! 3dG8 / l/; dfG5s] f] ;ae} Gbf 7n" f] zq' xf] . cl3 ltdL;u“ 3dG8 /
l/; kz| :t lyof,] clxn] ;a} x/fof] . To;n} ] d ltdf| ] x,“' ltdL d/] f xf} .

122 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M

kZrfQfk, uft} d, grflxb“ f,] cfZro,{ ctL,{ pkbz]

@= ‘kZrfQfk’ syf k9 / sIffdf ;g' fpm .

#= ltdLnfO{ cfpg] Pp6f syf ;g' fpm .

$= ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;f/ M
;L:o, sxLnO] , sG" gL, u/b\ Ogp cndnfpg,] c/l\ t, Ifd] f

%= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

lzio k5t' f]

pkbz] cfkm}“ 7n" f] x“' eGg] wfs

lauf/ w/] }

efif0f rn] f]

cfZro{ ;efdf JoSt ug{] ljrf/

enf] /Iff ug{] sfd

:jefj dxfg\ dfG5]

kfp afgL

dxfTdf v6' 6\ f

z/0f c;n

3dG8 crDd

kz| :t pkbf| ]

kZrfQfk 1fgug' sf s/' f, ctL{

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 123

^ pQ/ eg M
-s_ a4' sxf“ wgL dflg; lsg cfPsf] lyof] <
-v_ a4' sf rn] fnfO{ wgL dflg;;u“ lsg l/; p7o\ f] <
-u_ wgL dflg;n] a4' nfO{ s] eGof] <
-3_ a4' n] wgL dflg;nfO{ s:tf] hjfkm lbP <

&= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf,] eg M
-s_ lsg vfH] ge' Psf] xf,] sl' Gg <
-v_ vfnL efif0f dfq ub{} lx8“ 5\ f} .
-u_ u?' , pgL To;} kmlsP{ .
-3_ Ifdf kfpm“ .
-ª_ d ltdf| ] x,“' ltdL d/] f xf} .

*= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
lzio, efif0f, :jefj, z/0f, pkbz] , cfZro,{
kfp, 3dG8, lauf/, enf,] dxfTdf, kZrfQfk

(= ldNbf] zAb ykL jfSo k/" f u/ M
-s_ pgL km] l/ ===================== . -cfpg] 5÷cfpg] 5g÷\ cfpg] 5f} _
-v_ d of] s/' f kl5 ============= . -eGnf÷egn“' f÷eGnfg_\
-u_ ltdL cfh} of] sfd ========= . -ugk{' 5÷{ u¥of÷} u/_
-3_ tkfO+{“ To;} ========= . -kmsg{ e' of÷] kmlso{ f÷] kmlsP{ _
-ª_ t“ p;;u“ ========== . -l/;fpg] lyof÷] l/;fpg] lyO;÷\ l/;fpg] lyof_}

124 d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff %

!)= tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M p;n] ljsf;
al' 4 To;n] ku| lt ug{ ;S5 .

h;;u“ ljBf 5, pGglt
1fg
;Lk

!!= pQ/ nv] M
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-u_ rn] Ln] a4' nfO{ s] elgg\ <
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-ª_ wgL dfG5] kms/{] kml] / lsg cfof] <
-r_ wgL dflg;sf] dgdf s;/L kl/jtg{ cfof] <

!@= k9, a´' / nv] M
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-v_ ltgL;u“ l/; /x5] ToxL bv] fP .
-u_ ctL{ lbg klg ;do xg] k{' 5{ .
-3_ u?' sf] pkbz] kfPsf] eP ltgsf] al' 4 cfpY“ of] .
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!#= kZrfQfk syfaf6 s] l;Sof,} ;ªI\ fk] df nv] .

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 125

!$= w/] n} fO{ hgfpg] ;Gbed{ f tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ kl/jtg{ u/ M

pbfx/0f

¿v 9Nof] .

¿vx¿ 9n] .

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pbfx/0f

emdemd kfgL k/s] f,] rsf{] 3fd nfus] f]

cl3 emdemd kfgL k/s] f] lyof,] clxn] rsf{] 3fd nfus] f] 5 .

-s_ 3fd nfus] f,] afbn nfus] f]

-v_ wf/fdf kfgL, ;S' vf

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cgR' 5b] df nv] .

126 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

!&= tn lbOPsf lrq x/] L lrq syf nv] /] sIffdf bv] fpm .

d]/f] g]kfnL M sIff % 127

kf7 @@ lstfa s;/L aG5 <

efOalxgL xf] ! ltdLx¿sf] xftdf hg' lstfa 5, Tof] s;/L ags] f] xf]nf <
ltdLx¿sf] dgdf o:tf] kZ| g slxNo} cfPsf] 5 < cfPsf] eP klg geP klg o:tf]
lh1f;f /fVg' /fdf| ] xf] . lh1f;fn] g} xfdL w/] } s/' f l;Sg ;S5f“} . sg' } klg s/' f lsg
eof] xfn] f < s;/L eof] xfn] f < s] xg' ] xfn] f < h:tf kZ| g dgdf /fVgk' 5{ .
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ca ltdLx¿nfO{ lstfa s;/L aG5 eGg]
hfGg v;v; nfUof] xfn] f, xfO] g t < n
cfcf,] d 5f6] s/Ldf atfp5“ ' .

;jk{ y| d lstfa nv] fpg] sfofn{ on] nv] snfO{
lstfa nV] g nufp5“ . o:tf] sfofn{ onfO{
ks| fzg ;:+ yf elgG5 . To;kl5 nv] sn] lstfa
nV] 5g\ / sfofn{ odf a´' fp5“ g\ . nv] sn] sfofn{ odf ae' mfpg] lstfasf] kl| tnfO{
kf08'lnlk elgG5 . To; kf08'lnlknfO{ sfof{non] ljz]if1x¿åf/f ;Dkfbg
u/fp“5 . ;Dkfbg egs] f] gldns] f] s/' f ldnfpg] / z4' kfg]{ sfd xf] . o;/L
;Dkfbg ul/;sk] l5 klxnf] r/0f k/" f xG' 5 .

kf08l' nlk ;Dkfbg ul/;sk] l5 To;df lrq agfpg] sfd xG' 5 . lrq agfpb“ f
klxnf sg' kf7df s:tf] lrq /fVgk' 5{ eGg] s/' fdf 5nkmn xG' 5 . 5nkmn ubf{
lrqsf/, nv] s / ;Dkfbsx¿ Ps} 7fpd“ f a:5g\ .

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sfddf sDKo6' /sf] 7n" f] el" dsf xG' 5 . :jLst[ kf08l' nlknfO{ sDKo6' /df 6fOk
ul/G5 . PskN6 k/" f 6fOk ul/;sk] l5 efiff ;Dkfbsn] To;sf] efiff x5] g{ \ . efiff
xb] f{ cIf/, zAb, jfSo cflb 7Ls / z4' 5g\ ls 5g} g,\ To; s/' fdf a9L Wofg
lbOG5 . cIf/df nfus] f afOdfqf, bflxg,] tsN{' n,] awG{ g] jf x:| jbL3{ cflb xg] ]{

128 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

sfd klg ul/G5 . o:tf] sfdnfO{ k|'km
l/l8ª elgG5 .

efiff;Dkfbg / kk'| m k9g\ ] sfd ;lsPkl5
kg' M sDKo6' /df ;RofOG5 .

efiffsf bl[ i6n] kf7x¿ z4' eO;s]kl5
lrqsf/ jf l8hfOg/n] pkoS' t 7fpd“ f
lrq /fVg] sfd u5g{ \ . To:t} lstfasf
kT| os] ki[ 7 agfpg] sfd klg u5g{ \ . 5fKgnfO{
tof/ ePsf kf7o\ ;fduL| 5kfOsf nflu
db' s| sxf“ k7fOG5 .

db' s| sxf“ pSt ;fduL| uPkl5 db' 0| f ug]{
;:+ yfn] kT| os] ki[ 7sf] kmf6] f] lvR5 . kmf6] f]
lvlr;sk] l5 Pp6f 5fKg] oGqdf /fv/] lstfa
5flkG5 . oxfg“ /] Pp6f s/' f ltdLx¿nfO{
egf“} . kmf6] f] glvrLsg klg lstfa 5fKg ;lsG5 . of] 56' 6\ } tl/sf xf] . of] tl/sf
o:tf] 5 – hg' hg' cIf/ 5fKgk' g]{ xf,] tLtL cIf/sf 6j' m| f Pp6f ljzi] f ks| f/sf]
ls:tLdf ldnfP/ /flvG5 . To;kl5 To; ls:tLdf d;L nufP/ To;sf] 5fk sfuhdf
kfl/G5 . ltdLx¿ cfn' jf O/h] /df sg' } cIf/ pN6f] xg' ] u/L sb“' /] To;df d;L
nufcf] . To;kl5 Pp6f sfuhdf 5fKg nufcf] . Tof] cIf/ 5flkG5, xfO] g t <
To:t} ltdLx¿n] ljBfnosf] 5fk bv] s] f xfn} f . s;/L sfuhdf 5fk cfp5“ .

k:' ts hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . 1fg kf| Kt ug{] Pp6f /fdf| ] dfWod k:' ts klg xf] .
clxn] k:' ts 5kfOdf kl/jtg{ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] dV' o sf/0f ljBfyL{ / kf7s
a9g\ ' g} xf] . w/] } / l56f] 5fKg t gof“ tl/sf g} rflxG5 . To;n} ] 5kfOdf klg
cfwl' gs tl/sf ljsl;t ePsf] xf] .

dl] ;gåf/f lstfa 5fKg] sfd ePkl5 To;nfO{ Pp6} aGwgdf /flvG5 . To;kl5

d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff % 129

To;df cln afSnf] vfnsf] uftf xflnG5 . To; uftfdf lstfasf] gfd nl] vPsf]
xG' 5, xfO] g t < o;/L lstfa agfOG5 . o;kl5 lstfa ljleGg 7fpd“ f k7fOG5 .
o;/L ltdLx¿sf] xftdf k9g\ ] lstfa cfOkU' 5 .

130 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

cEof;

!= ;g' / eg M

vfh] LlgtL, sfofn{ o, kf08l' nlk, tsN{' n,] awG{ g,] x:| j, ki[ 7, db' 0| f

@= z4' kf/L sfkLdf nv] M

hLUofzf, ksfz{ g, la;z] 1, lbw,{ k:[ 6, sLl:t

#= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

zAb cy{

lh1f;f sg' } ljifodf a9L hfGg] JolSt

v;v; nfUg' 5kfO;DaGwL sfd

ks| fzg z4' kfg{] jf /fd/| L u//] l;Sg] sfd

ljzi] f1 5fKg] JolSt jf ;:+ yf

;Dkfbg hfGg] OR5f

sDKo6' / a9L pT;s' xg' '

el" dsf kfgf

l8hfOg/ afW“ g] wfuf] jf hO' gf]

ki[ 7 5kfO tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL cfwl' gs dl] ;g

db' s| ofu] bfg

aGwg ¿k / ;Hhf ldnfpg] JolSt

$= pQ/ eg M

-s_ lh1f;f /fVbf s] kmfObf xG' 5 <

-v_ lstfa nV] g nufpg] ;:+ yfnfO{ s] elgG5 <

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 131

-u_ ;Dkfbg egs] f] s] xf] <

-3_ lstfasf ki[ 7x¿nfO{ lsg aGwgn] afl“ wG5 <

-ª_ uftfdf s] nl] vPsf] xG' 5 <

%= pQ/ nv] M

-s_ lstfa nV] g] sfofn{ on] ug{] sfd ss] ] xg' \ <

-v_ ljzi] f1x¿sf] sfd s] xf] <

-u_ db' s| sf] sfd s] xf] <

-3_ lstfa sg' sg' tl/sfn] 5flkG5 <

-ª_ ltdf| ] lstfasf] uftfdf ss] ] 5g\ <

-r_ lstfa agfpb“ f k/" f ugk{' g{] sfdsf] ;r" L agfpm .

-5_ lstfasf] dxŒj lsg 5 <

^= afof“ / bfofs“ f jfSo ldnfO{ nv] M

-s_ ltdL hg' lstfa lnG5f,} ltdL To;/L xf;“ .

-v_ d hxf“ hfG5,' pm ToxL eG5 .

-u_ pm h;/L xf:“ of,] d ToxL lnG5' .

-3_ tkfO+{ h] eGgx' G' 5, ltdL ToxL“ hfpm .

&= tnsf] tflnsfaf6 jfSox¿ agfpm M

xl/

/lj 3/ uPsf]

an/fd ljBfno cfPsf] lyof] .

si[ 0f

132 d/] f] g]kfnL M sIff %

*= ldNg] rflx“ zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] M
-s_ pm dnfO{ ux[ sfo{ ====================== . -u5÷{ u/fp5“ _
-v_ ;Ltf efOnfO{ gk] fnL ================== . -k9l\ 5g÷\ k9fpl“ 5g_\
-u_ Hofl] t ;fyLnfO{ lx;fa ================ . -l;lS5g÷\ l;sfpl“ 5g_\
-3_ xfdLn] ;an} fO{ ==================== k5{ . -xf:“ g÷' x;“ fpg_'

(= z4' kf/ M
-s_ d s;;} u“ /L;fp“ lbg .
-v_ ltdL d/] f] 3/ uosf 5f} <
-u_ zo" { laxfg p8fp5“ .
-3_ ltdf| ] ljWofno sg' xf] <

!) tn lbOPsf zAbx¿nfO{ tflnsfdf e/ M
lstfa, 5kfO, lrqsf/, /lj, kfs] f,] xn' , kfgL, dfof, zzL, kmnfd
JolSt hflt j:t' ;dx" efj

!!= k:' ts k9b\ f ss] ] s/' f yfxf kfOG5, nv] .

!@= k:' ts /flvg] / kl9g] 7fp“ k:' tsfno xf] . ltdLn] k:' tsfno bv] s] f 5f} <
bv] s] f 5g} f} eg] sIffdf ;fyLx¿;u“ k:' tsfnosf ljifodf 5nkmn u/ .
glhsdf k:' tsfno eP Toxf“ ed| 0f u/ . To;kl5 cfkmg\ f lzIfssf] ;dt]
;xofu] lnO{ ‘k:' tsfno’ zLifs{ df Pp6f ;fgf] lgaGw nv] .

!#= ltdLnfO{ dg k/s] f] sg' } lstfa k9 / To;df ltdLnfO{ /fdf| ] nfus] f s/' f
nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff % 133

!$== leQk] fqf] x/] L tn lbOPsf kZ| gsf] hjfkm bp] m M

-s_ of] slt ;fnsf] kfqf] xf] <
-v_ kl" 0fd{ f slt ut] k/s] f] 5 <
-u_ dfly sg' sg' ;j+ t\ pNnv] ul/Psf 5g\ <
-3_ o; dlxgfdf slt cf6] f zlgjf/ k/s] f 5g\ <
-ª_ @)^^ ;fn rq} ! ut] s] af/ k/s] f] xfn] f <

134 d/] f] gk] fnL M sIff %

!%= tnsf] lrq x/] / To;sf] j0fg{ u/ M

;fef/MlzIff ljefu

!^= sIff % sf] gk] fnL lstfa k9/] ltdLn] ss] ] l;Sof} <

d]/f] gk] fnL M sIff % 135