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WF\KC CMVQTC QF ITWR[
















YYY OJM RN

41&<+%' < &<+'ȱ/+



<CDCYC MVȡTC WE\[ VQ JCUQ RT\GYQFPKG E[MNW URQVMCɧ FNC F\KGEK 9 KEJ VTCMEKG OCNK QFMT[YE[ RQ\PCLȰ
RQRT\G\ IT[ \CDCY[ URCEGT[ K URQVMCPKC YCTU\VCVQYG VCLGOPKEG K UGMTGV[ OCIKE\PGIQ -TCMQYC 0C
PCLOQFU\[EJ QFYKGF\CLȰE[EJ /W\GWO E\GMCLȰ Y EKȰIW TQMW TȡYPKGʝ KPPG EKGMCYG RTQRQ\[ELG VCMKG
EJQEKCʝD[ LCM HGTKG E\[ NCVQ Y OW\GWO

/7<'1/#0+# 9 MCʝF[O TQMW U\MQNP[O \CRTCU\CO[ PC E[MN \CLɂȲ FNC F\KGEK K OQF\KGʝ[ Y TCOCEJ
/W\GQOCPKK #MCFGOKC /CGIQ 1FMT[YE[ QTC\ #MCFGOKC /CGIQ 1FMT[YE[ ':64#К /C[ YKGNMK
-TCMȡY 6CLGOPKE\[ MWHGT 5Ȱ VQ MTGCV[YPG URQVMCPKC YCTU\VCVQYG QTC\ URCEGT[ OKGLUMKG %Q TQM
PQY[ RTQITCOК 9KɂEGL PC YYY OJM RN OW\GQOCPKC


#MCFGOKC /CGIQ 1FMT[YE[


2TQITCO FGF[MQYCP[ YU\[UVMKO IQFP[O YKGF\[ K YTCʝGɧ OC[O
QFMT[YEQO Y YKGMW NCV QTC\ KEJ TQF\KEQO MVȡT\[ Y CMV[YP[ K VYȡTE\[
URQUȡD RTCIPȰ RQ\PCYCȲ -TCMȡY Y[TCUVCLȰE V[O UCO[O PC RTCYF\KY[EJ
\PCYEȡY C \CTC\GO OKQɺPKMȡY LGIQ F\KGLȡY K MWNVWTQYGIQ F\KGF\KEVYC
2QFQDPKG LCM -T\[U\VQHQTGM K &QTQVMC ť DQJCVGTQYKG OW\GCNPGIQ E\CUQRKUOC
Ů-T\[U\VQHQTGMŭ ť MVȡT\[ YURȡNPKG \ F\KGȲOK WE\GUVPKE\Ȱ Y Y[DTCP[EJ \CLɂEKCEJ





/C[ YKGNMK -TCMȡY


%[MN OKGLUMKEJ URCEGTȡY FNC F\KGEK Y YKGMW ť NCV QTC\ KEJ TQF\KEȡY
6TCU[ K VGOCV[MC URCEGTȡY UȰ VCM RT\GO[ɺNCPG CD[ Y OQFU\[EJ WE\GUVPKMCEJ
Y\DWF\KȲ EKGMCYQɺȲ ɺYKCVC K \COKQYCPKG FQ QFMT[YCPKC VCLGOPKE -TCMQYC
9[EKGE\MK VTYCLȰ PKGEQ RQPCF IQF\KPɂ




6CLGOPKE\[ MWHGT

2TQITCO UMKGTQYCP[ FQ MTGCV[YP[EJ K EKGMCY[EJ ɺYKCVC OCNWEJȡY Y YKGMW
NCV QTC\ KEJ TQF\KEȡY MVȡT\[ RTCIPȰ YURKGTCȲ YU\GEJUVTQPP[ TQ\YȡL UYQKEJ
RQEKGEJ LWʝ QF PCLOQFU\[EJ NCV -CʝFG URQVMCPKG MQPEGPVTWLG UKɂ PC Y[DTCP[O
RT\GFOKQEKG ť ɺYKCFMW OKPKQP[EJ YKGMȡY K RQ\YCNC F\KGEKQO PC UVCYKCPKG
RKGTYU\[EJ MTQMȡY Y ɺYKGEKG RT\GU\QɺEK <CEJɂEC KEJ V[O UCO[O FQ
KPVGTCMV[YPGIQ RQ\PCYCPKC JKUVQTKK K MWNVWT[ -TCMQYC



#MCFGOKC /CGIQ 1FMT[YE[ ':64#К

2TQITCO FGF[MQYCP[ YU\[UVMKO IQFP[O YKGF\[
K YTCʝGɧ OC[O QFMT[YEQO QTC\ KEJ TQF\KEQO MVȡT\[
Y CMV[YP[ K VYȡTE\[ URQUȡD RTCIPȰ RQ\PCYCȲ -TCMȡY
Y[TCUVCLȰE V[O UCO[O PC RTCYF\KY[EJ \PCYEȡY
C \CTC\GO OKQɺPKMȡY LGIQ F\KGLȡY K MWNVWTQYGIQ
F\KGF\KEVYC 2QFQDPKG LCM -T\[U\VQHQTGM K &QTQVMC ť
DQJCVGTQYKG OW\GCNPGIQ E\CUQRKUOC Ů-T\[U\VQHQTGMŭ ť
M
MVVȡT\[ YURȡNPKG \ F\KGȲOK WE\GUVPKE\Ȱ Y Y[DTCP[EJ
\CLɂEKCEJ
YYY OJM RN

-4<;5<61(14'-



%\[VCLК $CY UKɂК <YKGF\CL -TCMȡYК %\CUQRKUOQ FNC /C[EJ 1FMT[YEȡY MVȡT\[ YTC\ \ LGIQ DQJCVGTCOK
ť -T\[U\VQHQTMKGO K &QTQVMȰ QFMT[YCLȰ RT\GU\QɺȲ FCYPGL UVQNKE[ RCɧUVYC -T\[U\VQHQTGM VQ
DQICEVYQ VTGɺEK IT[ K \CDCY[ QTC\ YURCPKCC U\CVC ITCƓE\PC








































52'-6#-.' &.# &<+'%+ 9 9+'-7 .#6


9 EKȰIW TQMW QFD[YC UKɂ MKNMCPCɺEKG URGMVCMNK Q TȡʝPGL VGOCV[EG \ -T\[U\VQHQTMKGO K &QTQVMȰ Y TQNK
IȡYPGL 9 DCTYP[ K F[PCOKE\P[ URQUȡD RT\GFUVCYKCLȰ TȡʝPG JKUVQTKG \CD[VMQYGIQ -TCMQYC
2T\Gʝ[L \ PCOK YURCPKCȰ RT\[IQFɂК






















YYY OJM RN ^ KPHQ"OJM RN


/W\GWO *KUVQT[E\PG /KCUVC -TCMQYC 2CCE -T\[U\VQHQT[
4[PGM )ȡYP[ -TCMȡY
%GPVTWO 1DUWIK <YKGF\CLȰE[EJ VGN

















HWPMELQPCNPQɮȦ GUVGV[MC 6YQLG \CFQYQNGPKG







9KVCO[ PC UVTQPKG ƒTO[ /'6.+0' ,GUVGɮO[ FQUVCYEȤ Y[UQMKGL
LCMQɮEK OGDNK Wʑ[VMQY[EJ MVȕTG QF\PCE\CLȤ UKȶ RQPCFRT\GEKȶVPȤ
GUVGV[MȤ QTC\ Y[LȤVMQYȤ HWPMELQPCNPQɮEKȤ 9[TQD[ RQYUVCLȤ PC
DC\KG FQDT[EJ ICVWPMQYQ OCVGTKCȕY Y[MQɛE\QP[EJ Y Y[UQMKO
UVCPFCTF\KG F\KȶMK E\GOW QF\PCE\CLȤ UKȶ QFRQTPQɮEKȤ PC F\KCCPKG
E\[PPKMȕY \GYPȶVT\P[EJ QTC\ WU\MQF\GPKC OGEJCPKE\PG




U\CHMK WDTCPKQYG $*2
U\CHMK ɮPKCFCPKQYG

U\CHMK FGRQ\[VQYG

U\CHMK PC QF\KGʑ E\[UVȤ DTWFPȤ

U\CH[ CMVQYG

U\CH[ MCTVQVGMQYG

ICDNQV[ QIQU ICDNQV[ QIQU\GPKQYG






5\CHMK FQ U\Mȕ




K RT\GFU\MQNK









$T\G\KPMC WN 5QPGE\PC
#PFT[EJȕY
KPHQNKPKC
HCZ
VGN
G OCKN DKWTQ"OGVNKPG EQO RN

YYY UMNGR OGVNKPG EQO RN

HWPMELQPCNPQɮȦ GUVGV[MC 6YQLG \CFQYQNGPKG







9KVCO[ PC UVTQPKG ƒTO[ /'6.+0' ,GUVGɮO[ FQUVCYEȤ Y[UQMKGL
LCMQɮEK OGDNK Wʑ[VMQY[EJ MVȕTG QF\PCE\CLȤ UKȶ RQPCFRT\GEKȶVPȤ
GUVGV[MȤ QTC\ Y[LȤVMQYȤ HWPMELQPCNPQɮEKȤ 9[TQD[ RQYUVCLȤ PC
DC\KG FQDT[EJ ICVWPMQYQ OCVGTKCȕY Y[MQɛE\QP[EJ Y Y[UQMKO
UVCPFCTF\KG F\KȶMK E\GOW QF\PCE\CLȤ UKȶ QFRQTPQɮEKȤ PC F\KCCPKG
E\[PPKMȕY \GYPȶVT\P[EJ QTC\ WU\MQF\GPKC OGEJCPKE\PG




U\CHMK WDTCPKQYG $*2
U\CHMK ɮPKCFCPKQYG

U\CHMK FGRQ\[VQYG

U\CHMK PC QF\KGʑ E\[UVȤ DTWFPȤ

U\CH[ CMVQYG

U\CH[ MCTVQVGMQYG

ICDNQV[ QIQU ICDNQV[ QIQU\GPKQYG






5\CHMK FQ U\Mȕ




K RT\GFU\MQNK









$T\G\KPMC WN 5QPGE\PC
#PFT[EJȕY
KPHQNKPKC
HCZ
VGN
G OCKN DKWTQ"OGVNKPG EQO RN

YYY UMNGR OGVNKPG EQO RN

HWPMELQPCNPQɮȦ GUVGV[MC 6YQLG \CFQYQNGPKG











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$T\G\KPMC WN 5QPGE\PC
#PFT[EJȕY
KPHQNKPKC
HCZ
VGN
G OCKN DKWTQ"OGVNKPG EQO RN

YYY UMNGR OGVNKPG EQO RN

HWPMELQPCNPQɮȦ GUVGV[MC 6YQLG \CFQYQNGPKG











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$T\G\KPMC WN 5QPGE\PC
#PFT[EJȕY
KPHQNKPKC
HCZ
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G OCKN DKWTQ"OGVNKPG EQO RN

YYY UMNGR OGVNKPG EQO RN