1 CHAPTER 1 Offering to Do Something SUMMARY A. DEFINITION OFFERING SOMETHING Offering something is a way for someone to offer help. In offering something, there are two kinds: 1. Formal Examples of formal words: Would you like something to drink? Would you like to disco? Would you like to come along? Could I offer you a glass of lemonade? Would you mind joining us? Shall I get you a bottle of water? Above is an example of offering something in a formal word, usually used to the older people. 2. Informal Examples of informal words: What can I get for you? Won't you have a pancake? Cheese sandwich? Chocolate? Have some? Like one? Above is an example of an informal said offering something, usually used to people the same age B. ACCEPTING AND DECLINING AN OFFERING SOMETHING 1. Accepting an Offering Something is used to receive help or offer from someone. Examples: Thank you Yes, please!
2 I'd like it Thank you, i would That would be very nice 2. Declining an Offering Something Is used to refuse assistance or offer from someone. Examples: No,thanks No, I really won't ,thank you Not for me ,thanks No thanks, I am not C. EXAMPLE OFFERING SOMETHING 1. Accepting an Offering Something A : Shall I carry your luggage to your apartment? B : Yes, please! A : Do you need help? B : Would you mind sending me those boxes, please! 2. Declining an offering something A : Is there anything I can do for you? B : Thank you, but I can finish it soon A : Well, let me know if I can be of any help B : Thanks for your kindness Sample Dialogues First dialogue Susan : Excuse me, ma'am. Could I help you copy the document? Mrs Tania : That would be great, thanks_ Second dialogue Mr. jarot : Excuse me. Can you help me? Rony : Of course, sir. What can I do for you? Mr jarot : The projector is off. Could you check the electricity circuit? Rony : Of course, sir. Third dialogue Tika : Let me help you with your bags. Sany : Thank you, Tika.
3 Practice 1 Arrange the following sentences into a good dialogue. Samuel : I am good at graphic design. I prefer doing the designing part. Samuel : Sure. I'm free on Friday. Samuel : Would you like me to help you with your new project? Samuel : I can send it to you soon. Samuel : It's OK, but I will ask others for some suggestions. Andre : Excellent! You'll be working alone on that part. Is it OK for you? Andre : We will have the first meeting next Friday. Could you join us? Andre : Alright I look forward to working with you. Enjoy your week. Andre : Please send me your personal data before the meeting so I can look at it. Andre : That would be great. Do you want to help with the designing or the mapping part? Practice 2 Select the best answer to each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E). 1. Mr Bean : Hello, Miss Smith. Would you like a cup of coffee? I'm just making some. Miss Smith : Oh, yes please, that would be lovely. Mr Bean : How do you take it? Miss Smith : With milk and sugar please. Mr Bean : Here you are. Miss Smith : Thank you. The underlined expression expresses ... A. offering something B. Offering help C. Accepting an offer D. Declining an offer E. Refusing an offer 2. Andy : Shall I carry your luggage to your apartment? Boby : Yes, please! The underlined word has similar meaning with ... A. Borrow B. Bring C. Drop D. Dodge E. Leave
4 3. Indry : The box you brought looks very heavy. ________ Putry : Sure. It’s very kind of you. Thanks. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is … A. Would you like me to help you? B. Would I like to help me? C. Would you like to help me? D. Would you like to bring it for me? E. Could you bring it for me? Read the following text to answer questions Mr Padma Persada 55A Setiabudi St. Jakarta Dear Mr Persada, I am from Fast Rent Car. We are pleased to offer our services to your company, Happy Ending Wedding Organizer. We have many special cars for rent and have established partnerships with many wedding and event organizers. This can be demonstrated by our luxurious cars which are suitable for great moments. We offer all kinds of cars for any occasion, professional drivers, custom decoration, escort cars, as well as other concerned wedding materials. We have a reputation as the best car rental and it would be our pride to provide our services to Happy Ending Wedding Organizer. For further information about our services, please visit www.fastrent.com to see cars and rates. I look forward to hearing from you about this partnership. Yours sincerely, Kim Rogers Managing Director 4. According to the letter, what service does the sender offer? A. A wedding organizer. D. Wedding parties. B. A car rental. E. Hairstyle. C. Drivers. 5. Which of the following are not offered by the company? A. Escort cars. D. Luxurious cars. B. Professional drivers. E. Car custom decoration. C. Automotive mechanics. 6. "...have established partnerships with many...." What does the underlined word refer to?
5 A. Set up. D. Tied up. B. Repaired. E. Increased. C. Elaborated. 7. Andara : Some of our friends will join the concert tomorrow. Would you like to go with me? Bella : _____ it will very interesting. I need to refresh my mind this time. A. I’d love to but I don’t think I can come B. I’m really sorry. I already have my own plan C. Well, I’m not sure D. What a great idea! E. I’m not sure Read the following text to answer questions 24 March 2022 Zainal Abidin Travel Agency "Berjaya Tour" 8850 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Tel. 778 910 Head Teacher Kebangsaan High School U8/21Serambi St. Phone 764 888 Dear Sir/Madam, I am delighted to introduce myself by way of this letter. I am Zainal Abidin, the public relations officer of Berjaya Tour. We offer promotional trips for educational institutions. The trip will include observing learning activities in school and visiting universities, research centres, and national libraries. We have plenty of experience in holding the best national and international air packages. We have built partnerships with many schools and universities, both domestic and abroad; private and public, to allow students access to travel groups that help to meet their academic targets. If you need more information, feel free to contact us for more details of our services. Yours sincerely, Zainal Abidin 8. What is the letter about? A. A letter of permission. D. An offer of educational trips. B. Complaints about bad services. E. An opinion about educational trips. C. A school recommended to be visited.
6 9. Who sent the letter? A. Kebangsaan High School. B. A student of Kebangsaan High School. C. A teacher of Kebangsaan High School. D. The head teacher of Kebangsaan High School. E. The public relations officer of Berjaya Sky Tour. 10. What can we infer from the letter? A. Berjaya Tour offers holiday trips. B. Berjaya Tour offers educational tours. C. Berjaya Tour offers free tour packages. D. Berjaya Tour offers free school registration. E. Berjaya Tour offers a visit to Kebangsaan High School. 11. Indra : The box you brought looks very heavy. ______ Ardi : Sure. It’s very kind of you. Thanks A. Would you like me to help you? B. Would I like to help me? C. Would you like to help me? D. Would you like to bring it for me? E. Would I like to bring it for me? Read the following text to answer questions 12. What does Abadi Auto Saloon offer? A. Car clean-up. D. Car services. B. Car body kit. E. Car scratches. C. A car insurance
7 13. What will happen to the car after we send it to Abadi Auto Saloon? A. It can go fast. D. It will look new B. It will be a magic car. E. It will have different paint. C. It will be comfortable to drive. 14. Man : What the matters with your computer? Women : I don’t know exactly. It just turned off by itself. Men : May help you check it? Women : Sure, Thanks What does the man offer? A. Check the woman computer B. Give the woman a new computer C. Turn the woman computer off D. Lend computer to the women E. Accompany the woman to buy computer 15. Dany : Good morning Jane, do you want an ice cream? Jane : Oh, great! ______, I'd love one. Dany : Chocolate or Strawberry? Jane : Chocolate, please. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is … A. Yes please B. No Thanks C. don’t bother D. Never mind E. Not for me The following text is for questions
8 16. What does Russell Shinny offer? A. To sell modern painting machines. D. To protect the paint of your car. B. To provide good quality paint. E. To make your house shiny. C. To provide skilful painters. 17. "Russell Shinny is well known for the best auto body paint." (paragraph 1) What does the underlined word mean? A. Major. D. Skilful. B. Famous. E. Luxurious. C. Prominent. 18. Andry : Some of our friends will join the concert tomorrow. Would you like to go with me? Sintya : _________ It will very interesting. I need to refresh my mind this time. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is … A. I’d love to but I don’t think I can come B. I’m really sorry. I already have my own plan C. Well, I’m not sure D. What a great idea! E. Not for me, thanks The following text is for questions 19. What does the advertisement offer? A. Dairy milk. D. Daily meals. B. Boring menus. E. Daily cooking. C. Hand-made food. 20. What is fast 'n Yum? A. A delivery meal catering. D. An event organizer. B. A cooking service. E. A fast food stall. C. A restaurant.
9 The following text is for questions Dear Mr Jacobs, I am a retired police officer with outstanding achievements in my years of service. My colleague has informed me that you need a volunteer security guard to protect food supplies for the flood victims. At present, I have a lot of free time, I would be happy to offer my services in the morning, five days a week. If you think I am eligible for this position, please contact me at 8962 5354. Yours faithfully, Mark Donner 21. What doe's Mark Donner offer? A. Helping flood victims. D. Emergency service. B. Security service. E. A food supplier. C. A police officer. 22. "If you think I am eligible for this position...." What does the underlined word refer to? A. Strong. D. Capable. B. Qualified. E. Energetic. C. Courageous. 23. Boy : Good morning. Mom. It’s not like you to walk school. Let me give you a Lift. Woman : Good morning. Sidiq, I have a flat tire. By the way, thank you for you offer Boy : My pleasure Woman : let’s go What is the boy going? A. He offers at live B. He promise to teach the women C. He lets the woman ride a motorcycle D. He suggests the woman ride motorcycle E. He offers help to repair the woman motorcycle
10 - - Kegiatan Belajar 2
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12 a. Evaluation 1. Instrumen Penilaian Kompetensi PengetahuanTes Tulis Instrumen I. Complete the following dialogues using appropriate expression of offering help or service Situation 1 Wira is in front of the road in the market, she sees a old lady who is bring many packages
13 Wira : Madam,.......................................................? I see that you are in heavy Woman : How kind you are. Sure, thank you Wira : Where will we put these package? Woman : In front of the Lampung Bank, the bus stop is over there Wira and the woman cross the road Woman : Thank you very much Wira : Yes ,you are well come. Situation 2 Bagas : You look so in hurry, what wrong with you? Gilang : The guests are in the road, but the food has not been prepared on the table. Bagas : Is it okay, ......................................................? Gilang : With pleasure, please bring the food from the kitchen here now Bagas : Okay, Lets go. Gilang : By the way, thank you very much Bagas : You are well come Situation 3 Thomas : Daddy, why my motorcycles toy is not running. What’s up with it? Daddy : Let me see first, bring it for me Thomas : Here you are. Daddy : Did you play it yesterday? Thomas : Yes, I did. Brother : .......................................................................? Daddy : It is not error. The batteries are low, so it must be charged now Thomas : I forgot turn off it yesterday Situation 4 Alim : The pictures have not printed, Indah image service is not opened. Hilton : When will it be completed ? Alim : Two days ago, and you know to print all needs much time at least a day Hilton :................................................................? Alim : Are you serious? Hilton : Yes, I am Alim : Thank you very much Hilton : Don’t be worry, this image service is my elder brother so it will be fixed tomorrow Situation 5 Jonathan : I cannot tell it to her Olga : Why? I think that it is not wrong
14 Jonathan : Her pictures in Jogjakarta have lost in this camera. Olga : ................................................................................. Jonathan : Can it be back? Olga : We have to try first Jonathan : Thank you very much Olga : You are well come 1. Penugasan Instrumen Create one dialogue using the expression of offering help or service and retell the story in the dialogue using your words on a piece of paper!
15 CHAPTER 2 Application Letters SUMMARY Abu Dhabi United Arab EmiratesDear Sir or Madam: I am writing to explore the possibility of employment as Document Controller in your reputable firm. I am a Computer Science graduate of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. I bring with me several years of experience as information systems analyst of leading companies that include Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc. My strong computer skills, knowledge of modern word processing software, and project management tools are but some of the things that make me an asset to your company. Attached is my resume for your perusal. Should you require any further information, I can be reached at 632-555-1234 (during regular business hours), or at 632-555-6789 (during regular business hours). Sincerely, (signed) RINI ROSYIDAH When we look for a job, the first communication with the employer might be your application letter. An application letter is very important because it gives a first impression to the employer. You will be judged on your application letter. Because the competition among other applicants is sometimes tough, you have to make your application letter outstanding. One important thing to remember is that you have to write your application letter concisely because the person reading the letter might be very. Busy In an application letter, you have to include: 1. Opening paragraph In this paragraph, you state: a. the position you are applying for; b. how you know about the organization; c. a short description of yourself. 2. Second paragraph In this paragraph, you state: a. the reason why you are interested in the position; b. how your educational background and your experience relates to the position; c. Specific qualifications that make you fit the position.
16 3. Third paragraph In this paragraph, you indicate your availability for an interview to give more information about yourself and thank the employer for her/his consideration. Parts of Application Letter 1) Your address 2) The address of the company you are writing to. Use complete title and address 3) Always make an effort to write directly to the person in charge of hiring 4) Opening paragraph 5) Middle Paragraph / Body 6) Closing signature 7) Signature Example of an Application letter with its parts January 23, 2014 George Sebastian Prosperous Company 25 Saint John Court Hatfield, CA 08065 ( Address of the company) Dear Mr. Sebastian, ( intended person) I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. (opening) As requested, I am enclosing a completed job application, my certification, my resume and three references. The opportunity presented in this listing is very interesting, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this position. The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include: I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live use. applications. I strive for continued excellence, and I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers. With a BS degree in Computer Programming, I have a full understanding of the full life cycle of a software development project. I also have experience in learning and excelling at new technologies as needed.( Body) Please see my resume for additional information on my experience. I can be reached anytime via email at [email protected] or my cell phone, 909-555-5555. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity. (Closing) Sincerely,
17 Signature (for hard copy letter) John Donaldson (Signature) Practice 1 Well students, try to complete this picture with what a profession usually does! 1. Machine 2..Medichine 3. Picture
18 Look at the letters and fill in the blanks to complete Practice 2 Select the best answer to each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E). Mr. William Chan Personenel Manager Wong and Lim Consulting PO Box 583, Kwai Chung
19 Kowloon Dear Mr. Chan, I am writing to apply for the post of Management Trainee, which was advertised on the Student Affairs Office notice board of the Hongkong Polytechnic University on 1 March 2005. My working experience at Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited improved my leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team environment. I have fluent spoken and written English. I also have fluent spoken and written Mandarin, and can therefore work in mainland China. Currently I am studying a B.A. in Management at the Hongkong Polytechnic University, graduating in 2005. Subjects which I am studying that are relevant to the post of Management Trainee include Operations Management, Human Resources Management, Accounting, Marketing and strategic Management. During my studies I have had the post of Executive in management Society. While leading and organizing Management Society. While leading and organizing Management Society activities I have improved my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively, ability to work under pressure and ability to work in a team environment. Working for Wong and Lim Consulting appeals to me because it has a good reputation and it provides excellent training. Your organization produces a high-quality service, and I can contribute to this with my leadership skills and my ability to work under pressure. I am available for interview at any time. I look forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely, Wong Wai Man Wilfred Excl : Resume 1. What is the job title? A. Consultant B. Operation management C. Human resources management D. Accounting E. Management trainee 2. What skills and personnel qualities are required? A. Leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team environment B. Fluent spoken and written Mandarin C. Have known about environment D. Hard worker E. Willing to work overtime 3. What is the name of the company or organization Wong Wai man Wilfred applying to? A. Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited B. Hong Kong Polytechnic University C. Marketing and Strategic Management
20 D. Wong and Lim Consultant E. Executive in the Management Society 4. Where does Mr. Chan live? A. In the city of China B. In the city of Hong Kong C. In the city of England D. In the city of Malaysia E. In the city of Singapore 5. Who send the letter? A. Mr. Chan B. Mr. Wong C. Mrs. Lim D. Mr. Wong Wai Man Wilfred E. Mr. Kwai Chung 6. What does Mr. Wilfred enclose the application letter? A. Address B. Job interview C. Resume D. Reputation E. Skills 7. How does Mr. Wilfred know this ad? A. From Wong and Lim Consulting B. From Student Affairs Office notice board C. From Lucky Star Garment Manufactory D. From Hong Kong Polytechnic University E. From Management Society 8. How many language does he master? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 9. What subject of study have relevant to Management Trainee?, except … A. Operations Management B. Human Resources Management C. Accounting D. Marketing and Strategic Management E. Management Society
21 10. What position does he hold when he takes his degree? A. Operations management B. Human resources Management C. Accounting D. Marketing and Strategic Management E. Management Society Parica Putri A-15 Duta Raya Blok St. Tiara Indah Surakarta 10 August 2016 Budi Piranha PT Sentosa Nugraha 56 B Ronggowarsito St. Bekasi Dear Mr Piranha I would like to apply for the positions of member of an editorial team advertised on your website on 27 July 2016. As requested, I enclose my application letter including my certificate and all the important documents required. The opportunity you offer is very interesting and I believe that my previous experience and educational background would make me a very competitive candidate for this position. With a Bachelor's degree in Communication, majoring in Journalism, I have a full understanding of organizing ideas and facts in various writing styles. I have worked as a freelance copy reader at Global Magazine. Please see my CV for additional information on my experience. I can be reached anytime via email at [email protected] or my mobile phone at 0812 345 4671. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Parica Putri 11. Where did the applicant obtain information about the job? A. On a bulletin board. D. From a network. B. On the Internet. E. In a newspaper. C. In a magazine.
22 12. What is true about the letter? A. The applicant is a journalist. B. The company needs an editor. C. The company offers less opportunity. D. The applicant used to be a newsreader. E. The applicant can work as a freelancer. 13. "I have worked as a freelance...." (paragraph 2) What does the underlined word mean? A. Earning money by having a permanent job. B. Earning money by running a company. C. Earning money by doing analyses. D. Earning money by performing. E. Earning money as a part-timer. Read the following text and answer questions Kompleks Persada 20 Kampung 200 Bekasi 19 June 2022 Personnel Director PT Batara Wisesa 16 Permata St. Bandung Dear Sir, I am writing to apply for the position of Business Counsellor, which was advertised in City Public Post on 17 June 2015. I have worked as a marketing consultant at PT Manunggal Bawana in West Jakarta for three years. I have a certificate from ACDP's institution for having been their counsellor. I have also completed my master's degree with honors at Paramitha University. I am confident that my qualifications and skills are relevant to making a significant contribution to your organization. I enclose a resume with details of my personal information. I should be very grateful if you could grant me an interview so that I can explain further my qualifications. Sincerely yours, Najla Marsa
23 14. Who is the letter addressed to? A. City Public Post. D. ACDP's Institution. B. Paramitha University E. HR director of PT Batara Wisesa. C. The staff of PT Manunggal Bawana. 15. For what position is the applicant applying? A. Businessman. D. Personnel director. B. Business consultant. E. Management trainee. C. Management consultant. 16. "...if you could grant me an interview...." (paragraph 3) What is the synonym of the underlined word? A. Give. D. Allow B. Reject. E. Permit. C. Postpone. Read the following text and answer questions Sakura Al Street Nagasaki 15 July 2022 Nagaya Karo Human Resource Manager Kina Vocational Education Training 15 Skylift Avenue Kayu Ringin Tokyo Dear Sir/Madam, I would like to apply for the teaching position advertised in The Nippon Daily. I graduated from Nagasaki University as Bachelor of Economy and planned to take the Licensure Examination for Teachers this August. I have experience in handling different levels of elementary students, and applying varied teaching strategies and techniques. I am confident that I can make significant improvement in your company. I enclose my curriculum vitae for your inspection. I would be very grateful for an interview to discuss my qualifications. Please, feel free to call me at 3310 0044 or email at [email protected]. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you for your kind attention and consideration.
24 Yours faithfully, Fujita Maeda 17. Who is the letter is addressed to A. Fujita Maeda. D. Nagaya Karo. B. The head of the school. E. Kina Vocational Education. C. Human Resource Department. 18. Why does the applicant plan to take Licensure Examination for Teacher? A. She did not major in education. B. Her campus hasn't certified vet. C. She lacks understanding in teaching. D. She has worked in the elementary school. E. She hasn't got a certificate from the university. 19. What is TRUE about the letter? A. She will be disallowed from joining the training. B. She had applied various methods in teaching. C. She had better perception in teaching. D. The writer will graduate in August. E. She used to be a trainer at school Read the following text and answer questions 13 May 2022 Traverio Amir Persada University 120 Sokaraya Timur St. Bekasi Dear Mr Amir, I am interested in applying for the grant programme for high school students with high achievement in your university. I am writing to put in an application for the scholarship as my qualifications pertain to the requisites described. I have deep enthusiasm to graduate as Bachelor of Economy from your university. I would be obliged if you would go through my application to confirm that I have had a successful school career. Herewith I enclose my curriculum vitae with all the important credentials required, I look forward to a positive response after the examination.
25 Yours sincerely, Aulia Nadira 20. What is the purpose of letter above? A. To describe the procedure to apply for a scholarship. B. To ask for information about the scholarship. C. To apply for a vacant position in university. D. To tell the applicant about the scholarship. E. To apply for a scholarship at a university. 21. What requirement does the applicant need? A. Applicants must be interested in studying Economy. B. Persada University limits the admission of the scholarship. C. The scholarship is for talented senior high school students. D. The applications should be legalized by the school's district. E. The applicant is supposed to have completed a Bachelor's degree. 22. "I have deep enthusiasm...." (paragraph 1) What is the synonym of the underlined word? A. Compliance. D. Expectation. B. Motivation. E. Eagerness. C. Readiness. Read the following text and answer questions 20 June 2022 Aditya Dewi Larasati Sempurna Foundation 2 Bunga Cempaka St. Bekasi Barat, Bekasi Dear Ms Laras, I am interested in applying for the undergraduate scholarship which is available to high school students who are entering college this summer. I believe that I am a qualified candidate for this scholarship because I have excellent marks for the last four semesters and I am the chairperson of the English Club and the Taekwondo Club at my school. I have certificates as the best keynote speaker from several competitions from vocational education.
26 Please send me the application form and other necessary information to apply for the scholarship. Thank your very much. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, A fahira 23. What is the purpose of the letter above? A. To send an application letter. B. To register with the English club. C. To inform about detailed experience. D. To confirm the scholarship information. E. To ask for information about the scholarship. 24. Who offers the undergraduate scholarship? A. Undergraduate programme. D. Sempurna Foundation. B. Vocational Education. E. A summer course. C. Aditya Dewi Larasati 25. What qualifications does the writer have? A. She is the winner of the students' taekwondo tournament. B. She achieved high scores in the last four semesters. C. She is the member of Sempurna Foundation. D. She is the founder of English Club. E. She is a professional speaker.
27 Practice 3 Here is a job vacancy appeared in a local newspaper today. Read the vacancy and consider whether you meet the qualification or not! VACANCY Apika Plaza, a reputed and well-established showroom, is seeking to fulfill job vacancy from qualified, motivated, and experienced individuals. If you think you have the confidence and the capability in you, then you are more than welcome to apply. Position: Sales Executive Qualifications: • Bachelor’s degree in any discipline • Minimum 2 years of experience in a similar position • Proficiency in both English and Indonesian • Basic computer skills • Charming personality and good interpersonal skills Chapter 4 59 Roles and Responsibilities: • Deal and negotiate with customers • Respond to customers’ queries about various products and services Interested candidates should send their CV and scanned photograph to: Apika Plaza Ltd., Jl. A. Yani 25, Sukamakmur 65126 (Attn. Mr. Feliks Diansyah, Manager) Let's apply for a job. Write an application letter to respond to the above job vacancy.
28 CHAPTER 3 Captions Texts SUMMARY A caption (cutline) is an explanation for a picture or an illustration, especially' in a magazine or newspaper. The caption complements the illustration. It gives additional information on the event portrayed in the illustrations. Captions provide readers with context and the background of the events. Captions make readers look back at the pictures. Readers reading a caption are attracted by the illustration. If the caption intrigues the readers, they will look back at the illustration to get more information on the event depicted. Therefore, captions should arouse the readers' curiosity. The parts of a caption 1. Lead It is the title of the caption. It can be a noun phrase or a clause. 2. Description It is the body of the caption. It answers what, who, where, when, and how the event in the illustration happened and gives information, which can be acquired by looking at the picture. Bear in mind that the information is not a repetition of the lead. The information is written from specific to general information or vice versa. The description can be written in one or two sentences. In a picture with many people, mention only the important figures. Language features Begin with a prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participial phrase, adjective phrase, Question, exclamation, or play on words. Don't start with articles (a, an, and, the). 1. Use the present tense to describe the action in the photo. 2. Never start the description with names. 3. The words "above" and "pictured here" are unnecessary.
29 Practice 1 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks to complete the captions. Caption 1 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- qa1G6FXB9DU/UZJlcS205mI/AAAAAAAAAJY/OH1jammRAKc/s320/Gajah_Sumatra.jpg Heart of South Africa. Kruger National Park in South Africa is the….. (1) Of elephant, the tallest of all land-living species. It (2) all nine elephant subspecies. The park is the (3)…. place for elephant for it consists of savannahs, open woodlands, and grasslands. It (4)…… 950 million (5) _______________from around the world every year has – attract – visitor – habitat - best Caption 2 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- g7BOiisFuhE/VUh6pumt82I/AAAAAAAACeI/LysbEdl4Aq0/s1600/IMG -20150501- WA0005.jpg
30 Devastating flood (1)______________________ flooding occurs on 24 April 2015. Heavy rain has made Cimanuk River (2)______________________________into settlements and farming (3) duo billions to the harvest (4) _______________ Indramayu is (5) for its corn and shallot farming failure renowned overflow lose severe Practice 2 Select the best answer for each question and mark the letter (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E). The following text is for questions 1. The caption above wants to tell that.... A. the train is for visitors who want to enjoy the holiday B. the train is a cargo train C. the train is a fast train D. the train is only for local visitors E. the train is only for foreign visitors
31 Lunar New Year. A giant dragon was shown to the public in the last Chinese New Year in Hong Kong. The city is preparing for the coming Lunar New Year. Authorities said that this year's celebration would be more spectacular than last year's. Workers are still installing thousands of lights and lanterns along the streets. The government expects this year's celebration will attract more than 5 million visitors 2. "Lunar New Year." What does the underlined word mean? A. Moon. D. Night. B. Light. E. Gold. C. Sun. 3. Why does the city prepare a more spectacular celebration? A. This year's celebration is very special. B. New lanterns are designed for the celebration. C. A bigger dragon is prepared for the celebration. D. More people are expected to come to Hong Kong. E. More people are involved in preparing the celebration. Read the following text to answer the questions! https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.eiHIBI9uHoYp4lg0TADWNwHaE6&pid=15.1 Hazardous pollution. Chimneys of coal plants in China emit smoke. It is reported that pollution emitted from coal plants is at a hazardous level. It causes respiratory problems and millions of premature deaths.
32 4. "It causes respiratory problems and millions of premature death." What does the underlined word mean? A. Reproducing. D. Breathing. B. Digestion. E. Blood. C. Sight 5. Why is pollution in China hazardous? A. It generates the coal plants. D. It generates economic growth. B. It causes health problems and death. E. Coal is very important for industries. C. Coal is the main energy source in China. Read the following text to answer the questions! http://www.greekboston.com/wp- content/uploads/2017/03/Mycenae -720x480.jpg Thriving civilization. Agua Virgo outside Rome is one of the most visited places by tourists. The aqueduct is really magnificent, even though it was built almost 2,000 years ago`. The water system displays the Romans' developed civilization which produced many innovations. 6. What is an aqueduct used for? A. Carrying water. D. Transporting things. B. Protection from floods. E. Defending against enemies. C. Connecting separate places.
33 7. "...the Romans' developed civilization." What does the underlined word mean? A. Advanced. D. Surprising. B. Sustainable. E. Fascinating. C. Complicated. The following text is for questions Gambar-Bunga-Tulip-20 Ready to harvest. A tulip farm in the province of Flevoland is ready for harvest season starting on 5 October. The beginning of fall marks the harvest time for tulips in Holland. Holland produces 4.32 billion of good quality tulip bulbs every year. Tulips are one of Holland's main exports. The Netherlands exports 1.2 billion tulip bulbs throughout the world. 8. When do farmers harvest tulip bulbs? A. At the end of fall. D. At the beginning of fall. B. At the beginning of spring. E. At the beginning of winter. C. At the beginning of summer. 9. "Tulips are one of Holland's main exports." What does the underlined word mean? A. High. C. Great. B. Various. D. Premier. E. Expensive.
34 Read the following text to answer the questions! fishing-2441742_960_720 Appealing hobby. Jerome Jacobs, the owner of Jacobs Fishing Rod Co., is spending his weekend in Spring Valley on 25 April. He has gone fishing since his teens. He finds that fishing is very appealing. His hobby inspired him to design and develop various fishing rods under the brand "The Jacobs". The brand has been very successful in the rod industry. 10. What is true about Jerome Jacobs? A. He is a fisherman. D. He is a sportsman. B. He designs fishing rods. E. He has just started loving his hobby. C. "The Jacobs" is quite new in rod industry. 11. "He finds that fishing is very appealing." What does the underlined word mean? A. Imaginative. D. Fascinating. B. Attractive. E. Assertive. C. Thriving. Read the following text to answer the questions! http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/06/13/article -2158810-13940A3F000005DC238_634x445.jpg
35 Terrible baggage service' A man is collecting his stuff which has fallen out of his baggage on 20 February. People are complaining about unprofessional airport baggage handlers in some airports. The complaints arose after a video of a baggage handler spread on the Internet. In the video, he dropped baggage from the aircraft into a luggage bin. 12. Why do people complaint the baggage handlers? A. They don't do their job professionally. B. They damage passengers' belongings C. They made a documentary film. D. They lose passengers' baggage. E. They fell from an aircraft. 13. What does a baggage handler do? A. He loads and unloads passengers' baggage. B. He helps passengers to lift their baggage. C. He takes care of passengers' baggage. D. He checks passengers' baggage. E. He scans passengers' baggage. Read the following text to answer the questions! http://3.bp.blogspot.com/- 2RJK_RlNHhc/TW1SVM0PR_I/AAAAAAAAAOc/41DDQxXcuoo/s1600/DSCF1492. JPG What a jump! Thomas Papin makes an impressire jump at Annecy Lake on 20 March. He is preparing for the 2015 National Ski Championship. He won the gold medal in slalom and jumping in the last two consecutive years. People say he is the France's rising star athlete. After the championship, he is taking part in the US Open to pursue a world title.
36 14. What is true about Thomas Papin? A. He won the National Ski Championship. B. He won the world ski championship. C. He is the best athlete in France. D. He won the US Open title. E. He is an American athlete. 15. "...in the last two consecutive years." What does the underlined word mean? A. Simultaneous. D. Continuously. B. Successive. E. Dramatic. C. Massive. Read the following text to answer the questions! http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- bRAJ9X0ms30/UbiNQal8BNI/AAAAAAAAPXI/DVKEjopkCqY/s1600/Pakai+Balon +Udara,+Google+Bangun+Jaringan+Internet.jpg Unique festival. Numerous teams from various countries are preparing to fly their balloons during Ferrara Balloons Festival on 15 September. Hundreds of teams participate in the ten-day festival outside the Renaissance Wall. The festival began in 2005. Since then, more people have come to Ferrara in September to enjoy the balloon festival. 16. How long does the festival last? A. One day. D. Five days. B. Ten days. E. Fifteen days. C. Twenty days.
37 17. What is true about Ferrara Balloons Festival? A. The festival lasts for two days. B. The festival starts from the Renaissance Wall. C. The festival was initiated in the Renaissance Era. D. The festival is only for Italian hot balloon teams. E. The festival attracts many people to come to Ferrara. Read the following text to answer the questions! http://cdn-2.tstatic.net/tribunnews/foto/bank/images/lomba -perahu-layar-difestival-nusa-penida-2015-2_20151006_200551.jpg Great Sail Race. Spain's and Holland's teams are competing against each other during the Barcelona World Race on 20 March. The race is a key event in the ocean racing calendar. The sail race has given positive and social impact on society. FNOB, the organizer, of the race, have made the Catalonian capital city the reference centre of the sport. 18. What is true about Barcelona? A. It is an oceanic city. B. It is the capital of Catalonia. C. The city was founded by FNOB. D. The first ocean race started in the city. E. The race is not beneficial to Barcelona society. 19. Why is sailing important for Barcelona? A. It has a positive impact on society. B. It hosts many sailing athletes.
38 C. It is the reference centre. D. It is situated on the sea. E. It is the base of FNOB. https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.jA5V0zr_2rmsM_ejmSChXAHaE8&pid=15.1 On Wednesday, my students and I went to Yogyakarta. We stayed at Dirgahayu hotel which is not far from Malioboro. On Thursday, we visited the temples in Prambanan. There are three big temples, the Brahmana, Syiwa and Wishnu Temples. They are really amazing. We visited only Brahmana and syiwa temples because Wisnu temple is being renovated On Friday morning, we went to Yogyakarta keraton. We spent two hours there. We were lucky because we led by a smart and friendly guide. Then we continued our journey to Borobodur. We arrived there at 4 pm. At 5 p.m we heard an announcement that Borobudur gate was closed. In the evening, we left for Jakarta by Wisata bus. 20. The text mainly discusses …. A. the writer’s trip to Yogyakarta B. the writer’s experience at Yogyakarta keraton C. the writer’s first visit to Prambanan D. the writer’s impression about Borobudur E. the writer’s impression about the guide 21. Which temple is being renovated? A. Syiwa B. Borobudur C. Wisnu D. Syiwa and wisnu E Brahma
39 22. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. the writer and the students went to Yogyakarta for having a research B. the writer went to Borobudur first and then to keraton C. the writer was very disappointed with the guide D. Malioboro is very far from Dirgahayu Hotel E. the writer left for Jakarta on Friday Read the following text to answer the questions! http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/116495331.jpg Forest are very important to keep the soil fertile and to prevent flood. The fallen leaves and decayed plants become humus which makes the soil rich and holds the rainwater. For many years, people have not been obeying the government’s regulations. They have been cutting down the trees carelessly. As a result, thousands of hectares of land have become worse and the rivers will be full of mud. In the wet season there will be erosion and floods which will destroy the farm lands and villages. 23. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A. rivers are full of mud B. erosions have caused floods C. land becomes infertile D. deforestation has caused a lot of destruction E. floods destroy villages 24. The following statement are the advantages of forests mentioned in the text, EXCEPT …. A. they keep the soil fertile B. they hold rainwater C. they prevent flood
40 D. they produce fresh air E. they produce humus 25. Humus is made from …. A. fertile soil B. a kind of artificial fertilizer C. brown leaves D. decayed plants and leaves E. the root of tree Practice 3 What is the message of the captions? 1. ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
41 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ _________________________________________________
42 4. ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
43 CHAPTER 4 News Item Texts Definition of News Item News item text is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. It means if there is an important event that should be known by many people, then this event deserves news. Well, the news text is called the news item text. However, if there are events that people do not deserve, then they are not definitely worth to be news. Generic Structure of News Item # Main Events / Newsworthy event : it recounts the event in summary form. # Elaboration / Background event(s) : they elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstance # Resource of Information (Source) : it contains comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event Purpose/social function of News Item News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important information – To inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day – To present information the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day Direct/Indirect Speech News Item Text Language Features Generic Structure Social Function
44 Language Feature of News Item ✓ Focusing on circumstances (using a simple language in writing the text) ✓ Using saying verbs: “….”, She said, informed, told, reported. ✓ Sometimes at the beginning of news, the scene is mentioned : Jakarta – … .. / Kuala Lumpur ✓ Using Past tense in explaining news events. But if it is a fact that until now still happen or still in the form of fact, then can use simple present tense. ✓ Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline ✓ Using adverbs: time, place and manner. ✓ Uses of material processes to retell the event Example of News Items Text Example of News Items Text about Death of Didi Peter Didi Petet Died Veteran actor Didi Widiatmoko, popularly known as Didi Petet, died at the age of 58 at his residence in Sasak Tinggi, Ciputat, South Tangerang, on Friday morning. Didi’s niece Muthia Kautsar said that Didi, who starred in a number of comedy and drama films in the 1980s and 1990s, collapsed and lost consciousness when attending an expo in Milan, Italy, recently. “He just arrived home on May 10 after attending the exhibition. In that city, he collapsed and lost consciousness and returned home in a wheelchair,” she said. On Tuesday, Didi was taken to Bandung for treatment. Muthia said no diseases were detected but he died on Friday. Didi’s body is laid out in his residence on Jl. Bambu Apus in Sasak Tinggi, Ciputat, South Tangerang. It has yet to be decided when and where he will be buried. Test 1 Fill in the blanks with correct verbs! Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3 Singapore to Develop Marine Tourism in Riau Islands of Indonesia Singapore has expressed its interest in developing marine tourism in Natuna, Anambas and Lingga, it was a beautiful hidden regencies in the Riau Islands province of Indonesia. According to Riau Islands deputy Governor, Soeryo Respationo, the three areas have their own beauty but lack of adequate infrastructure to boost tourism. Singapore’s investment in the tourism sector would perfectly match with the islands’ need he said recently. Soeryo said that Singapore Ambassador Anil Kumar Nayar visited the
45 Riau islands administration on Tuesday to show the country’s commitment in developing the marine tourism sector. 1. Singapore is interested in making investment in …. Answer : 2. The main idea of paragraph 2 is …. Answer : 3. Why Singapore has a big attention to the place? Answer : A survey has found about 13 percent of first-time smokers in the country are junior high school students. It also revealed 89 percent of young female employees were smokers the survey was conducted in five major cities across the country. Including Surakarta in Central Java the Indonesian anti-tabacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffective as the government refuses to sign the international convention on tobacco control. It said that cigarette producers contributed to a large amount to state revenue and gave jobs to thousands of workers. 4. The text mainly tells you about…. Answer : 5. Why does the growth of Indonesian smokers have to be concerned? Answer : 6. What are the advantages of cigarette industry? Answer : This text is for questions 7 to 10 BAGHDAD (Reuters)-Six U.S. soldiers were killed by a blast north of Baghdad on Monday. The U.S. military said on Tuesday, in one of the single deadliest ground attacks against American force in Iraq in months. Three other soldiers were wounded after an explosion went off near their vehicles in the province of Salahuddin, the military said in a statement, without giving
46 details. Salahuddinis a Sunni Arab insurgent stronghold. More than 3.170 U.S. soldiers have died in Iraq since the U.S-Ied invasion in March 2003. 7. The text talks about…. Answer : 8. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text? Answer : 9. Iraq and U.S. forces are in the third week of a security crackdown in Baghdad aimed at stemming sectarian violence. The underlined word means…. Answer : 10. Based on the text, Salahuddin is a…. Answer : Test 2 Nevada Homeless Man Might Prefer Prison over the Streets Tommy Ray McAddo might have gotten his wish after a Nevada judge sentenced him to 15 years in prison. McAdoo who is homeless was arrested in charge after bringing a steak knife to rob a bank in Reno where he made off with more than $. 2.000. In court filings McAdoo's lawyer says quote in large part Mr. McAdoo simply wanted to get out of the cold and return to prison McAdoo's entire adult life has been one of crime including five robbery convictions, assault with the intent to murder and intent to commit rape. FBI agents investigating the Nov. 9, 2016 robbery at a downtown bank found McAdoo hours later eating lunch at a nearby casino and asked him what he did for a living. McAdoo responded quote I rob banks. adapted from: Fox News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDpM296hJvY Questions 1. What did McAdoo use to rob a bank? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. How much did McAdoo get from his robbery? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. What is McAdoo's motive to rob a bank? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. How did the FBI agents arrest McAdoo? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Based on the text above, what kind of person McAdoo is?
47 Read the following text and then answer the questions Massachusetts woman says DNA tests confirm mountain lion PETERSHAM, Mass. (AP) — A Massachusetts woman whose horse was injured in June says DNA testing has confirmed that The cats are rare in Massachusetts. The state has confirmed just two reports in the past 20 years. Anne Marie Zukowski, of Petersham, tells The Telegram & Gazette her horse suffered two large gashes on its shoulder. State wildlife officials investigated and determined the horse was injured when it scraped against a gate latch, not in an animal attack. Zukowski says she collected hair and blood samples from a fence on her property and sent it to Florida for testing. The geneticist who did the tests thinks the horse may have been frightened by a mountain lion. Police say there have been no reported mountain lion sightings in town. Information from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, Mass.), http://www.telegram.com taken from: https://apnews.com/3eaa0ec4594c4c2c83d5b868610bafd4 1. What was the victim of mountain lion's attack? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. How often did the mountain lion attack people's farm? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Who found out that Zukowski's horse was attacked by mountain lion? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Why did state wildlife officials state that Zukowski's horse wasn't attacked by mountain lion?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. What is the main idea of paragraph two?
48 In this part you are going to enrich your grammar concerning the news item text What is Direct & Indirect Speech? Direct Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in his own actual words without any change. Indirect Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in our own words. Conversion of Indirect to Direct Speech 1. Use the reporting verb, "say" or "said to" in its correct tense. 2. Remove the conjunctions "that, to, if or whether etc" wherever necessary. 3. Insert quotation marks, question mark, exclamation and full stop, as per the mood of the sentence. 4. Put a comma before the statement. 5. Write the first word of the statement with capital letter. 6. Change the past tense into present tense wherever the reporting verb is in the past tense. 7. Convert the past perfect either into past tense or present perfect as found necessary. Example: a) Direct: Radha said, “I am very busy now.” b) Indirect: Radha said that she was very busy then. Here is the Process of Conversion from Direct to Indirect Speech 1. All inverted commas or quotation marks are omitted and the sentence ends with a full stop. 2. Conjunction ‘that’ is added before the indirect statement. 3. The pronoun ‘I’ is changed to ‘she’. (The Pronoun is changed in Person) 4. The verb ‘am’ is changed to ‘was’. (Present Tense is changed to Past) 5. The adverb ‘now’ is changed to ‘then’. Test 3
49 All the other tenses follow a similar change in indirect speech. Here is an example for all the main tenses: The same rule of moving the tenses one step back also applies to modal verbs. For example:
50 Let’s practice Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or a question. 1. He said, "I like this song." → He said 2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me. → She asked me 3. "I don't speak Italian," she said. → She said 4. "Say hello to Jim," they said. → They asked me 5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said. → He said 6. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said. → She told the boys 7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him. → She asked him 8. "I never make mistakes," he said. → He said 9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know. → He wanted to know 10. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience. → The stuntman advised the audience