Single White / Yellow Continuous Line
A continuous line separates traffic moving in
opposite directions.
You will fine a white / yellow continuous
line in road sections that are dangerous.
Passing or overtaking can be made but
ONLY under circumstances when there is no
oncoming traffic.
Yellow continuous line on road provided w/ a passing lane
Passing lanes are common on mountain and
mall roads
Slow moving vehicles such as buses
and heavy truck should always use the
outer lane 1
Lanes 2 is for vehicles to pass without
having to use lane 3
Vehicles using lane 3 should not use lane 2 for
overtaking.
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Double yellow line - ABSOLUTELY NO OVERTAKING
A double yellow or white line with a dotted line in between means
ABSOLUTELY NO OVERTAKING.
Overtaking here in both
directions is extremely hazardous.
Stay in your lane until you
pass the end of the solid line.
A yellow or white line with a
dotted white means that you cannot
overtake if the solid line is on your
side.
If you overtake, return to your
lane before the solid line as in car 1
Car 2 is overtaking after the
solid line. THIS IS CORRECT.
Car 3 is overtaking BEFORE he reached the end of solid line. THIS IS
WRONG
Single White / Yellow Continuous Line
On a 4 lane road when there are
slow fast lanes NEVER OVERTAKE by
passing over the solid white / yellow line.
Lanes 1 & 4 are for slow moving
vehicles. Vehicles on this lane should not
be below the minimum speed limit.
Lanes 2 & 3 are usually for faster
moving vehicles.
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Cross Walk
Crosswalk or pedestrian lane is for pedestrians to
cross.
Stop for a pedestrian on an intersection with no
traffic light
Do no stop ON a pedestrian lane or crosswalk
specially to load and unload passengers.
Pedestrian should ALWAYS cross s street on a
crosswalk.
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
They are in the forms of lines, symbols, messages or numerals
and maybe set into the surface of, applied upon, or attached
to the pavement. In some cases, pavement markings are
used as a supplement to other traffic control devices, such
as traffic signals and road signs. It simply guides traffic or
gives advance warning or may impose reactions supported
by traffic regulations.
A. LONGITUDINAL LINES
1. CENTER LINE (OR
SEPARATION LINE) –
crossing of solid white
lines requires special
care and is
discouraged.
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2. LANE LINE – changing of
lane is allowed provided
that it is safe to do so and
will not result to
obstruction.
3. BARRIER LINE DOUBLE
SOLID YELLOW LINES –
never cross to pass
another vehicle unless
permitted.
4. SINGLE SOLID YELLOW
LINE – means overtaking is
prohibited on both
directions.
5. SOLID YELOW LANE ON
LEFT OF TRAFFIC
DIRECTION – a driver must
not stop at the side of road
marked with continuous
yellow edge line.
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6. BROKEN YELLOW LINE –
means passing is
7. BROKEN AND SOLID
YELLOW LINE – overtaking
is permitted on the side of the
broken line but not on side of
solid line
8. EDGE LINE – used to outline
separate the outside edge of
the pavement from the
shoulder.
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SELF CHECK 3.1-3
Multiple Choice.
DIRECTION: For each statement below, select the best answer.
1. What are white lines on the road for?
A. Sign that you can go left or right
B. Separates traffic going in two directions
C. Separates traffic going in one direction
2. Broken yellow line on the road mean:
A. overtaking on the left side is prohibited
B. you can overtake on the right or left side if there is no danger
C. overtaking on the right side is prohibited
3. Broken white line on the road means:
A. overtaking on the left side is prohibited
B. overtaking on the right side is prohibited
C. overtaking on the left or right side is allowed if there is no danger
4. Two continuous parallel yellow lines on the road means:
A. you can overtake on the left side
B. it is dangerous to overtake
C. you can overtake on the right side
5. Broken yellow line on the road means:
A. overtaking on the left side is allowed
B. overtaking on the right side is allowed
C. overtaking on the left or right side is prohibited
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Answers Key 3.1-3
What are white lines on the road for?
1. C. Separates traffic going in one direction
Broken white lines separate traffic going in one direction.
2. Broken yellow line on the road mean:
B. you can overtake on the right or left side if there is no danger
A broken yellow line on the road is an indicator that overtaking on the
left hand side is allowed as long as it is safe to do so.
3. Broken white line on the road means:
C. overtaking on the left or right side is allowed if there is no danger
A broken white line on the road means overtaking on the left or right
side is allowed.
4. Two continuous parallel yellow lines on the road means:
B. it is dangerous to overtake
Two parallel yellow lines is an indicator that overtaking in both
directions is extremely hazardous. Stay in your lane until
you pass the end of the solid lines.
5. Broken yellow line on the road means:
A. overtaking on the left side is allowed
A broken yellow line on the road is an indicator that overtaking on the
left hand side is allowed as long as it is safe to do so.
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INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-4
Traffic Authorities and its Role
Learning Objective:
After reading this information sheet the trainees are
expected to identify the roles of traffic enforcer.
Role of Traffic Enforcers
1. To manage traffic flow
2. To assist transportation
3. To prevent road mishap
4. To maintain safety in roads
5. To serve as crime watchers
6. To serve as commuter/traveler‟s guide
Traffic enforcers
Land Transportation Office (LTO)
The LTO is the agency in
charge of the issuance of driver's
licenses and permits. It administers
the exam needed before motorists
can get behind the wheel. If a
motorist incurs a violation, the LTO
can cancel or revoke his or her
license.
The LTO is also in charge of
registering motor vehicles nationwide
and issuing vehicle license plates.
The fees collected for motor vehicle registrations include the motor vehicle
user's charge (MVUC), used by the Road Board to fund certain projects.
The LTO is also involved in the enforcement of traffic rules and
regulations, with the authority to confiscate drivers' licenses. It can also tap
personnel from other agencies to enforce traffic rules, but only those
deputized by the LTO are authorized to confiscate licenses.
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Apprehended motorists can settle their cases or contest the violations
in the LTO regional or district office specified in the temporary operator's
permit (TOP), which will be issued to the apprehended driver or operator.
Transport and Traffic Management
Transport and Traffic Management - which includes the formulation,
coordination and monitoring of policies, standards, programs and projects to
rationalize the existing transport operations, infrastructure requirements,
the use of thoroughfares; and promotion of safe and convenient movement
of persons, goods; provision for the mass transport system and the
institution of a system to regulate road users; administration and
implementation of all traffic enforcement operations, traffic engineering
services and traffic education programs, including the institution of a
single ticketing system.
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
While the MMDA is best known for its
role in managing traffic, it has a host of other
responsibilities as well. Functions under its
jurisdiction include those "which have metro-
wide impact and transcend local political
boundaries" in the capital region.
Aside from its role of transport and traffic
management – such as catching traffic violators
or clearing side streets to improve the flow of traffic – the MMDA also has functions
in solid waste disposal and management, flood control programs, health and
sanitation programs, and public safety programs, such as disaster relief operations.
MMDA traffic enforcers generally cannot confiscate a driver's license, unless
the driver was involved in a traffic accident, has accumulated 3 or more violations,
or has been apprehended for violations such as overspeeding or
counterflowing, among others.
Highway Patrol Group
General Duties
Highway patrolmen spend much of their time enforcing laws on public
highways, assisting motorists in need of help, and working with other emergency
officials to help manage and eventually clear accident scenes. They also assist local
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police forces in apprehending criminals or assisting in emergency situations.
Highway patrol officers often come into contact with dangerous situations. They are
trained to know how to spot potential danger and how to properly handle
dangerous situations.
Off Road Duties
The duties of the highway patrol go beyond just handling accidents and
assisting local law enforcement. They also help with areas that do not pertain to the
roadways. Many highway patrolmen work in court houses helping with the
processing and transfer of prisoners. They might also have to testify in court as an
official of the state. This requires remembering events that took place, reporting such
events to superiors, and keeping proper documentation.
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Self Check 3.1-4
Enumeration:
What are the agencies who are incharge of the traffic in the Philipines.
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Answer Key 3.1-4
1. LTO -Land Transfortation Office
2. LTFRB – Land Transportation and Franchising Regulatory Board
3. MMDA – Metro Manila Development Authority
4. HPG – Highway Patrol Group
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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2: Obey Traffic Rules and Regulations
CONTENTS:
1. Traffic Rules and Regulation
2. Driving Permits and other Relevant documents
3. Driving Outfit/Attire
ASSESSMENTCRITERIA:
1. Identify and follow traffic rules and regulations in accordance with
concerned traffic authorities.
2. Maintain license and registration as prescribed by law.
3. Wear driver outfit/ attire as prescribed by law.
CONDITIONS:
Tools
o Road Obstruction Devices o White polo for taxicab drivers
o Safety Belts o Shoes
o Blue polo for PUJ drivers o Long pants
Equipment
Light Vehicle
Materials/ Supplies
Sample of the following documents:
o Driving license o Franchise
o Certificate of Registration o Official receipt
METHODOLOGY:
Individualize
Discussion
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Observation
Interview
Written Examination
Demonstration of practical skills
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME #2: Obey Traffic Rules and Regulation
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. READ INFORMATION READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-1 After
SHEET 3.2-1 on Traffic reading you are encouraging to answer
Rules and Regulation the SELF CHECK on Traffic Rules and
Regulation
2. ANSWER SELF-CHECK 3.2-
1 on Traffic Rules and Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.2-1 Compare
Regulation answer with the answer key. You are
required to get all answers correct. If not,
read information again to answers all
questions correctly.
3. READ INFORMATION READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2 After
SHEET 3.2-2 on Driving reading you are encouraging to answer
Permit and Other Relevant the SELF CHECK on Driving Permit and
Documents Other Relevant Documents
4. ANSWER SELF-CHECK 3.2- Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.2-2 Compare
2 on Driving Permit and answer with the answer key. You are
Other Relevant Documents required to get all answers correct. If not,
read information again to answers all
questions correctly.
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INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-1
Traffic Rules and Regulation
Learning Objectives: After reading this information, the trainees are able
to:
1. Name the different RA governing the traffic
2. Interpret the different Laws on the traffic
3. Comprehend the laws on traffic
Introduction: Traffic laws – are the laws which govern traffic and
regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal
rules that may have developed overtime to facilitate the orderly and timely
flow of traffic.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10930
AN ACT RATIONALIZING AND STRENGTHENING THE POLICY
REGARDING DRIVER'S LICENSE BY EXTENDING THE VALIDITY
PERIOD OF DRIVERS' LICENSES, AND PENALIZING ACTS IN VIOLATION
OF ITS ISSUANCE AND APPLICATION AMENDING FOR THOSE
PURPOSES SECTION 23 OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136, AS AMENDED BY
BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 398 AND EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 1011,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC
CODE
RA 10930 amends Section 23 of the existing Land and Transportation
Code (RA 4136), allowing all drivers to extend the validity of their licenses
from three to five years. This does not, however, apply to student licenses.
The new law also provides rewards for good drivers, as those who will renew
without any outstanding violation will be granted a 10-year validity, subject
to restrictions and other policies by the LTO.
Longer validity would also mean stricter guidelines, as the law now
provides sanctions for erring government officials and drivers who try to
squeal their way into the system. A fine of Php20,000 will be imposed on an
applicant deemed to have cheated, connived with a government employee, or
falsified documents. Erring employees, on the other end, will be removed
from office.
The LTO is also tasked to issue guidelines on the new law to ensure
that only qualified drivers will be granted the extended validity.
Republic Act No. 10666
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE SAFEW OF CHILDREN ABOARD
MOTORCYCLES Otherwise known as the "Children's Safety on
Motorcycles Act of 20'15"
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Under Republic Act 10666 or Children‟s Safety on Motorcycles Act of
2015, two-wheeled motorcycle riders may not be allowed to drive a
motorcycle with a small child on board. The Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) stipulate that only children whose feet can reach the foot
peg, could wrap their arms around the driver‟s waist, and wears protective
gear such as a helmet may be allowed to ride on a motorcycle with an adult.
The law covers all public roads, including roads where there is a heavy
volume of vehicles, where there is a high-density of fast-moving vehicles, or
where the speed limit is more than 60kph. An exception applies only to
cases where a child to be transported requires immediate medical attention.
Violators will be fined PHP 3,000 on their first offense, PHP 5,000 on
their second offense, and PHP 10,000 on their third offense and suspension
of driver‟s license for a month. Beyond the third offense, violators will have
their licenses revoked.
The Department of Transportation believes that this proactive and
preventive approach will secure the safety of passengers, especially children.
The Land Transportation Office (LTO) shall be the lead implementing agency
and may deputize traffic enforcers and Local Government Units (LGUs) to
implement the law.
RA 10666 was signed on July 21, 2015 but was only implemented
now upon the aggressive push of Secretary Art Tugade.
According to the World Health Organization, in its 2015 Global Status
Report on Road Safety, 53% of reported road fatalities in the Philippines
involved motorcycle riders.
1. What is RA1066 or the Children‟s Safety on Motorcycles Act of
2015?
RA1066 or the Children‟s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015 prohibits
any person from driving a motorcycle on public roads with a
child on board.
2. When will the law be implemented?
The law will take effect on May 19, 2017 (Friday).
3. What are the roads covered by the law?
The law covers all public roads nationwide such as but not limited to
national highways, provincial roads, and municipal and
barangay streets. This also includes roads where there is a
heavy volume of vehicles, there is a high-density of fast moving
vehicles, or where a speed limit of more than 60kph is imposed.
4. What type of motorcycles are covered by the law?
This covers any two-wheeled motor vehicles having one or two riding
saddles.
5. Are all children covered by the law? What are the exemptions?
A child refers to any person below 18 years old. However, a child may
be allowed to board a motorcycle on public roads if: the child
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passenger can comfortably reach his/her feet on the standard
foot peg of the motorcycle; the child‟s arms can reach around
and grasp the waist of the motorcycle rider; and the child is
wearing a standard protective helmet or gear.
6. Are children allowed to ride in front of the rider?
Sitting in front of the rider is not allowed.
7. How about medical emergencies?
The law does not apply to cases where the child to be transported
requires immediate medical attention.
8. What are the penalties for violators?
First Offense – PHP 3,000
Second Offense – PHP 5,000
Third Offense – PHP 10,000 and one-month suspension of driver‟s
license
Violation beyond the third time – Automatic revocation of driver‟s
license
9. Who will enforce the law?
The DOTr - Land Transportation Office (LTO) is the lead implementing
agency of the Act. The LTO also has the authority to deputize
members of the PNP, MMDA, and LGUs to carry out
enforcement functions and duties.
10. Why is this law important?
This is a proactive and preventive approach to secure the safety of
child passengers. It is the policy of the State to protect children.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10586
AN ACT PENALIZING PERSONS DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE
OF ALCOHOL, DANGEROUS DRUGS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Do NOT drink and drive
The dangerous effects of drunk drunk and drugged driving, labelled
as Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) and Driving under the
influence of dangerous drugs and other similar substances (DUID) under
the new law, also known as Driving Under the Influence (DUI) in other
jurisdictions, is an open book. As noted in the explanatory note of one of the
consolidated Senate Bills, “alcohol is society‟s legal, oldest, and most
popular drug. In 2002, it was estimated that a total of 14,700 individuals in
the United States died in alcohol-related traffic crashes. This figure
comprises 41% of the 42,815 reported traffic fatalities. Here in the
Philippines, although such figures are not similarly available, it is well know
that driving under the influence of drugs of alcohol present a serious and
growing threat to the safety of the populace.”
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The policy behind Republic Act No. 10586 is to penalize the acts of
driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and other
intoxicating substances, and to inculcate the standards of safe driving and
the benefits that may be derived from it through institutional programs and
appropriate public information strategies.
To save lives, and to avoid imprisonment, do NOT drink and drive.
What is the coverage of the law?
The law covers all acts of driving and/or operating a motor vehicle
while under the influence of alcohol, and/or dangerous drugs and similar
substances. Motor vehicle refers to any land transportation vehicle propelled
by any power other than muscular power, including: (1) Trucks and buses,
which are motor vehicles with gross vehicle weight from 4501 kg and above;
and (2) Motorcycles, which are two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles and
which may include a side-car attached thereto.
Are there criminal penalties under R.A. 10586?
Yes, offenders can be imprisoned. The law, in fact, penalizes both the
DRIVER and the OWNER of the vehicle involved.
Liability of drivers
A driver found to have been driving a motor vehicle and committing
the act of DUIA or DUID shall be penalized as follows:
a. If the violation did not result in physical injuries or
homicide, the penalty of three (3) months imprisonment, and a fine
ranging from Php 20,000 Php 80,000.00 shall be imposed;
b. If the violation resulted in physical injuries, the penalty
provided in Article 263 of the Revised Penal Code or the penalty provided in
the next preceding subparagraph, whichever is higher, and a fine ranging
from Php 100,000 to Php 200,000 shall be imposed;
c. If the violation resulted in homicide, the penalty
provided in Article 249 of the Revised Penal Code and a fine ranging from
Php 300,000 to Php 500,000 shall be imposed; and
d. The non-professional driver‟s license of any person
found to have violated the law shall also be confiscated and suspended for a
period of twelve (12) months for the first conviction and perpetually revoked
for the second conviction. The professional driver‟s license shall also be
confiscated and perpetually revoked for the first conviction. The perpetual
revocation of a driver‟s license shall disqualify the person from being granted
any kind of driver‟s license thereafter.
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e. The prosecution for any violation of this law shall be
without prejudice to criminal prosecution for violation of the Revised Penal
Code, Republic Act No. 9165 and other special laws and existing local
ordinances, whenever applicable.
Direct liability of operator and/or owner
The owner and/or operator of the motor vehicle driven by the offender
(including owners and/or operators of public utility vehicles and commercial
vehicles such as delivery vans, cargo trucks, container trucks, school and
company buses, hotel transports, cars or vans for rent, taxi cabs, and the
like) shall be directly and principally held liable together with the offender
for the fine and the award against the offender for civil damages unless
he/she is able to convincingly prove that he/she has exercised extraordinary
diligence in the selection and supervision of his/her drivers in general and
the offending driver in particular.
What is DUIA?
“Driving under the influence of alcohol” or DUIA refers to the act of
operating a motor vehicle while the driver‟s BAC level has, after being
subjected to an ABA test, reached the level of intoxication, as established
jointly by the DOH, the NAPOLCOM and the DOTC, in these Rules. For this
purpose, a driver of a private motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight not
exceeding 4500 kg. a BAC of 0.05% or higher shall be conclusive proof that
said driver is driving under the influence of alcohol. For drivers of trucks,
buses, motorcycles and public utility vehicles, a BAC of more than 0.0%
shall be conclusive proof that said driver is driving under the influence of
alcohol.
What is DUID?
“Driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and other similar
substances” or DUID refers to the act of operating a motor vehicle while the
driver, after being subjected to a confirmatory test as mandated under the
law, is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug.
Who is LEO?
“LEO” refers to “Law Enforcement Officers” of the Land Transportation
Office (LTO) or authorized officer trained and deputized by the LTO to
enforce the provisions of this law.
What is the procedure for apprehension under this law?
The basic requirement for apprehension is the existence of probable
cause. In ALL cases, the burden of proof to establish the existence of
probable cause is on the LEO.
Probable cause shall mean that the LEO has reasonable ground to
believe that the person driving the motor vehicle is under the influence of
alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances upon personally
witnessing a traffic offense committed by means of lane straddling, making
sudden stops, overspeeding, swerving or weaving in such an apparent way
as to indicate that the driver is under the influence of alcohol, dangerous
drugs and/or other similar substances.
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In the course of apprehension for another traffic offense, the evident
smell of alcohol in a driver‟s breath, generally slurred speech in response to
questioning, bloodshot or reddish eyes, flushed face, poor coordination,
difficulty in understanding and responding intelligently to questions shall
also constitute probable cause.
What is the procedure in screening for DUIA?
Screening for driving under the influence of alcohol or DUIA is done
under the following procedure:
1. Upon personal determination of probable cause, a deputized LEO
shall flag down the motor vehicle, direct the driver to step out of the vehicle
and determine whether or not the driver is drunk or drugged. If the LEO has
reasonable grounds to believe that the driver is drunk, the LEO shall
expressly inform the driver of his assessment and the driver shall be
directed to perform the entire three (3) above enumerated field sobriety test
on site.
2. The LEO shall record the driver‟s responses to the field sobriety
tests above enumerated, which record shall form part of the records of the
case.
3. If the driver passes all of the three (3) field sobriety tests, the driver
shall be apprehended for the other traffic offense only and not for violation
of this law.
4. If the driver fails any of the field sobriety tests, the LEO shall
proceed to determine the driver‟s BAC level, through the use of the ABA, on
site.
5. A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory
testing as required shall be penalized by the confiscation and automatic
revocation of his/her driver‟s license, in addition to other penalties provided
herein and/or other pertinent law, after compliance with the requirement of
due process.
6. A driver who, after ABA testing, registers a BAC higher than the
prescribed limit shall be put under arrest and the motor vehicle impounded.
The LEO shall observe the proper procedure in effecting the arrest and
bringing the driver to the nearest police station for detention. The motor
vehicle shall also be brought to the nearest LTO impounding area until the
same is claimed by an authorized representative of its registered owner.
7. In case of a BAC within the allowed limit, the driver shall be
apprehended for the other traffic offense only and not for violation of this
law.
8. Under no circumstance shall a driver, who has undergone and
passed the field sobriety test and/or ABA test, be subjected to drug
screening test afterwards.
9. The LEO shall accomplish the following preparatory to the turnover
of the case to the police officer-on-duty of the nearest police station:
i. A complaint/charge sheet;
ii. Results of the field sobriety tests/ABA test in the
prescribed format;
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iii. Inventory of items under temporary custody (to include
motor vehicle when necessary); and
iv. Other pertinent documents.
What are the Field Sobriety Tests?
There are three Field Sobriety Tests, which are standardized tests to
initially assess and determine intoxication, namely: the eye test (horizontal
gaze nystagmus), the walk-and-turn and the one-leg stand.
1. The Eye Test (“horizontal gaze nystagmus”) refers
to?horizontal or lateral jerking of the driver‟s eyes as he or she
gazessideways following a moving object such as a pen or the tip of a
penlight held by the LEO from a distance of about one (1) foot away from the
face of the driver.
2. The Walk-and-Turn Test requires the driver to walk
heel-to-toe along a straight line for nine (9) steps, turn at the end and return
to the point of origin without any difficulty.
3. The One-Leg Stand Test requires the driver to stand
on either right or left leg with both arms on the side. The driver is instructed
to keep the foot raised about six (6) inches off the ground for thirty (30)
seconds.
The LTO is required to publish the guidelines and procedures
for the proper conduct of field sobriety tests, which guidelines shall be made
available to the public and made available for download through the official
LTO website. These are the same guidelines to be used in training the LEOs.
What is the procedure in screening for DUID?
If probably cause exists, the LEO shall follow the following procedure
to screen for driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and other
similar substances (DUID):
1. Upon personal determination of probable cause, a deputized LEO
shall flag down the motor vehicle, direct the driver to step out of the vehicle
anddetermine whether or not the driver is drunk or drugged. If the LEO has
reasonable grounds to believe that the driver is drugged, the LEO shall
expressly inform the driver of his assessment and shall bring the driver to
the nearest police station.
2. At the police station, the driver shall be subjected to a drug
screening test, in accordance with existing operational rules and
procedures, and if positive, a drug confirmatory test under Republic Act No.
9165.
3. Under no circumstance shall a driver, who has undergone and
passed the drug, be subjected to field sobriety test and/or ABA test
afterwards.
4. After a positive confirmation, the LEO shall accomplish the
following preparatory to the turnover of the case to the police officer-on-duty
of the nearest police station:
i. Results of the conduct of the DRP in the prescribed
format;
ii. Inventory of items under temporary custody (to include
motor vehicle when necessary); and
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iii. Other pertinent documents.
5. Without positive confirmation, the driver shall be apprehended for the
other traffic offense only and not for violation of this law.
What happens to the Driver’s License of those apprehended under
the law?
All driver‟s licenses confiscated under these rules shall be turned over
to LTO for safekeeping and shall be released by LTO only after final
disposition or lawful order of the courts.
When is alcohol and drug testing mandatory?
A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a vehicular accident resulting in
the loss of human life or physical injuries shall be subjected to on site field
sobriety test and ABA testing, whenever practicable, and, thereafter
chemical tests, including a drug screening test and, if necessary, a drug
confirmatory test as mandated under Republic Act No. 9165, to determine
the presence and/or concentration of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or
similar substances in the bloodstream orbody. A LEO may use other alcohol
testing equipment, such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
(GCMS), whenever the use of an ABA is not practicable under prevailing
circumstances.
A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory
testing as required shall be penalized by the confiscation and automatic
revocation of his or her driver‟s license, in addition to other penalties
provided herein and/or other pertinent laws.
Can the LTO conduct RANDOM drug testing?
Yes, but only for drivers of PUVs. The LTO shall conduct random
terminal inspections and quick random drug tests of public utility drivers. A
driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo quick random drug tests as
required shall be penalized by the confiscation and automatic revocation of
his or her driver‟s license, in addition to other penalties provided herein
and/or other pertinent laws.
Can any traffic enforcer be a LEO?
No. LEOs must possess the required qualifications and undergo the
requisite deputation procedures. The LTO may deputize only active members
of the PNP, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and
LGUs, who are occupying permanent position items and whose present work
assignments are directly and actually related to traffic management and
control. LTO enforcement officers, by virtue of their functions, need not be
deputized to enforce and implement these rules. However, said LTO
enforcers shall be subject to the same reportorial and procedural guidelines
set forth herein. LEOs with previous deputations revoked for any reason
whatsoever shall not be qualified for further deputation.
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A deputation order shall be valid for six (6) months from date of
issue and may be renewed every six (6) months thereafter unless earlier
recalled by the LTO Assistant Secretary. The LTO shall maintain and update
the list of deputized LEOs and other records such as information sheet of
deputies, deputation orders, ID‟s, TOP booklets and other relevant
documents.
What is the procedure to be observed by LEOs for deputation?
All LEOs must: (a) submit, prior to deputation, certain requirements
to the LTO; (b) undergo Deputies Training Seminar that includes
required subject areas; and (c) pass the written and other examinations to
be administered by the LTO. The requirements to be submitted by LEOs to
the LTO include the information sheet duly indorsed by the Head of
Office/agency, a certified true copy of the Certificate of Appointment, a
certification from the recommending government agency that the LEO has
no record of or pending administrative or criminal cases, and valid drug test
results taken within the past six months prior to application.
What are the liabilities of deputized LEOs?
Any deputized LEO shall be held liable under the following:
1. Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly any gift, gratuity,
favour, entertainment, loan or anything of monetary value from any person
in the course of his or her official duties or in connection with any operation
being regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the
functions of his or her office under this law.
2. Republic Act No. 6713 otherwise known as the “Code of Conduct
and Ethical Standards for Public Officials” and Employees, Republic Act No.
3019 otherwise known as the “Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act”,
Republic Act No. 9485 otherwise known as “Anti-Red Tape Act” and other
applicable laws.
What are the grounds for revocation of the deputation order?
The revocation of a LEO deputation may be initiated by a verified
complaint, filed directly before LTO which shall conduct the investigation of
the complaint. Pending the resolution of the complaint, the LTO Assistant
Secretary may order the suspension of the deputation to preclude any
incident of harassment of the complainant. A Show Cause Order shall be
issued against the deputized LEO to answer the charges against
him/her. The LTO Assistant Secretary may suspend or revoke any
deputation order at any time for any reason whatsoever.
Any of the following causes shall constitute sufficient ground for the
revocation of the deputation: (1) Discourteous conduct; (2) Extortion;
(3) Negligence; (4) Insubordination; (5) Misconduct; (6) Abuse of authority;
(7) Incompetence and inefficiency; (8) Corruption; (9) Failure to submit
apprehension report within 24 hours from date and time of apprehension;
(10) Any offense involving moral turpitude; (11) Separation from government
service; (12) Dishonesty; (13) Death; (14) Withdrawal of endorsement by
Head of Agency who endorsed the request for deputation; (15) Use of
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dangerous drugs and other similar substances before and during the period
of deputation; (16) Intoxication while in the performance of duty; and
(17) Other causes similar to and analogous to the foregoing.
DEPARTMENT ORDER NO.2018-008: GUIDELINES ON THE
ACCREDITATION OF SPEED LIMITER INSTALLERS AND TESTING
FACILITIES PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10916, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE ROAD SPEED LIMITER ACT OF 2016
Equipment for installation of speed limiters;
j. Liability Insurance;
k. Certified true copy of Mayor's Permit;
I. List of all equipment, including manual and reference materials
required for the calibrations and tests, manual of the test procedures and
personnel;
m. Procedure for handling complaints;
n. Location map and layout of the facility; and
o. Picture of the establishment
4.3. The DTI, after thorough evaluation, shall then issue the necessary
accreditation documents to the person, establishment, or institution. For
this purpose, the DTI may seek clarification from the Applicant on the form
and contents of their submitted documents. It may also make inquiries 4
with any person, government authority, client organization, officer, director,
employee or other agent of any applicant or affiliate of any of these entities
for the purpose of clarifying any matter included in the submitted
documents.
5. ACCREDITATION OF TESTING FACILITIES
5.1. Only testing facilities which conform to PNS UNR 89:2016, Annex
5: Tests and Performance Requirements shall be permitted to test speed
limiters on covered vehicles.
5.2. The testing facilities shall submit the following minimum
requirements to the DTI for accreditation:
a. For Sole Proprietorships, Certificate of Business Name Registration
from DTI;
b. For corporations/partnerships, Securities and Exchange
Commission Certificate of Registration, Articles of Incorporation/Partnership
and By-Laws, and Board Resolution certified by the Corporate Secretary,
specifying the name of the authorized representative who must be an officer
of the corporation/partnership;
c. For Cooperatives, Cooperative Development Authority Certificate
and By-Laws, and Board Resolution, certified by the Cooperative Secretary,
specifying the name of the authorized representative who must be an officer
of the cooperative;
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d. Bureau of lnternal Revenue (BIR) Registration and Tax
Identification Number;
e. SSS Membership Certificate;
f. Audited Financial Statement for the last two (2) years or a Pre-
Operating Financial Statement, whichever is applicable, showing that the
owner-applicant shall be of financial capacity to operate for at least one (1)
year;
g. List of personnel involved in the operations of the facility with their
job descriptions, responsibilities, and qualifications including at least three
(3) technicians with valid Certificates of Competency from the testing
machine manufacturer to operate the testing machine and conduct other
testing procedures;
h. Proof that the procedure for testing complies with PNS UNR
89:2016, Annex 5: Tests and Performance Requirements or equivalent
internationally recognized standard;
i. List of all equipment, including manual and reference materials
required for the device testing;
j. Liability Insurance;
k. Certified true copy of Mayor's Permit;
I. · Procedure for handling complaints;
m. Location map and layout of the facility; and
n. Picture of the testing facility
5.3. The DTI, after thorough evaluation, shall then issue the necessary
accreditation documents to the person, establishment, or institution. For
this purpose, the DTI may seek clarification from the Applicant on the form
and contents of their submitted documents. It may also make inquiries with
any person, government authority, client organization, officer, director,
employee or other agent of any applicant or affiliate of any of these entities
for the purpose of clarifying any matter included in the submitted
documents.
REPUBLIC ACT NO.10916 –
AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY INSTALLATION OF SPEED
LIMITER IN PUBLIC UTILITY AND CERTAIN TYPES OF VEHICLES
The importance of Speed
Limiter
SPEED Kills! That‟s a fact, it
took a spate of deadly road incidents
that claimed the lives of people for
our beloved legislators to pass a law
that now mandates trucks, buses and
public-utility vehicles (PUVs) to have
a speed limiter.
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Republic Act (RA) 10916, or more popularly known as the Road Speed
Limiter Act of 2016, now requires all public-utility vehicles, such as closed
vans, tanker trucks, cargo vehicles, and shuttle services like the UV Express
Vans, including taxicabs and jeepneys, to have a system that will limit the
speed of the aforementioned vehicles. Its sole purpose is to secure the safety
of the passengers and, most important, the public in general in our roads
and highways.
But it seems the public who has clamored for this important piece of
legislation has to wait a little bit longer, next year to be exact, for its full
implementation as the resolution has yet to be signed by Metro Manila
mayors. Oddly enough, these are the same officials who approved the
enforcement of the speed limiter act last year.
However, despite the lackadaisical approach in its implementation
both the Land Transportation Office and the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority predicts that with the enforcement of RA 10916 early
next year, there will be a big drop in the number of accidents involving
speeding trucks and buses.
Speed limiters are devices used to control the top speed of a vehicle.
This is done via installation of a mechanical or electronic communications
system. A prime example of a speed limiter device is Autokontrol, distributed
by Pioneer Trucks and Equipment in the country.
When fully enforced, it will limit the speed of trucks and passenger
vehicles to just 50 kph down from 60 kph in all major thoroughfares here in
Metro Manila, such as Edsa, Commonwealth Avenue, Roxas Boulevard, CP
Garcia, Quirino Avenue, Taft, South Luzon Expressway, Shaw Boulevard,
Ortigas Avenue, Magsaysay, Rizal, A. Bonifacio Avenue and McArthur and
Marcos highways.
Vehicles that are covered by the Road Speed Limiter Act will not be
allowed to renew their registration if they will not comply with the
installation of speed limiter device.
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RA 10913 or the Anti-Distracted Driving Act
1. What is RA 10913 or the Anti-Distracted Driving Act?
RA 10913 or the Anti-Distracted Driving Act (ADDA) is a law that
prohibits a person who is driving a motor vehicle from holding and using
mobile communication devices and electronic entertainment gadgets. The
prohibition applies while the motor vehicle is in motion or temporarily
stopped on a traffic light or an intersection.
2. What vehicles are covered by this Act?
This law covers both public and private vehicles. It also covers
wheeled agricultural machineries, construction equipment, and other forms
of conveyances such as bicycles, pedicabs, trolleys, "habal-habal",
"kuligligs", wagons, carriages, and carts that may either be human-powered
or pulled by an animal as long as the same are operated or driven in public
thoroughfares, highways or streets.
3. What does this law prohibit?
Prohibited acts made while driving include but not limited to:
• Making or receiving calls
• Writing, sending or reading text-based communications
• Playing games
• Watching movies
• Performing calculations
• Reading e-books
• Composing messages
• Surfing or browsing the internet
4. Can a driver use his cellphone when he is stuck in traffic?
No. Even if a driver is stuck in traffic, as long as he is behind the
wheel, he is still not allowed to hold and use his cellphone and/or gadget to
make or receive calls; write, send or read text-based communications; play
games; watch movies; perform calculations; read e-books; compose
messages; surf or browse the internet; or other similar acts.
5. What are the actions exempted from this law?
Motorists are allowed to make or take emergency calls to authorities
in cases of a crime, accidents, bomb or terrorist threat, fire or explosion,
instances needing immediate medical attention, or when personal safety and
security is compromised.
6. Can we use the hands-free function of our mobile
communications device to make or receive calls?
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Yes. Using the aid of a hands-free function such as speaker phones,
earphones, Microphones or other similar device, which will allow a person to
make and receive calls without holding his mobile communications device,
is allowed.
However, using earphones to listen to music, or for other
entertainment purposes, falls under "similar acts" in Section 4(b) of the law.
7. Where can we mount our cellphones or GPS device?
GPS or cellphones may be placed or mounted below, at the same level,
or on-top of the dashboard, and even on the windshield, as long as the
highest point of the device is not higher than four (4) inches from the
dashboard.
In the case of navigational apps, motorists are advised to set their
destination prior to their departure. In cases when motorists need to find
alternate routes while in traffic, they are advised to first pull their vehicles
aside.
8. How about the use of dashcams? ls this covered by ADDA?
The use of dashcams is not covered by ADDA. To date, there is no
legislation regulating the use of dashcams. However, for safety purposes,
drivers are encouraged to mount their dashcams at the back of the rearview
mirror.
9. Are we allowed to mount our cellphones on our motorcycles?
Yes, mounting of cellphones in handle bars or other parts of
motorcycles is allowed, since this does not interfere with the driver's line of
vision.
10. Does ADDA prohibit the mounting of other accessories in a
vehicle's dashboard? How about engaging in other "distracting activities"?
Are these covered by the ADDA?
No. ADDA only covers the use of mobile communications devices and
other electronic entertainment gadgets while vehicles are in motion or
temporarily stopped on a traffic light or an intersection. It does NOT cover
other accessories which may be found on your dashboard such as rosaries,
tachometers, figurines, dashboard toys, crucifix, stickers, among others.
Likewise, it does not cover activities such as putting make-up, drinking
coffee, and other similar acts.
11. Who are authorized to apprehend violating motorists?
The DOTr - Land Transportation Office (LTO), PNP-HPG, MMDA, and
LGUs authorized to apprehend violators of the ADDA.
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12. How will we know if drivers of private vehicles with heavily-
tinted windshields are violating the law?
Aside from high-definition cameras that can monitor lights from
devices inside heavily-tinted vehicles, the law will also be strictly enforced by
enforcers on the ground who are trained to determine from the movement of
the vehicle whether or not a driver commits distracted driving. A
Memorandum Circular setting specifications on the regulation of tints shall
also be released by LTO soon.
13. What are the penalties?
Violators will be penalized with a fine of five thousand pesos (Php5,
000) for the first offense, ten thousand pesos ((Php10, 000)) for the second
offense, and fifteen thousand pesos ((Php15, 000)) for the third offense with
a three-month suspension of driver's license.
Violations incurred beyond the third offense shall be penalized with
the revocation of driver's license and a fine of twenty thousand pesos
(Php20, 000).
14. Are operators of Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) also liable for
violations made by drivers?
Yes. Operators and owners of Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) shall be
held liable for the violations committed by their drivers.
15. Where to settle my violation?
Violators who were apprehended by LTO and/or PNP-HPG enforcers
may settle their violations in the nearest LTO Office covering the area where
they were apprehended.
Violators apprehended by MMDA enforcers may either settle their
violations thru selected Bayad Center within 7 days after they were issued a
ticket. Violators may also pay their fines at the MMDA main office in
Guadalupe, Makati City.
16. How about cyclists or those driving vehicles/machines that do not
require licenses? How will they be apprehended?
Motorists who were caught violating the ADDA while riding a bicycle
or wheeled agricultural machineries, construction equipment, and other
forms of conveyances such as bicycles, pedicabs, trolleys, "habal-habal",
"kuligligs", wagons, carriages, and carts that may either be human-powered
or pulled by an animal, will still be apprehended, issued a ticket, and
escorted up to the nearest authorized payment
center to settle his violation.
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However, if the driver does not have cash to pay for the fine, enforcers
will have the authority to take the motorist's vehicle for safekeeping within a
period of six (6)
months until the violator finally presents a receipt as proof of his payment of
the fine.
Should the violator fail to settle his violation within six (6) months, the
LTO shall have the authority to sell the impounded vehicle in favor of the
government.
JOINT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO.2011-01 - RULES AND
REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT
NO.10054, ENTITLED "AN ACT MANDATING ALL MOTORCYCLE RIDERS
TO WEAR STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS WHILE
DRIVING AND PROVIDING PENALTIES
All motorcycle riders, including drivers and back riders, are required
to wear standard protective motorcycle helmets at all times while driving,
whether long or short drives, in any type of road and highway. Standard
protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of helmets for
motorcycle riders that comply with the specifications issued by the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
Any person caught not wearing the standard protective motorcycle
helmet will be punished with a fine of P1,500.00 for the first offense, P
3,000.00 for the second offense, P 5,000.00 for the third offense, and P
10,000.00 plus confiscation of the driver‟s license for the fourth and
succeeding offenses.
Tricycle drivers are exempted from complying with the mandatory
wearing of motorcycle helmets.
Every seller and/or dealer should make available, every time a new
motorcycle unit is purchased, a new motorcycle helmet that bears the
Philippine Standard (PS) mark or Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) of the
Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) and complies with the standards set by
the BPS, which the purchaser may buy at his option. Any seller and/or
dealer who violates this requirement will be punished with a fine of not less
than P 10,000.00 but not more than P 20,000.00.
All manufacturers and importers of standard protective motorcycle
helmets are required to secure a PS license or ICC prior to the sale and
distribution of their products. Upon the effectivity of R.A. 10054, only those
standard protective motorcycle helmets bearing the PS or ICC mark shall be
sold in the market.
The DTI, through the BPS, shall conduct a mandatory testing of all
manufactured and imported motorcycle helmets in the Philippines. The BPS
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shall periodically issue a list of motorcycle helmet manufacturers and
importers and the brands which pass the standards of the BPS, to be
published in a newspaper of general circulation or in its website.
Any person who uses, sells and distributes substandard motorcycle
helmets or those which do not bear the PS mark or the ICC certificate will be
punished with a fine of not less than P 3,000.00 for the first offense, and P
5,000.00 for the second offense, without prejudice to other penalties
under Republic Act No. 7394 or the “Consumer Act of the Philippines.”
Tampering, alteration, forgery and imitation of the PS mark and the
ICC certificates in the helmets will be punished with a fine of not less than
P10,000.00 but not more than P20,000.00, without prejudice to other
penalties imposed in Republic Act No. 7394 or the “Consumer Act of the
Philippines.”
REPUBLIC ACT NO.8794 - AN ACT IMPOSING A MOTOR VEHICLE
USER'S CHARGE ON OWNERS OF ALL TYPES OF MOTOR VEHICLES
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Salient Features of the Philippine Clean Air Act (RA 8749) and
Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275) in regard with Mining of Metallic
and Non-metallic Minerals
I worked in the Mines and Geosciences Bureau Regional
Office 10 for sometime and during my stay in the Bureau
as technical and administrative assistant, I learned a lot
of things especially when there are seminars. Today, I am
going to share with you some of the important things that
I learne during the Multipartite Monitoring Team [MMT]
Seminar for different nonmetallic mining companies and
members of the local government units in Region X, or
also known as Northern Mindanao.
Image
Source: https://www.mindom
o.com/mindmap/endanger-
By the way, the mandate of EMB as a line bureau species-
of Department of Environment and Natural Resources 7ef8ee8162af47738323d22f89
f2594f
[DENR]is molded by different laws that had been ratified by the present and
the past administrations. Here are the following legal basis/ RAs that has
been the basis of the actions taken by this Bureau:
Presidential Decree 1586 or the Environmental Impact Statement
System
Republic Act 6969 or the Toxic Substanes and Hazardous and Nuclear
Waste Control Act of 1990
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Republic Act 8749 or the Clean Air Act of
1999
Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000
Republic Act 9275 or the Philippine Clean
Water Act of 2004
Republic Act 9512 or the Environmental
Awareness and Education Act of 2008
It also adheres the international laws Source: https://ecochiccayman.
that has been ratified by through treaties. com/2015/04/23/inspiring-kids-to-help-
There are the following treaties: such
protect-the-environment/
as Vienna Convention for the Protection of
Ozone Layer , Montreal Protocol on the Protection of the Ozone
Layer , United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto
Protocol , Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutant , Basel
Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous
Wastes and their Disposal, and a lot more .
Image Basically, its core function is to protect the environment by means of
IECs (information, education, and communication), conduct thorough
studies on problems being faced and will be faced by the communities,
provide data that will be crucial for implementing penalties to violators, and
a lot more.
Now too much of the bylaws and mandates, let us proceed with that
learnings that you can also share to others.
What is air pollution
Air pollution alrers the physical, Image Source: http://www.ppsthane.com/blog/how-to-reduce-
chemical, and ecological properties of the particulate-matter
atmosphere. According to Eurostat , it
poses harm to the human health and to the
environment. Some of the chemicals (such
as Nitrogen dioxide) and particulate matter
pollution pose a serious health risk. Other
examples are Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
dioxide, and some suspended particles.
N2+ 02 > 2NO, at very high Image Source: https://airmega.com/1975-2/
temperature, nitrogen reacts with oxygen
producing Nitric oxide. 2NO2 will become
more deadly. When it reacts to water, it
results to Nitric acid. And when it reacts to
sunlight, it creates photochemical smog.
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What are particulate matters?
Particulate matters are solid, gaseous, and liquid pollutants. Carbon
Monoxide for example is a product of incomplete combustion of fuel
containing carbon. It is toxic, colorless, and tasteless invisible gas that is
able to harm a human being when exposed too much of it.
Responsibility of the Local Government Unit in terms of
Environmental Problems
They must bare in mind that
polluters must pay.
They are tasked of cleaning the
habitat and the environment and it should
be the concern of the community.
The Local Government Unit is Image Source: https://www.spectrumhealth.org/about-
also accountable of short-term and long us/corporate-social-responsibility
term impacts.
Section IV of the Republic Act: Recognition of Rights
The citizens have the right to know the mechanism of the
company operating in their community;
The Pollution Control Officer [PCO] must have the
complete information of the company in regard with environment and
health for the sake of accountability;
One can sue the proponent (company) or demand for
compensation of personal damages resulting from adverse impact.
Regardless of the fact that the operating company is paying the
government through fees and taxes, in times of disputes caused by adverse
effects of the plant operation, the law will always take side on the
environment.
For the Multipartite Monitoring Team (which is mainly composed by a
technical staff from EMB, MGB, Local Government Unit, and a
representative from the company), checking on the stock sampling should
be made by a third party.
Prohibited Acts
Herein are the prohibited acts for the mining company. Violation on
one of these may lead to penalties or cancellation of permits in worst case
scenarios.
A.Emmission of Fugitive Particulates
B. Noise that the plant creates should also be minimized. It has been noted
that planting of trees reduces the amount of noise.
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C. Prohibition/ Standard Incineration
D. Citizen's suit- A member of the community whose health and welfare had
been compromised can file a lawsuit against the company. If proven, the
company will pay for the damages, but if not, the person shall be held to pay
for the damages it made. (For a detailed list of penal provisions, please
check Section 47 for the penal features)
Philippine Clean Water Act (RA
9275)
The Philippines is composed of Image Source: http://www.energyrecovery.com/water/
different bodies of water. There are 18
major river basins, 296 principal lakes,
groundwaters, and marine waters. Out of
421 rivers, 50 were polluted and 40 are
declared and considered biologically dead.
What is water pollution by the way?
It is the presence of materials in water (meaning any substance)
whether solid, liquid, gaseous, and radioactive that has direct or indirect
effects to the environment. It alters the quality of any segment of the
receiving water body. When water is treated, the product is called effluent.
To ensure more on the preservation of good water quality, RA 9275
ensured a fund for the restoration of waterways. It is called the National
Water Quality Management Fund that would be taken from the penalties
and permit fees. Although there are companies that has zero discharge of
water pollution, there are required to secure a permit because one can be a
potential source of water pollution. It was emphasized that the permit shall
be displayed somewhere visible and accessible on the facility.
To further discuss about water Image Source: http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/Color-Colored-Water-Still-
pollution, Assistant Regional Director Life-Bottles-838336
Ester A. Olavides discussed about the
significant water and quality
parameters. Some of the parameters
used are pH, color, TSS, nitrates/
nitrites, fecal coliform bacteria, and
DO. The methods of analysis used
by technical experts are Gravimetric
method , Glass Electrode Method ,
and use of mercury filled
thermometer which is the most
common.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 84
Asst. Prof II
One way to determine pollution is through color . Colors may result from
the presence of natural metallic ions, humus and peat materials, plankton
and weeds, and industrial wasters.
a. True Color- term used on which the turbidity has been removed
b. Apparent Color- term used for the original sample without using of
filtration or centrifugation.
Chemical Oxygen Demands is the measure of oxygen equivalent of
organize matters content of a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a
strong chemical oxidant is an acidic medium. Meanwhile, the existence ofoil
and grease can clog sewers. For companies, it is a violation when oil spillage
occurs. Oil should be stored in an area that is cemented.
These are the current situation that
contributed to water pollution:
1. lack of sewerage system
2. open defacation on both rural
and urban areas
3. poorly designed septic tanks
4. indiscriminate dumping Image source: https://www.rappler.com/nation/41050-
sewage-problem-denr
In a news report written by Rappler in 2013, 55 die daily in the
Philippines because of lack of sewerage.
To counter these problems, the government implemented the Water
Quality Management Approaches which involves voluntary, accountability,
and public participation.
One of the proposed measure is Waste Segregation .It is the
separation of biodegradable waste from non biodegradable waste. If waste
has not been properly segregated, it will likely lead to mixing in and could
result to the existence of methane gas which is dangerous. The problem with
this is that no matter how well the households segregated the wastes, it will
all be dumped together by the garbage collectors. The second proposed
measure is Waste Minimization . This will surely involve the 3Rs which is
reuse, repair, and recycle. The last measure is the creation of Waste
Treatment Facility.
Republic Act No. 8750: AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY
COMPLIANCE BY MOTORISTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VEHICLES TO
USE SEAT BELT DEVICES, AND REQUIRING VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS
TO INSTALL SEAT BELT DEVICES IN ALL THEIR MANUFACTURED
VEHICLES. The Act is also known as the "Seat Belts Use Act of 1999."
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 85
Asst. Prof II
1. Republic Act 8750: Seat belt use Act of 1999
The Republic Act No. 8750 known as the Seat Belts Use of Act states
that the driver and passengers (both rear and front passengers) of private
and public vehicles are required to use and wear their seat belts every time
they're inside a car with the running engine on any street, road, and
highway.
This leaves the drivers and
passengers with no valid excuse as to why
they aren't using their respective seatbelt
while driving.
The purpose of the Seat Belt Law
in the Philippines is to reduce the Both drivers and passenger are required
chances of deaths and injuries from road to wear a seatbelt while driving
crashes. This law also bans children six
years and younger from occupying the
front seat of any vehicle with a running engine even if the child is wearing a
seatbelt as stated in Section 5.
2. R.A 8750 Seat Belt Law: Effectivity & Mandatory Use of Act
“An Act Requiring the Mandatory Compliance by Motorists of Private
and Public Vehicles to Use Seat Belt Devices, and Requiring Vehicle
Manufacturers to Install Seat Belt Devices in all Their Manufactured
Vehicles” is the full title of the Republic Act No. 8750.
The R.A 8750 Seat Belt Law was
approved on August 5, 1999, and effective
nationwide starting May 1, 2000. Stated in
Section 6 of the said Act, the coverage
includes drivers and front-seat passengers of
private and public vehicles and all other
mother vehicles determined by the internal
rules and regulations (IRR) thereon.
This law also bans children six
As emphasized in Section 4, The years and younger from
Mandatory Use of Seat Belts is for the driver occupying the front seat of any
and passenger‟s safety. Both private and public
motor vehicvleeshicalere required
to use and wear their safety seat belt devices every time they are inside a
car in any streets, road, and highways.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
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Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 86
Asst. Prof II
For private vehicles
All the passengers, including both front and rear-seat passengers, are
required to wear their respective seat
belts all the time.
For public vehicles
The driver is required to inform his The penalty for not wearing seatbelt in
front seat passengers to wear his or her the Philippines will be up to P500
seatbelts upon boarding the vehicle. For
passengers who will refuse to use seat
belt devices, they will not be allowed to
board the vehicle and continue his or her
trip.
For the case of special public service vehicles like school bus or school
services and the likes, it is determined by the IRR that drivers, front-seat
passengers and the first row passengers (those seated behind the driver) is
required to use and wear their respective seatbelts every time they‟re inside
the vehicle of running engine.
3. Seat belt law Philippines: Penalty Front passengers on public
and Fines transports must wear a seatbelt
For Drivers
The penalty for not wearing seatbelt
in the Philippines or failed to inform and
require their passengers to wear seat belts
will be penalized accordingly
Offense Fine
1st offense P100 but not exceeding P1,000
2nd offense P200 but not exceeding P2,000
3rd and succeeding P500 but not exceeding P5,000
offense One-week suspension of the
driver's license
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 87
Asst. Prof II
For drivers of PUVs failed
to instruct front-seat passengers to wear
seat belts, the seat belt law
Philippines penalty will be a minimum
fine of P300 but not exceeding P3,000
for each violation.
For passengers who are not wearing
seatbelt devices will also be penalized
For Importers, assemblers, manufacturers, and distributors of the
vehicle
Offense Fine
P5000 but not exceeding P10,000
1st offense 1-year suspension to import, assemble,
manufacture and distribute vehicles
P10,000 but not exceeding P20,000
2nd offense 2-year suspension to import, assemble,
manufacture and distribute vehicles
3rd and P20,000 but not exceeding P50,000
succeeding No less than 5-year suspension to import,
offense assemble, manufacture and distribute vehicles
4. Importance of Seat belts
If you're driving or in a car that crasher at 50 kilometers per hour and
you are not buckled up, you will feel the same force of impact as someone
who hit the ground after falling from a 4-story building.
And during this incident, you will not be able to brace yourself. That is
why seatbelts are a vital part of every motor vehicle.
The seatbelt distributes the impact of the crash to the chest and
pelvis which are two of the strongest body parts of the human body.
It keeps the occupants of the car from being thrown out of the
vehicle or against its interiors like the dashboard and windshield.
It stops the passengers from hitting other passengers of the car.
This seatbelt is considered to be the most effective car safety device
ever invented. However, many people are still unaware of the dangers of not
wearing their seatbelt.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 88
Asst. Prof II
That's why the Seatbelt Law and the Child Safety in Motor Vehicles
Act of the Philippines is a great help to minimize the risk of injuries and
death if ever a car crash or a collision occurs.
MOTORCYCLES: SALIENT POINTS OF THE IMPLEMENTING
RULES AND REGULATIONS, MOTORCYCLE CRIME PREVENTION
ACT - RA 11235
1. NEW NUMBER PLATES REQUIRED
Owners must secure the bigger,
readable, and color-coded number plate
for every motorcycle, which shall consist
of:
(a) a metal number
plate to be installed at the rear of
the motorcycle; and
(b) a decal number plate
to be displayed in front. It shall
bear a unique combination of alpha The seatbelt keeps the occupants of the
numeric characters. car from being thrown out of the vehicle
Owners of existing motorcycle units or against its interiors
which do not have space for front plate are required to provide a bracket or
any other provision where the same shall be installed.
The renewal registration of motorcycles already registered prior to the
effectivity of the IRR shall carry with it the application for the new bigger
number plates. Registration of motorcycles which have already been
renewed for the current year until the effectivity of the IRR shall be deemed
to have applied for issuance of the new number plates.
Tricycles are included in the term “motorcycle,” which is defined as a
powered two or three-wheeled motor vehicle, including, but not limited to,
scooters, mopeds, and motorcycles with appendages such as sidecars,
tricycles, or trikes. It includes government-owned vehicles.
[See also The Big Fuss about the Motorcycle Crime Prevention Act: A
Primer on Republic Act No. 11235]
2. NO PLATE, NO DRIVING ALLOWED; PENALTIES
Driving without a number plate or a readable number plate is
prohibited. The driver of a motorcycle without a number plate or readable
number plate is subject to prision correccionalor a fine ranging from
P50,000 to P100,000, or both imprisonment and fine.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 89
Asst. Prof II
A motorcycle driven without a number plate or readable number plate
shall be stopped, seized and impounded.
3. NEW MOTORCYCLES REGISTERED WITHIN 5 DAYS; PENALTY
Initial registration of a motorcycle shall be made with the LTO by the
owner or the dealer, if authorized by the former, within 5 days from the date
of the sales invoice for brand new locally purchased motorcycles, or from the
Certificate of Stock Reported (CSR) report date for new or used imported
motorcycles.
Failure to register carries a penalty, imposed on the SELLER, of
imprisonment of arresto mayor to prision correccional, or a fine ranging
from P20,000 to P50,000, or both imprisonment and fine.
If the motorcycle that is not yet registered with the LTO is used in
connection with an offense, the maximum penalty of the relevant offense
shall be imposed on the offenders.
4. “Open” Sales No Longer allowed, Penalty
The existing practice of selling motorcycle, with the Deed of Sale not
indicting the purchaser, is effectively prohibited. This is because any sale or
disposition must be reported within 3 days from such sales. The Deed of
Sale must be filed at the LTO office where the latest Certificate of
Registration was issued.
Failure to register carries a penalty, imposed on the Seller of
imprisonment of arresto mayor to prision correccional, or fine ranging from
P20,000 to P50,000, or both imprisonment and fine.
5. No sale of non- compliant motorcycles
No person, natural or juridical shall be allowed to sell motorcycles,
unless the same has the capability to bear and showcase a readable number
plate.
6. Lost, Damaged, Stolen Plate must be Reported; Penalty
If the number plate of a motorcycle is lost, damaged, or stolen, the
owner of such motorcycle shall report the same within 24 hours to the Joint
LTO and PNP Operations and Control Center.
After the report, the owner shall, within 72 hours from the time the
loss or damage was reported, submit a duly notorized Affidavit of Loss or
damage to the nearest LTO Office. The LTO shall issue a certificate of
application for replacement of plate, and n authority to use improvised plate
which shall be valid until the issuance of the replacement plate.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 90
Asst. Prof II
Failure of the owner to report the loss, damage or theft, and apply for
a replacement plate from the LTO within the prescribed periods, shall
render the owner liable for fine ranging from P20,000 to P50,000.
Worse, if the lost, damaged, or stolen number plate or readable
number plate is used in crime, the failure of the owner to report such fact
within 3 days shall subject the owner to a penalty of imprisonment of
arresto mayor to prison correccional.
A damaged plate refers to a number plate in which any of the
alphanumeric characters is no longer readable from a distance of at least
fifteen (15) meters due to fading, cracking, chipping, delamination, or as a
result of a road crash or vandalism. This shall also pertain to any number
plates which are mutilated, defaced or deformed in a manner materially
affecting its color, reflectivity, readability, security features and the like.
7. Use of stolen number Plate
The use of a stolen or the transfer of number plate or readable number plate
in motorcycle shall be punished by prison mayor or a fine ranging from
P50,000 to P100,000, or both at the discretion of the court.
8. Tampering or concealing Number Pale; Penalty
The following are punishable with imprisonment of prision mayor, or a
fine ranging from P50,000 to P100,000, or both imprisonment and fine:
Erasing a number plate or readable number plate
Tampering a number plate or readable number plate
Altering a number plate or readable number plate
Forging a number plate or readable number plate
Imitating a number plate or readable number plate
Covering a number plate or readable number plate
Concealing a number plate or readable number plate
Intentional use of such erased, tampered, altered, forged, imitated,
covered or concealed number plate or readable number plate. The buyer nd
the seller of the forgoing number plate or readable number plate shall be
liable for imprisonment:
Prision mayor, in case the buyer and seller has knowledge of the
erased, tampered, altered, forced or imitated number plate readable number
plate.
Aresto mayor, if the buyer or seller has no knowledge of the
erased, tampered, altered, forced or imitated number plate or readable
number plate.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 91
Asst. Prof II
SELF CHECK 3.2-1
Traffic Rules and Regulation
Identification:
Directions: enumerate the salient points of RA 11235 or the Motorcycle
Crime Prevention Act
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 92
Asst. Prof II
ANSWER KEY 3.2-1
Traffic Rules and Regulation
Identification:
1. NEW NUMBER PLATES REQUIRED
2. NO PLATE, NO DRIVING ALLOWED; PENALTIES
3. NEW MOTORCYCLES REGISTERED WITHIN 5 DAYS; PENALTY
4. “Open” Sales No Longer allowed, Penalty
5. No sale of non- compliant motorcycles
6. Lost, Damaged, Stolen Plate must be Reported; Penalty
7. Use of stolen number Plate
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 93
Asst. Prof II
INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2
Driving Permit and Other Relevant Documents
Learning Objective:
After reading this module trainees are expected to
Identify, follow and apply driving permit and other relevant document.
DRIVING PERMIT AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENT
Driving a motor vehicle in the Philippines as in other countries is
NOT a right but a privilege. This privilege is granted by the Philippines
Government through the Land Transportation Office based on the Republic
Act no. 4136 and Batas Pambansa No. 398.
A driver is licensed by the Land Transportation Office as proof of his
proficiency in driving and his knowledge of road rules and regulations a
while operating a motor vehicle. Upon proving this proficiency and
knowledge he will be issued a document in the form of either of these
following licenses:
LICENSES:
STUDENT Permit
Age qualification – 16 yrs old
and above
Validity – 12 months
Non – professional
Age qualification – 17 yrs old
and above
Renewal or validity – every
three or five years
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 94
Asst. Prof II
PROFESSIONAL
Age qualification- 18 yrs old
and above
Renewal or validity – every
three years
Code Restrictions
1-Motorcycle
2-Light vehicle (4,500 kegs.)
3-More than 4,500 kegs. Vehicle
4-Automatic Transmission vehicle
REGISTRATION:
An official receipt/
document issued to the owner of a
certain vehicle. It is accompanied
by sticker, showing the current
year of registration and it is being
place on a plate of vehicle.
SEC.6 (RA 4136) application
and payments for registration- shall
be made personally or by registered
mail, and the date of cancellation of
the postage stamp of envelope
containing money order or check shall be taken as the date of the
application and/or payment for registration. Provided that the application is
properly prepared and the payment for registration is sufficient as required
by law.
How to identify your registration month and weeks:
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 95
Asst. Prof II
Last Digit is the Month of your registration, Second to
the last digit is the week schedule of your registration
Schedule of your week registration:
SEC.7 Registration qualification- the qualification of vehicle shall be:
PRIVATE- Motor vehicles registered under this classification shall not
be use for hire under any circumstances. White background and green
mark.
FOR HIRE- Motor vehicles registered for public convenience, or
special permits issued by the Board of Transportation and shall be subject
the provision Of Public Service act and the rules and regulations issued
there under, as well as the provision of this act. Yellow background and
black mark.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 96
Asst. Prof II
GOVERNMENT- Motor vehicles owned by government of the
Philippines or any of its political subdivisions shall be registered. White
background and red mark
DIPLOMAT- Motor vehicles owned by foreign governments or by their
duly accredited diplomatic officers in the Philippines and used in the
discharge of their official duties.
The following registration plate numbers are hereby reserved and assigned to
officials of the Philippine Government:
1 President of the Philippines
2 Vice-President of the Philippines
3 President of the Senate
4 Speaker of the House of Representatives
5 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Reserved—to be allocated only by the Office of the
6 President
6-A Secretary of Foreign Affairs
6-B Secretary of Finance
6-C Secretary of Justice
6-D Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources
6-E Secretary of Public Works and Communications
6-F Secretary of Education
6-G Secretary of Labor
6-H Secretary of National Defense
6-I Secretary of Health
6-J Secretary of Commerce and Industry
6-K Executive Secretary
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 97
Asst. Prof II
I. RENEWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION:
Original Copy Of Registration Office
Original copy of current official receipt of payment
Insurance certificate cover
Actual inspection of Motor Vehicle and duly accomplished MVIR
(Stencils of motor and chassis number must be done of space
provided for)
Smoke test result
II. PERTINENT DOCUMENTS
certification of registration (cr)
deed of sale
certificate of ownership
mv official receipt (or)
III. EARLY WARNINGS DEVICE – use as warning sign in the road of
vehicle has problem. The shape is like a triangle and rectangle
consist of two pieces. One red and other is yellow.
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 98
Asst. Prof II
SELF-CHECK 3.2-2
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
Read the items carefully and answer each question correctly. Write
only the letters on the space provided.
1. What is the requirement for an applicant who wants to be issued a
student permit?
a. 16 years old and above
b. Mentally and physically fit
c. He / she must pass the road test
d. He / she can read and write
2. How long is the validity of student permit?
a. 3 months
b. 5 months
c. 6 months
d. 12 months
3. Which of the following is the registration month for cars with plate
number ending 6?
a. March
b. June
c. August
d. October
4. Which of the following vehicle is best described as white
background and green marked?
a. Government
b. Private
c. For hire
d. Diplomat
5. What is the motor vehicle plate scheme color for government
vehicle?
a. white background & red marked
b. white background and green marked
c. yellow background and black marked
d. none of these
6. What government agency approved granting of commemorate
plate?
a. LTO office
b. Office of the president
c. MMDA
d. PNP_TMG
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 99
Asst. Prof II
7. What do you call an official receipt issued to the owner
accompanied by sticker of a certain vehicle?
a. Deed of sale
b. Registration
c. Certificate of ownership
d. Plate number receipt
8. An ideal driver is
a. Always clean a seatbelt
b. Keeps within the advisory limit
c. Constantly scan the road for potential hazard
d. All of these
Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 100
Asst. Prof II
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