Core 3 - Obeying and observing traffic rules and regulations

ANSWER KEY 3.2-2

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. d

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 101
Asst. Prof II

INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-3
Driving Outfit/Attire

Learning Objectives: After reading this information, Driving Hazard, you
should be able to:
1. Familiarize driving outfit/attire
2. Explain driving outfit/attire
3. Compare driving outfit/attire

Introduction

A uniform is a type of clothing worn by members of

an organization while participating in that organization's activity. Modern

uniforms are most often worn by armed
forces and paramilitary organizations such as police, emergency
services, security guards, in some workplaces and schools and by inmates

in prisons and the drivers.

Under 932 Uniform Requirements Discusses about the Employees
Required to Wear Uniforms and work clothes on code 932.11 Regular
Uniforms.

932 Uniform Requirements

932.1 Employees Required to Wear Uniforms and Work Clothes

932.11 Regular Uniforms

Employees in the following categories meeting the following conditions
wear the prescribed uniform while performing their duties:

a) Motor vehicle operators, tractor–trailer operators, or driving
instructors and examiners, if they average 4 hours or more a day
during the course of a year, driving vehicles or holding themselves in
readiness to drive them.

b) Passenger elevator operators or elevator starters if they average 4
hours or more a day during the course of a year performing the duties
of these jobs.

The right uniform raises the image, esteem and perceived
professionalism of both the driver wearing it and the company that employs
him. Few would dispute that, but in the busy road transport industry it is
all too easy to regard the subject of drivers‟ uniforms as an annoying
distraction from the core job of moving loads. After all, we work in the
logistics industry, not Grace Brothers. But if our opening statement is true,

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 102
Asst. Prof II

should we not make a little more effort and go the extra mile to make sure
that our drivers look the part.

The first issue is what garments to supply. Some kind of shirt with a
company logo on it is an obvious minimum, but most fleets will want to go
further and usually choose from the following:

 stiff-collared shirts
 polo shirts
 sweatshirts or fleeces
 trousers
 tunics
 outer jackets
 shoes or boots
 waterproofs
 high-visibility waistcoat
 safety helmets
 gloves

This list is by no means exhaustive: some operators will even include
shorts for summer wear and add accessories such as ties and belts. Then
there are the more specialized requirements for those in particular industry
sectors, such as the removals business whose drivers‟ uniforms should not
have buttons or zips that are liable to mark furniture being carried. For
drivers who are liable to venture onto building sites, a bag for muddy boots
is a practical measure that will help them keep their cab interiors clean.

Think about the characteristics of the garments you are choosing.
Polo shirts, for instance, are among the cheapest items to buy and in many
ways are more practical than shirts, but can quickly become faded and
shapeless if they are of poor quality. The same is true of sweatshirts.
Drivers‟ tunics, meanwhile, may seem a touch old-fashioned UK but are
hard-wearing and usually have plenty of useful pockets for pens, keys,
paperwork. So if you are considering a move from tunics to sweatshirts, for
example, think about the loss of pockets, particularly for drivers such as
those on multi-drop parcels work whose hands are full but still need
somewhere for their paperwork or handheld terminals. One solution is to
choose trousers that have additional large pockets on the thighs.

Boots typically offer more ankle protection than shoes and so are safer
on sites and uneven ground where there is a high risk of turning an ankle.
Their obvious downside is that they become too hot in warm weather. Shorts
may appeal in the summer but may be considered inappropriate in certain
circumstances.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 103
Asst. Prof II

While some fleets regard a tie as the height of sartorial standards,
they are few and far between these days, when even politicians and senior
managers no longer consider a tie as essential. As far as drivers are
concerned, ties are liable to become trapped or snagged when leaning
forward to handball loads, for instance, so there are valid safety reasons to
avoid them.

When introducing uniforms for the first time, or changing an
established policy, it is of course vital to engage your workforce on the type
of garments they like to wear. However, bear in mind that you stand no
chance of pleasing all of them and the final choice must achieve the
company‟s vision and goals. But pleasing the majority enhances the
likelihood of your uniform policy being adhered to with minimum fuss. The
replacement policy should also be communicated to the drivers, so that are
aware of how long the uniform is expected to last.

The requirement to wear the uniform at work should be written into
employees‟ contracts and drivers‟ handbooks. Particular reference should be
made to wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety boots
and high-visibility garments: legislation demands that employers not only
provide these items but also ensure that they are used. It follows, therefore,
that operators should take formal steps to check that uniforms are worn as
required. Traffic office staff are the most obvious candidates for this job,
with a named individual given specific responsibility for managing
compliance and all uniform matters.

(PUV) drivers were mandated to look decent, but we didn‟t know they
had been assigned uniform colors. The Association of Taxi Operators in
Metro Manila said they were unaware of an order from the Land
Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) that requires
drivers to wear color-coded uniforms. Some Taxi operators go to the LTFRB‟s
office to get memorandum circulars. Based on a memorandum circular
issued by the LTFRB, drivers are required to wear proper uniforms: light
blue for jeepney drivers, white for bus drivers, red for taxi drivers, green for
UV Express drivers; and yellow for school service bus drivers.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 104
Asst. Prof II

SELF CHECK 3.2-3

Driving Outfit/Attire

Enumeration
Directions: Give the correct answer to the question.
What are the basic requirements for company outfit?

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 105
Asst. Prof II

ANSWER KEY 3.2-3

Driving Outfit/Attire

MATCHING TYPE:

1. stiff-collared shirts
2. polo shirts
3. sweatshirts or fleeces
4. trousers
5. tunics
6. outer jackets
7. shoes or boots
8. waterproofs
9. high-visibility waistcoat
10. safety helmets
11. gloves

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 106
Asst. Prof II

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome No. 3: Practice Courtesy

Contents:

1. Drivers Code of Ethics

Assessment Criteria:

1. Demonstrate positive work values as per code of ethics of
drivers.

2. Respond and handle complaints with respect based on driver‟s
code of ethics.

3. Convey reminders to passengers politely.

Conditions:

Trainee must be provided with the following:

Tools

 Seat belt

 Early Warning Device

 Hand tools (Wrench, pliers, screwdriver, early warning device, jack,
spare tires)

 Flashlights or emergency lighting device
Equipment

 Private car

 Owner type Jeep
Materials/ Supplies

 Service manual, manufacturer‟s manual, periodic maintenance
manual

 Books, record sheet, and check list

 CBLM

 Consumables Materials and Spare Parts Such as
 Rags
 Fan Belt
 Wheel Cap
 Fuse
 Electrical Tapes

 Brake Fluid
 Motor Oil

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 107
Asst. Prof II

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome No. 3: Practice Courtesy

Learning Activities Specific Instructions
1. READ INFORMATION
READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.3-1
SHEET 3.3-1 on Drivers After reading you are encouraging to
Code of Ethics answer the SELF CHECK on Drivers
Code of Ethics
2. ANSWER SELF CHECK
3.3-1 on Drivers Code of Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.3-1 Compare
Ethics answers with the answer key. You are
required to get all answers correct. If
not, read information again to answers
all questions correctly.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 108
Asst. Prof II

INFORMATION SHEET 3.3-1
Drivers Code of Ethics

Learning Objectives: After reading this information, occupational health
and safety standard, you should be able to do:
1. Demonstrate positive work values as per code of ethics of driver.
2. Interpret drivers code of ethics
3. Justifies code of ethics

A. Positive Work Values

1. Honesty and Integrity
Driver must maintain a sense of honesty and integrity above all
else. Good relationships are built on trust. When working for an employer
they want to know that they can trust what you say and what you do.
Successful businesses work to gain the trust of customers and maintain the
attitude that “the customer is always right”. It is the responsibility of each
person to use their own individual sense of moral and ethical behavior when
working with and serving others within the scope of their job.

2. Strong Self – Confidence
Self-confidence has been recognized as the key ingredient
between someone who is successful and someone who is not. A self –
confident person is someone who inspires others. A self-confident person is
not afraid to ask questions on topics where they feel they need more
knowledge. They feel little need to have to impress others with what they
know since they feel comfortable with themselves and don‟t feel they need to
know everything.
The self-confident person does what he/she feels is right and is
willing to take risks. Self- confident people can also admit their mistakes.
They recognize their strengths as well as their weaknesses and are willing to
work on the latter. Self-confident people have faith in themselves and their
abilities which is manifested in their positive attitude and outlook on life.

3. Professionalism

Drivers must exhibit professional behavior at all times.
Professional behavior includes learning every aspect of a job and doing it to

the best of one‟s ability. Professionals look, speak, and dress accordingly to
maintain an image of someone who takes pride in their behavior and

appearance. Professionals complete projects as soon as possible and avoid
letting uncompleted projects pile up. Professionals complete high quality
work and are detail oriented. Professional behavior includes all of the

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 109
Asst. Prof II

behavior above in addition to providing a positive role model for others.
Professionals are enthusiastic about their work and optimistic about the
organization and its future. To become a professional you must feel like a
professional and following these tips is a great start to getting to where you
want to go.

B. Code of a Good Driver

1. I will never drive a vehicle with poor brake system
because it will endanger my life and passenger. I will always test the
strength of my brake or breaking efficiency before I sued the vehicle.

2. I will never apply the brake suddenly except in an
emergency but will always strive to use the brake lightly, gently and
gradually.

3. I will also check the car handbrake efficiency for I know

that in the case the hydraulic brake system fails, the handbrake will stop
the car.

4. I will avoid stepping the brake pedal with a jerk or
stopping the vehicle t a sudden stops, except on emergency. I have to bear
in mind that some vehicles might be following my car and a sudden stop

might bump my car. It my also cause some inconvenient to my passenger.
5. I will step at the brake pedal first when stopping my car,

and only step on the clutch pedal; when the car is bout to stopped. Too
much application of the clutch pedal or clutch riding will cause rapid lining
wear.

6. I will always strive to observe road courtesy and follow the
traffic code and other laws.

7. I will observe when driving the Right of Way rules in order
to avoid conflict at intersection.

8. I will always give the proper hand signal to indicate when
I stop, because my stop light does not operate until will apply the brake.

9. I will observe traffic policeman instruction and signals in
order to avoid traffic jam and accident. I will always show good
sportsmanship and never display any resentment to reasonable police

signal.
10. I will always drive at the speed that is reasonable for the

existing traffic in any certain locality, I will so adjust my speed to the density
of the traffic, the type of road, effect of rain on the pavement, the visibility
and the frequency of pedestrians, inters sections curve or hills.

11. I will always stop for a red light in a position that the car
does not block the pedestrian cross walk and will always permit pedestrian
to finish crossing when he gets caught in the intersection by a change of the
traffic signal light.

12. I will always dim my lights for the convenient of the
incoming driver. Failure to dim my light may temporally blind the incoming
driver of some painful annoyance to him.

13. I will never nose another car to space about to be
occupied by him for the same beating the other driver in the parking space.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 110
Asst. Prof II

14. I will never change to an individual on a crowd of person
on foot and the same time blow the top of my horn in order to blast them
out of the same. I will use my horn as a warning in emergency gently as a
polite signal.

15. I will never be a “HIT and RUN” driver, but will always give
assistance to my victim and with the proper medical care.

16. I will never zigzag in road or weave in or cut traffic lane

and disregarding other drivers just for the sake of jockeying for a favourable

position.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 111
Asst. Prof II

SELF-CHECK 3.3-1
Enumeration

1. What are the 3 positive values must possess by the driver?

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 112
Asst. Prof II

ANSWER KEY 3.3-1

1. Honesty and Integrity
2. Strong Self – Confidence
3. Professionalism

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 113
Asst. Prof II

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome No. 4: Respect Traffic Enforcers and Other Traffic
Management Unit

Contents:
Traffic Violations and Penalties

Assessment Criteria:
1. Comply traffic authority instruction as prescribed by law.
2. Issue traffic violation tickets/ receipts by traffic enforcers are accepted
and appropriate action is taken.

Conditions:
Trainee must be provided with the following:

Tools
 Seat belt
 Early Warning Device
 Hand tools (Wrench, pliers, screwdriver, early warning device, jack,
spare tires)
 Flashlights or emergency lighting device

Equipment
 Private car
 Owner type Jeep

Materials/ Supplies
 Service manual, manufacturer‟s manual, periodic maintenance
manual
 Books, record sheet, and check list
 CBLM
 Consumables Materials and Spare Parts Such as
 Rags
 Fan Belt
 Wheel Cap
 Fuse
 Electrical Tapes
 Brake Fluid
 Motor Oil

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 114
Asst. Prof II

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome No. 4: Respect Traffic Enforcers and Other Traffic
Management Unit

Learning Activities Specific Instructions
1. READ INFORMATION
READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.4-1 After
SHEET 3.4-1 on Traffic reading you are encouraging to answer
Violations and Penalties. the SELF CHECK on Traffic Violations
and Penalties.
2. ANSWER SELF CHECK
3.4-1 on Traffic Violations Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.4-1 Compare
and Penalties. answers with the answer key. You are
required to get all answers correct. If not,
read information again to answers all
questions correctly.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 115
Asst. Prof II

INFORMATION SHEET 4.4-1
Traffic Violations and Penalties

Learning Objectives: After reading this information, occupational health
and safety standard, you should be able to do the following:
1. Defines traffic violation and penalties
2. Interpret traffic violation and penalties
3. Distinguishes traffic violations and penalties

Introduction:

List of Traffic Violations, Penalties and Fees
A comprehensive list of all Violations, Fines and Penalties as mandated by
Land Transportation Office (LTO) and Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC) under Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01 that
took effect last June 2014. Please be guided accordingly.

VIOLATION FINE (IN PHILIPPINE PESO) /
PENALTY

I. Violations in Connection with Licensing

a. Driving without Driver‟s License

This includes driving with an expired, revoked, ₱ 3,000

suspended, inappropriate driver‟s license In addition, the unlicensed or improperly

restriction code, inappropriate driver‟s license licensed driver shall be disqualified from being

classification, fake driver‟s license, tourist driving a granted a driver‟s license and driving a motor vehicle

motor vehicle with a valid foreign driver‟s license for a period of one (1) year from the payment of the

beyond the 90-day maximum allowable period and fine.

a student driver driving without being accompanied

by a duly licensed driver.

₱ 10,000

In addition, the driver‟s license shall be confiscated, and

upon conviction for the crime, revoked and the driver

b. Driving a Motor Vehicle Used in the Commission of a shall be perpetually disqualified from being granted a

Crime Upon Conviction by a Regular Court of driver‟s license and driving a motor vehicle.

Competent Jurisdiction The motor vehicle driven by the violator shall likewise be

impounded until ordered to be released by a regular

court of competent jurisdiction after payment of

appropriate fines and penalties.

₱ 10,000In addition, the driver‟s license shall be
c. Commission of a Crime in the Course of

confiscated, and revoked upon conviction for the
Apprehension Upon Conviction by a Regular Court

crime. The driver shall be disqualified from being
of Competent Jurisdiction

granted driver‟s license for a period of 5 years

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 116
Asst. Prof II

counted from the date of payment of appropriate
fines and penalties.
The motor vehicle driven by the violator shall likewise be
impounded until ordered to be released by a regular
court of competent jurisdiction after payment of
appropriate fines and penalties.

₱ 3,000In addition to the fines and penalties prescribed
by law:

The non-professional driver‟s license of the person shall
be confiscated and suspended for a period of twelve
(12) months for the first conviction and perpetually

d. Driving a Motor Vehicle While Under the Influence of
revoked for the second conviction.

Alcohol, Dangerous Drugs and/or Similar
The suspension above shall commence upon the payment

Substance Upon Final Conviction by a Regular
of the appropriate fines and penalties.

Court of Competent Jurisdiction (Section 12, R.A.
The professional driver‟s license of the person shall also

10586)
be confiscated and perpetually revoked for the first
conviction.

The perpetual revocation of a driver‟s license shall
disqualify the person from being granted any kind of
driver‟s license thereafter.

₱ 2,000 (1st Offense)

₱ 3,000 (2nd Offense)

e. Reckless Driving / Driving Above The Speed Limit ₱ 10,000 (Subsequent Offense)In addition, the

No person shall operate a motor vehicle on any highway driver‟s license shall be suspended for a period of

recklessly or without reasonable caution three (3) months for the second offense and six (6)

considering the width, traffic, grades, crossing, months for the third offense from payment of fine

curvatures, visibility and other conditions of the and revocation of driver‟s license on the succeeding

highway and the conditions of the atmosphere and offense.A revoked non- professional driver shall be

weather, or so to endanger the property of the disqualified from being granted a driver‟s license for

safety or rights of any person or so as to cause a period of two (2) years counted from date of

excessive or unreasonable damage to the highway. revocation.

A revoked professional drivershall be perpetually

disqualified from getting any driver‟s license.

f. Submission of Fake Documents in Relation to ₱ 3,000
the Application for a Driver‟s License In addition, the driver‟s license shall be put on alarm,
(New/Renewal)
revoked and the driver shall be disqualified from
being granted a driver‟s license and driving a motor
vehicle for a period of one (1) year from the payment
of the fine, without prejudice to the filing of
appropriate criminal charges.

₱ 1,000 (1st Offense)

g.1 Failure to Wear the Prescribed Seat Belt DeviceThis ₱ 2,000 (2nd Offense)

includes allowing a child 6 years old and below to ₱ 5,000 (3rd Offense)In addition, the driver‟s license

be seated on the front passenger seat. shall be suspended for a period of one (1) week from

the payment of the fine, for the third and each

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 117
Asst. Prof II

succeeding offense.

g.2 Failure to Require His/Her Passenger/s to Wear the

Prescribed Seat Belt Device

Includes Public Utility Vehicles failure to post ₱ 3,000(Both the Driver and Operator are liable to pay

appropriate signage‟s instructing front seat the fine for every violation)

passenger to wear seat-belts when inside the

vehicle.

h. Failure to Wear the Standard Protective Motorcycle

Helmet or Failure to Require the Back Rider to ₱ 1,500 (1st Offense)
Wear the Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmet ₱ 3,000 (2nd Offense)
Wearing a helmet with a fake Philippine standard (PS) ₱ 5,000 (3rd Offense)
or Import Commodity Clearance (IIC) sticker shall ₱ 10,000 (Fourth and Succeeding Offenses)
be tantamount to riding a moving motorcycle

without wearing a helmet.

i. Failure to Carry Driver‟s ₱ 1,000
License, Certificate of Registration or Official
Receipt While Driving a Motor Vehicle

j. All Other Violations of Traffic Rules and

RegulationsThis includes the following traffic

violations:

1. Parking:

a. in an intersection

b. within 5 meters of the intersection

c. 4 meters from the driveway entrance

d. within 4 meters from a fire hydrant

e. in front of a private driveway

f. on the roadway side of any unmoving or

parked MV at the curb or edge of the highway

g. at any place where signs of prohibitions have

been installed

2. Disregarding Traffic Signs ₱ 1,000
3. Allowing passengers on top or cover of a motor

vehicle except of a truck helper

4. Failure to provide canvas cover to cargoes or

freight of trucks requiring the same

5. Permitting passenger to ride on running board,

step board or mudguard or MV while the same in

motion.

6. Failure to dim headlights when approaching

another motor vehicle

7. Driving in a place not intended for traffic or into

place not allowed for parking

8. Hitching or permitting a person or a bicycle,

motorcycle, tricycle or skate roller to hitch to a

motor vehicle

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 118
Asst. Prof II

9. Driving against traffic (Counter flow) – Failure to
pass to the right when meeting persons or
vehicles coming towards him.

10. Illegal turn – Failure to conduct the motor vehicle
to the right of the intersection of the highway when
turning to the left in going from one highway to
another.

11. Illegal overtaking – Failure to pass to the left when
overtaking persons or vehicles going to the same
direction except when there are two or more lanes
for the movement of traffic in one direction.

12. Overtaking at unsafe distance – Failure to pass at
a safe distance to the left of another motor vehicle
when overtaking that vehicle.

13. Cutting an overtaken vehicle – Driving to the right
side of the highway after overtaking before his
motor vehicle is safely clear of such overtaken
vehicle.

14. Failure to give way to an overtaking vehicle –
Failure to give way to another vehicle approaching
from the rear that wishes to overtake his vehicle
when the former has given suitable and audible
signal.

15. Increasing speed when being overtaken –
Increasing the speed of the motor vehicle before
the overtaking vehicle has completely passed.

16. Overtaking when left side is not visible or clear of
oncoming traffic – Driving to the left side of the
center line of a highway in overtaking or passing
another vehicle proceeding in the same direction
where the left side is not clearly visible and is
not free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance
to pass in safely.

17. Overtaking upon a crest of a grade – Overtaking or
passing another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction when approaching the crest of a grade.

18. Overtaking upon a curve – Overtaking or passing
another vehicle proceeding in the same direction
upon a curve in a highway where the driver‟s view
along the highway is obstructed within a distance
of 500 feet ahead.

19. Overtaking at any railway grade crossing –
Overtaking or passing another vehicle proceeding
in the same direction at any railway grade crossing.

20. Overtaking at an intersection – Overtaking or
passing another vehicle in the same direction at
any intersection of highways except on a highway

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 119
Asst. Prof II

having two or more lanes for movement of traffic in
one direction where the driver of a vehicle may
overtake another vehicle on the right.
21. Overtaking on “Men Working” or “Caution” signs –
Overtaking or passing or attempting to overtake or
pass another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction between warning or caution signs
indicating that men are working on a highway.
22. Overtaking at no overtaking zone – Overtaking or
passing or attempting to overtake or pass another
vehicle proceeding in the same direction in any “No
Passing or Overtaking” zone.
23. Failure of the vehicle on the left to yield the right of
way to the vehicle on the right when these vehicles
approach or enter an intersection at approximately
the same time.
24. Failure of a vehicle approaching but not having
entered intersection to yield the right of way to a
vehicle within such intersection or turning therein
to the left across the line of travel of the first
mentioned vehicle when such vehicle has given a
plainly visible signal of intention to turn.
25. Failure of the driver of any vehicle upon a highway
within a business or residential district to yield the
right of way to a pedestrian crossing such highway
within a cross walk except at intersection where
the movement of traffic is regulated by a peace
officer or by traffic signal.
26. Failure to stop before traversing a “through
highway” or railroad crossing. – Failure of the
driver of a vehicle upon a highway to bring to a full
stop such vehicle before traversing any “Through
Highway” or rail-road crossing.
27. Failure of a vehicle entering a highway from a
private road or driver upon a highway to yield the
right of way to all vehicles approaching on such
highway. – Failure of a vehicle entering a highway
from a private road or driver upon a highway to
yield the right of way to all vehicles approaching on
such highway.
28. Failure to yield right of way to ambulance, police
or fire department vehicles. – Failure of a driver
upon a highway to yield the right of way to police
or fire department vehicles and ambulances when
such vehicles are operated on official business and
the drivers thereof sound audible signal or their
approach.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 120
Asst. Prof II

29. Failure to yield right of way at a “through highway”
or a “stop intersection”. – Failure of a vehicle
entering a “through highway” or a “stop
intersection” to yield right of way to all vehicles
approaching in either direction on such “through
highway”.

30. Failure to give proper signal. – Failure to give the
appropriate signal before starting, stopping or
turning from a direct line.

31. Illegal turn. – Failure of the driver of a vehicle
intending to turn to the left, to approach such
intersection in the lane for traffic to the right of and
nearest to the center line of the highway, and in,
turning to pass to the left of the center of the
intersection except upon highway lane for traffic
and upon one-way highway.

32. Failure to stop motor and notch hand brake of
motor vehicle when unattended. – Failure to turn
off the ignition switch and stop the motor and
notch effectively the handbrake when parking a
motor vehicle unattended on any highway.

33. Unsafe Towing
34. Obstruction – Obstructing the free passage of

other vehicles on the highway while discharging or
taking passengers or loading and unloading freight,
or driving a motor vehicle in such a manner as to
obstruct or impede the passage of any vehicle.
35. Motorcycle carrying more passengers other than
the back rider or cargo other than the saddle bags
and luggage carriers
36. Refusal to render service to the public or convey
passenger to destination.
37. Overcharging / Undercharging of fare
38. No franchise / Certificate of Public Convenience or
evidence of franchise presented during
apprehension or carried inside the motor vehicle.
39. Fake CPC, OR/CR, plates, stickers, and tags
40. Operating the unit with defective parts and
accessories
41. Failure to provide fare discount to those entitled
under existing laws and pertinent Memorandum
Circulars of the LTFRB.
42. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter or operating
without or with an old seal taximeter, broken,
joined, reconnected, fake or altered sealing wire.
43. No sign board
44. Pick and drop Passenger outside the terminal

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 121
Asst. Prof II

45. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited cargoes
46. Failure to provide fire extinguisher and required

“STOP and GO” signage for use of each vehicle.
47. Trip cutting.
48. Failure to display fare matrix
49. Breach of franchise conditions under 2011 Revised

Terms and Conditions of CPC.

Violations in Connection with Motor Vehicle Registration/Renewal/Operations

a. Driving an Unregistered Motor Vehicle ₱ 10,000
This includes driving with an improperly registered

motor vehicle or a motor vehicle with expired,
revoked, suspended or invalid registration,
unregistered or fake substitute or replacement
engine, engine block or chassis

b. Unauthorized Motor Vehicle Modification ₱ 5,000
This includes change in color and other unauthorized

modifications of the standard manufacturer‟s
specification not covered by the preceding section
a.

c. Operating a Right Hand Drive Motor Vehicle ₱ 50,000

d. Motor Vehicle Operating without or with

Defective/Improper/Unauthorized Accessories,

Devices, Equipment and Parts

This includes bells/horns/sirens/whistles, blinkers,

brakes, early warning device (EWD), grill/s,

jalousies, brake (foot and hand brakes), brake ₱ 5,000

lights/headlights/interior lights/signal, lights/tail

lights, mirrors, mufflers, metallic tires/spare tire,

speedometer, windshield, wipers or any other

accessory, device, equipment or part that is

manifestly prejudicial to road safety.

e. Failure to Attach or Improper Attachment/Tampering
of Authorized Motor Vehicle License Plates and/or ₱ 5,000
Third Plate Sticker

f. Smoke Belching ₱ 2,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 4,000 (2nd Offense)
1-year suspension of the Motor Vehicle Registration
(MVR) and fine not more than ₱ 6,000 (3rd Offense)

g. Fraud in Relation to the Registration of the Motor ₱ 3,000
Vehicle and/or it‟s Renewal

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 122
Asst. Prof II

h. All Other Violation in Connection with Motor Vehicle ₱ 2,000

Registration/Renewal/Operation

Violations in Connection with Dimensions, Specifications/Weight and Load Limits

a. Load Extending Beyond Projected Width Without ₱ 1,000
Permit

b. Axle Overloading An amount equivalent ot 25% of MVUC at the time of
infringement on owner/operator or driver of trucks
and trailers for loading beyond their registered gross
weight, vehicle weight. The penalty shall be waived
for loads exceeding the registered GVW by a
tolerance of less than 5%

c. Operating a Passenger Bus/Truck With Cargo ₱ 1,000
Exceeding 160 kg.

Violations in Connection with Franchise

1. Colorum Violation ₱ 1 million (Bus)
₱ 200,000 (Truck)
₱ 50,000 (Jeepney)
₱ 200,000 (Van)
₱ 120,000 (Sedan)
₱ 6,000 (Motorcycle)

2. Refusal to render service to the public or convey ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
passenger destination ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

3. Overcharging/Undercharging of fare ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

4. Failure to provide proper body markings ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

5. No franchise/Certificate of Public Convenience or ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
evidence of franchise presented during ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
apprehension or carried inside the Motor Vehicle Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

6. Presentation of Fake CPC, OR/CR, plates, stickers, Revocation/Cancellation of the franchise/Certificate of

and tags Public Convenience

7. Employing reckless, insolent, discourteous arrogant ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 123
Asst. Prof II

drivers ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

8. Allowing an unauthorized driver to drive PUV or ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
allowing a driver to drive PUV without bringing ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
his/her driver‟s license Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

9. Operating the unit/s with defective parts and ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
accessories ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

10. Failure to provide fare discount to those entitle ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
under existing laws ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

11. Failure to provide the Board with complete, correct, ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

and updated operator‟s information (such as, but ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd

not limited to, address, contact numbers, list of Offense)

drivers, etc.) and other forms of misrepresentation ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

12. Failure to display “No Smoking” signage and/or ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
allowing personnel or passenger to smoke inside ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
the vehicle Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

13. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter or operating ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
without or with an old seal taximeter (TX only) ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

14. Tampered, broken, joined, reconnected, fake or ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
altered sealing wire (TX only) ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

15. Violation of color scheme or design/Adoption of new ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
color design without authority from the Board (PUB
Offense)
and TX only)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

16. Unregistered or unauthorized trade/business name ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd

(PUB and TX only) Offense)

₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

17. No Panel Route (PUJ, PUB, UV) ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 124
Asst. Prof II

Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

18. No sign board (PUJ, PUB, UV) ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

19. Pick and Drop of Passengers outside the Terminal ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
(PUJ, PUB, UV) ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

20. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited cargoes ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

21. Failure to provide fire extinguisher and required ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

“STOP and GO” signage for use of each vehicle (STS ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd

only) Offense)

₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

22. Trip Cutting (PUJ, PUB, UV) ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

23. Failure to display fare matrix (PUJ, PUB, UV) ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

24. Failure to display the International Symbol of ₱ 50,000 (1st Offense)
Accessibility inside the units and/or failure to ₱ 75,000 and impounding of unit of at least 45
designate seats specifically for the use of Person days (2nd Offense)
with Disabilities or Failure or refusal to transport ₱ 100,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd and
PWDs (PUJ, PUB, TTS, UV) subsequent Offenses)

25. Breach of franchise conditions under 2011 Revised ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)
₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30 days (2nd
Terms and Conditions of CPC not otherwise herein
Offense)
provided.
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd Offense)

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 125
Asst. Prof II

SELF CHECK 4.4-1

Traffic Violations and Penalties

ENNUMERATION:

What are the areas where in parking is prohibited?

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 126
Asst. Prof II

ANSWER KEY 4.4-1

Traffic Violations and Penalties

a. in an intersection
b. within 5 meters of the intersection
c. 4 meters from the driveway entrance
d. within 4 meters from a fire hydrant
e. in front of a private driveway
f. on the roadway side of any unmoving or parked MV at the
curb or edge of the highway
g. at any place where signs of prohibitions have been
installed

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 127
Asst. Prof II

INFORMATION SHEET 4.4-2
Traffic Citation Ticket

Learning Objectives: After reading this information, occupational health
and safety standard, you should be able to do the following:
1. Defines traffic citation tickets
2. Identify the different types of TCT color papers.
3. Distinguishes traffic violations and penalties

Driving is undeniably fun - it let you set your foot from peripheries to
centers of the country. But this presupposes that you are armed with a valid
driver‟s license. And when we say valid, that means your driver‟s license is
neither suspended nor revoked.

Suspension of driver‟s license in the Philippines may be caused by various
reasons. The period of suspension and the mode of appeal to such
suspension also vary, depending on the type of license used by the driver
(whether student, professional, or non-professional).

And because the business of common
carrier in the Philippines is imbued

with public interest, it may be
observed that the law gives a stiffer

penalty of suspension if the violator
holds a professional driver‟s license.
Nonetheless, in all cases, the driver is

given a recourse under the law

to appeal driver’s license

suspension or question the validity of https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/complete-
the suspension or even revocation of the guideline-on-driver-license-suspension-appeal-in-
driver‟s license. the-philippines-2665

Prevention is better than cure. Equipping yourself with vital

knowledge about driver license suspension is a must to avoid getting
involved into unnecessary troubles. However, what if your license has
already been suspended?

I. LTO holds the exclusive authority in revoking and suspending a
license

The first thing that comes to mind if your driver‟s license is suspended

is, can you appeal driver’s license suspension? The answer is yes. RA

4136 contains provisions on how to appeal driver’s license suspension.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 128
Asst. Prof II

By virtue of the aforesaid law, the Land Transportation Office (LTO)
Commissioner, by virtue of the power granted by Section 27 of RA 4136,
does not only focus on issuing
a license, but also has the
exclusive authority and power
to and revoke or suspend it for
causes against traffic rules
and regulation.

This power may also be

delegated to LTO deputies,
who are authorized to suspend

any driver‟s license, provided
that the suspension would not

exceed for three (3) months. LTO is responsible for all means of land
However, if the driver violated any
provisions of RA 4136, regulations transportation in the Philippines
that may be issued by the
https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/complete-guideline-on-
driver-license-suspension-appeal-in-the-philippines-2665

Commissioner or municipal

ordinances relating to traffic rules and regulations, at least three times
within a year, a suspension of not more than two years is applied.

The action made by any deputy may be appealed to the Commissioner of
LTO, who may either modify, reverse, or confirm the suspension. In case of
revocation or refusal to reinstate the revoked license by the LTO

Commissioner, the affected individual may appeal it to the Secretary of
Public Works Communication.

II. General Rule on Suspension Appeal

1. Lifting of suspension Colorum vehicle is a common violation in the
Can a driver’s license suspension Philippines

be lifted? The answer is in the

affirmative. As a general rule,
suspension of driver‟s license may be
lifted after serving the imposable

period of suspension.
For example, for first offense colorum

violation, the suspension of license

and plate number of vehicle shall be

lifted after three (3) months. In some

cases, requirements for lifting of

suspension included serving

accessory penalties (e.g. driver is
asked to attend seminar or
examination).

Accessory penalty is usually imposed to drivers who committed the following

violations: illegal parking, reckless driving, DUI and overspeeding,

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 129
Asst. Prof II

obstruction, or disregarding traffic sign. Therefore, it's crucial to know,
understand and follow traffic laws in the Philippines.

2. One-thousand peso bond The payment of bond is without prejudice
to the satisfaction of any claim that may be
Driver’s license reinstatement by
the Commissioner or his deputy may filed against the driver
be done by furnishing the required
bond of one thousand pesos. The
payment of bond is without
prejudice to the satisfaction of any
claim that may be filed against the
driver.
On top of this, the Commissioner
should be satisfied that the driver
may have a safe driving again
with his vehicle, in order that the

license be reinstated. https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/complete-

guideline-on-driver-license-suspension-appeal-in-

3. Issuance of Temporary the-philippines-2665

Operator’s Permit

On the other hand, a different mode of appeal is taken when the driver is

apprehended and at the same time the license is suspended, pursuant to
Joint Administrative Order no. 2014-01.

Under this regulation, the following are offenses in connection with
licensing: failure to carry his driver‟s license, failure to wear the required
protective helmet, reckless driving, driving without license, and other similar
violations.

In case the penalty of apprehension or suspension cannot be implemented
right away, the LTO usually put the motor vehicle or driver‟s license on
alarm.

Thereafter, the officer-in-charge will issue a
Temporary Operator‟s Permit (TOP) in favor of

the driver. The TOP also answers how to

check driver’s license status as it indicates
that the permit is valid for a non-extendible
period of 72 hours or three days. The driver is
given five days to contest the validity of the
apprehension or confiscation of driver‟s
license, otherwise his/her case shall be
deemed admitted.

Further, the driver is required to pay the
corresponding fine of his penalty within fifteen (15) days; otherwise, his

driver‟s license is automatically suspended for 30 days, reckoned from the

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 130
Asst. Prof II

day of apprehension. In such case, he may be required to pay
additional driver’s license suspension appeal fee.

4. The location of the apprehension
It should be noted that the place in settling apprehension cases vary
depending on the location of his apprehension. If the apprehension took
place in Metro Manila, he will appear before the Traffic Adjudication Service
(TAS) of LTO.

On the other hand, if the apprehension took place in some other LTO
district or regional offices, the place of settlement shall be indicated at the
issued TOP to the driver. In either case, the following steps should be taken
by the driver:

 The driver submits his written contest and shows his TOP
within five (5) days from the time he was apprehended.

 The receiving clerk of LTO will receive, check, and docket the
document presented.

 The clerk will forward the written contest together with the
supporting document to the Regional/District office for
adjudication within 30 days.

 After notification of the resolution/decision, the driver will now
proceed to the cashier in order to pay required fine if is it a fined
case.

 After receipt of official receipt, the driver will now proceed to the
Releasing Unit for the receipt of the confiscated item.

III. Driver License Suspension Appeal Philippines: Conclusion
In all cases of lifting of suspension, appeal of suspension of driver license,
and reinstatement of the suspended license, the driver need not apply for
renewal. Driver’s license renewal after suspension is possible only if the
license expires during the period of suspension. In which case, the driver
need to undergo the same usual process of getting a driver‟s license, in
accordance with the requirements of RA 4136.

TEMPORARY OPERATOR’S PERMIT (TOP)

Distribution of copies:
White - LTO files
Blue - Apprehending Officer

Yellow - Driver‟s copy
Pink - COA copy

Note: If you received a TOP, your LICENSE or LICENSE PLATE will

be confiscated. Go to the AGENCY to REDEEM your drivers license or
license plate

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 131
Asst. Prof II

Steps on how to redeem the confiscated Driver’s License or
License Plate issued with Temporary Operator’s Permit

Step 1: Go to the LTO Office or Agency 72 hours from the time
of apprehension which is the validity period of the TOP.

For any reason the apprehending officer CANNOT Submit the
copy to the Agency…….

Then an EXTENSION of 3 to 4 days to use the TOP is allowable
but not more than one week.

Step 2: Go to the Law Enforcement Section (LES) where a case
number will be given to you.

Step 3: Use this case number to identify yourself at the
TRAFFIC ADJUDICATION SECTION (TAS)

Step 4: If you admit to the violation, you will be ordered to pay
the corresponding fine.

Step 4A: If you contest the validity of the violation, the
apprehending officer will be subpoenaed for a
confrontation with you with any of the TAS lawyers within
4 days to one week. Confrontation will have to be
scheduled.

Step 5: Pay the corresponding fine for which you will be issued
a corresponding official receipt.

Step 6: After paying the fine, your license will be returned to
you.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 132
Asst. Prof II

How to redeem the Driver’s License and License Plate issued with
Traffic Citation Tickets

Distribution of copies:

White - Driver

Blue - Traffic Sector

Yellow - Traffic sector

Note: If you receive a TCT your license or license plate SHOULD NOT
be confiscated.

Step 1: Go to the nearest TCT redemption section agency to pay
your fine;

Step 2: Your previous records will be checked and verified and
whether a case has been filed or not.

Step 3: Your fine will be assessed and an order of payment will
be prepared

Step 4: Your payment will be received and the cashier will issue
official receipt.

Step 5: The official receipt will be used to clear the records.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 133
Asst. Prof II

Self-Check 3.4-2

Enumerate:

1. Enumerate on How to redeem the Driver‟s License and License
Plate issued with Traffic Citation Tickets

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 134
Asst. Prof II

ANSWER KEY 3.4-2

Traffic Citation Ticket

Step 1: Go to the nearest TCT redemption section agency to pay your fine;
Step 2: Your previous records will be checked and verified and whether a

case has been filed or not.
Step 3: Your fine will be assessed and an order of payment will be prepared
Step 4: Your payment will be received and the cashier will issue official

receipt.
Step 5: The official receipt will be used to clear the records.

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 135
Asst. Prof II

CONTRIBUTOR:

1. Erwin S. Alcolia-Inst. III
2. Josefina B. Arellano
3. Sherlene B. Alasian
4. Rommel E. Esperida,
5. Michael B. Balberona,
6. Gemma G. Sasis
7. Ronald T. Solis

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 136
Asst. Prof II

ACNKOWLEDGEMENT

1. Vectorstock.com/royalty –free-vector/traffic light.com
2. http://www.safety.sign.com
3. http://www.lto.gov.ph
4. https://www.fashionbeans.com
5. https://www.lawphil.net
6. https;//newstogov.com
7. Executive Order No. 287, s 1958
8. MMDA site
9. Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01 of LTO, LTFRB, DPWD
10. https://ltoexam.com/fines-penalties
11. https://mocktheorytest.com/resources/essential-theory-

pages/attitude-and-courteous-driving/
12. http://www.mmda.gov.ph/20-faq/293-procedure-in-settling-your-

mmda-issued-traffic-violations.html
13. https://www.moneymax.ph/car-insurance/articles/lto-violations-

philippines
14. https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/complete-guideline-on-driver-

license-suspension-appeal-in-the-philippines-2665
15. https://www.lto.gov.ph/images/Transparency/Volume_1.pdf
16. https://lto.gov.ph/images/Transparency/Volume_2_v2.pdf
17. https://www.atbp.ph/2017/08/03/updated-list-traffic-violations-

fines-penalties-philippines/
18. https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=traffic-

signs&q=2&course_attempt_id=
19. Mandate/ Functions of Environmental Management Bureau

: http://emb.gov.ph/mandates-functions/

20. Greenpeace: The State of Water Resources in the Philippines
http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/ph/Global/seasia/report/2007/1
0/the-state-of-water-in-the-phil.pdf

21. Waste Segregation: http://www.doh-bin.com/Waste-segregation.html

22. Sewage Problem: https://www.rappler.com/nation/41050-sewage-
problem-denr

23. http://www.technosmarts.com/2015/04/24/the-top-10-work-values-
employers-look-for/ By Penny Loretto, Internships Expert Date Retrived:
July 23, 2020

Code No. Observing and Obeying Traffic Date: Developed: Revised by: Issued By: Page #
Rules and Regulations July 20, 2020
Jesus F. Sausa LGPC 137
Asst. Prof II