Republic of the Philippines
CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
IFUGAO PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTER
LAGAWE, IFUGAO
LAGAWE,IFUGAO
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
CONSTRUCTION
Qualification Title:
CARPENTRY NC II
Unit of Competency:
FABRICATE AND INSTALL ROOFING SYSTEM
Module Title:
FABRICATING AND INSTALLING ROOFING SYSTEM
TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
East Service Road, South Superhighway, Taguig City, Metro Manila
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL ............................... 4
LIST OF COMPETENCIES................................................................................................... 6
MODULE CONTENT ............................................................................................................ 7
LEARNING OUTCOME 1. PREPARE MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ............. 10
LEARNING EXPERIENCES............................................................................................. 11
INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-1 Using PPE....................................................... 12
SELF-CHECK NO. 7.1-1............................................................................... 15
ANSWER KEY 7.1-1 ..................................................................................... 16
INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-2 Reading and understanding drawings ............ 17
SELF-CHECK 7.1-2 ..................................................................................... 21
ANSWER KEY 7.1-2 ..................................................................................... 22
JOB SHEET 7.1-2........................................................................................ 22
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.1-2.............................................. 23
INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-3........................................................................ 24
Safe and Effective Use of Hand Tools............................................................ 24
SELF-CHECK 7.1-3 ..................................................................................... 33
LEARNING OUTCOME 2. ERECT SCAFFOLDS .............................................................. 34
LEARNING EXPERIENCES............................................................................................. 35
INFORMATION SHEET 7.2-1 Working at heights procedures....................... 36
JOB SHEET 7.2-1........................................................................................ 42
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.2-1.............................................. 43
INFORMATION SHEET 7.2-2 Assembly and erection procedures ................. 44
SELF-CHECK 7.2-2 ..................................................................................... 47
ANSWER KEY 7.2.2 ..................................................................................... 48
LEARNING OUTCOME 3. LAYOUT TRUSS LOCATION AND ELEVATION.................... 49
LEARNING EXPERIENCES............................................................................................. 50
INFORMATION SHEET 7.3-1 Green Building Concept relative to Construction
(3R/5S)........................................................................................................ 51
SELF-CHECK 7.3-1 ..................................................................................... 55
ANSWER KEY 7.3.1 ..................................................................................... 56
INFORMATION SHEET 7.3-2 Methods and Techniques In Measurements.... 57
JOB SHEET 7.3-2........................................................................................ 63
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.3-2.............................................. 64
INFORMATION SHEET 7.3-3 Communicating Effectively............................. 65
SELF-CHECK 7.3-3 ..................................................................................... 68
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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ANSWER KEY 7.3-3 ..................................................................................... 69
LEARNING OUTCOME 4 ASSEMBLE WOODEN ROOF TRUSS..................................... 70
LEARNING EXPERIENCES............................................................................................. 71
INFORMATION SHEET 7.4-1 Performing Basic Joinery ............................... 72
SELF-CHECK 7.4-1 ..................................................................................... 77
ANSWER KEY 7.4-1 ..................................................................................... 78
JOB SHEET 7.4-1........................................................................................ 79
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.4-1.............................................. 80
INFORMATION SHEET 7.4-2 Fabrication of wooden roof truss .................... 81
SELF-CHECK 7.4-2 ..................................................................................... 91
ANSWER KEY 7.4-2 ..................................................................................... 92
JOB SHEET 7.4-2........................................................................................ 93
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.4-2.............................................. 94
LEARNING OUTCOME 5. PLACE WOODEN ROOF TRUSS ASSEMBLY, PURLINS AND
FASCIA BOARD................................................................................................................. 95
LEARNING EXPERIENCES............................................................................................. 96
INFORMATION SHEET 7.5-1 Installation Procedure of Timber Truss........... 97
JOB SHEET 7.5-1...................................................................................... 100
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.5-1............................................ 101
INFORMATION SHEET 7.5-2 Lifting Procedures of Timber Truss............... 102
SELF-CHECK 7.5-2 ................................................................................... 104
ANSWER KEY 7.5.2 ................................................................................... 105
LEARNING OUTCOME 6. PLACE ROOFING SHEETS AND ACCESSORIES .............. 106
LEARNING EXPERIENCES........................................................................................... 107
INFORMATION SHEET 7.6-1 Proper Methods of Lifting and Moving Panels 108
SELF-CHECK 7.6-1 ................................................................................... 110
ANSWER KEY 7.6-1 ................................................................................... 111
INFORMATION SHEET 7.6-2 Installation Procedures of Roofing Sheets and
Accessories ................................................................................................ 112
JOB SHEET 7.6-2...................................................................................... 117
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.6-2............................................ 118
LEARNING OUTCOME 7. DISMANTLE SCAFFOLDS.................................................... 119
LEARNING EXPERIENCES........................................................................................... 120
INFORMATION SHEET 7.7-1 Dismantling Procedures ............................... 121
JOB SHEET 7.7-1...................................................................................... 123
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.7-1............................................ 124
INFORMATION SHEET 7.7-2 Ways of Improving Productivity ..................... 125
SELF-CHECK 7.7-2 ................................................................................... 128
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ANSWER KEY 7.7-2 ................................................................................... 129
LEARNING OUTCOME 8. PERFORM HOUSEKEEPING................................................ 130
LEARNING EXPERIENCES........................................................................................... 131
INFORMATION SHEET 7.8-1 Implementing 3R and 5S.............................. 132
SELF-CHECK 7.8-1 ................................................................................... 141
ANSWER KEY 7.8-1 ................................................................................... 142
INFORMATION SHEET 7.8-2 Organizing Materials to Be Stored ................. 143
SELF-CHECK 7.8-2 ................................................................................... 146
ANSWER KEY 7.8.2 ................................................................................... 147
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 148
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How to Use This Competency-Based Learning Material
Welcome to the competency-based learning material on “Fabricating and
Installing Roofing System.” This contains training materials, information sheets
and activities for you to read and accomplish.
The unit of competency covers the skills, knowledge and attitude to identify the
roles and responsibilities of a team member.
You will be required to read reference materials or information sheets and go
through some activities in order for you to achieve each learning outcome. You will
do these activities at your own face and then answer the self-check at the end of
each information sheet. If you have questions, please feel free to ask your trainer
for assistance.
Instruction Sheets:
● Information Sheet – this will provide you with information (concepts,
principles and other relevant information) needed in performing certain
activities.
● Worksheet – worksheets are the different forms that you need to fill-up in
certain activities that you performed.
Recognition of prior Learning (RPL)
You may have some knowledge and skills in this particular unit of competency
because you have had training in this area or you have worked in an industry for
sometimes.
If you feel that you already have the skills/knowledge in this competency or if you
have a certificate from previous training, you may show it to your trainer and have
your prior learning formally recognized.
A Trainee Record Book (TRB) is provided for you to record important dates, jobs
undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in providing further
details to your trainer.
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DIRECTION FOR USE OF THE CBLM
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency:
Fabricating and Installing Roofing System. This will be the source of
information for you to acquire the knowledge and skills in this particular module
with minimum supervision or help from your trainer. With the aid of this
material, you will acquire the competency independently and at your own pace.
Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training of this
unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections which covers
all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully complete in this module.
Work through all the information sheets and complete the activities in each
section. Do what is asked in the INSTRUCTIONAL SHEETS, ACTIVITY SHEETS
and complete the SELF-CHECK. Suggested references are included to supplement
the materials provided in this module.
Most probably, your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/she is
there to support you and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for help.
Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider when
you are completing activities and it is important that you listen and take notes.
Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.
Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own progress.
When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities outlined
in the module.
As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.
Your trainer gives feedback/pre-assessment reports for this reason. When you
have successfully completed each element or learning outcome, ask your trainer to
mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
When you have completed this module and feel confident that you have had
sufficient practice, your trainer will schedule you for the institutional assessment.
The result of your assessment/evaluation will be recorded in your COMPETENCY
ACHIEVEMENT RECORDS.
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CARPENTRY NC II
LIST OF COMPETENCIES
CORE COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE
NO UNIT OF COMPETENCIES Layout reference lines CON711301
1 Layout reference lines CON711302
CON711303
2 Fabricate, install and remove Fabricate, install and CON711304
CON711305
wooden formworks remove wooden formworks CON711306
CON711307
3 Install wooden door jamb, Install wooden door jamb, CON711308
window frame and panels window frame and panels
4 Install ceiling and wall Install ceiling and wall
frames and panels frames and panels
5 Fabricate and install wooden Fabricate and install
stairs wooden stairs
6 Install wooden floor supports Install wooden floor
and panels supports and panels
7 Fabricate and install Fabricate and install
roofing system roofing system
8 Fabricate and install wooden Fabricate and install
cabinet wooden cabinet
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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : FABRICATE AND INSTALL ROOFING SYSTEM
MODULE TITLE : FABRICATING AND INSTALLING ROOFING SYSTEM
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes in
fabrication and installation of roofing system (wooden
roof truss, purlins and roofing sheets & accessories).
NOMINAL DURATION : 59.5 hours
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the module you must be able to:
LO1. Prepare materials, tools and equipment
LO2. Erect scaffolds
LO3. Layout truss location and elevation
LO4. Assemble wooden roof truss
LO5. Place wooden roof truss assembly, purlins and fascia board
LO6. Place roofing sheets and accessories
LO7. Dismantle scaffolds
LO8. Perform housekeeping
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
1.2 List of materials, hand tools and equipment are secured according to job
requirements
1.3 Materials, hand tools and equipment are selected, inspected and prepared
according to job requirements.
1.4 Fabrication and staging area are prepared based on job requirements
1.5 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
1.6 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
2.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
2.2 Scaffold systems are erected and stability is ensured based on work
requirements and safety standards
2.3 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
2.4 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
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3.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
3.2 Exact location for roof truss assembly is marked based on working drawing
3.3 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations
3.4 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
4.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
4.2 Truss members are cut, assembled, fastened and fixed based on working
drawings.
4.3 Wooden roof truss assembly is placed in staging area.
4.4 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
4.5 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
5.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
5.2 Wooden roof truss assembly is lifted from staging area using lifting equipment
5.3 Wooden roof truss assembly is positioned and fixed according to job
requirements
5.4 Alignment of all installed wooden roof truss assembly are checked based on
job requirements
5.5 Purlins are installed as per required spacing
5.6 Fascia boards are installed based on job requirements
5.7 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
5.8 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
6.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
6.2 Roofing sheets and bended and hardware accessories are lifted, positioned
and fixed based on job requirements
6.3 Roofing system is checked based on job requirements
6.4 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
6.5 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
7.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
7.2 Tools for dismantling and temporary storage area are prepared
7.3 Scaffold components are removed, cleaned, sorted and stored accordingly for
re-use
7.4 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
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7.5 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
8.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080 of
Occupational Safety and Health Standards.
8.2 Excess/un-used materials are recovered and stockpiled according to company
rules and procedures
8.3 Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations (e.g.
PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
8.4 Tools and other materials are cleaned after use
8.5 Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor based
on work schedule.
PREREQUISITE : None
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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome 1. PREPARE MATERIALS, TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT
CONTENTS:
● Using PPE
● Reading and understanding drawings
● Safe and effective use of hand tools
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
● Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080
of Occupational Safety and Health Standards
● Exact location for roof truss assembly is marked based on working
drawing
● Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations
● Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor
based on work schedule.
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
● Actual or simulated workplace
● Tools, materials and equipment needed to perform the required tasks
● References and manuals
● PPE
● First Aid Kit
ASSESSMENT METHODS
● Written Examination
● Observation
● Demonstration
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1. PREPARE MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 7.1-1 Using
PPE
2. Answer self-check for 7.1-1
3. Refer your answer to answer key 7.1-1 If you have some problem on
the content of the information
4. Read Information Sheet 7.1-2 Reading sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
and understanding drawings
5. Answer self-check for 7.1-2 If you feel that you are now
6. Refer your answer to answer key 7.1-2 knowledgeable on the content
7. Do Job Sheet 7.1-2
of the information sheet, you
can now answer Self-check
provided in the module
8. Check performance using Performance
Criteria Checklist 7.1-2
9. Read Information Sheet 7.1-3 Safe and
effective use of hand tools
10. Answer self-check for 7.1-3
11. Refer your answer to answer key 7.1-3
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-1
Using PPE
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this Information Sheet, the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Identify different kinds PPE; and
2. Use PPE properly.
Introduction:
There are so many potential hazards at a construction site, and personal
protective equipment (PPE) is one of the workers’ primary lines of defense. Each
item is designed to minimize exposure to certain risks of injury or illness, as well
as the damage caused by those hazards in the event of a mishap.
Every individual construction site and job duty should be evaluated for specific
and unique dangers, and appropriate personal protective equipment required.
Some common classes of hazards at construction sites with risks that can be
mitigated with appropriated PPE include electrical, fall, chemical, harmful
dust, struck-by, penetration, caught-in and caught-between, rollover, and heat.
It’s important that workers use PPE that is properly fitted. Each piece should stay
on securely without causing discomfort or limited mobility; clothing and other
items should not be loose, as this creates dangers for tripping, getting caught in
moving parts, etc.
Below is a quick look at some basic personal protective equipment.
PPE for Construction Crews
● Hard hats – These are essential at most
construction sites. They protect against head
injuries related to swinging or falling objects,
striking the head against something, or
accidental head contact with an electrical
hazard. Hard hats should be inspected for
dents, cracks, and other damage prior to each
use; damaged ones should never be worn.
Picture taken from google
● Foot protection – This often refers to steel-toe
boots. Work boots should be worn on site that
protect against crushed toes due to heavy or
falling equipment or materials. They also need
puncture-resistant, nonslip soles, as work
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surfaces can have sharp objects on them, and slips are a major hazard at
the job site.
Image taken from Google
● Hand protection – Different types of Image taken from google
work gloves are best suited to particular
tasks and risks at construction sites. For
example, there are heavy-duty leather and
canvas gloves for protecting against cuts
and burns, welding gloves for welders,
heavy-duty rubber gloves for working with
concrete, insulated gloves with sleeves for
working with electric hazards, and
chemical-resistant gloves for working with
chemical agents.
● Work pants and work shirts – Workers should protect
their full legs, full arms, and torso against cuts,
scrapes, burns, and other superficial injuries with
thick, flexible work pants and shirts. These should fit
closely and never be baggy, while allowing for
maximum mobility.
Picture taken from
google
● Face and/or eye protection – Safety
glasses or face shields should be worn
whenever there is a danger of flying
debris or harmful dust getting in the
eyes. Cutting, grinding, welding,
chipping, and nailing are some activities
that necessitate protective eyewear. Picture taken from google
Along with basic safety glasses, some
other protective wear for the face include welding shields, chemical splash
goggles, and dust goggles.
● Hearing protection – Chainsaws,
jackhammers, and other tools and heavy
equipment create noise levels that can
damage workers’ hearing—particularly
with prolonged exposure. Pre-molded or
formable ear plugs are usually the best
bet, but acoustic foam-lined ear muffs that
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tightly seal against the head can work well too.
● Reflective/high-visibility garments – Brightly
colored and/or reflective jackets, vests, or other
upper-body clothing is important for worker
visibility. It’s generally advisable to wear it at all
times at a job site, but it’s especially crucial along
active roadways, in low lighting, and for dusk and
nighttime work. In certain circumstances, it’s
mandated by OSHA.
Picture taken from
google
Other Personal Protective Equipment
This certainly doesn’t cover all types of PPE.
Personal fall protection, for example, is an entire
class of personal protective equipment. There are
numerous varieties for all types of elevated
construction work. Respiratory protection is
another important class at sites where workers are
exposed to airborne hazards. Again, every job site
and every task must be individually assessed for Picture taken from google
potential dangers, and workers must be made to
wear appropriate personal protective equipment for the situation.
Reference:
“Basic Personal Protective Equipment” by Trekker Group (2017)
https://www.trekkergroup.com/basic-personal-protective-equipment-ppe-
construction-workers/
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SELF-CHECK NO. 7.1-1
Enumeration:
Enumerate the at least 5 kinds of PPEs needed in the construction.
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ANSWER KEY 7.1-1
Any of the following:
1. Hard hat
2. Foot protection
3. Hand protection
4. Work pants and shirts
5. Face and/or eye protector
6. Hearing protector
7. Reflector/visibility garments
8. Dust mask
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-2
Reading and understanding drawings
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this Information Sheet, the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Read drawing; and
2. Understand drawings.
Introduction:
House plans, also known as blueprints, are sets of drawings comprising lines and
symbols that define all the construction specifications of a house including
layouts, dimensions, building materials, and techniques.
A house plan is usually drawn to scale showing the actual sizes and locations of
all rooms, doors and windows, as well as plumbing, electrical, and other built in
features.
Picture taken from google
What are the components of a building plan?
Great house plans/designs must provide the following information:
1.) Site plan
This is an architectural document showing the overhead view of proposed
developments to a particular piece of land. It outlines the positioning of the house
in reference to the boundaries of the lot.
A site plan should outline location of driveways and walkways, utility services and
topographical data that specifies the slope of the terrain.
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Picture taken from google
2.) Floor plan
This is an overhead view of the completed house. Floor plans make use of parallel
lines that scale at whatever width the walls are required to be.
They also indicate the positioning and size of all the rooms, doors and windows as
well as any built-in elements such as water and plumbing fixtures. They include
notes to specify construction methods, finishes, etc.
Image taken from google
3.) Elevations
These are non-perspective drawings showing how the front, rear, right and left
sides of the completed house will look like. They specify exterior finishes, roof
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pitches, ridge heights, the positioning of the final fall of the lot and other details
necessary to give the house its exterior architectural styling. Elevations are drawn
to scale so that measurements can be taken for any aspect necessary.
Image taken from google
4.) Cross Sections
Section drawings indicate details of a part of the house cut through from roof to
foundation. They clearly show important structural elements and describe in detail
how they will be built and they also discuss how the internal finishes will look like.
They also specify the structure’s building and construction materials.
Image taken from google
5.) Material list
Though not a blue print, a material list helps in pricing and budgeting for the
entire construction process. The list gives detailed quantitative information for all
items that will be used from the major ones such as stones, cement and sand to
the small ones such as nails and framing studs.
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Reference:
“5 Elements of a building plan”
Published on October 2, 2019 By Judy Mwende
https://www.constructionkenya.com/5064/components-building-plan/
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SELF-CHECK 7.1-2
Fill-in the blanks
Write the correct word/answer in the blank as required to complete the statement
1. ___________ is an architectural document showing the overhead view of
proposed developments to a particular piece of land.
2. ___________ is an overhead view of the completed house, make use of parallel
lines that scale at whatever width the walls are required to be.
3. ____________ are non-perspective drawings showing how the front, rear, right
and left sides of the completed house will look like.
4. _____________ indicate details of a part of the house cut through from roof to
foundation. They clearly show important structural elements and describe in
detail how they will be built and they also discuss how the internal finishes
will look like.
5. _____________ list gives detailed quantitative information for all items that
will be used from the major ones such as stones, cement and sand to the
small ones such as nails and framing studs.
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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ANSWER KEY 7.1-2
1. Site plan
2. Floor plan
3. Elevations
4. Cross sections
5. Material list
JOB SHEET 7.1-2
Title: Reading and understanding drawings
Performance Objective:
Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment you should be able
prepare simple floor plan in 30 minutes.
Supplies :
● CBLM, drawing materials
Equipment:
● Set of triangles, T-Square
Materials
● Bond paper
Steps/Procedure:
1. Collect all your materials needed
2. Select the size of your structure
3. Draw the building lines
4. Draw partitions
5. Positioned the location of the doors and windows
6. Level its components
7. Give measurement specifications
Assessment Methods:
● Written
● Portfolio
● Demonstration
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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.1-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did I….
1. Collect all your materials needed?
2. Select the size of your structure?
3. Draw the building lines?
4. Draw partitions?
5. Positioned the location of the doors and windows?
6. Level its components?
7. Give measurement specifications?
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.1-3
Safe and Effective Use of Hand Tools
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this Information Sheet, the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Identify safe and effective use of hand tools; and
2. Use hand tools effective and safely T.eam.
Introduction:
Good tools can be quite an investment, but if you take good care of them, they'll
return the favor. Keeping your tools properly stored, cleaned, and maintained will
save you time and money and make your DIY endeavors that much more
rewarding.
Store Your Tools Properly
You have to work with the space you have. Maybe you hang them on pegboards,
maybe you store them in boxes, bags, or chests, or maybe you keep them in
drawers or on shelves in your shop. Whatever works for you is best.
Pegboards make a great storage system for tools. They let you see all your tools at
a glance and they can make use of wall space in a pretty efficient way. If you don't
have enough wall space, though, you can still take advantage of pegboards by
building a hinged system, a rolling pegboard, or even a portable pegboard storage
system.
Rust is public enemy number one when it comes to tools. To avoid rust when
storing your tools:
● Keep your tools in a dry place. It seems obvious, but garages and
basements and other enclosed spaces can have humidity issues, especially if
they are not heated or air-conditioned
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● Store power tools in their original cases. Unless you have a climate-
controlled workshop, your best bet for storing power tools in the hard plastic
cases they usually come with. Not only are they better-protected from
humidity, they're just better-protected in general.
● Use silica gel packs or rust collector. The silica gel packs that come in lots
of packaging are great at keeping moisture at bay. Toss them in drawers or
toolboxes and they can help keep rust away. You can also buy rust
inhibitors for the same purpose and even anti-rust liners for drawers and
shelves.
Clean Your Tools After Every Use
Cleaning your tools may be the last thing you want to do after a day of work, but
it's essential for keeping your tools in good shape. And it really only takes a few
seconds per tool unless you've got something really nasty on your hands.
Picture taken from google
● Hand tools: You can clean most hand tools by simply wiping them down
with a rag. If they're dirty, don't be afraid to give them a good wash with
soap and water. Just dry them well afterward. Spritz metal with a light coat
of degreasing materials and wipe with a clean rag (you really just want to
leave a light film on them to help keep the rust away). Wipe wooden handles
with a rag dampened with a little linseed oil.
● Power tools: Power tools are a little trickier to clean. First, make sure the
tool is unplugged before you clean it. Next, you'll want to get all the dust off.
An air compressor can be really useful for that. Wipe down the surface of the
tool and then lubricate any moving parts. Machine oil is a fine choice for
this, but you should also check the manual that came with the tool to see if
they have better recommendations.
While you're at it, don't forget that your toolboxes, belts, and bags will need some
care as well. Clean out your toolboxes every once in a while by emptying them and
wiping them down. If you've got leather belts and bags, you'll want to condition the
leather once in a while.
Inspect (and Repair) Your Tools Every Time You Use Them
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We're going to assume you use your tools safely. You wear goggles and gloves
when you should and you follow the safety protocols recommended for your power
tools. But taking the time to inspect your tools every time you use them is one of
the most important things you can do to ensure not only your safety while using
them, but the longevity of your tools as well.
Take the time to look for the following:
● Loose, cracked, or splintered handles. If a wooden handle is damaged, it
is prone to breaking during use, which can cause injury to you or others.
● Mushroomed heads on tools like chisels and wedges. A mushroomed
head is exactly what it sounds like. An striking edge that should be sharp
has gotten malformed through use. If you use a tool in this condition, the
head can shatter on impact. Fortunately, you can solve this problem
by keeping your tools sharpened.
● Corrosion and rust. Depending on the level of corrosion or rust, the tool
may be unsafe to use. Try removing the rust yourself or just replacing the
tool. Removing rust from tools is actually pretty easy if the damage isn't too
great.
● Cracked housing on power tools. If a power tool has anything more than a
simple hairline crack on the housing, don't use it. Unless you have the
expertise to repair it, you'll need to get it repaired by a professional.
● Power tools that don't start easily. If your tool needs a couple of tries to
get going or a little "push" to get the blade spinning, don't use it. Take the
time to clean and lubricate it and if that doesn't solve the problem, get it
repaired. There are some fixes you can take on yourself, such as replacing a
belt on a sander or maybe fitting in a new switch or power cord. But if you're
not 100% sure you're up to the repair, take it to a pro.
● Frayed insulation or exposed wires. Obviously, these are electrical
hazards. While some electrical tape might take care of a small problem
temporarily, it's best to have the tool repaired before using it.
Reference:
“How To Take Care of Your Tools”
By: Walter Glenn 3/13/14
https://lifehacker.com/how-to-take-care-of-your-tools-1543310658
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
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HAND and POWER TOOLS
Tools are such a common part of our lives that it is difficult to remember that they
may pose hazards. Tragically, a serious incident can occur before steps are taken
to identify and avoid or eliminate tool-related hazards.
Employees should be trained in the proper use of all tools. Workers should be able
to recognize the hazards associated with the different types of tools and the safety
precautions necessary.
Five basic safety rules can help prevent hazards associated with the use of hand
and power tools:
▪ Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.
▪ Use the right tool for the job.
▪ Examine each tool for damage before use and do not use damaged tools.
▪ Operate tools according to the manufacturers' instructions.
▪ Provide and use properly the right personal protective equipment.
Employees and employers should work together to establish safe working
procedures. If a hazardous situation is encountered, it should be brought
immediately to the attention of the proper individual for hazard abatement.
The following sections identify various types of hand and power tools and their
potential hazards. They also identify ways to prevent worker injury through proper
use of the tools and through the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
What Are the Hazards of Hand Tools?
Hand tools are tools that are powered manually. Hand tools include anything from
axes to wrenches. The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse
and improper maintenance.
Some examples include the following:
▪ If a chisel is used as a screwdriver, the tip of the chisel may break and fly
off, hitting the user or other employees.
▪ If a wooden handle on a tool, such as a hammer or an axe, is loose,
splintered, or cracked, the head of the tool may fly off and strike the user or
other employees.
▪ If the jaws of a wrench are sprung, the wrench might slip.
▪ If impact tools such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins have mushroomed
heads, the heads might shatter on impact, sending sharp fragments flying
toward the user or other employees.
The employer is responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by
employees. Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools.
Employees should be trained in the proper use and handling of tools and
equipment.
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What Are the Dangers of Power Tools?
Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles and gloves must
be worn to protect against hazards that may be encountered while using hand
tools.
Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches; they are extremely
hazardous when used improperly. The types of power tools are determined by their
power source: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder-actuated.
To prevent hazards associated with the use of power tools, workers should observe
the following general precautions:
▪ Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.
▪ Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle.
▪ Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
▪ Disconnect tools when not using them, before servicing and cleaning them,
and when changing accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters.
▪ Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe distance from the work
area.
▪ Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool.
▪ Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while
carrying a plugged-in tool.
▪ Maintain tools with care; keep them sharp and clean for best performance.
▪ Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating and changing
accessories.
▪ Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating
power tools.
▪ Wear proper apparel for the task. Loose clothing, ties, or jewelry can become
caught in moving parts.
▪ Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them: "Do Not
Use."
Guards
The exposed moving parts of power tools need to be safeguarded. Belts, gears,
shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, flywheels, chains, or other
reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of equipment must be guarded.
Machine guards, as appropriate, must be provided to protect the operator and
others from the following:
▪ Point of operation.
▪ In-running nip points.
▪ Rotating parts.
▪ Flying chips and sparks.
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Operating Controls and Switches
The following hand-held power tools must be equipped with a constant-pressure
switch or control that shuts off the power when pressure is released:
1. Drills;
2. Tappers;
3. Fastener drivers;
4. Horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels more than 2 inches
(5.08 centimeters) in diameter;
5. Disc sanders with discs greater than 2 inches (5.08 centimeters);
6. Belt sanders;
7. Reciprocating saws;
8. Saber saws,
9. Scroll saws, and
10. Jigsaws with blade shanks greater than 1/4-inch (0.63 centimeters) wide;
11. and other similar tools.
These tools also may be equipped with a "lock-on" control, if it allows the worker to
also shut off the control in a single motion using the same finger or fingers.
Other hand-held power tools such as circular saws having a blade diameter
greater than 2 inches (5.08 centimeters), chain saws, and percussion tools with no
means of holding accessories securely must be equipped with a constant-pressure
switch.
Electric Tools
Employees using electric tools must be aware of several dangers. Among the most
serious hazards are electrical burns and shocks.
Electrical shocks, which can lead to injuries such as heart failure and burns, are
among the major hazards associated with electric-powered tools. Under certain
conditions, even a small amount of electric current can result in fibrillation of the
heart and death. An electric shock also can cause the user to fall off a ladder or
other elevated work surface and be injured due to the fall.
To protect the user from shock and burns, electric tools must have a three-wire
cord with a ground and be plugged into a grounded receptacle, be double
insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer. Double-insulated
tools are available that provide protection against electrical shock without third-
wire grounding. On double-insulated tools, an internal layer of protective
insulation completely isolates the external housing of the tool.
The following general practices should be followed when using electric tools:
▪ Operate electric tools within their design limitations.
▪ Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using electric tools.
▪ Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use.
▪ Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations unless they are approved
for that purpose.
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▪ Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric tools.
▪ Ensure that cords from electric tools do not present a tripping hazard.
In the construction industry, employees who use electric tools must be protected
by ground-fault circuit interrupters or an assured equipment-grounding conductor
program.
Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools
Portable abrasive grinding, cutting, polishing, and wire buffing wheels create
special safety problems because they may throw off flying fragments. Abrasive
wheel tools must be equipped with guards that: (1) cover the spindle end, nut, and
flange projections; (2) maintain proper alignment with the wheel; and (3) do not
exceed the strength of the fastenings.
An abrasive wheel may disintegrate or explode during start-up. Allow the tool to
come up to operating speed prior to grinding or cutting. The employee should
never stand in the plane of rotation of the wheel as it accelerates to full operating
speed. Portable grinding tools need to be equipped with safety guards to protect
workers not only from the moving wheel surface, but also from flying fragments in
case of wheel breakage.
When using a powered grinder:
▪ Always use eye or face protection.
▪ Turn off the power when not in use.
▪ Never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vise.
Pneumatic Tools
Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and include chippers, drills,
hammers, and sanders. There are several dangers associated with the use of
pneumatic tools. First and foremost is the danger of getting hit by one of the tool's
attachments or by some kind of fastener the worker is using with the tool.
Pneumatic tools must be checked to see that the tools are fastened securely to the
air hose to prevent them from becoming disconnected. A short wire or positive
locking device attaching the air hose to the tool must also be used and will serve
as an added safeguard.
When using pneumatic tools, a safety clip or retainer must be installed to prevent
attachments such as chisels on a chipping hammer from being ejected during tool
operation.
Eye protection is required, and head and face protection is recommended for
employees working with pneumatic tools. Screens must also be set up to protect
nearby workers from being struck by flying fragments around chippers, riveting
guns, staplers, or air drills. Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward
anyone. Workers should never "dead-end" them against themselves or anyone else.
A chip guard must be used when compressed air is used for cleaning. Use of heavy
jackhammers can cause fatigue and strains. Heavy rubber grips reduce these
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effects by providing a secure handhold. Workers operating a jackhammer must
wear safety glasses and safety shoes that protect them against injury if the
jackhammer slips or falls. A face shield also should be used.
Liquid Fuel Tools
Fuel-powered tools are usually operated with gasoline. The most serious hazard
associated with the use of fuel-powered tools comes from fuel vapors that can
burn or explode and also give off dangerous exhaust fumes. The worker must be
careful to handle, transport, and store gas or fuel only in approved flammable
liquid containers, according to proper procedures for flammable liquids.
Before refilling a fuel-powered tool tank, the user must shut down the engine and
allow it to cool to prevent accidental ignition of hazardous vapors. When a fuel-
powered tool is used inside a closed area, effective ventilation and/or proper
respirators such as atmosphere-supplying respirators must be utilized to avoid
breathing carbon monoxide. Fire extinguishers must also be available in the area.
Powder-Actuated Tools
Powder-actuated tools operate like a loaded gun and must be treated with extreme
caution. In fact, they are so dangerous that they must be operated only by
specially trained employees.
When using powder-actuated tools, an employee must wear suitable ear, eye, and
face protection. The user must select a powder level -- high or low velocity -- that
is appropriate for the powder-actuated tool and necessary to do the work without
excessive force.
The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered
perpendicular to and concentric with the barrel to confine any fragments or
particles that are projected when the tool is fired. A tool containing a high-velocity
load must be designed not to fire unless it has this kind of safety device.
Safety precautions that must be followed when using powder-actuated tools
include the following:
▪ Do not use a tool in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
▪ Inspect the tool before using it to determine that it is clean, that all moving
parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from obstructions and has
the proper shield, guard, and attachments recommended by the
manufacturer.
▪ Do not load the tool unless it is to be used immediately.
▪ Do not leave a loaded tool unattended, especially where it would be available
to unauthorized persons.
▪ Keep hands clear of the barrel end.
▪ Never point the tool at anyone.
When using powder-actuated tools to apply fasteners, several additional
procedures must be followed:
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▪ Do not fire fasteners into material that would allow the fasteners to pass
through to the other side.
▪ Do not drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that might chip or
splatter or make the fasteners ricochet.
▪ Always use an alignment guide when shooting fasteners into existing holes.
▪ When using a high-velocity tool, do not drive fasteners more than 3 inches
(7.62 centimeters) from an unsupported edge or corner of material such as
brick or concrete.
▪ When using a high velocity tool, do not place fasteners in steel any closer
than 1/2-inch (1.27 centimeters) from an unsupported corner edge unless a
special guard, fixture, or jig is used.
Hydraulic Power Tools
The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an approved fire-resistant fluid
and must retain its operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures to
which it will be exposed. The exception to fire-resistant fluid involves all hydraulic
fluids used for the insulated sections of derrick trucks, aerial lifts, and hydraulic
tools that are used on or around energized lines. This hydraulic fluid shall be of
the insulating type.
The manufacturer's recommended safe operating pressure for hoses, valves, pipes,
filters, and other fittings must not be exceeded.
All jacks -- including lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks --
must have a stop indicator, and the stop limit must not be exceeded.
A jack should never be used to support a lifted load. Once the load has been lifted,
it must immediately be blocked up. Put a block under the base of the jack when
the foundation is not firm, and place a block between the jack cap and load if the
cap might slip.
To set up a jack, make certain of the following:
▪ The base of the jack rests on a firm, level surface;
▪ The jack is correctly centered;
▪ The jack head bears against a level surface; and
▪ The lift force is applied evenly.
Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety. All jacks must be lubricated
regularly. In addition, each jack must be inspected according to the following
schedule: (1) for jacks used continuously or intermittently at one site -- inspected
at least once every 6 months, (2) for jacks sent out of the shop for special work --
inspected when sent out and inspected when returned, and (3) for jacks subjected
to abnormal loads or shock -- inspected before use and immediately thereafter.
Reference:
“Occupational Safety and Health Administration” USA 3080 2002
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3080.html
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
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SELF-CHECK 7.1-3
Enumeration:
Write all the answers as required.
1. 1 to 5 - Give the Five basic safety rules.
2. 6 to 10 – Give at least five important points to consider checking tools
and equipment,
ANSWER KEY 7.1-3
1. 1 – 5
● Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance.
● Use the right tool for the job.
● Examine each tool for damage before use and do not use damaged tools.
● Operate tools according to the manufacturers' instructions.
● Provide and use properly the right personal protective equipment.
2. 6 – 10 (Any of the following)
● Loose, cracked, or splintered handles
● Mushroomed heads on tools like chisels and wedges
● Corrosion and rust
● Cracked housing on power tools
● Power tools that don't start easily
● Frayed insulation or exposed wires
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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome 2. ERECT SCAFFOLDS
CONTENTS:
● Working at heights procedures
● Assembly and erection procedures
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
● Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule 1080
of Occupational Safety and Health Standards
● Scaffold systems are erected and stability is ensured based on work
requirements and safety standards
● Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental regulations
(e.g. PD 1152 Section 6, 8 & 42)
● Required output is completed as specified by the immediate supervisor
based on work schedule.
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
● Actual or simulated workplace
● Tools, materials and equipment needed to perform the
required tasks
● References and manuals
● PPE
● First Aid Kit
ASSESSMENT METHODS
● Written Examination
● Observation
● Demonstration
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 2. ERECT SCAFFOLDS
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet 7.2-1 If you have some problem on the
Working at heights procedures content of the information sheet
2. Do Job Sheet 7.2-1 don’t hesitate to approach your
facilitator.
3. Check performance using
Performance Criteria Checklist 7.2-1 If you feel that you are now
knowledgeable on the content of the
4. Read Information Sheet 7.2-2
information sheet, you can now
Assembly and erection procedures
answer self-check provided in the
5. Answer Self-check for 7.2-2 module
6. Refer your answer to Answer Key
7.2-2
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.2-1
Working at heights procedures
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this Information Sheet, the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Identify and select required PPE in working at height; and
2. Use proper PPE in working at height Team.
Introduction:
Whether you work at heights every day or just once in a while, your safety focus
during those times is of utmost importance. It takes one mistake to turn a routine
task into a serious injury or fatality. You must be prepared to protect your
employees each and every time they could be exposed to a fall hazard.
What is Working at Height?
Working at height refers to any work where a person could potentially fall and
injure themselves. It could be from a ladder, a roof’s edge, through an opening on
the floor, even a loading dock can be working at height. In general industry, fall
protection is required by OSHA for any height change of 4 feet or more. Here are
ten safety tips to help mitigate the risk of working at height.
1. Use Railing
Picture taken from google
When you can, use railing. Railing is a form of Passive protection, the easiest and
most recommended way to keep your workers safe while achieving compliance.
There's no training or extra equipment needed because there's nothing that they
need to actually do to keep themselves safe (other than stay within the rail). There
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are railing system for almost every style of rooftop such as non-penetrating
railing, parapet mounted railing, metal roof railing, and more. Regardless of which
type you use, once in place, you’ll find rails to be the easiest fall protection system
to use.
2. Select the Proper PPE
If you’re going to use Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS), you need to ensure
you’re choosing the proper equipment. All full-body harnesses that meet ANSI
standards will perform the same, despite their cost.
Picture taken from google
If you have works at heights, then a standard nylon harness probably won’t have
the heat protection you need; Kevlar might be the best option. Comfort is
important, but the main concern has to be the ability to adjust the harness so it
fits the user properly, ensuring it works as designed.
Lanyards need to be properly selected as well. Depending on the height at which
you are working, a 6’ lanyard with a deceleration device may not protect your
worker. Instead, a retractable lanyard might be necessary. Each situation is
different, so you need to evaluate your working conditions and the task to be
performed in order to give your employees something that will actually protect
them.
Picture taken from google
CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
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TESDA-CAR- Fabricating and Developed by: Page 37 of 63
PTC-IFUGAO Installing Roofing Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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3. Inspect Your PPE
Great. You’ve got the equipment you need to ensure a protected work
environment. That won’t matter if the systems are worn to the point that they fail.
Harnesses and lanyards need to be inspected annually, if not more frequently, by
a competent person (one with the knowledge to recognize the hazard AND the
authority to correct it). However, PPE should be inspected by the user prior to
every use. It’s important that anyone who might be using the devices understands
what they’re looking for, what is acceptable or not, and the steps to take should
there be an issue. A pre-use check doesn’t have to take a lot of time but needs to
be thorough. This step could be the difference between life and death.
4. Ensure You Understand Fall Distance
You can wear all the fall protection equipment in the world, but if it fails to engage
before you hit something, it’s pointless. This may sound like a “common sense”
statement, but you’d be surprised at how easy it is to get this part wrong. It is not
unusual to go onto a construction site or observe a maintenance crew in a plant
and see a worker at 10-12’ off the ground wearing a 6’ lanyard with a deceleration
device. While at first glance you might think that it should work, there are a
number of reasons why it won’t.
First, you have to add 3.5’ of distance to account for the deployment of your
deceleration device. Already that means the lanyard is equal to a 9.5’ drop. Unless
you are a 6” tall person, this is some pretty bad news. Your actual fall distance
needs to not only include the length of your lanyard when deployed but also your
body length below the D-ring AND any sag in your harness and anchor system.
Count on a good 18.5’ minimum before you’re able to use a 6’ lanyard with a
deceleration device. Correctly calculate the minimum distance for fall
clearance before you need to use the system.
6. Select an Acceptable Anchor Point
By this point, you might be realizing that there are a lot of factors involved when it
comes to fall safety, especially PPE. Well, we’re just getting into it. What good is
the right harness and lanyard set up if the anchor point won’t hold the load? The
answer is none.
What constitutes an acceptable anchor point? It’s not a PVC pipe. Nor is it a
decorative piece of steel on the roof. An anchor point is only acceptable if:
● it’s designed and approved by a professional engineer that has calculated
the expected loads or
● it can clearly handle a load of 5,000 pounds.
Many fixtures are not going to withstand those forces. Structural steel using a
proper beam clamp? Sure. A manufactured roofing cart or anchor? Sure, if it’s
installed properly.
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 38 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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Picture taken from google
6. Use the Proper Equipment for Working at Heights (Scaffold vs Lift vs
Ladder)
Just as harnesses are not one-size-fits-all, neither are fall protection solutions. In
some situations, a scaffold is going to be your best solution to work at heights.
This might be for painting a house or washing low-level windows. If so, you’ll
probably be able to equip the scaffold with railing, making your fall protection
much easier to address. Other times, scaffolds will be infeasible and you’ll find
yourself on a lift. Depending on the type of lift, you may or may not need to wear a
harness and lanyard (such as when using a scissor lift). Still other times, you’ll be
using a ladder, at which point the requirements for fall protection become trickier.
We’ll talk about that further down. Portable, durable scaffolding can replace work
from a ladder, like the Easi-Dec system.
In the end, it’s important to recognize your situation and what type of elevation
system is required, whether that be a ladder, scaffold, lift, or any other solution.
7. Ensure Proper Use of Lifts
There are many ways in which something can go wrong when operating a lift, so I
won’t get into the actual operation here. However, we do need to discuss fall
protection in regards to lifts. One thing that gets missed quite often is that any
person in a boom lift, at any time or height, must be properly tied-off.
"Properly tied-off" not only means that they need to be secured to the engineered
anchor point designed for the lift, but it means that they can’t wrap their lanyard
around the rails and they need to have a lanyard that is actually going to protect
them at the height at which they are working (see fall distance above). With scissor
lifts, things are a little different. While the site you are working on or the owner of
the facility/project may require you to tie-off on a scissor lift, there is no regulatory
requirement to do so. However, the moment you forget to close your gate or secure
your chain, you are no longer protected by the rails and are now in a fall
protection violation. It’s that simple. Also, keep your feet planted firmly on the
platform. Both of them.
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 39 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
System
8. Use Ladders Properly
Don’t just assume that because you have a ladder at home, you know what you’re
doing. You know what they say about assuming? It gets people injured. Ladders lie
at the source of many industrial and workplace accidents simply because we take
their use for granted.
Ladders are familiar. You use them to hang your Christmas lights, paint the living
room, change that annoying hard to reach high-hat bulb, and clean your gutters.
We use them so often that we must know what we’re doing because we’ve never
gotten hurt before, right? Ladders are dangerous. When improperly used, they’re
REALLY dangerous. Before using a ladder, consider whether or not they are the
best solution for the task. Then make sure your employees are trained to properly
use a ladder.
It’s not as simple as you might think. For safe ladder handling, there are three
main concepts to consider.
1. Have a 3 ft. extension of the ladder past the level to which you are climbing.
2. Have a 4:1 ratio of rise and run.
o Basically, for every four feet high the ladder rises, place the base of the
ladder one foot away from the structure.
2. Ensure you have three points of contact with the ladder at all times.
o Two legs, one hand. Two hands, one leg. If you think about it, this means
you do not carry something such as a bucket up or down a ladder. This
would force you to break the three-point rule. Find another means like
pulling it up by a rope after transitioning or holding smaller items in a
belt or pocket.
9. Know When and What type of Fall Protection is Required
There are three factors to think about when considering when and what type of fall
protection is required by OSHA: frequency, duration, and location of work. When
you think about it, if you’re frequently near a fall hazard, you are in more danger
than someone who is doesn’t access that area as often. OSHA now uses two terms
that will help you determine the frequency and duration of work taking place.
1. Infrequent: Work that is performed once a month or less
2. Temporary: Simple, short-term tasks that take 2 hours or less to complete
3. Location of Work: Once you’ve determined the frequency and duration, you
will need to determine the location of the work in proximity to the hazard.
The chart below will help you choose the type of fall protection based on the
distance to the fall hazard.
LOCATION OF WORK TEMPORARY AND TEMPORARY, INFREQUENT
TO HAZARD: INFREQUENT OR NEITHER
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 40 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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Less than 6 ft. Fall protection required Fall protection required
Between 6 ft. and 15
ft. Fall protection or Fall protection required
Designated area
Greater than 15 ft.
required
Protection not required Fall protection or
Designated area required
10. Train, Train, Train
It’s been mentioned in various paragraphs above, but it can’t be stressed enough.
If you want your employees to work safely at heights, they must be properly
trained. Period. Not only is training required by law, but there is just too much
room for error and confusion when it comes to a person trying to protect
themselves at height without proper knowledge.
Falls are the leading killer in construction year after year. But, it’s not just in
construction. Many people in various other industries die from fall accidents as
well. Arm your employees with the knowledge they need to keep themselves safe.
Safely working at height requires proper training, focus, and the right safety
precautions to be in place. Taking shortcuts and becoming complacent can lead to
serious injury or fatal accidents. To learn more about what steps you can take to
mitigate your fall hazards, contact our team of fall safety experts for a free
consultation.
Reference:
“10 Safety Tips for Working at Heights in 2020” by; Simplified Safety
https://simplifiedsafety.com/blog/10-safety-tips-for-working-at-heights/
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 41 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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JOB SHEET 7.2-1
Title: Wearing Proper PPE
Performance Objective:
Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment you should be able
wear full body harness following correct procedure in 30 minutes.
Supplies:
CBLM, full body harness
Equipment:
Laptop/computer with internet connection, printer
Materials
● Writing materials
Steps/Procedure:
1. Shake Out the harness
2. Undo the buckles and release straps
3. Slip the harness over your shoulders as if you were putting on a
backpack.
4. Pull each leg strap up and fasten the buckles together
5. Make sure there is no slack. Stand up straight and adjust the
length accordingly for a snug fit.
6. Make sure the loose ends of the straps are tucked into the strap
retainers.
7. If done correctly, you should be able to fit your fingers under your
leg straps with your hand held flat.
8. Make sure that your harness is snug, but not tight. Your arms and
legs should still have full range of motion.
Assessment Method:
● Demonstration
● Oral questioning
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
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Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.2-1
CRITERIA YES NO
Did I….
1. shake Out the harness?
2. undo the buckles and release straps?
3. slip the harness in my shoulders as if I am putting on a
backpack?
4. pull each leg strap up and fasten the buckles together?
5. make sure there is no slack. Stand up straight and adjust
the length accordingly for a snug fit?
6. make sure the loose ends of the straps are tucked into the
strap retainers?
7. done correctly, I should be able to fit your fingers under my
leg straps with my hand held flat?
8. make sure that my harness is snug, but not tight. My arms
and legs should still have full range of motion?
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 43 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
System
INFORMATION SHEET 7.2-2
Assembly and erection procedures
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this Information Sheet, the trainee/student must be able to:
1. Assemble and erect scaffoldings; and
2. Check the stability of the outputs/project.
Introduction:
Erecting and dismantling scaffolds remains a high-risk activity, not only to those
carrying out the work, but to other workers and the general public.
Image taken from google
The following guide sets out steps, which need to be considered by anyone
involved with such work. It is aimed not only at those directly working in the
scaffolding industry but also to clients, planning supervisors and principal
contractors. Set out below are a number of key issues you will need to consider to
ensure scaffolding operations are undertaken safely.
Protection of the public
When scaffolding operations are in progress the public must be excluded from
both the area of work and a sufficient area around it. Steps to ensure this will
include:
● Obtaining a temporary pavement or street closure whilst operations are
carried out
● Undertaking operations in “quiet” hours i.e. early morning, at night or at
weekends
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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● Incorporating fans, crash decks and “tunnels” as early as possible into a
scaffold
● Erecting barriers and signs and diverting the public away from operations
● Storing scaffold clips and other loose materials safely on the scaffold
● Not raising or lowering materials over members of the public or other site
workers.
Image taken from google
Also consider that disabled persons need proper access along pavements covered
by scaffolding.
Scaffolders working at height
Scaffolds must follow safe systems of work to prevent people falling.
● When lifting or lowering materials, scaffolders must be clipped on or working
within a handing platform that is fully boarded, with double guard-rails and
toe boards
● A minimum 3 board working platform together with a single guard-rail is
provided as erection or dismantling works progress
● Safety harnesses to be worn a all times by scaffolders and fitted with a
1.75m length lanyard and a 55m opening scaffold hook or similar for one
handed operation
● Harnesses should be clipped on to a secure anchorage point requires the
following minimum conditions:
a. The scaffold must be tied in to a sound structure as work progresses:
b. Attachment can be made to a ledger, transom or guard-rail supported
with load bearing couplers or a transom supported by ledgers in a lift
above fixed at both ends by single couplers.
● At least one bay of a scaffold should remain boarded out as work progresses
and this should be used for ladder access for scaffolders for the full height of
the scaffold
● Safe ladder access for scaffolders should be incorporated as early as possible
into the erection process
● Scaffolders should not be clambering up and down scaffolds without proper
ladder access and safe working platforms provided on each lift being worked
on.
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 45 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
System
Stability of scaffolds
Each year there are a number of scaffold collapses across the country. To make
sure your scaffold does not collapse you should ensure that:
● The anchors specified to tie a scaffold to a structure are suitable for the base
material and that they are installed correctly
● Scaffold anchors or ties are installed as erection work progresses.
Conversely, they should not be removed too early during dismantling
operations
● More ties will be needed on a sheeted or netted scaffold to ensure it’s
stability
● Scaffolds are not overloaded with equipment, especially tube and fittings,
during erections or dismantling operations.
Training, supervision and monitoring
Effective training of scaffolders is possibly the most essential factor in preventing
accidents on site. In addition, do not forget the importance of monitoring the
scaffolding contractor. Clients, principle contractors and others in control should
take reasonable steps to ensure that any work being carried out on their site or
premises is undertaken safely. Simple steps to take include:
● Checking the training levels of scaffolders and who will supervise them on
site
● Site monitoring of scaffolders to ensure they follow proper safety standards
Reference:
“A guide to the safe erection and dismantling of scaffolding”
by: Haringey London, July 2020
https://www.haringey.gov.uk/parking-roads-and-travel/roads-and-
streets/building-near-road/scaffold-hoarding-container-and-crane-licences/guide-
safe-erection-and-dismantling-scaffolding
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
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Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 46 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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SELF-CHECK 7.2-2
Enumeration:
1. 1 to 6 – Enumerate/write at least 6 principles that a construction
crew that must follow at work to prevent people falling.
2. 7 to 10- the 4 points to always consider to ensure scaffold stability
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 47 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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ANSWER KEY 7.2.2
1. Any of the following:
● When lifting or lowering materials, scaffolders must be clipped on or
working within a handing platform that is fully boarded, with double
guard-rails and toe boards
● A minimum 3 board working platform together with a single guard-rail
is provided as erection or dismantling works progress
● Safety harnesses to be worn at all times by scaffolders and fitted with
a 1.75m length lanyard and a 55m opening scaffold hook or similar
for one handed operation
● Harnesses should be clipped on to a secure anchorage point requires
the following minimum conditions:
a. The scaffold must be tied in to a sound structure as work
progresses:
b. Attachment can be made to a ledger, transom or guard-rail
supported with load bearing couplers or a transom supported by
ledgers in a lift above fixed at both ends by single couplers.
● At least one bay of a scaffold should remain boarded out as work
progresses and this should be used for ladder access for scaffolders
for the full height of the scaffold
● Safe ladder access for scaffolders should be incorporated as early as
possible into the erection process
● Scaffolders should not be clambering up and down scaffolds without
proper ladder access and safe working platforms provided on each lift
being worked on.
2. The anchors specified to tie a scaffold to a structure are suitable for
the base material and that they are installed correctly
●
● Scaffold anchors or ties are installed as erection work progresses.
Conversely, they should not be removed too early during dismantling
● operations
●
More ties will be needed on a sheeted or netted scaffold to ensure it’s
stability
Scaffolds are not overloaded with equipment, especially tube and
fittings, during erections or dismantling operations.
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 48 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome 3. LAYOUT TRUSS LOCATION AND
ELEVATION
CONTENTS:
● Green Building Concept relative to Construction (5S)
● Methods and techniques in measurements
● Communicating effectively
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
● Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used in accordance with Rule
1080 of Occupational Safety and Health Standards
● Exact location for roof truss assembly is marked based on working
drawing
● Work area is cleaned according to safety and environmental
regulations
● Required output is completed as specified by the immediate
supervisor based on work schedule.
CONDITIONS:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
● Actual or simulated workplace
● Tools, materials and equipment needed to perform the required tasks
● References and manuals
● PPE
● First Aid Kit
ASSESSMENT METHODS
● Written Examination
● Observation
● Demonstration
TESDA-CAR- CARPENTRY NC II Date Developed: 3-20-20 Revision No.2
PTC-IFUGAO Issued by: FN LUNAG 2nd 3-20-20
Fabricating and
Installing Roofing Developed by: Page 49 of 63
Mr. Frazier N. Lunag
System
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Core Competencies UC7: Fabricating and installing roofing system
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