Core 1 - Carrying out minor vehicle maintenance and servicing

AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT

DRIVING NC II

CARRY OUT MINOR VEHICLE
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

07/13/2018 2nd revision
07/30/2020

Erwin S. Alcolia-Inst. III, Josefina B. Arellano-VIS II, Sherlene B. Alasian-Inst. III,
Rommel E. Esperida-Asst. Prof. I, Michael B. Balberona-Inst. I, Gemma G. Sasis-

Asso. Prof. III, Ronald T. Solis-Inst. III, Jesus F. Sausa, Asst Professor II

y

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in ―Carrying out minor vehicle
maintenance and servicing‖. This module contains training materials and
activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency "Carry out minor vehicle maintenance and
servicing‖ covers the knowledge, skills, and attitudes on identifying and
measuring objects based on the required performance standards. It is one
of the specialized modules required to complete the qualification Driving NC
II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. Each of the learning
outcomes is provided with Information Sheets (Reference Materials for
further reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each
learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each
module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for
each self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator
for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this learner's guide because you have:

 been working for some time

 already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you do not have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to
your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the
unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present
for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this
with your trainer.

A Record of Achievement is also provided for your trainer to
complete once you complete the module.

This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency in Preparing and displaying petits fours. This will be the source
of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 2 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or
help from your instructor.

Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to successfully
complete this module.

Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.

Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.

Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that you
listen and take notes.

You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also
your confidence.

Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.

Use the self-check at the end of each information sheet and
performance criteria checklist every after task/operation sheet to test your
own progress.

When you are ready, ask your trainer to observe you as you perform
the activities required in this module.

As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this
reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask your
trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.

When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer for the
arrangement of the schedule for an institutional assessment. Once you have
confidently demonstrated the competency you gain to your assessor he/she
will give you a Certificate of Competency on Carry out minor vehicle
maintenance and servicing. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your competency Achievement Record, Progress Chart and
Trainee’s Record Book.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 3 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 4 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

LIST OF COMPETENCIES

BASIC COMPETENCIES

No. Unit of Module Title Code
Competency 500311105
500311106
1 Participate in workplace Participating in workplace 500311107
500311108
communication communication

2 Work in team Working in team
environment environment

3 Practice career Practicing career
professionalism professionalism

Practice occupational Practicing occupational
4 health and safety health and safety practices

practices

COMMON COMPETENCIES

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
ALT723201
1 Apply Appropriate Applying Appropriate ALT723202
Sealant/Adhesive Sealant/Adhesive ALT311202

2 Move and Position Moving and Positioning ALT23203
Vehicle Vehicle

3 Perform Mensuration and Performing Mensuration

Calculation and Calculation

4 Read and Interpret and Reading and Interpreting
Apply Specifications and and Applying
Manuals Specifications and Manuals

5 Use and Apply Using and Applying ALT723204
Lubricant/Coolant Lubricant/Coolant

6 Perform shop Performing shop ALT23205
maintenance maintenance

CORE COMPETENCIES

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 5 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Carry out minor Carrying out minor ALT73348
1 vehicle maintenance vehicle maintenance and ALT832302
servicing ALT832303
and servicing
ALT832304
2 Drive Light Vehicle Driving Light Vehicle

3 Obey and Observe Traffic Obeying and Observing
Rules and Regulations Traffic Rules and
Regulations

Implement and Implementing and
Coordinating Accident–
4 Coordinate Emergency Procedures
Accident–Emergency

Procedures

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 6 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

TABLE OF CONTENT
Page No.

How To Use This Competency Based Learning Material----------------------- 2
Driving NC II ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
List Of Competencies --------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Table Of Content --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Module Content --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Learning Outcome Summary ----------------------------------------------------- 8
Learning Experiences -------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Information Sheet 1.1-1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 12
Self-Check 1.1-1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Answer Key 1.1-1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Information Sheet 1.1-2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 20
Self-Check 1.1-2 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
Answer Key 1.1-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
Task Sheet 1.1-2 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.1-2--------------------------------------------- 29
Self-Check 1.1-3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
Information Sheet 1.1-4 ------------------------------------------------------------ 36
Self-Check 1.1-4 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Answer Key 1.1-4 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
Learning Outcome Summary ------------------------------------------------------ 41

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 7 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Learning Experiences --------------------------------------------------------------- 43
Information Sheet 1.2-1 ------------------------------------------------------------ 46
Fuel System -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Self-Check 1.2-1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 49
Answer Key 1.2-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
Information Sheet 1.2-2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 51
Self-Check 1.2-2 .-------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
Answer Key 1.2-2 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Information Sheet 1.2-3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 58
Self-Check 1.2-3 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
Answer Key 1.2-3 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 64
Task Sheet No. 1.2-3 --------------------------------------------------------------- 65
Performance Criteria Checklist 1.2-3 -------------------------------------------- 66
Information Sheet 1.2-4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 67
Self-Check 1.2-4 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
Answer Key 1.2-4 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
Information Sheet 1.2-5 ----------------------------------------------------------- 74
Effective Workplace Housekeeping------------------------------------------------ 74
Self-Check 1.2-5 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 76
Information Sheet 1.2-6 ----------------------------------------------------------- 78
Answer Key 1.2-6 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 84
Information Sheet 1.2-7 ----------------------------------------------------------- 85
Self-Check 1.2-7 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
Answer Key 1.2-7 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 89

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 8 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

MODULE CONTENT

Qualification : DRIVING NC II

Unit of Competency: Carry out Minor Vehicle Maintenance and

Servicing

Module Title : Carrying Out Minor Vehicle Maintenance and

Servicing

Module Descriptor:

This unit involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to carry
out basic servicing and maintenance of a light vehicle such as cleaning the
vehicle. It also includes the action to implement the vehicle manufacturer’s
specifications for routine checks and maintenance and that the vehicle is
operational to the requirements of both the workplace and the relevant road
and traffic authority.

Summary of Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module you should be able to:

1. Clean vehicle unit; and
2. Maintain and service the vehicle system.
Assessment Criteria:

1. Clean vehicle as per prescribed procedures using appropriate
cleaning supplies, tools/ equipment and according to occupational
health and safety (OHS).

2. Dispose waste per relevant ordinance, rules or law.

3. Undertake minor routine checks based on manufacturer’s
manual.

4. Undertake minor routine repair and servicing accordance with
occupational health and safety procedures and manufacturer’s
manual.

5. Inspect brakes and undertake appropriate action in accordance
with manufacturer’s specification.

6. Identify and refer complex repair and service requirements
following workplace procedures.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 9 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

7. Keep and update records of routine servicing, maintenance in
accordance with workplace procedures.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 10 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

DETAILS OF LEARNING OUTCOME

Learning Outcome 1-Clean Vehicle Unit

Contents:

1. Clean Materials

2. Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes

3. Care and Use of Cleaning Tools and Equipment

Assessment Criteria:

1. Clean vehicle as per prescribed procedures using appropriate
cleaning supplies, tools/equipment and according to occupational
health and safety (OHS).

2. Dispose waste per relevant ordinance, rules or law.

3. Undertake minor routine checks based on manufacturer’s
manual.

4. Undertake minor routine repair and servicing accordance with
occupational health and safety procedures and manufacturer’s
manual.

5. Inspect brakes and undertake appropriate action in accordance
with manufacturer’s specification.

6. Identify and refer complex repair and service requirements
following workplace procedures.

7. Keep and update records of routine servicing, maintenance in
accordance with workplace procedures.

Conditions:

Equipment

o Light duty vehicle
Materials/ Supplies

o Soap
o Car Shampoo
o Clean water
o Absorbent Cloth Pail
Assessment Method:

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 11 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

 Written Test
 Demonstration with Oral Questioning
 Interview

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 12 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 1-Parts of Vehicle and Its Functions

Learning Activities Specific Instructions

1. Read INFORMATION SHEET Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2
1.1-2 on Cleaning Materials and answer SELF-CHECK 1.1-2.

2. Answer SELF CHECK 1.1-2 Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.1-2 Compare
on Cleaning Materials answers with the answer key. You are
required to get all answers correct. If
not, read information again to answers
all questions correctly.

3. Perform TASK SHEET 1.1-2 Refer to PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
on Cleaning Materials CHECK LIST 1.1-2. Evaluate your work
and present to your trainer for
evaluation and recording.

4. Read INFORMATION SHEET Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3 and
1.1-3 on Relevant OHS and answer SELF CHECK 1.1-3.
Proper Disposal of Waste

5. Answer SELF CHECK 1.13 Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.1-3 Compare
on Relevant OHS and Proper answers with the answer key. You are
Disposal of Waste required to get all answers correct. If
not, read information again to answers
6. Read INFORMATION SHEET all questions correctly.
1.1-4 on Care and Use of
Cleaning Tools and Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4 and
Equipment answer SELF CHECK 1.1-4.

After doing all the activities of this Learning Outcome, you are ready
to proceed to the next Learning Outcome on Maintain and Service
the Vehicle System

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 13 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

Cleaning Materials

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. identify cleaning materials according to the prescribed standard
requirement in cleaning light vehicle;

2. give examples of the prescribe cleaning materials based on the
standard requirements in cleaning light vehicle; and

3. classify the prescribe cleaning materials based on standard
requirements in cleaning light vehicle.

Introduction

Ample knowledge of the technician about car cleaning agents and
appropriate tools/equipment contribute much in order to have a well-
maintained light vehicle.

Cleaning Agents

Soap

Soap is an excellent cleanser because of its ability to act as
an emulsifying agent. An emulsifier is capable of dispersing one
liquid into another immiscible liquid. This means that while oil
(which attracts dirt) doesn't naturally mix with water, soap can
suspend oil/dirt in such a way that it can be removed.

A specially formulated car wash detergent made to remove
oil, tar, asphalt, tack, etc. from vehicle surfaces. It incorporates a
highly effective chemical extracted from the peel of oranges, limes,
and lemons. Safe to use on any painted vehicle surface. Will not
harm paint or wax finish.

Car Shampoo

Noticeable stains or foul odors are rather obvious signs that
suggest you may need to shampoo your car’s interior, but even
without these signs, shampooing your car’s interior is a good
precaution to use every now and then. Remove as much debris
from your car as possible before shampooing. Then, use special
carpet and upholstery cleaners to scrub those respective areas of the car.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 14 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

The high-quality car wash shampoos made today are very gentle on
paint, plastic and rubber. A good car wash shampoo
provides lubrication to prevent scratching and
conditioners to maintain the shine.

Absorbent Cloth

A piece of cloth used for cleaning, washing, or
dusting. Cleans car windshields bumpers and wheels. all purpose cloths for
drying, scrubbing and washing. Superior performance for lifting dirt and
grime.

Polish Polishing is a broad term for a range of
processes designed to either remove or mask sub-surface
paint defects and greatly enhance surface gloss in readiness
for sealant or wax protection. In this guide, find out about
what polishing does and why it is the secret to achieving an
amazing finish, how to assess the condition of automotive
paint, what the differences are between compounds,
polishes, glazes and chemical paint cleaners, how to polish
your paint effectively by hand, and how to polish your paint safely by
machine.

Wax Using car polish regularly will give your paintwork
a dazzling finish it also protects the paint from the elements
as well as providing long-lasting protection from things like
grime and pollution. This can help to reduce the effects of
wear and tear on your bodywork and retain your car’s value.

Air fresheners have long been regarded as an important
consumer product. The main function of an air freshener is to eliminate or
mask unpleasant odors. Air fresheners can be found in aerosol cans,
candles, gels and heat-releasing products. Generally air fresheners only
mask the existing odor by emitting a scent that is stronger than the bad
odor.

An air freshener is used to spread fragrances into the air. It works on
the basic concept that molecules are free to move
throughout the air. When the fragrance is sprayed into the
air, it tends to move freely and spread, which is usually the
main motive for using an air

Pail A Bucket (or pail) is typically a watertight, vertical
cylinder or truncated cone with an open top and a flat
bottom, usually attached to a semicircular carrying handle

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 15 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

called the bail .

Broom A broom is a cleaning tool consisting of stiff fibers attached to,
and roughly parallel to, a cylindrical handle the broomstick. It is thus a
variety of brush with a long handle. It is commonly used in combination
with a dustpan.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 16 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

SELF-CHECK 1.1-1

Cleaning Materials

Enumeration
Direction: Give 7 cleaning materials used to clean vehicle.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 17 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

ANSWER KEY 1.1-2

Cleaning Materials

Enumeration
1. Soap
2. Car shampoo
3. Absorbent cloth
4. Polish
5. Wax
6. Pail
7. Broom

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 18 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

CLEANING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. Identify the different cleaning tools and equipment to be used in
cleaning the vehicle unit.

Cleaning Tools and Equipment

Vacuum Cleaner

A vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an
air pump to create a partial vacuum to suck
up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and
optionally from other surfaces as well. The
dirt is collected by either a dust bag or a
cyclone for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners,
which are used in homes as well as in
industry, exist in a variety of sizes and
models— small battery-operated hand-held
devices, domestic central vacuum cleaners,
huge stationary industrial appliances that
can handle several hundred liters of dust
before being emptied, and self-propelled
vacuum trucks for recovery of large spills or
removal of contaminated soil.

Steam Cleaner

steam cleaners or steam vapor systems

are cleaning appliances or devices that use

steam to quickly dry, clean, and sanitize

inanimate surfaces. Often the process is

effective enough to disinfect or even sterilize

the surfaces. The steam is produced in a

boiler that heats tap water to high

temperatures (240310F/115-155C) to

produce low-pressure (several

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 19 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

atmospheres), low moisture (4 to 6% water) water vapor (steam).

Polisher

Polishing is a broad term for a range of
processes designed to either remove or mask sub-
surface paint defects and greatly enhance surface
gloss in readiness for sealant or wax protection. In
this guide, find out about what polishing does and
why it is the secret to achieving an amazing finish,
how to assess the condition of automotive paint,
what the differences are between compounds,
polishes, glazes and chemical paint cleaners, how
to polish your paint effectively by hand, and how to
polish your paint safely by machine.

Pressure Washer A pressure washer is a high
pressure mechanical sprayer that can be used to
remove loose paint, mold, grime, dust, mud, and
dirt from surfaces and objects such as buildings,
vehicles, concrete surfaces, etc. The volume of a pressure washer is
expressed in either gallons or litres per minute, often designed into the
pump and not variable. A pump's pressure,
expressed in pounds per square inch, pascals, or
bar (deprecated but in common usage), is also
designed into the pump but can be varied by
adjusting the unloader valve.

Car cleaning kits Car cleaning kits that contain
all the essentials needed to keep your car looking
shiny as new.

Hose A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to
carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are
also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually
refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more
generally tubing. The shape of a hose is usually
cylindrical (having a circular cross section).

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 20 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Car Pressure Washing Tips

Using the Right Cleaning Solution

One of the most important things when
using power car wash systems is to use the
correct cleaning solution with it. You should
only use cleaning solutions that are meant to
be used with pressure washers. Anything else
could cause damage both to the machine and
to the surface you are trying to clean. In the
end it can cause more damage than what you
were trying to clean in the first place. This
means no laundry detergent or bubble bath.

When you are done washing your car, you
want to thoroughly rinse out the tank. This is
to make sure that there is no leftover chemical residue. While the
cleaning solutions are designed to be
harmless for humans, residual chemicals
and moisture could lead to the growth of
molds or fungi.

If you have mixed the chemicals and water
properly in your tank according to the
instructions on the bottle, it should be easy to completely rinse your
tank. If you have not mixed them properly, there is likely to be more
residue than normal, meaning it might take a little extra elbow grease to
clean it out completely.

About The Pressure Washer Trigger Gun

If your hand car wash trigger gun does not go into bypass mode
correctly, the spring or ball could be to blame. Why? The trigger gun uses
a spring, ball, and seat to control water
flow. When the trigger is released, the
combined action of the spring and water
flow force the ball into place, sealing up the
seat. This stops the water flow to the
pressure washer car wash, putting the
unloader valve into by-pass mode. When
the trigger is squeezed again, the flow of water combined with the spring,
force the ball from the seat and water flows to the nozzle. Detergent
residue build-up can cause the ball or spring to malfunction. If you are

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 21 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

not able to identify one of these two problems with the spring and ball, it
may be time to take your trigger gun for servicing.

Car Pressure Washers and Tires

Car wash systems featuring self car wash options offer convenience to
those who prefer to wash a vehicle themselves, but many customers are
unaware that the pressure washer car wash can be hard on their tires. A
recent edition of Popular Mechanics advises
against using pressure washer car wash
nozzles too close to the tires, especially using
the narrow-angle feature of some hand car
wash nozzles. The problem comes when using
the spray too close to the sidewalls, where
water pressure changes can damage tire
structure. Simply lowering the pressure doesn't help, the trouble is
caused by alternating water pressure. Posting signs in the car wash
system area with a warning to keep the spray a reasonable distance from
the sidewalls protects car wash owners from complaints and possible
liability.

Safety Guidelines for Pressure Washing a Vehicle

Before starting to car pressure washing keep a few safety guidelines in
mind.

* Remove all jewelry, watches and rings from your hands to prevent
scratching or injuring yourself.
* Do not use a ladder since the back kick of the pressure washer could
knock you off.
* Never point the power washer at another person. Although the nozzle
may look like a spray gun, it is very powerful and can hurt a person. * Do
not attempt to rinse your feet or hands with the jet since it will peel your
skin right off.
* Wear protective eyeware and wet weather
clothing to stay dry while you power wash
your vehicle.

Steps in Cleaning Vehicle Unit

1. Park the car out of direct sunlight.
This prevents premature drying which can leave splotches on the paint

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 22 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

2. Fill a bucket with water and add car
wash soap in the quantity directed on its bottle.

3. Fill another bucket with plain water.

4. Hose off the car to loosen the dirt.
Don’t uses a strong jet, as this can rub girt over
the paint and scratch it.

5. Soak a large wash mitt on sponge in
the soapy water; begin applying it to the car. Do not use a brush on the
car body, this will leave little scratches.

6. Wash the car section by section,
starting at the top. Circle around the car several
times, washing lower areas with each round.

7. Rinse the dirt out of the wash mitt
or sponge in the. Bucket with plain water
frequently.

8. After one section is washed, rinse it

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 23 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

with the hose moving on. You don’t want the soap to dry on the paint
and stain it.

9. As you progress, keep the entire
car wet, as this will prevent droplets from
drying on the paint and leaving water- spots.
You want to be to dry the car with towels before
it airs dries.

10.Scrub the lower body and the wheel last, as these are the
dirtiest, grittiest parts. It is a good idea to use a separate wash mitt or
sponge on the bottom.

11.Use a long, skinny wheel- brush
for cleaning the openings of the wheels. If the
wheels are very glossy, instead use a sponge or
a mitt to clean them just as you would the car
body after hosing off as much of the extra dirt.

12.Clean the tire sidewalls with a
plastic brush

13.At some point rinse sidewalls with a
plastic brush. From various angles, with a spray nozzle. This is
particularly important when the car has been exposed to salt

14.Dry the vehicle with fresh towels

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 24 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

TASK SHEET 1.1-2

Title: Clean Vehicle Unit

Performance Objective: Given the appropriate equipment, supplies and
materials, YOU MUST be able to clean vehicle unit according to Occupational
Health and Safety (OHS).

Supplies/Materials: Clean water, soap, sponge, hose, absorbent cloth, pail

Equipment: Light vehicle

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 25 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Steps/Procedure:

1. Park the car out of direct sunlight. This prevents premature drying
which can leave splotches on the paint

2. Fill a bucket with water and add car wash soap in the quantity
directed on its bottle.

3. Fill another bucket with plain water.

4. Hose off the car to loosen the dirt. Don’t uses a strong jet, as this can
rub girt over the paint and scratch it.

5. Soak a large wash mitt on sponge in the soapy water; begin applying
it to the car. Do not use a brush on the car body, this will leave little scratches.

6. Wash the car section by section, starting at the top. Circle around the
car several times, washing lower areas with each round.

7. Rinse the dirt out of the wash mitt or sponge in the. Bucket with
plain water frequently.

8. After one section is washed, rinse it with the hose moving on. You
don’t want the soap to dry on the paint and stain it.

9. As you progress, keep the entire car wet, as this will prevent droplets
from drying on the paint and leaving water- spots. You want to be to dry the car
with towels before it airs dries.

10. Scrub the lower body and the wheel last, as these are the dirtiest,
grittiest parts. It is a good idea to use a separate wash mitt or sponge on the
bottom.

11. Use a long, skinny wheel- brush for cleaning the openings of the
wheels. If the wheels are very glossy, instead use a sponge or a mitt to clean
them just as you would the car body after hosing off as much of the extra dirt.

12. Clean the tire sidewalls with a plastic brush.

13. At some point rinse sidewalls with a plastic brush. From various
angles, with a spray nozzle. This is particularly important when the car has
been exposed to salt

14. Dry the vehicle with fresh towels.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 26 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-2

Cleaning Vehicle Unit

Trainee’s Name: ____________________________ Date: _______________
CRITERIA YES NO

Did I? . . .

1. park the car out of direct sunlight?

2. set everything you will need near the car?

3. fill a bucket with water and add carwash soap?

4. fill another bucket with plain water?

5. hose off the car to loosen the dirt?

6. soak a large wash mitt or sponge in the soapy water?

7. wash the car section by section starting at the top?

8. rinse the dirt out of the wash mitt or sponge in the bucket
with plain water frequently?

9. wash; rinse it with the hose before moving on?

10. keep the entire car wet?

11. scrub the lower body and wheel last?

12. use a long skinny wheel-brush for cleaning the openings
of the wheels?

13. clean the tire sidewalls with a plastic brush?

14. rinse the bottom of the car?

15. dry the vehicle with fresh towels?
Comments/Suggestions:

Trainer’s Name: ________________________ Date: ______________

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 27 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3

Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able
to:

1. identify the Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes;

2. discuss the Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes;

3. categorize the Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes.

Introduction

Keeping your auto shop tidy begins with
understanding the big picture. From garage
layout ideas that acknowledge the areas that
might get greasy and oily to carving out spots
to stay spotless, we know auto shop
organization is not only productive, it helps
employees and customers to see how much
you care about your business.

These ten tips can help make cleaning
an auto garage a snap.

Out Front

Customers are your business’ lifeblood,
so make sure the customer areas are always
kept clean and inviting. Remember:

1. Keep the bathroom clean — Auto shops are infamous for
unpleasant bathrooms, so strive to ensure your facilities are checked a
few times a day, even if you engage a cleaning service; customers expect
cleanliness and sanitary bathrooms

2. Schedule cleaning times — Whether it is the shop
manager or a rotating crew from the bays, someone needs to keep the
customer waiting area tidy throughout the day; this same concept will
apply to the work areas

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 28 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

3. Hire professional cleaners — A cleaning service to come in
after hours can keep the customer area looking great, even if you only
schedule them for twice a week

Work Areas

Every mechanic should be responsible for cleaning her or his
work area as the work unfolds (tip #4). As tempting as it is to simply
leave behind greasy tools, empty equipment boxes or dirty rags to move
on to the next paying job, your garage will quickly look shabby very
quickly if everyone does so.

When every employee is responsible for her or his own area,
nobody can make excuses about being too busy or doing someone else’s
job for them.

Here are some other tips:

1 Keep inventory well stocked

2 Provide enough hand tools for everyone to prevent
wasted time waiting for shared tools

3 Provide proper tool storage and security, so no hand
tools or power tools are lost or stolen

4 Do not overlook the larger equipment, like floor
cranes or air compressors; they need regular cleaning even if they are
shared by everyone

Mobile Storage

An ideal way to keep often-used items like oil filters, bolts,
springs, trim screws and clevis pins is with mobile storage (Tip #9).
Items that are shared among bays can be available to all your
mechanics. Mobile storage also helps keep horizontal work surfaces
clear, so benches do not get cluttered up with jars, bins, and boxes.

With every mechanic responsible for his or her own work area,
you need to ensure they have the tools and equipment they need (Tip
#10). Turn to the complete selection of tools, equipment and supplies
from Mechanic Outlet.

Whether in search of an 850-piece mechanic’s tool set or just a
humble rolling work seat, you will find everything you need to keep
your shop clean, productive, and tidy at Mechanic Outlet.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 29 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

How to Properly Store Motor Oil

Some drivers like to store oil for future oil changing needs. Keep
the container sealed and in a cool, dark place to make your oil last
longer.

Some
drivers like to stock
up on motor oil for
their future oil
changing needs. By
storing motor oil
according to its
manufacturer’s
directions, you can
prolong its shelf life
for up to 5 years. Typically, manufacturers recommend that you store the
motor oil at a temperature between 40 degrees and 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
Although motor oils contain additives that keep them stable at temperatures
below 0ºF or above 100ºF, extreme fluctuations can affect their viscosity or
thickness and, therefore, their ability to protect your engine.

If the viscosity or thickness of the motor oil is too high, it will
not be able to flow freely and reach all the components of the engine. On
the other hand, if the motor oil viscosity is too thin, it will not be able to
coat the parts of the engine effectively and prevent friction when the
engine functions.

Precautions to take when storing motor oil

• If the container or bottle of the motor oil remains
sealed and unopened, it will last longer.

• Store the motor oil in a dry environment. Moisture
entering the container reacts with the oil and creates solid particles that
contaminate the oil. Microbes can also form in the motor oil.

• Protect the container from dust so the quality of the
motor oil does not degenerate.

• It is essential that you store containers away from
sources of high heat and fire hazards. Motor oil belongs to the category
of Class II flammable hazard. This indicates that it has a flash point of
between 420 and 485ºF, making it susceptible to catching fire at high
temperatures.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 30 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Keep in mind

• If your motor oil contains rust inhibitors, it will have a
shorter shelf life and you need to use it up within a short time.

• Used containers have vacant space in them. At high storage
temperatures, air exits out of the bottle of motor oil. At low
temperatures, air is sucked into the container. Water condensing in the
bottle as a result can transfer into the engine when you use the motor
oil.

• Undisturbed bottles of motor oil can develop some amount
of sedimentation but that will not affect its usability or effectiveness.

Storing and disposing of used motor oil

Used motor oil contains several contaminants and impurities
that can cause serious damage to the environment if not stored and
disposed of properly. You can deposit the used motor oil at the
appropriate facilities or service stations for recycling and refining.
However, before you do, be sure to take the proper precautions when
storing the containers.

• Never allow motor oil to spill on the ground.

• Store the used motor oil in clean, plastic containers
or tanks after checking them carefully for leaks, or rust.

• Make sure you label each container or tank carefully
as ―Used Motor

Oil.‖

• If you’re storing used motor oil for a longer period,
make sure you conduct regular checks on the containers for
deterioration.

• Never store used motor oil in containers that
previously held food, beverages or any other chemicals.

• Take care that the used motor oil does not mix with
paint, solvents or antifreeze.

• Make sure that the storage area is secure and does
not present a safety hazard for people living or working around it.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 31 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

SELF-CHECK 1.1-3

Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes

Enumeration:
Direction: Give 5 tips on how to maintain the shop cleanliness

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 32 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

ANSWER KEY 1.1-3

Relevant OHS and Proper Disposal of Wastes

Enumeration:
1. Keep the bathroom clean
2. Schedule the cleaning time
3. Hire professional cleaners

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 33 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

4. Keep inventory well stocked

5. Provide enough hand tools for everyone to prevent wasted
time waiting time waiting for shared tools

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4

Care of Cleaning Tool and Equipment

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. identify the care and use of cleaning tools and equipment;
2. discuss the care and use of cleaning tools and equipment;
3. categorize the care and use of cleaning tools and equipment.

Introduction

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 34 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

The last part of cleaning a vehicle unit element is that technician
should always know how to clean the tools and equipment that has been
used in cleaning of the light vehicle.

1. Stay on top of large machinery operator training

Many types of large machinery have
multiple operators. One of the ongoing
inspections on any checklist should be
overseeing the correct operation of the
equipment.

Large machinery should be inspected
as soon as it is purchased. Operator
training is usually done at that point, but
training needs to be kept up. Employees
come and go, skills become rusty and poor
operation leads to breakdowns.

Operator manuals can be revised for the specific work situation. They
can be rewritten in simpler language. A short manual can be provided to
each operator for easy reference. And, if you operate in a paperless
environment, you can rest assured operators use the most current version
of each manual.

One other note is to identify best practices, which can then be applied
to other facilities or geographic locations. The knowledge you learn about
how to maintain your equipment can become quite valuable – be sure to
best leverage this important knowledge and use it at every applicable
location.

2. Add and test lubricants frequently
Lubricants reduce friction around any moving part. A schedule of

good lubrication maintenance extends the life of large machinery equipment
and parts.

Lubrication is one of the first and most important of maintenance
checks. Look for signs of excess oil or grease build-up on pistons. Check for
leaks around oil seals.

Be sure to use the right lubricant. There are specific kinds of
oil and grease for every component. Check the manufacturer’s
recommendations.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 35 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

Getting the lubricants checked is a good way to diagnose
problems with large machinery. Experts analyze particles in the used
oil. The makeup of any contaminants will indicate which part may be
suffering from wear or breakdown.

3. Check for signs of wear

Vibration, shock,

high temperatures,

friction and age all

contribute to the

breakdown of parts in

heavy machinery.

• Vibration can

come from gears and belts that are out of alignment Shock

can come from accidents and from poor operator technique

• High temperatures can come from extended use, friction,
poor lubrication and worn parts, among other reasons

• Age affects many key components. Over time, belts will
warp. Seals will dry and crack. Bolts will loosen and stretch
out of shape. Age is a factor to monitor in equipment.

Should you discover wear and tear on any moving parts within
your heavy equipment, be sure to quickly perform the necessary
replacement of any worn parts.

4. Keep large machinery clean, and maintain a clean
environment

There are many seals and filters in place on heavy machinery
to keep working parts clean and free of contamination. Seals should
be inspected regularly to make sure they’re in good condition. Filters
should be inspected and changed regularly. Breathers should be kept
clean to avoid creating a vacuum in the cab which will suck
contaminants into the cab. The electronics in the cab are susceptible
to breakdown if contaminated. This impacts the clutch, for example.

Large machinery should be stored in a shed or other building if
at all possible. Exposure to wind and weather can lead to rust and
rot. The machinery should be run periodically if it is not in use.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 36 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

5. Have a maintenance and repair schedule, and keep
good records

Fluids, tires, tracks and electrical systems are among the
components that have to be checked regularly for preventive
maintenance. Know what needs to be inspected and when. Here are
some examples.

• Power transmissions have many moving parts that need to
be maintained in top condition. Gearboxes need to be checked for
lubrication, vibration and damage to parts.

• Friction materials, seals, gaskets and bearings all need to
be inspected for wear and replaced. Gears and shafts usually last
a long time and don’t need to be replaced often, if at all.

• Drive train components need constant monitoring. Check
pulleys and vbelts on CVT transmissions for alignment and wear.
Check sprockets for correct meshing with chains and for breaks.

• Test the oil to diagnose problems. Change filters frequently.

• Bearings keep great amounts of force running smoothly and
are vital to large machinery performance. Check bearing
lubrication often. Maintaining bearings well extends their life.

• Lubricate gears frequently.

• Do a seal check to prevent bearing raceway contamination?

• Run torque checks on the bolts. Bolts can elongate and
creep over time.

SELF-CHECK 1.1-4

Care and Use of Cleaning Tool and Equipment

Enumeration:

Direction: Give 5 five tips on how to maintain operating
condition of the cleaning tools and equipment.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 37 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

ANSWER KEY 1.1-4

Care of Cleaning Tool and Equipment

Enumeration:
Direction: Enumerate the five tips on how to maintain operating
condition of cleaning tools and equipment

1. stay on top of large machinery operator training
2. add and test lubricant frequently
3. check for sign of wear
4. keep large machinery clean and maintain a clean
environment

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 38 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

5. have a maintenance and repair schedule, and keep good
records

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2
Maintain and service the vehicle system

CONTENTS:
1. Basic Principles of Operation of Vehicle System Such as
Electrical System, Fuel System, Cooling System, Steering
System, Exhaust System, tires and Brakes
2. Routine Service and Maintenance of Light Vehicle
3. Minor Routine Repair and Servicing

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 39 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

4. Diagnosis of Vehicle Faults and Irregularities and major
Repair and Service Requirements;

5. Housekeeping;

6. Writing and Documenting Service and Maintenance Reports

7. Care and Use of Tools for Routine Maintenance and
Servicing

ASSESSMENTCRITERIA:

1. Undertake minor routine checks based on manufacturer’s
manual.

2. Undertake minor routine repair and servicing in accordance
with occupational health and safety procedures and
manufacturer’s manual.

3. Inspect brakes and undertake appropriate action in
accordance with manufacturer’s specification.

4. Identify and refer complex repair and service requirements
following workplace procedures.

5. Keep and update records of routine servicing, maintenance
in accordance with workplace procedures.
CONDITIONS:
Tools

• Wrench
• Screw drivers
• Multi tester
Equipment

• Vacuum cleaner
• Steam cleaner
• Mop and basket
• Pail
• Polisher
• Broom

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 40 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

• Hose
• Pressure Washer
Materials/ Supplies

• Soap
• Car Shampoo
• Clean water
• Absorbent Cloth Pail
METHODOLOGY:

• Individualize
• Discussion
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

• Observation
• Interview
• Written Examination
• Demonstration of practical skills

DETAILS OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME #2

Maintain and Service Vehicle System

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 41 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

1. Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2- Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1.
1 on Basic Principles of and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-1.
Operation of Vehicle System
Such as Electrical System, Fuel
System, Cooling System,
Steering System, Exhaust
System, tires and Brakes.

2. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-1 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-1
Basic Principles of Operation of Compare answer with the answer
Vehicle System Such as key. You are required to get all
Electrical System, Fuel System, answers correct. If not, read
Cooling System, Steering information again to answers all
System, Exhaust System, tires questions correctly.
and
Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-2
Brakes. and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-2.

3. Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-
2 on Routine Service and
Maintenance of Light Vehicle.

4. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-2 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-2
Compare answer with the answer
Routine Service and key. You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read
Maintenance of Light Vehicle. information again to answers all
questions correctly.

5. Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2- Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-3
3 on Minor Routine Repair and and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-3.
Servicing.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 42 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

6. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-3 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-3
Minor Routine Repair and Compare answer with the answer
Servicing. key. You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read
information again to answers all
questions correctly.

7. Perform TASK SHEET 1.2-3 on Refer to PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Minor Routine Repair and CHECK LIST 1.2-3 evaluate your
Servicing. work and present to your trainer
for evaluation and recording.
8. Read INFORMATION SHEET
1.2-4 on Diagnosis of Vehicle Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-4
Faults and Irregularities and and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-4.
major Repair and Service
Requirements.

9. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-4 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-4
Diagnosis of Vehicle Faults and Compare answer with the answer
Irregularities and major Repair key. You are required to get all
and Service Requirements. answers correct. If not, read
information again to answers all
questions correctly.

10. Read INFORMATION SHEET Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-5

1.2-5 on Housekeeping. and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-5.

11. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-5 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-5

Housekeeping. Compare answer with the answer

key. You are required to get all

answers correct. If not, read

information again to answers all

questions correctly.

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 43 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

12. Read INFORMATION SHEET Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-6
1.2-6 on Writing and and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-6.
Documenting Service and
Maintenance Reports.

13. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-6 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-6
Writing and Documenting Compare answer with the answer
Service and Maintenance key. You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read
Reports. information again to answers all
questions correctly.

14. Read INFORMATION SHEET Read INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-7
1.2-7 on Care and Use of Tools for and answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-7.
Routine Maintenance and
Servicing.

15. Answer SELF-CHECK 1.2-7 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 1.2-7
Care and Use of Tools for Compare answer with the answer
Routine Maintenance and key. You are required to get all
answers correct. If not, read
Servicing. information again to answers all
questions correctly.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1

Basic Principles of Operation of Electrical and Fuel System

Learning Objectives:

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 44 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. identify the Basic Principles of Operation of Vehicle System;

2. practice the Basic Principles of Operation of Vehicle System;

3. apply the Basic Principles of Operation of Vehicle System.

Introduction

Light vehicle consists of the different system. As a technician,
you should be able to identify and learn their functions in order to
operate it properly.

CAR ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: THE BASICS

Today’s vehicles are made
up of a number of systems
working together in harmony. It
would be impossible to remove
one of these systems (fuel, for
example) and still have a car that
drives. So while you can’t
necessarily say the car electrical
system is the ―most important,‖ it does come pretty close —
especially as the technology veers toward a hybrid and electric
future.

Here is a quick overview of electrical system components and a
look into how conventional gas engine-powered vehicles use
electricity.

It’s Electric

―Electricity‖ refers to electron flow through a circuit where one
end is positive and the other negative. Actually, every object has an
electrical charge, but most are so small they are impossible to detect.
To power something like a motor, we have developed man made
chemical cells with high electric potential: batteries. Batteries in turn
lend power to starting, charging and security systems, lights, ABS,
computers, sensors, climate control and onboard accessories. They
are probably the first thing you think of when you hear about

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 45 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

electricity in automotive applications, but batteries are far from alone
in running the system.

AC/DC

There are two types of electricity, alternating current (AC) and
direct current (DC). When batteries discharge they emit a constant
DC power in one direction, supplying electricity through the positive
terminal to the negative. Most automotive components require this
DC charge to work properly, but it is limited because batteries will
eventually discharge completely, with no remaining power to give.

To address this problem, cars also have alternators.
Alternators are actually small generators capable of turning
mechanical into electrical energy. Driven by the engine belt,
alternators use a small signal from the battery to energize a field
current that turns a rotor inside a set of stators. Since this energy is
driven by the polarity of magnetic fields, the current produced as a
result changes direction as the rotor turns, producing current in
opposite or alternating directions (hence AC). Alternators produce
significantly higher currents than initially supplied by the battery, so
they are used to recharge the battery itself and power other electrical
components.

FUEL SYSTEM

The function of the vehicle fuel
system is to store and supply fuel
to the engine. The engine intake
system is where the fuel is mixed
with air, atomized, and vaporized.
Then it can be compressed in the
engine cylinder and ignited to
produce energy or power. Although
fuel systems vary from engine to
engine, all systems are the same in that they must supply fuel to the
combustion chamber and control the amount of fuel supplied in
relation to the amount of air.

The fuel is stored in the fuel tank and the fuel pump draws fuel from
the tank. It then travels through the fuel lines and is delivered it
through a fuel filter to the fuel injectors (carburetors and throttle
body injection were used on older vehicles). As the fuel is delivered,

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 46 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

the final conditions for providing complete combustion are
atomization and the spray pattern of the fuel. Atomization is
accomplished as a result of the injection pressure, due in part to the

diameter of the holes in the injector. The spacing, angle and number
of holes in the injector tip determine the spray pattern.

Depending on whether your vehicles fuel system is a return
type or return less type system, the fuel pressure is regulated
differently. A return type system has a fuel pressure regulator that
varies the fuel pressure based on the amount of vacuum from the

intake system. This is so the amount of fuel pressure and flow of fuel
as it reaches the injectors remains consistently the same. Whereas a
return less type system uses the powertrain control module (PCM) to
regulate fuel delivery. There is a fuel pressure sensor mounted to the

supply rail of the fuel injectors to
allow the PCM to monitor fuel
pressure. When the fuel pressure
and flow starts to drop due to

increase of engine speed or load the
PCM compensates by increasing
injector duration and/or operating
speed of the fuel pump.

The basic symptoms of any type of

vehicle fuel system that is showing

signs of wear or deterioration are:

• Difficult Engine

Starting

• Slow or Hesitation at Acceleration

• Stalling While Driving

• Intermittent Power Loss

• Check Engine Light or Service Engine Soon Light
Illuminated

• Engine Idling Rough

• Excessive Engine Smoke

• Noticeable Fuel Odors

• Decreased Fuel Economy

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 47 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

If you notice any of these types of symptoms, we recommend
having it checked out before something fails on your vehicle and
leaves you stranded.

The fuel pressure, flow and operation of the fuel system
components will need to be tested in order to diagnose the problem.

Maintenance on the fuel system is pretty simple. The main
component is to keep clean fresh fuel in your vehicle. Contamination
and debris are the number one cause of fuel system failures. If your
vehicle is equipped with an inline fuel filter it is recommended that
the filter is replaced on a yearly basis or approximately every 15,000
miles. Having the fuel system cleaned approximately every 20,000
miles with a professional decarboning and fuel system cleaning
service to keep the buildup of fuel byproducts to a minimum.

SELF-CHECK 1.2-1

Basic Principles of Operation of Electrical and Fuel

System

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 48 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

True or False:

Direction: Read the following statements and tell whether it is
correct or not. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the
statement is wrong. Write your answer in a ¼ sheet of pad paper.

1. Contamination and debris are the number one cause of
fuel system failures.

2. The fuel is stored in the fuel tank and the fuel pump
draws fuel from the tank.

3. There are three types of electricity, alternating current
(AC) and direct current (DC) and alternating direct (AD).

4. ―Electricity‖ refers to electron flow through a circuit
where one end is positive and the other negative.

5. Alternators produce significantly higher currents than
initially supplied by the battery, so they are used to
recharge the battery itself and power other electrical
components.

ANSWER KEY 1.2-1

Basic Principles of Operation of Electrical and Fuel System

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 49 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College

True or False:
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T

Date Revised: Document No.
July 30, 2020
Driving NC II Issued by:
Carrying out minor Revised by:
TESDA vehicle maintenance Jesus F. Sausa Leon Ganzon Page 50 of 92
QA SYSTEM Asst Professor II Polytechnic
and servicing
College