Machine Tools World May 2026

Volume 11 No. 12 | MAY 2026 | ` 500 Pages 76 | RNI No. MAHENG/2015/64267TOP STORIESAll About Spindles: The Heartbeat of Modern Machine ToolsNew Benchmarksin Machining Precision 09 09 02 2024 500NATHEEMNational Head - Metalworking DivisionMolygraph LubricantsGlobal Leadershipin SPECIALTYLUBRICANTS

Volume 11 No. 12 | MAY 2026 | ` 500 Pages 76 | RNI No. MAHENG/2015/64267

2 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comINTEC 2026 to be a significant catalyst, setting new benchmarks in smart manufacturingINTEC 2026, the 21st edition of South India’s premier industrial trade fair, is set to take place from June 4–8, 2026 at the CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex, Coimbatore. Organized by CODISSIA, the event has steadily evolved into a benchmark platform for the engineering and manufacturing sectors, drawing strong participation from both domestic and global industries. Building on the success of its previous editions, INTEC 2026 is expected to host over 600 exhibitors across more than 1,100 booths, representing around 200 product categories. The exhibition will span key domains such as machine tools, CNC systems, industrial automation, robotics, precision tools, metal forming, and smart manufacturing technologies. The theme of advanced manufacturing with cost-effective machinery underlines the show’s focus on productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness—critical imperatives for India’s manufacturing growth. The event will showcase cutting-edge solutions aimed at enhancing operational excellence, reducing production costs, and enabling digital transformation in factories. INTEC 2026 will also serve as a vital B2B networking hub, bringing together industry leaders, decisionmakers, technology providers, and buyers under one roof. Live demonstrations, product launches, and business matchmaking sessions are expected to offer valuable opportunities for collaboration and partnerships. With participation from multiple countries and strong support from industry bodies and government institutions, the exhibition continues to reinforce its global relevance. The strategic location of Coimbatore—one of India’s key industrial hubs—further enhances its appeal as a meeting ground for manufacturing excellence. As India accelerates its push towards advanced manufacturing and self-reliance, INTEC 2026 promises to be a significant catalyst—showcasing innovation, fostering industry connections, and setting new benchmarks in industrial technology.DisclaimerThis is to state and notify that while all reasonable efforts have been made by the Publisher Company to avoid errors or omissions in this publication, some mistakes or errors and omissions may invariably creep in. Any mistake, error or discrepancy so identified and noted may be brought to our notice, which shall addressed in the next edition of the publication. 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Breach of this condition shall cause liability for legal action.All disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts at Mumbai, India.PublisherShilpa Shekhar DongreAssociate EditorP.K. BalasubramanianMarketing Team Y. V. Raghu (National Marketing Head)Ladoji Pendurkar, BalaPrint & Online DivisionRajesh Kamble, Sanjay Shetty, Bhagyashree Kamble Digital Marketing Ganesh Gavhane, Milind Sawant, Pooja Soni, Abhishekh KadamCirculation ExecutiveSatish Kadam, Suraj More, Jitendra Ingle, KundalikBranch Offices (Zonal)SOUTH Chennai & BangaloreY. V. Raghu : 09566141224Coimbatore & KochiBala : 08451867651NORTHAarti Sony : 09819614016EAST Ladoji P.: 09892198540WEST Shilpa Dongre : 09833373371Printed & Published by Divya Media Publications Pvt. Ltd. Printed at Synthesis Media & Communication Pvt. Ltd.: 1209/A, Kailas Business Park, Veer Savarkar Road, Vikhroli West, Mumbai, Pin: 400079. 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4 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comContents MAY 202610 Die & Mould India 2026 – A Spectacular Technology Show!12 UCIMU: IN THE FIRST QUARTER 2026 MACHINE TOOL ORDERS ON THE RISE (+3.1%) FOREIGN ORDERS (+28.9%); DOMESTIC ORDERS (-28.8%)21 LMW Receives EEPC India National Award for Export Excellence for the Second Consecutive Year16 NORD DRIVESYSTEMS at SPS Italia 2026: intelligent drive solutions for the connected factoryBUSINESS NEWSAll About Spindles: The Heartbeat of Modern Machine ToolsHow domestic manufacturing of basic monolithics transforms steel industry supply chainsMachine Tools for Defence Production ---An OverviewAir Turbine Tools Faster Finishes, Smarter Spindles Unlocking the Full Potential of Five-Axis Machining with High-Speed SpindlesPVD Coatings in Metal FormingThe Cutting Edge: How Wenzel Metal Spinning Enhances Efficiency and Precision with Prima Power’s 5-Axis Laser Technology264438484254COVER STORYGlobal Leadership in Specialty LubricantsTECH INNOVATION CASE STUDYTOP STORIES SPECIAL FEATURE PROCESS UPDATENATHEEMNational Head - Metalworking DivisionMolygraph Lubricants 22

6 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comAAir Turbine Tools 48AMTS 2026 20CCalderys APAC Region 44DDie & Mould India 2026 10Dijet Industrial 64GGridRaster 58GROB India 60LLMW Limited 21MMolygraph Lubricants 22Meco Instruments 52MVtec 17NNORD DRIVESYSTEMS 16PPAC Strapping Products, Inc. 52POLARIS INDIA 18SSurface Modification Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 42Seco Tools 17TTakasu seiki 65UUCIMU 12WWenzel Metal 54Editorial BoardEDITORIAL INDEXRajesh T. GhashiManaging DirectorChiron India Machine Tools Pvt. Ltd.Arvind Khadke,Corporate Consultant,Orient ToolsAmit Salunkhe General Manager,Zoller India Pvt. Ltd.Pravin Shirse Country President, and Managing Director- India and associated countries Oerlikon Balzers Coating India Pvt. LtdArun MahajanGeneral ManagerAMT- The Association For Manufacturing TechnologyMohini KelkarDirector (Sales & Marketing)Grind Master Machines Pvt. Ltd.Vijay ChopdaFounder & CEO,KTA SPINDLE TOOLINGSL.J. NaiduManaging Director,Grob Machine Tools IndiaPvt. LtdRupesh PaparajuManaging Director,Bettinelli Automation Components Pvt. Ltd.Jagat J DalwadiDy. General Manager99MNHance Industrial ServicesSantosh TipaleAsst.General ManagerProduct Sales & SupportMotherson Techno Tools LtdB.V. ShyamManaging Director,BLUM-Novotest Measuring & Testing Technology Pvt. Ltd.Jhumpa MukherjeeMarketing Strategist & ConsultantRajesh NathManaging DirectorVDMA India Services Pvt. Ltd. German Engineering Federation (VDMA)P.K. Balasubramanian,Associate EditorDivya Media Publication Pvt. Ltd.

10 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comBUSINESS NEWSDie & Mould India 2026 – A Spectacular Technology Show!The 14th Die & Mould India International Exhibition was held from April 21–24, 2026 at the BEC, Mumbai. Organized by the TAGMA India, the biennial event reaffirmed its position as India’s largest and most influential platform for the die, mould, and tooling industry. The exhibition witnessed strong participation from both domestic and international players, with over 300 exhibitors and tens of thousands of business visitors from multiple manufacturing sectors such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, plastics, and engineering. Global participation included companies from countries like Germany, Italy, Japan, China, and Korea, underlining the event’s growing international relevance. The exhibition featured a comprehensive display of advanced tooling and manufacturing technologies, including: CNC machining and EDM systems, Additive manufacturing (3D printing), CAD/CAM/CAE software, Injection moulding and die-casting solutions, and Heat treatment, inspection, and quality systems Live demonstrations and product launches highlighted innovations aimed at improving precision, productivity, and sustainability in tooling operations. Beyond the exhibition floor, the event hosted technical seminars, panel discussions, and B2B meetings, offering insights into trends such as Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, and sustainable tooling practices. The dedicated B2B pavilion enabled direct interaction between toolmakers, OEMs, and Tier-1 suppliers, fostering collaborations and business expansion. Die & Mould India continues to serve as a strategic platform for technology exchange, sourcing, and partnership-building across the tooling ecosystem. With a strong legacy of previous editions attracting over 38,000 visitors and multiple product launches, the 2026 edition further strengthened India’s position as a global hub for precision tooling and manufacturing. The 2026 exhibition successfully showcased the capabilities, innovations, and global competitiveness of India’s die and mould sector. It provided a vital impetus to the industry by connecting stakeholders, accelerating technology adoption, and reinforcing the “Make in India” and advanced manufacturing agenda.

Key HIGHLIGHTS OF OURNEWpvdCOATNIGRANGEJoin us inshaping thefuture ofcutting-edgeinnovation.Engineered for superior cutting accuracy and flawless performance.UNMATCHED PRECISIONEXCEPTIONAL DURABILITYEnhanced wear resistance ensures longer tool life and reliability.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGYDeveloped in SMT’s cutting-edge facilities with breakthrough advancements.MARKET-DRIVEN EXCELLENCEPurpose-built to meet and exceed the demands of shank tools and gear-cutting applications.Beschichtung GmbH Transforming Knowledge into InnovationSurface Modification Technologies Pvt. Ltd.,Unit No.9,10 & 11, Emrald premises, Waliv Phata, Sativali Road, Behind Modi Hyundai, Vasai-(East), Pin 401208, Maharashtra.www.smt.co.in I Ph. : +91 9819781842 I Email: [email protected] R&D centre of SMT Pvt. Ltd.

12 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comBUSINESS NEWSIn the first quarter of 2026, the machine tool order index, developed by the Economic Studies Department & Business Culture Centre of UCIMUSISTEMI PER PRODURRE, highlighted a 3.1% upturn compared to the period January-March 2025. The absolute value of the index stood at 87.1 (base year 2021=100). The outcome was entirely due to the manufacturers’ good performance in foreign markets, whereas order intake in the domestic market was definitely negative.In particular, the orders received from abroad increased by 28.9% versus the first quarter of 2025, totalling an absolute value of 95.9.On the contrary, order collection in Italy was down by 28.8% compared to the same period of the previous year. The absolute value of the index was 67.3.Riccardo Rosa, president of UCIMUSISTEMI PER PRODURRE, stated: “The order index in the first quarter was on the rise and this is certainly a positive figure, but by no means satisfactory for Italian manufacturers. Performances are positive abroad, but how much longer will this trend go on? Italy remains at a complete standstill, at the mercy of government announcements regarding Hyper-depreciation, which are taking a long time to arrive, just as was the case with Transition 5.0”. UCIMU: IN THE FIRST QUARTER 2026 MACHINE TOOL ORDERS ON THE RISE (+3.1%) FOREIGN ORDERS (+28.9%); DOMESTIC ORDERS (-28.8%)“Domestic demand, which is at a complete standstill, is once again negatively impacted by the “wait-and-see effect” of the incentives”By Riccardo Rosa, president of UCIMU

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 13 BUSINESS NEWSUCIMU: IN THE FIRST QUARTER 2026 MACHINE TOOL ORDERS ON THE RISE (+3.1%) FOREIGN ORDERS (+28.9%); DOMESTIC ORDERS (-28.8%)“Despite the climate of geopolitical instability we are facing daily, the rise in overseas business proves the ability of Italian manufacturers to capitalise on demand where it is most likely to materialise, by focusing on those destination areas and sectors that are most willing to invest. An important, meticulous work that our companies have been carrying on for several months, making the most of all available opportunities and expertise. However, while foreign demand is strong despite everything, it seems even more evident that stagnation in domestic demand is due to the wait for clarification on the Hyper-depreciation measure”. “How is it possible to be in the same situation as in 2025, at the mercy of our government authorities’ continuous announcements and retractions? As it was conceived, – continued Riccardo Rosa – Hyperdepreciation should support the innovation of our industry, instead of leaving companies stuck waiting in limbo between an implementation decree and a directorial decree, actually freezing transactions, which are currently numerous. Therefore, Italian users are willing to invest, but nothing will happen until all the technical details of the measure have been clarified”.“We have warmly welcomed the government’s decision to introduce a measure for the manufacturing system, such as Hyper-depreciation, covering several years, from 2026 to 2028. However, - said Rosa – this delay that will last into a good part of 2026, immediately took us back to the really frustrating experience of 5.0”. “The point is that the manufacturing sector, as the President of Confindustria, Emanuele Orsini, has already pointed out, is not only concerned about the geopolitical situation, but it is also disheartened by the sluggish pace at which representatives of government institutions are acting, both at national and European level”. “In this quarter - asserted Rosa – Italian manufacturers collected orders thanks to foreign demand, despite the difficulties mentioned above. But what would happen if the conflict in Iran should go on over time? It would no longer be a question of dealing with a total or partial closure of a market. Indeed, we would face a much worse situation. This is another reason why it is essential to take immediate action to implement all the necessary measures to bring the Hyper-depreciation incentive into effect, thus creating the right conditions for Italian companies to make the investments they intend to plan, but which are currently on hold”. “In addition to that – concluded the president of UCIMU – we ask the government authorities to advocate within Europe, the need for a strong Union that must be determined to establish shared policies and programmes, enabling us to cope with the global geopolitical instability as effectively as possible, before it may overwhelm us”.

16 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comBUSINESS NEWSNORD DRIVESYSTEMS at SPS Italia 2026:intelligent drive solutions for the connected factoryFrom May 26 to 28, 2026, SPS Italia – Smart Production Solutions in Parma returns as a key reference event for industrial automation. In this context, NORD DRIVESYSTEMS will showcase advanced drive technologies designed for increasingly interconnected, flexible, and sustainability-oriented production environments.SPS Italia – Smart Production Solutions in Parma returns as a key reference event for industrial automation. In this context, NORD DRIVESYSTEMS will showcase advanced drive technologies designed for increasingly interconnected, flexible, and sustainability-oriented production environments.Hall 3 – Booth F021.At the core of the portfolio is a comprehensive range of frequency inverters for both centralized and decentralized architectures, including the NORDAC PRO, NORDAC ON, NORDAC FLEX, and NORDAC LINK series. These modular and scalable solutions, featuring support for major industrial Ethernet protocols as well as integrated PLC and positioning functions, help reduce system complexity while increasing operational efficiency.Among the highlights is the NXD tupH® surface treatment, engineered to ensure maximum resistance to corrosion, aggressive chemicals, and intensive washdowns. It is ideally suited for industries such as food & beverage, packaging, and pharmaceuticals, enhancing reliability and operational uptime.Energy efficiency remains a key focus for NORD, with high-performance motors and the NORD ECO service supporting companies in reducing energy consumption and total cost of ownership.The portfolio is completed by digital solutions such as NORD DRIVE MONITOR, enabling data analysis and predictive maintenance strategies.At SPS Italia 2026, NORD offers a hands-on experience with live demonstrations, real application scenarios, and direct technical discussions, supporting the transition towards more efficient and connected manufacturing.

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 17 BUSINESS NEWSMVTec and ZEISS collaborate: HALCON is an integral part of the new ZEISS software platform BlockwisePowerful machine vision from MVTec as a building block for ZEISS BlockwiseParticularly in the semiconductor industry, stable and reproducible processes, high precision, and the reliable processing of large volumes of data are crucial. The integration of HALCON into Blockwise provides a strong technological foundation. The machine vision software is ideally suited to such environments because it combines a broad methodological range with industrial maturity. Companies can use both rulebased approaches and deep learning methods within a single environment. This makes it easier to address different requirements within one system and to further develop image processing solutions in the long term. Users benefit from greater flexibility in implementation, increased development efficiency, and a reliable foundation for productive use. A key strength of ZEISS Blockwise is its ability to seamlessly integrate image acquisition into the workflow of microscopes, enabling Blockwise to define the next steps directly based on captured data. This fully integrated approach ensures that image processing becomes a central part of the workflow, driving efficiency and precision. Additionally, ZEISS Blockwise offers a low entry barrier, making it accessible for users with varying levels of expertise. This combination of HALCON integration, together with flexibility, and ease of use ensures that ZEISS Blockwise provides a reliable and innovative solution for industrial value creation processes.AI technologies in MVTec HALCON enhance inspection tasksZEISS relies on MVTec HALCON, a flexible and powerful image processing software solution. As a standard software package, HALCON includes more than 2,100 operators, enabling the implementation of nearly all image processing applications. The software combines powerful technologies such as rule-based methods and deep learning-based approaches. This combination is essential wherever image processing tasks must be solved not only quickly and robustly, but also flexibly and at scale. “MVTec HALCON has already proven itself in many applications in the semiconductor and microelectronics industries. We are pleased that ZEISS has chosen HALCON as the image processing foundation for its groundbreaking Blockwise software platform. The two software products are an excellent match because they are both designed as comprehensive toolboxes. This enables users to handle a broad range of demanding measurement and inspection tasks with greater ease,” explains Klaus Schrenker, Business Development Manager at MVTec. Munich, May 7, 2026 – MVTec Software GmbH (www.mvtec.com), a leading global manufacturer of software for machine vision, and ZEISS (www.zeiss.com/blockwise) have announced a strategic collaboration. As part of this partnership, ZEISS is integrating the machine vision software MVTec HALCON as the foundation for image processing in ZEISS Blockwise, the new software platform for automated microscopy. The platform was released on April 30, 2026. Designed as a toolbox, Blockwise simplifies complex measurement and analysis tasks in electron microscopy. Customers, particularly those in the semiconductor industry, will benefit from the collaboration between ZEISS and MVTec through a powerful, future-proof solution for demanding inspection and analysis tasks that can also be performed in a highly autonomous manner.Seco® High Feed SP07 reduces inventories and maximizes productivityCapable of handling a wide mix of materials, Seco® High Feed SP07 excels in all machining strategies and allows you to push productivity levels, particularly on complex components.Apositive cutting rake angle ensures optimal chip formation, while the stable insert design and constant lead angle deliver predictable cutting behavior, paramount for unmanned production.Reduce the need for skilled laborThe SP07 addresses common industry challenges: frequent tool changes, unpredictable results, and high costs due to rapid wear. In one reliable solution, it simplifies tool management & reduces the need for skilled labor. Digital traceability via Data Matrix codes further streamlines operations, making the SP07 ideal for highvolume and unmanned production.High metal removal rates in shallow depths of cutEach insert features four cutting edges, maximizing usage and extending tool life. Even with shallow depths of cut (≤0.8 mm), the SP07 maintains high metal removal rates, ensuring manufacturers stay on track with productivity goals. The result is a significant reduction in cost per part and improved operational efficiency.“Our customers need to boost productivity and cut costs. Seco® High Feed SP07 delivers reliable, flexible performance across materials”, says Benoît Patriarca, Product Manager Copy High Feed Milling. “The four cutting edges and digital traceability simplify processes further, even when skilled labor is limited.”With its origins in Fagersta, Sweden and present in more than 75 countries, Seco is a leading global provider of metal cutting solutions for indexable milling, solid milling, turning, holemaking, threading and tooling systems. For nearly 100 years, Seco has driven excellence throughout the entire manufacturing journey, ensuring high-precision machining and high-quality output.

18 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comBUSINESS NEWSAdditive Manufacturing Market Size to Reach USD 215.49 Billion by 2034 at a 23.9% CAGR from 2026 to 2034: A Research ReportThe global additive manufacturing market is rapidly transforming the Chemicals & Materials industry as manufacturers increasingly adopt advanced 3D printing technologies to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and accelerate innovation. The market, valued at USD 31.36 billion in 2025, is projected to reach USD 215.49 billion by 2034, expanding at an impressive CAGR of 23.9% during the forecast period. The rapid shift toward digital manufacturing, lightweight material production, and customized industrial applications is positioning additive manufacturing as a core technology across aerospace, healthcare, automotive, energy, and industrial manufacturing sectors. Additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as industrial 3D printing, enables manufacturers to create components layer-by-layer directly from digital models. Unlike traditional subtractive manufacturing methods that remove material from larger blocks, additive manufacturing significantly reduces raw material waste while offering exceptional design flexibility and precision. This capability is becoming increasingly valuable for the Chemicals & Materials industry, where demand for advanced polymers, metal powders, ceramics, and composite materials continues to rise.The growing focus on lightweight and high-performance materials is one of the major growth drivers shaping the global additive manufacturing market. Aerospace and automotive manufacturers are actively integrating additive manufacturing technologies to produce lightweight components that improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Complex geometries that were previously impossible or highly expensive to manufacture using conventional methods can now be produced with greater accuracy and lower material consumption. The healthcare industry is also emerging as a major contributor to additive manufacturing market expansion. Customized implants, prosthetics, dental devices, and surgical tools are increasingly being produced using advanced 3D printing systems. Medical manufacturers are leveraging additive manufacturing to create patient-specific solutions that improve treatment outcomes and reduce production lead times. The growing use of biocompatible materials and precision manufacturing technologies is expected to further accelerate healthcare adoption worldwide.According to industry analysis, rapid prototyping remains one of the strongest application areas driving additive manufacturing adoption.

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 19 BUSINESS NEWSCompanies across multiple industries are increasingly utilizing industrial 3D printing to shorten product development cycles, reduce prototyping costs, and improve design testing capabilities. Manufacturers can now quickly develop functional prototypes and tooling components without relying on expensive molds or lengthy production processes. This flexibility is helping businesses accelerate innovation while improving operational agility. Material innovation continues to play a central role in the expansion of the additive manufacturing ecosystem. Advanced polymers, metal alloys, ceramics, and composite materials are enabling broader industrial applications across high-performance environments. Metal additive manufacturing, in particular, is gaining substantial traction in aerospace, defense, and industrial machinery applications where strength, durability, and precision are critical. The development of cost-effective, high-performance printing materials is expected to remain a major competitive factor across the industry. The integration of Industry 4.0 technologies is further strengthening market growth prospects. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, and digital twin technologies are increasingly being combined with additive manufacturing systems to improve production efficiency and predictive maintenance capabilities. Smart factories are utilizing digital manufacturing platforms to optimize workflows, enhance product customization, and reduce operational downtime. This convergence of advanced manufacturing technologies is reshaping industrial production strategies worldwide. Regionally, North America currently maintains a dominant position in the global additive manufacturing market due to strong aerospace investments, advanced industrial infrastructure, and widespread technology adoption. The United States remains a leading hub for additive manufacturing innovation, supported by significant investments in aerospace, healthcare, defense, and automotive industries. Major manufacturers across the region are actively expanding production capabilities and investing in nextgeneration industrial 3D printing technologies.Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing regional market. Countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and India are witnessing rising investments in industrial automation, electronics manufacturing, and digital production technologies. Expanding manufacturing infrastructure and growing government support for smart manufacturing initiatives are creating significant growth opportunities for additive manufacturing solution providers throughout the region.Europe is also experiencing strong market momentum due to increasing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing practices and advanced engineering applications. Automotive manufacturers and industrial equipment producers across Germany, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom are increasingly adopting additive manufacturing to improve supply chain efficiency and product innovation. The region’s strong focus on reducing material waste and carbon emissions aligns closely with the advantages offered by industrial 3D printing technologies.The competitive landscape of the additive manufacturing market remains highly dynamic as companies continue to invest in research, product development, and strategic partnerships. Leading market participants include Stratasys, 3D Systems, EOS GmbH, GE Additive, HP Inc., Desktop Metal, Markforged, and Materialise NV. These companies are actively introducing advanced printing platforms, intelligent software solutions, and high-performance materials designed for industrial-scale manufacturing environments. Recent industry developments further highlight the accelerating pace of innovation within the market. Companies are expanding metal additive manufacturing capabilities, launching advanced material solutions, and increasing investments in aerospace and defense applications. The rising adoption of sustainable manufacturing technologies and decentralized production models is expected to create additional long-term opportunities for the global additive manufacturing industry. Despite its strong growth trajectory, the market faces challenges related to high equipment costs, material expenses, and scalability limitations for mass production. However, ongoing advancements in printer speed, material availability, and automation technologies are expected to gradually overcome these barriers. As industries increasingly prioritize digital transformation, sustainability, and supply chain resilience, additive manufacturing is poised to become a cornerstone of nextgeneration industrial production.The future of the global additive manufacturing market remains highly promising as businesses continue to embrace customized manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and advanced material engineering. The growing convergence of AI-driven design, smart manufacturing systems, and innovative material science will continue driving the evolution of additive manufacturing across the Chemicals & Materials industry and beyond. Read More @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com

20 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comBUSINESS NEWSSHANGHAI, China – The Shanghai International Automotive Manufacturing Technology & Materials Exhibition (AMTS) will return to the Shanghai New International Expo Center from July 8 – 10, bringing together global automotive engineering and manufacturing professionals for its 2026 edition.Organized by RX, AMTS 2026 is expected to feature more than 850 exhibitors and attract 70,000 professional visits, including an international delegation of about 2,000 attendees. The event will present technologies and solutions spanning car body stamping, welding and joining, painting, automotive assembly, machining, materials, R&D, intelligent production logistics, testing, and quality control. This year’s exhibition will also highlight innovations in new energy vehicle (NEV) design and manufacturing.The exhibition will offer more than 20 specialized zones covering the full automotive manufacturing value chain, including future car development, vehicle design and R&D, lightweight materials, product development, powertrain and battery engineering, gigacasting, interior and exterior manufacturing, mold design, welding, stamping, laser processes, painting, automation, robotics, and smart factory logistics.AMTS 2026 will also introduce an expanded lineup of interactive workshops and technical programs. More than 50 concurrent events will facilitate knowledge exchange, business matching, and industry collaboration.For pre-registration visit: :https://www.shanghaiamts.com.cn/links?id=9127. Discover the Future of Automotive Manufacturing TechnologyAt AMTS 2026-Registration opens for July exhibition in ShanghaiNew Schmersal Webshop: faster, simpler, fully responsiveWuppertal, Germany, May 6, 2026. K.A. Schmersal GmbH & Co. KG has successfully launched its new webshop. With modern technology and significantly improved user guidance, the platform offers customers worldwide a more convenient and efficient shopping experience for products, order data, and services. The overall portfolio comprises around 15,000 products in safety, control, and automation technology. Significantly simplified ordering and registration process: A key focus of the relaunch was further improving userfriendliness. The entire ordering process has been made clearer and more intuitive. Existing approval processes for the registration of business customers have been retained but now run more efficiently. Another advantage for existing customers: current login credentials remain valid, ensuring a seamless transition to the new system. Product information presented more clearly and technically: The product detail pages are now more user-friendly: technical features, specifications, and relevant information are more prominently displayed and easier to find. Additional functions such as a product comparison tool further support customers in selecting suitable solutions. Responsive Design: The mobile experience has also been significantly improved. The new webshop now features a modern, responsive design. Content and functions automatically adapt to different devices, ensuring convenient use on the go. International availability and personal support: The new webshop is available in around 20 countries, strengthening Schmersal’s international digital presence and providing consistent global shopping experience. In addition to digital optimization, Schmersal continues to focus on personal support. Customers will still benefit from technical and commercial support hotlines to receive fast and competent assistance.Webshop: www.products.schmersal.com Image Copyright: Schmersal Group

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 21 BUSINESS NEWSLMW has been honoured with the prestigious National Award for Export Excellence by Engineering Export Promotion Council of India under Group 14: Machine Tools – Large Enterprises at the 57th EEPC India National Awards ceremony held at Shangri-La Eros, New Delhi.This marks the second consecutive year that LMW has received this esteemed recognition, reaffirming the company’s strong commitment towards manufacturing excellence, technological innovation, and export growth in the machine tool sector.The award was presented on 29th April 26 by Sardar Manjinder Singh Sirsa, Guest of Honour for the event. The ceremony was graced by Nitin Gadkari, Hon’ble Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, as the Chief Guest.Organised by Engineering Export Promotion Council of India under the aegis of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, the National Awards recognise outstanding export performance and contribution to India’s engineering sector.Receiving this award for the second year in succession reflects LMW’s continued focus on delivering world-class machine tool solutions, strengthening global competitiveness, and supporting the growth of Indian manufacturing. The recognition also stands as a testament to the dedication of LMW employees, the trust of its customers, and the support of its partners and stakeholders.LMW remains committed to advancing manufacturing capabilities through innovation-driven engineering solutions and contributing to India’s industrial and export growth journey.LMW is one of India’s leading manufacturing groups with a strong presence in textile machinery, CNC machine tools, foundry & castings, and advanced technology centre. The company’s Machine Tool Division offers a wide range of CNC turning centres, machining centres, turn-mill solutions, and automation systems catering to diverse manufacturing industries. LMW Receives EEPC India National Awardfor Export Excellence for the Second Consecutive Year

Q. Molygraph has developed a strong portfolio of Metalworking Fluids. How has the demand for specialized lubricants evolved with the increasing complexity of modern metalworking operations?Traditionally, people believed that metalworking fluids were used only for cooling the machining surface and cutting tools during operations. However, with the advancement of high-speed machining, precision manufacturing, and complex materials, the role of metalworking fluids has evolved significantly.Today, specialized metalworking fluids are expected to do much more than cooling. They play a critical role in improving machining productivity, extending tool life, enhancing surface finish, and increasing sump life. Modern industries also expect fluids to support sustainability goals by reducing fluid consumption and lowering the overall carbon footprint. Our Smoothkut range of metalworking fluids is developed specifically to meet these evolving requirements, helping customers achieve higher operational efficiency in modern machining environments.Q. How does Molygraph build customer trust in its cutting fluids?Building trust in a specialized brand like Molygraph, particularly in the demanding field of metalworking fluids, requires much more than standard sales practices. It requires technical expertise, product consistency, and long-term customer support. In the metalworking industry, the fluid is often considered the “lifeblood” of the machining process. Customers rely on fluids for process stability, tool protection, and production efficiency.Molygraph builds trust through:• Proven specialized expertise• Advanced chemical stability in formulations• Measurable operational ROI for customers• Compliance with international standards• Strong on-site technical support and application guidanceOur focus is not only on supplying products but also on helping customers improve productivity and process reliability.Q. What kind of support can customers expect from Molygraph with the Smoothkut range?In this industry, trust is not just about the product inside the drum; it is also about the technical support that stands behind it. Molygraph provides comprehensive customer support, including:Sump Management: We help customers monitor concentration levels, pH balance, 22 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comCOVER STORYGlobal Leadershipin Specialty LubricantsDriven by the rapid evolution of modern manufacturing, the metalworking fluids industry is undergoing a significant transformation. Today’s machining environments demand far more than conventional cooling and lubrication solutions - they require high-performance fluids that enhance productivity, improve tool life, ensure superior surface finish, and support sustainable manufacturing practices. In this context, Molygraph Lubricants has emerged as a trusted name with its strong focus on innovation, R&D, and customer-centric solutions, discovers Machine Tools World in an interaction with Natheem, National Head – Metalworking Division, Molygraph Lubricants. He shares insights into the changing dynamics of the industry, the company’s Smoothkut range of metalworking fluids, its technological strengths, and the company’s growing footprint in India and global markets. Excerpts: Natheem, National Head - Metalworking Division Molygraph Lubricants

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 23 COVER STORYDriven by the rapid evolution of modern manufacturing, the metalworking fluids industry is undergoing a significant transformation. Today’s machining environments demand far more than conventional cooling and lubrication solutions - they require high-performance fluids that enhance productivity, improve tool life, ensure superior surface finish, and support sustainable manufacturing practices. In this context, Molygraph Lubricants has emerged as a trusted name with its strong focus on innovation, R&D, and customer-centric solutions, discovers Machine Tools World in an interaction with Natheem, National Head – Metalworking Division, Molygraph Lubricants. He shares insights into the changing dynamics of the industry, the company’s Smoothkut range of metalworking fluids, its technological strengths, and the company’s growing footprint in India and global markets. Excerpts: Natheem, National Head - Metalworking Division Molygraph Lubricantswww.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 23 COVER STORYWith 20 years of experience in the metalworking fluids sector, Natheem leads Molygraph’s national and international sales strategy. His expertise lies in bridging the gap between advanced R&D and practical shopfloor applications. Under his leadership, Molygraph continues to expand its footprint globally, providing manufacturers with highperformance, sustainable, and cost-effective lubrication technology.NatheemNational Head - Metalworking DivisionMolygraph Lubricants

24 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comCOVER STORYtramp oil contamination, and overall fluid condition and maintenance. This helps improve fluid life and machining consistency.Customized Solutions: Instead of following a “one-size-fits-all” approach, we recommend fluids based on metallurgy, machining operation, water quality and production requirements. For example, aerospace-grade aluminium machining has very different needs from hardened-steel machining - which is why the Smoothkut range includes dedicated grades such as Smoothkut PRO 9100, formulated specifically for aerospace and medical-equipment applications.Technical Assistance: Our technical teams work closely with customers to troubleshoot operational challenges and optimize fluid performance on the shop floor.The impact of this support is measurable on the shop floor. At an aerospace component manufacturer, switching to Smoothkut PRO 9100 extended tool life by 20% and improved sump life from 12 to 24 months, while reducing fluid consumption by 15%. Results of this kind reflect the operational ROI our customers can expect.Q. How strong is Molygraph’s dealer network across India?The dealer network acts as the bridge between Molygraph’s lab-tested technology and the customer’s shopfloor operations. In the metalworking industry, product availability and technical support are equally important. Molygraph has built a strong network of over 100 dealers and distributors across India, Asia, Middle East, Turkey and Russia, carrying the full Smoothkut range of cutting fluids and neat cutting oils. This robust distribution ecosystem ensures timely product availability, local technical support, faster customer response, and consistent service across regions. Our dealer network helps maintain trust and service quality throughout the product lifecycle.Q. Can you tell us about Molygraph’s R&D setup behind these products?Molygraph’s Research & Development setup is the foundation behind the performance and reliability of our metalworking fluids. In today’s competitive manufacturing environment, companies cannot rely on standard off-the-shelf formulations - continuous innovation, testing, and customization are essential. Molygraph’s R&D capabilities are centered around a dedicated Innovation & Technology Center, where the Smoothkut range of metalworking fluids is developed and tested. The Center bridges the gap between chemical formulation and real shop-floor requirements. COVER STORY

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 25 COVER STORYOur R&D approach includes metallurgy matching, water chemistry analysis, application-based product development, regulatory and compliance alignment, and performance testing under actual operating conditions. The focus of our R&D team is to develop solutions that improve productivity, machining efficiency, tool life, and operational stability for customers.Q. Who are Molygraph’s customers, and which major industries do you serve?Molygraph serves a diverse customer base ranging from small precision engineering workshops to large multinational manufacturing companies. Since metalworking fluids are essential wherever metal is cut, shaped, drilled, ground, or formed, we cater to several major industrial sectors, including automotive, aerospace, engineering and general manufacturing, the bearing industry, the forging industry, machine tool manufacturing, steel and heavy engineering, and precision component manufacturing. Broadly speaking, a Molygraph customer is any manufacturer looking to improve productivity, tool life, surface finish, process reliability, operator safety, and total cost of ownership (TCO). Our solutions are designed to support both operational performance and long-term manufacturing efficiency.Q. Molygraph has built a strong reputation over more than three decades. Can you share the key milestones that have defined the company’s journey in the lubricant industry?Founded in 1973, with the Molygraph Lubricants division established in 1994, our journey has been marked by a relentless commitment to innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction. Over the years we have evolved from a niche lubricant manufacturer into a trusted name across multiple industries. In 1999, we developed a specialized range of specialty greases for steel mills - an early milestone that set us apart from conventional lubricant providers. The establishment of our dedicated Innovation & Technology Center in 2011 further strengthened our R&D capability, and in 2013 we began exporting, extending our reach beyond India. The launch of the Smoothkut range of metalworking fluids in 2015 marked our dedicated entry into the metalworking segment. Today, Molygraph serves customers in over 25 countries, and each milestone reflects our continued focus on innovation and long-term customer value.

26 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTOP STORIESIn the world of machining, where precision, speed, and reliability define success, the spindle stands as the most critical component of a machine tool. Often referred to as the “heart” of the machine, the spindle is responsible for holding and rotating the cutting tool or workpiece at the required speed and torque. Its performance directly influences machining accuracy, surface finish, productivity, and tool life. As manufacturing continues to evolve toward higher precision and efficiency, spindle technology has undergone significant advancements, setting new benchmarks in performance and reliability.Understanding the Role of the Spindle at its core, a spindle is a rotating axis that transmits motion and power from the machine to the cutting tool. In milling machines, the spindle rotates the cutting tool, while in lathes, it rotates the workpiece. Regardless of the configuration, the spindle must maintain exceptional accuracy and stability under varying loads and speeds.The performance of a spindle is defined by several key parameters, including rotational speed, torque, power, stiffness, and thermal stability. Achieving the right balance among these parameters is essential for meeting the diverse requirements of modern machining applications-from heavy-duty roughing to ultra-precision finishing.Types of Spindles in Modern MachiningSpindles are available in various configurations, each designed to meet specific machining needs.Belt-driven spindles are among the most traditional types, where power is transmitted from the motor via belts and pulleys. These spindles are known for their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to deliver high torque at lower speeds.Direct-drive spindles, on the other hand, connect the motor directly to the spindle shaft, eliminating the need for belts. This design reduces vibration and improves efficiency, making it suitable for high-speed applications.Motorized spindles, also known as built-in spindles, integrate the motor within the spindle housing. This compact design offers high rotational speeds, reduced transmission losses, and excellent dynamic performance. These spindles are widely used in high-speed machining and precision applications.Each type has its advantages and All About Spindles: The Heartbeat of Modern Machine Tools

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 27 TOP STORIESlimitations, and the choice depends on factors such as material, machining process, and required precisionSpeed, Torque, and Power: The Performance TriangleThe performance of a spindle is often described in terms of speed, torque, and power. These parameters are interdependent and must be carefully optimized.High-speed spindles are essential for machining lightweight materials such as aluminum and composites, where faster cutting speeds improve productivity and surface finish. However, high speed often comes at the expense of torque.Conversely, heavy-duty machining of hard materials such as steel and titanium requires high torque at lower speeds. This is critical for maintaining cutting forces and preventing tool wear.Modern spindles are designed to offer a wide operating range, enabling them to handle both high-speed finishing and heavy-duty roughing. Advanced control systems allow for dynamic adjustment of speed and torque based on the machining conditions.Bearing Systems: The Backbone of PrecisionThe accuracy and reliability of a spindle largely depend on its bearing system. Bearings support the spindle shaft and ensure smooth, precise rotation.Angular contact ball bearings are commonly used in high-speed spindles due to their ability to handle both radial and axial loads. For ultra-high-speed applications, ceramic bearings are preferred because of their lower weight and reduced heat generation.Hydrostatic and air bearings represent the pinnacle of precision. These systems use a thin film of fluid or air to support the spindle, eliminating direct contact and reducing friction to near zero. While they offer exceptional accuracy and surface finish, they are typically used in specialized applications due to their complexity and cost.Proper lubrication and maintenance of bearings are crucial for ensuring long spindle life and consistent performance.Thermal Stability and Its ImpactThermal effects are one of the most significant challenges in spindle design. As the spindle operates, heat is generated due to friction and motor losses. This can lead to thermal expansion, which affects dimensional accuracy.To address this, modern spindles incorporate advanced cooling systems, such as liquid cooling and air circulation. Temperature sensors and compensation algorithms are also used to monitor and adjust for thermal variations in real time.Thermal stability is particularly important in high-precision applications, where even minor deviations can result in unacceptable errors.Tool Holding and Interface SystemsThe interface between the spindle and the cutting tool is another critical aspect of spindle performance. Tool holders must provide secure clamping, precise alignment, and minimal runout.Common tool holding systems include CAT, BT, HSK, and Capto interfaces. Among these, HSK (Hollow Shank Taper) is widely used in high-speed machining due to its dual-contact design, which ensures better rigidity and accuracy.Automatic tool changers (ATCs) further enhance productivity by enabling quick and reliable tool changes. The integration of advanced tool holding systems with spindle design ensures consistent performance and reduced downtime.Spindle Dynamics and Vibration ControlVibration is a major factor affecting machining quality. Excessive vibration can lead to poor surface finish, reduced tool

28 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTOP STORIESlife, and even damage to the machine.Spindle dynamics play a crucial role in minimizing vibration. Factors such as mass distribution, stiffness, and damping characteristics must be carefully optimized during design.Advanced simulation tools are used to analyze spindle behavior under different operating conditions. Additionally, active vibration control systems and damping technologies are being developed to further enhance stability.Maintenance and Condition MonitoringGiven the critical role of spindles, their maintenance is of utmost importance. Unexpected spindle failures can lead to costly downtime and production losses.Condition monitoring systems are increasingly being used to track spindle health. Sensors measure parameters such as vibration, temperature, and noise, providing early warning signs of potential issues.Predictive maintenance, enabled by data analytics and machine learning, allows manufacturers to schedule maintenance activities proactively, reducing the risk of unplanned failures.Regular inspection, proper lubrication, and adherence to operating guidelines are essential for maximizing spindle life and performance.Emerging Trends in Spindle TechnologySpindle technology is continuously evolving to meet the demands of modern manufacturing. One of the key trends is the integration of smart features, such as embedded sensors and connectivity, enabling real-time monitoring and control.High-speed spindles capable of exceeding 100,000 RPM are being developed for specialized applications such as micro-machining and electronics manufacturing. At the same time, advancements in materials and design are enabling higher torque capabilities for heavy-duty applications.Hybrid spindles, capable of performing multiple processes such as milling and grinding, are also gaining traction. These spindles enhance machine versatility and reduce the need for multiple setups.Sustainability is another important focus area. Energy-efficient spindle designs and advanced cooling systems are helping reduce the environmental impact of machining operations.The Road AheadAs industries push for greater precision, productivity, and flexibility, the role of the spindle will become even more critical. Future developments are likely to focus on enhancing performance, reliability, and intelligence.The integration of artificial intelligence and digital twins will enable more accurate prediction of spindle behavior and optimization of machining processes. This will not only improve precision but also extend spindle life and reduce costs.In the context of Industry 4.0, spindles will become an integral part of connected manufacturing systems, contributing to smarter and more efficient operations.ConclusionSpindles are much more than just rotating components; they are the driving force behind modern machining. Their performance directly impacts every aspect of the machining process, from accuracy and surface finish to productivity and cost.With continuous advancements in design, materials, and technology, spindles are setting new standards in machining performance. Understanding their intricacies and capabilities is essential for manufacturers seeking to stay competitive in an increasingly demanding landscape.In the quest for excellence in machining, the spindle remains at the center-powering innovation, enabling precision, and shaping the future of manufacturing.

30 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTOP STORIESPrecision has always been the defining hallmark of manufacturing excellence. From the earliest manually operated lathes to today’s intelligent, self-optimizing machining centers, the pursuit of tighter tolerances and superior surface finishes has driven innovation across industries. Today, as sectors such as aerospace, medical devices, automotive, and electronics demand near-perfect accuracy, machining precision is no longer just a technical requirement-it is a strategic differentiator. New benchmarks are being set, not merely by incremental improvements, but through a convergence of advanced technologies, digital intelligence, and refined process control.The Evolution of Precision in MachiningMachining precision has evolved dramatically over the past few decades. Traditionally, precision was defined by the ability to maintain tolerances within a few microns. Skilled operators, highquality tooling, and robust machines were the key enablers. However, the modern manufacturing landscape demands far greater consistency, repeatability, and speed.Today’s benchmarks extend beyond dimensional accuracy. They encompass geometric tolerances, surface integrity, thermal stability, and process reliability. With the advent of highspeed machining, multi-axis systems, and hybrid manufacturing processes, precision has become multidimensional. The goal is not just to produce a component within tolerance, but to do so consistently across large production volumes while minimizing waste and downtime.Advanced Machine Tool Design: The Foundation of PrecisionAt the core of improved machining precision lies the evolution of machine tool design. Modern CNC machining centers are engineered with enhanced structural rigidity, vibration damping, and thermal stability. Materials such as polymer concrete and advanced cast iron composites are increasingly used to minimize deformation and absorb vibrations.Linear motor drives and highresolution encoders have replaced conventional ball screw systems in many applications, enabling faster response times and eliminating backlash. This translates into superior positioning accuracy and smoother motion control. Additionally, the integration of directdrive rotary tables has significantly improved the precision of multi-axis machining, allowing complex geometries to be produced with minimal setup errors.New Benchmarks inMachining Precision

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 31 TOP STORIESThermal management has also become a critical focus area. Even minor temperature variations can lead to dimensional deviations. Advanced cooling systems, temperature sensors, and real-time compensation algorithms ensure that machines maintain consistent performance even under demanding operating conditions.Cutting Tool Innovations and MaterialsCutting tools play a pivotal role in achieving high precision. Recent advancements in tool materials and coatings have significantly enhanced performance. Carbide tools with nanostructured coatings, polycrystalline diamond (PCD), and cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools are now widely used for highprecision applications.These tools offer exceptional wear resistance, enabling longer tool life and consistent performance. More importantly, they allow machining at higher speeds and feeds without compromising accuracy. This not only improves productivity but also ensures better surface finishes and tighter tolerances.Tool geometry has also undergone refinement. Optimized cutting edges, chip breakers, and micro-geometry enhancements reduce cutting forces and heat generation, both of which are critical for maintaining precision. Additionally, the use of tool presetting and automatic tool measurement systems ensures that tools are always aligned and calibrated correctly before machining begins.Digitalization and Smart MachiningThe integration of digital technologies is redefining the boundaries of machining precision. Industry 4.0 concepts, including the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics, are enabling machines to operate with unprecedented levels of intelligence and autonomy.Smart sensors embedded within machines continuously monitor parameters such as vibration, temperature, spindle load, and tool wear. This data is analyzed in real time to detect anomalies and predict potential issues before they impact production. Predictive maintenance ensures that machines remain in optimal condition, thereby maintaining precision over extended periods.Digital twins-virtual replicas of physical machines-are increasingly being used to simulate machining processes. By analyzing these simulations, manufacturers can optimize tool paths, cutting parameters, and machine settings before actual production begins. This reduces trial-and-error, minimizes material waste, and ensures that precision requirements are met from the outset.Metrology Integration: Closing the LoopPrecision machining is no longer a standalone process; it is closely integrated with advanced metrology systems. Inprocess measurement and inspection technologies are playing a crucial role in achieving new benchmarks.Touch probes, laser measurement systems, and vision-based inspection tools are now commonly integrated into machining centers. These systems enable real-time measurement of components during the machining process. If deviations are detected, corrective actions can be taken immediately, ensuring that the final product meets the required specifications.Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and non-contact measurement systems further enhance accuracy by providing detailed insights into component geometry and surface characteristics. The integration of metrology data with machining processes creates a closed-loop system, where feedback is continuously used to refine and improve precision.

32 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTOP STORIESMulti-Axis and Hybrid MachiningThe shift towards multi-axis machining has been a game-changer in precision manufacturing. Five-axis and even sixaxis machining centers allow complex components to be machined in a single setup. This eliminates the need for multiple fixtures and reduces the risk of alignment errors.By enabling simultaneous movement along multiple axes, these machines can achieve intricate geometries with high accuracy. They also improve surface finish by maintaining optimal tool orientation throughout the machining process.Hybrid machining, which combines additive manufacturing with subtractive processes, is another area setting new benchmarks. Components can be built layer by layer and then finished using precision machining. This approach is particularly beneficial for producing complex, high-value components with stringent accuracy requirements.Automation and Human-Machine CollaborationAutomation is playing an increasingly important role in achieving consistent precision. Robotic systems are being used for material handling, tool changing, and even machining operations. Automated systems eliminate human error and ensure repeatability, which is essential for high-precision manufacturing.However, human expertise remains indispensable. Skilled operators and engineers are needed to program machines, interpret data, and make critical decisions. The future lies in effective human-machine collaboration, where advanced technologies augment human capabilities rather than replace them.Training and upskilling are therefore crucial. As machines become more sophisticated, the workforce must adapt to new tools and technologies. This includes understanding data analytics, machine learning, and advanced programming techniques.Sustainability and PrecisionSustainability is emerging as a key consideration in machining. Precision machining inherently contributes to sustainability by reducing material waste and energy consumption. However, new benchmarks are being set in terms of environmentally friendly practices.Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), dry machining, and advanced coolant systems are reducing the environmental impact of machining processes. Energyefficient machines and optimized cutting strategies are further enhancing sustainability.The use of digital technologies also supports sustainability by enabling better resource management. By optimizing processes and reducing inefficiencies, manufacturers can achieve both precision and environmental goals.Challenges and the Road AheadDespite significant advancements, achieving ultra-high precision remains a challenge. Factors such as material variability, tool wear, and environmental conditions can still impact accuracy. Moreover, the cost of advanced machines and technologies can be a barrier for small and medium enterprises.However, ongoing research and innovation are addressing these challenges. Developments in nanotechnology, advanced materials, and AI-driven process optimization are expected to further enhance precision capabilities. The adoption of cloud-based platforms and collaborative ecosystems will also make advanced technologies more accessible.Looking ahead, the concept of “zerodefect manufacturing” is gaining traction. This involves designing processes that inherently prevent defects rather than detecting and correcting them later. Achieving this will require a holistic approach, integrating design, machining, and inspection into a seamless workflow.ConclusionNew benchmarks in machining precision are being driven by a combination of advanced machine design, cuttingedge tooling, digital intelligence, and integrated metrology. These advancements are not only enabling manufacturers to meet increasingly stringent requirements but are also opening up new possibilities in product design and innovation.As industries continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, precision machining will remain at the forefront of manufacturing excellence. The journey towards higher precision is ongoing, and those who embrace innovation and adapt to new technologies will be best positioned to lead in this dynamic and competitive landscape.

34 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTOP STORIESUnderstanding the FundamentalsInternal grinding refers to the process of finishing the inside surfaces of cylindrical or contoured components using a rotating grinding wheel. The workpiece is typically held in a chuck or fixture and rotated while the grinding wheel, mounted on a spindle, removes material with high precision.The process is commonly used to achieve tight tolerances, often in the range of microns, and fine surface finishes that are critical for functional performance. Applications include bearing races, hydraulic components, fuel injection systems, and gearbox parts—components where internal geometry directly influences performance, efficiency, and longevity.The Challenge of Accessibility and RigidityOne of the primary intricacies of internal grinding lies in the limited accessibility of the grinding zone. The grinding Internal grinding, often regarded as one of the most demanding processes in precision machining, plays a critical role in achieving superior dimensional accuracy and surface finish within bores and internal features. Unlike external grinding, where accessibility and rigidity are relatively easier to manage, internal grinding presents a unique set of challenges arising from confined spaces, limited tool reach, and complex geometries. Yet, it is precisely this complexity that makes internal grinding indispensable in industries such as aerospace, automotive, medical devices, and precision engineering.The Intricacyof Internal Grinding

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 35 TOP STORIESwheel must enter a confined space, often with a long overhang, which compromises rigidity. This makes the setup more susceptible to vibrations, deflection, and chatter—factors that can adversely affect surface finish and dimensional accuracy.To address these challenges, machine builders focus on optimizing spindle design and support systems. High-frequency spindles with enhanced stiffness and precision bearings are commonly used to maintain stability. Additionally, the use of shorter, more rigid grinding wheels and optimized wheel geometry helps reduce deflection and improve control.Wheel Selection and Dressing: A Delicate BalanceThe choice of grinding wheel is critical in internal grinding. Factors such as abrasive material, grain size, bond type, and wheel shape must be carefully selected based on the material of the workpiece and the desired finish.Conventional abrasives like aluminum oxide are widely used, but advanced materials such as cubic boron nitride (CBN) are increasingly preferred for highperformance applications. CBN wheels offer superior hardness, thermal stability, and wear resistance, making them ideal for grinding hardened steels and superalloys.Equally important is the dressing of the grinding wheel. Dressing restores the wheel’s cutting ability and ensures the correct profile. In internal grinding, where precision is paramount, even minor deviations in wheel geometry can lead to significant errors. Advanced dressing techniques, including rotary diamond dressers and CNC-controlled dressing cycles, are employed to achieve consistent results.Thermal Management and Surface IntegrityHeat generation is a significant concern in internal grinding due to the confined grinding zone and limited coolant access. Excessive heat can lead to thermal expansion, surface burns, and metallurgical changes, compromising the integrity of the component.Effective coolant delivery systems are essential to mitigate these risks. Highpressure coolant systems, often combined with specially designed nozzles, ensure that coolant reaches the grinding interface efficiently. In some cases, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is used to balance cooling and environmental considerations.Maintaining surface integrity is particularly critical in applications such as aerospace and medical components, where even minor defects can have serious consequences. Advanced monitoring systems are used to detect thermal anomalies and ensure that the grinding process remains within safe limits.Precision Through Machine DesignModern internal grinding machines are engineered to address the inherent challenges of the process. Features such as hydrostatic guideways, high-resolution feedback systems, and thermally stable structures contribute to improved accuracy and repeatability.CNC technology has revolutionized internal grinding by enabling precise control over complex motions and process parameters. Multi-axis machines allow for the grinding of intricate geometries, including tapers, contours, and non-cylindrical shapes, in a single setup. This not only enhances precision but also reduces setup time and the risk of alignment errors.Automation further enhances consistency by eliminating human variability. Robotic loading systems, automatic wheel changers, and in-process gauging systems ensure that each component is machined to the same high standard.In-Process Measurement and ControlAchieving high precision in internal grinding requires continuous monitoring and control. In-process gauging systems are widely used to measure the internal diameter during grinding. These systems provide real-time feedback, allowing for automatic adjustments to maintain the desired dimensions.Post-process inspection using coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and other advanced metrology tools ensures that components meet stringent quality standards. The integration of measurement data with machining processes creates a closed-loop system, enabling continuous improvement and consistency.Applications Demanding PerfectionInternal grinding is indispensable in industries where precision is nonnegotiable. In the automotive sector, components such as engine cylinders, transmission gears, and fuel injection systems rely on precise internal geometries for optimal performance.In aerospace, internal grinding is used to manufacture critical components such as turbine shafts and bearing housings, where tight tolerances and superior surface finishes are essential for safety and efficiency. The medical industry also depends on internal grinding for producing implants and surgical instruments with

36 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTOP STORIESexacting specifications.The growing demand for miniaturization in electronics and medical devices has further increased the importance of internal grinding. Producing small, intricate components with high precision requires advanced machines and processes capable of handling complex geometries and tight tolerances.The Role of Skilled ExpertiseDespite the high level of automation and technological advancement, internal grinding remains a skill-intensive process. Operators and engineers must have a deep understanding of machine behavior, tooling, and material characteristics.Programming CNC machines for internal grinding requires expertise in tool path optimization and parameter selection. Additionally, troubleshooting issues such as chatter, wheel wear, and thermal distortion demands experience and analytical skills.Training and knowledge transfer are therefore critical to maintaining high standards in internal grinding. As technology evolves, the workforce must continuously adapt to new tools and techniques.Emerging Trends and InnovationsThe future of internal grinding is being shaped by advancements in digitalization and smart manufacturing. Sensors and data analytics are being used to monitor machine performance and predict maintenance needs, reducing downtime and improving efficiency.Artificial intelligence and machine learning are also being explored to optimize grinding parameters and enhance process stability. Digital twins—virtual models of machines and processes—enable simulation and optimization before actual production, reducing trial-and-error and improving precision.Another emerging trend is the integration of hybrid processes, where grinding is combined with other machining techniques to achieve complex geometries and superior finishes. These innovations are pushing the boundaries of what is possible in internal grinding.ConclusionThe intricacy of internal grinding lies in its ability to achieve exceptional precision within confined and complex geometries. It is a process that demands a perfect balance of machine capability, tooling, process control, and human expertise.As industries continue to demand higher performance and tighter tolerances, internal grinding will remain a cornerstone of precision manufacturing. With ongoing advancements in technology and a focus on innovation, the process is set to reach new levels of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability.In the world of machining, where perfection is often measured in microns, internal grinding stands as a testament to the art and science of precision engineering.

CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

38 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comSPECIAL FEATUREThe Strategic Role of Machine Tools in DefenceDefence manufacturing demands an exceptional level of precision, repeatability, and reliability. Components such as turbine blades, missile casings, gun barrels, and guidance systems must adhere to stringent tolerances, often in the micron range. Machine tools-particularly CNC (Computer Numerical Control) systems-enable this level of precision by combining advanced mechanics with sophisticated software control.Unlike general industrial applications, defence production often involves lowvolume, high-complexity components made from exotic materials such as titanium alloys, Inconel, composites, and hardened steels. These materials are chosen for their strength, heat resistance, and durability but pose significant machining challenges. Advanced machine tools equipped with high-speed spindles, multi-axis capabilities, and adaptive control systems are essential to process such materials efficiently.Types of Machine Tools Used in Defence Manufacturing1. CNC Machining CentersCNC machining centers form the backbone of modern defence manufacturing. Multi-axis machining centers-particularly 5-axis and beyondare widely used for producing complex geometries in a single setup. This reduces errors, improves accuracy, and enhances productivity.Applications include:• Aerospace structural components • Missile housings Radar and communication system parts 2. Turning Centers and Mill-Turn MachinesHigh-precision turning centers and millMachine Tools for Defence Production An OverviewThe strength of a nation’s defence capability rests not only on its armed forces but also on the robustness of its manufacturing backbone. At the heart of this backbone lies the machine tool industry-often referred to as the “mother industry”-which enables the production of precision components essential for defence equipment. From fighter aircraft and naval vessels to missiles, armored vehicles, and advanced electronics, machine tools play a pivotal role in shaping, finishing, and assembling mission-critical parts with uncompromising accuracy.In a country like India, where defence indigenization has gained momentum under initiatives such as Atmanirbhar Bharat, the importance of advanced machine tools has never been more pronounced. Institutions such as Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) are increasingly relying on indigenous machine tool capabilities to reduce dependency on imports and enhance strategic autonomy.

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 39 SPECIAL FEATUREturn machines are used for rotational components such as shafts, barrels, and cylindrical housings. Mill-turn machines combine turning and milling operations, reducing the need for multiple setups.3. Grinding MachinesGrinding is critical for achieving ultra-fine surface finishes and tight tolerances. Internal, external, and surface grinding machines are used extensively in defence applications such as bearings, gears, and precision shafts.4. Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM)EDM is indispensable for machining hard materials and intricate shapes that are difficult to achieve with conventional methods. Wire EDM and sinker EDM are widely used in tooling, dies, and aerospace components.5. Additive Manufacturing SystemsAlthough not traditional machine tools, additive manufacturing (AM) systems are increasingly integrated into defence production. They enable the creation of lightweight, complex components with reduced material waste.6. Gear Cutting and Finishing MachinesGear systems are critical in defence equipment such as tanks, helicopters, and naval propulsion systems. High-precision gear hobbing, shaping, and grinding machines ensure optimal performance and longevity.Advanced Technologies Driving Defence MachiningMulti-Axis MachiningMulti-axis machining allows simultaneous movement along multiple axes, enabling the production of complex geometries with fewer setups. This is particularly important for aerospace and missile components.High-Speed Machining (HSM)HSM enhances productivity and surface finish while reducing machining time. It is especially useful for lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys used in aircraft structures.Digital Twins and SimulationDigital twin technology enables virtual simulation of machining processes, allowing manufacturers to optimize tool paths, reduce errors, and improve efficiency before actual production.Industry 4.0 IntegrationSmart machine tools equipped with sensors, IoT connectivity, and data analytics enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and improved decision-making. This aligns with the broader adoption of Industry 4.0 in defence manufacturing.Challenges in Machine Tools for Defence ProductionDespite significant advancements, several challenges persist:1. High Capital InvestmentAdvanced machine tools, especially multi-axis CNC systems and hybrid machines, require substantial investment. This can be a barrier for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) entering the defence sector.2. Skill GapOperating and maintaining sophisticated machine tools requires highly skilled personnel. Bridging the skill gap through training and education is crucial.3. Material MachinabilityExotic materials used in defence applications are difficult to machine, leading to tool wear, heat generation, and longer cycle times.4. Quality AssuranceDefence components must meet rigorous quality standards. This necessitates the integration of advanced inspection systems such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and laser trackers.5. Supply Chain ConstraintsDependence on imported components such as high-end CNC controllers and precision spindles can hinder domestic manufacturing capabilities.India’s Push Towards Indigenous Machine Tool CapabilityIndia has made significant strides in developing its domestic machine tool

40 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comSPECIAL FEATUREindustry. Organizations like Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) have increasingly adopted indigenous solutions.Government initiatives such as:• Make in India • Atmanirbhar Bharat • Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy (DPEPP) have encouraged domestic manufacturing and reduced reliance on imports. The establishment of defence corridors in Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh further strengthens the ecosystem by fostering collaboration between OEMs, MSMEs, and research institutions.Role of Private Sector and MSMEsThe private sector and MSMEs are playing an increasingly important role in defence manufacturing. With access to advanced machine tools and government support, these entities are contributing to the production of critical components.Collaborations between private companies and organizations like DRDO are enabling technology transfer and innovation. This synergy is essential for building a self-reliant defence manufacturing ecosystem.Quality, Certification, and ComplianceDefence manufacturing is governed by stringent standards and certifications. Machine tools used in this sector must ensure:• High repeatability and accuracy • Robustness and reliability • Compliance with international standards such as ISO and AS9100 Advanced metrology and inspection systems are integrated with machine tools to ensure adherence to these standards.Future Trends in Defence Machine Toolsa. Hybrid MachinesCombining additive and subtractive manufacturing capabilities, hybrid machines offer greater flexibility and efficiency.b. AI-Driven MachiningArtificial intelligence is being used to optimize machining parameters, predict tool wear, and enhance productivity.c. Automation and RoboticsAutomated material handling systems and robotic integration are improving efficiency and reducing human intervention.d. Sustainable ManufacturingEnergy-efficient machine tools and eco-friendly machining processes are gaining importance in line with global sustainability goals.The Road AheadThe future of machine tools in defence production is closely tied to technological innovation and strategic policy support. As geopolitical dynamics evolve, the need for self-reliance in defence manufacturing becomes increasingly critical.India’s focus on indigenous development, coupled with advancements in machine tool technology, positions it well to become a global hub for defence manufacturing. However, achieving this vision requires continued investment in R&D, skill development, and infrastructure.ConclusionMachine tools are the silent enablers of defence production, shaping the components that safeguard a nation’s security. Their role extends beyond manufacturing-they are integral to innovation, precision, and technological advancement.As India continues its journey towards self-reliance in defence, the machine tool industry will play a central role in driving this transformation. By embracing advanced technologies, fostering collaboration, and addressing existing challenges, the industry can set new benchmarks in precision engineering and contribute significantly to national security.In essence, the evolution of machine tools is not just a story of industrial progress-it is a narrative of strategic empowerment, where precision engineering meets national defence.

42 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comPROCESS UPDATEPVD Coatings in Metal FormingBY DR. UMESH R. MHATRE, Managing Director, Surface Modification Technologies Pvt. Ltd.However, PVD coatings cannot be viewed as standalone solutions. Their success in metal forming applications depends fundamentally on substrate metallurgy, heat treatment, near-surface engineering, and surface condition. This article reviews the PVD coating process in the context of metal forming, highlighting its merits and limitations while emphasising the importance of an integrated surface engineering approach.Overview of the PVD Coating ProcessPhysical Vapour Deposition (PVD) is a vacuum-based, plasma-assisted thin film deposition process in which coating material is converted into vapour and, depending on the deposition technology, partially or highly ionised before being deposited onto the substrate surface. The degree of ionisation and ion energy directly influences coating density, adhesion, and load-bearing capability, key requirements in metal forming applications.In electron beam evaporation and conventional magnetron sputtering, the target material is primarily vapourised, with a fraction of the vapour species becoming ionised through interaction with the plasma environment. In cathodic arc (Arc-PVD) processes, a highly ionised metal plasma is generated directly at the cathode spot, typically exceeding 80–90% ionisation, resulting in energetic ion-assisted deposition and excellent adhesion. Recent advancements such as High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) significantly increase ionisation levels in sputtering-based PVD, approaching arc-like ionisation while maintaining smoother coating morphology.Across all PVD variants, reactive gases such as nitrogen or carbon-containing species are introduced to form hard compound coatings. Deposition typically occurs at relatively high temperatures (approximately 350–500°C), preserving the bulk microstructure and dimensional stability of hardened tool steels. Typical coating thickness ranges from 1 to 5 microns, making PVD ideally suited for precision metal forming tools.Key Process Steps1. Surface preparation and activation through cleaning and in-situ plasma etching2. Vacuum generation and plasma establishment3. Vaporization, ionisation, and reactive deposition4. Ion-assisted coating growth under substrate bias5. Controlled cooling to retain tool propertiesMetallurgy: The Foundation of Coating PerformanceThe performance of a PVD-coated forming tool begins with correct tool steel selection and metallurgical quality. Cold work, hot work, and powder metallurgy steels must offer high compressive strength, adequate toughness, uniform microstructure, and resistance to fatigue and chipping.A coating cannot compensate for deficiencies in base material quality. Poor carbide distribution, excessive retained austenite, or metallurgical segregation can lead to premature coating cracking or delamination under forming loads.Heat Treatment and Near-Surface EngineeringProper heat treatment is essential to achieve target hardness, microstructural Metal forming technologies, such as forging, stamping, extrusion, drawing, fine blanking, and roll forming, continue to form the backbone of industrial manufacturing, enabling high-volume, cost-effective production of mechanically robust components across automotive, aerospace, electrical, electronics, consumer goods, and infrastructure sectors.Even as emerging manufacturing approaches such as additive manufacturing (3D printing) gain relevance for prototyping and niche applications, metal forming remains indispensable due to its advantages in material integrity, surface quality, structural reliability, and production scalability. As industries move toward lightweighting, advanced high-strength materials, electrification, and sustainability-driven manufacturing, metal forming processes are being pushed to operate at higher speeds, greater contact pressures, tighter tolerances, and reduced lubrication regimes.In this evolving environment, tool performance and lifecycle cost have become decisive competitive factors. This is where surface engineering, and particularly Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) coatings, plays a critical enabling role. PVD coatings enhance wear resistance, reduce friction, mitigate galling, and support dry or near-dry forming, while preserving dimensional accuracy and core mechanical properties.

www.mtwmag.com MAY 2026 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD 43 PROCESS UPDATEstability, and controlled residual stresses. Inconsistent heat treatment can result in substrate deformation or stress accumulation beneath the coating during service.Because PVD coatings are thin and ceramic in nature, they require a mechanically supportive near-surface zone. Thermochemical treatments such as plasma nitriding, nitrocarburising, or duplex treatments (nitriding followed by PVD) enhance surface hardness, loadbearing capacity, and fatigue resistance. A well-designed duplex system significantly extends coating life by preventing substrate deformation beneath the coating.Surface Preparation and Surface TexturingPVD coatings replicate the underlying surface topography. Any grinding marks, scratches, or surface defects present prior to coating are transferred to the coating and may act as stress raisers.Optimised surface finishing improves adhesion, reduces friction, and enhances tribological performance. Increasingly, engineered surface texturing is being employed prior to coating. Controlled microtextures act as lubricant reservoirs, reduce real contact area, and improve galling resistance. When combined with PVD coatings, surface texturing transforms the coating into a functional tribological system.Merits of PVD Coatings in Metal FormingWhen supported by correct metallurgy and surface engineering, PVD coatings offer:• Significant improvement in tool life• Reduced friction and forming forces• Enhanced resistance to adhesive and abrasive wear• Improved surface finish of formed components• Reduced dependence on lubricantsThese benefits translate directly into higher productivity, reduced downtime, and lower cost per component.Limitations and DemeritsDespite their advantages, PVD coatings have certain limitations:• Line-of-sight deposition restricts coating of deep cavities• High sensitivity to substrate condition and preparation• Requirement for precise coating selection and process control• Higher initial investment compared to conventional treatmentsImportantly, many coating failures attributed to PVD originate from inadequate metallurgy, heat treatment, or surface preparation, rather than the coating itself.Emerging Applications and ChallengesThe forming of advanced high-strength steels, aluminium alloys, and copper-based materials is driving demand for coatings with higher thermal stability, improved galling resistance, and enhanced oxidation behaviour. Additionally, the trend toward miniaturisation is increasing the importance of ultra-thin, dense PVD coatings for micro-forming and precision tooling applications.Future challenges include coating complex geometries more uniformly, improving performance under extreme forming loads, and reducing cost per component. Advances such as HiPIMS, tailored nano-layer coatings, and datadriven process control are expected to address these challenges.ConclusionPVD coatings are not standalone solutions but an integral part of a holistic surface engineering strategy. In metal forming applications, their success depends on the combined optimisation of metallurgy, heat treatment, near-surface engineering, surface finishing, and coating technology.As metal forming continues to evolve under increasing performance and sustainability demands, metallurgy-driven PVD coating solutions will play a decisive role in ensuring tool reliability, process efficiency, and long-term industrial competitiveness. Dr. Umesh R. Mhatre Managing Director, Surface Modification Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (SMT)

44 MACHINE TOOLS WORLD MAY 2026 www.mtwmag.comTECH INNOVATIONHow domestic manufacturing of basic monolithics transforms steel industry supply chainsBy Ish Mohan Garg, Senior Vice President, Calderys APAC RegionSteelmaking today is happening at an extraordinary scale. Global crude steel production reached about 1,849 million tonnes in 2025, and while China continues to dominate volumes, India’s production is growing at a healthy pace. In December 2025 alone, India produced around 14.8 million tonnes of crude steel, up over 10 percent year on year. This steady rise reflects not just capacity expansion, but the growing importance of reliable, resilient operations in Indian steel plants.At the same time, steel producers across India and the wider APAC region have been dealing with repeated supply chain disruptions. Global shipping delays, container shortages, currency volatility, and geopolitical uncertainties have made the sourcing of critical refractory materials far less predictable than it used to be. When these materials arrive late, the impact goes well beyond logistics. It affects shutdown planning, furnace availability, working capital tied up in safety stock, and the ability to respond quickly to unplanned outages.Basic monolithics are a backbone of modern steelmaking, used in some of the most demanding zones of furnaces and vessels. Relying heavily on imports for such mission critical materials forces steel plants into reactive sourcing. Domestic manufacturing of basic monolithics marks a shift toward more deliberate, strategic supply chain planning.From import dependence to supply chain resilienceLocal manufacturing fundamentally changes how steel plants manage their supply chains. When basic monolithics are produced closer to the point of use, lead times shrink dramatically. What used to take several weeks, including shipping and customs clearance, can now be planned in days. This makes just in time supply much more feasible, and the need for large safety stocks at the site is eliminated.Lower levels of inventory directly alleviate the working capital burden. Steel manufacturers can free up funds that would otherwise be tied up in inventory as buffer stock. Local sourcing also mitigates risks associated with global disruptions in shipping, unexpected increases in freight costs, and exchange rate fluctuations that could unpredictably drive procurement budgets up. One clear sign of this shift is the commissioning of Calderys’ basic monolithics line at its CAPES plant in Odisha, which is bringing largescale domestic production of critical refractories closer to Indian steelmakers and easing reliance on imports. In addition, local availability makes maintenance planning more manageable. Furnace relining schedules, shutdown periods, and hot repairs become more manageable when materials can be supplied on a reliable and shorter notice basis. This, in turn, helps to build actual supply chain resilience over time. Steel plants move from constantly firefighting supply