sunni voice

1 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 1443 aplÀdw Sunni Voice Fortnightly, Samastha Islamic Centre
Near Planetarium, Eranhippalam P.O., Kozhikode - 673006
sh_v F-Un-j³
Tel: +91 495 2772845, Fax: 2771538

E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.sunnivoice.net

kvtIm-fÀ-jn¸v {]-Xn-tj[w: \ne-]mSv
kp-¶n-{]-Øm\w H-fn-t¨mSntbm?
06
dlva¯pÃmlv kJm^n Ffacw

20 tXm¸n¡s¸SpIbmWv ImenIw
ae_mÀ
ap_jnÀ aª¸ä

31 kzmX{´ym\´c C´ybnse 25
P\m[n]Xyhpw atXXcXzhpw s]Kmkkv: tI{µw
AUz. sIFwF dDu^v kJm^n Hfn¨psh¡p¶sX´v ?
kÂam\p ^mcnkv sN\¡e§mSn
38 amk-¸n-dhn: apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡v
A_²w ]än-b-sX-hnsS? 57kv{Xo¡p th@Xv
A_vZp dDu^v ]pfn-bw-]-d¼v
Xpey-Xtbm \oXntbm?
47 a¼pdw X§Ä:
t]mcm-«hpw Pohn-Xhpw ^m¯na kzÂl
iwkp±o³ kJm^n ap¡w

60 PohnXw \in-¸n-¡p¶ kab\jv-S-§Ä
BinJv Aen ]gapÅqÀ

12 _oam¸Ån: kn\n-a- ]IÀ¯m¯
Ncn{Xhpw hÀ¯am\hpw

Dss\kv HXp¡p§Â

cm{ãob XmÂ]cy§Ä¡p th@n bYmÀ° Ncn{Xs¯ amenIv
h{Io-Icn¡p¶psh¶XmWv hmkvXhw. A¶v tIcfw `cn¨ncp¶
CSXp]£ kÀ¡mcns\ t]cn\p t]mepw t\mhn¡msX c£n-s¨-Sp¡m³
Akm-am-\y-amb I¿-S¡w kn\na ImWn¡p-¶p@v.

03 Imcy-ZÀin 05 apJ-samgn

]»n-jÀ Im-´-]p-cw F.]n. A-_q-_-¡À ap-kv-en-bmÀ
No-^v F-Un-äÀ s]m-·-f A-ÐpÂ-Jm-ZnÀ ap-kv-en-bmÀ
am-t\-Pnw-Kv F-Un-äÀ d-lv-a-XpÃm-lv k-Jm-^n F-facw

F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«o-hv F-Un-äÀ A-e-hn-¡p-«n ss^-kn FS¡-c
F-Un-äÀ C³ NmÀ-Öv C-_v-dmlnw k-Jm-^n ]p-g-¡m-«ncn

A-kn-Ìâv F-Un-äÀ A-Ðp K-^qÀ \n-km-an taÂ-ap-dn
am-t\-PÀ ap-l½-Zv ]q-\qÀ kÀ-¡p-te-j³ kz-^vhm³ Kq-UÃqÀ
sh-_v F-Un-äÀ kmenw kn-±o-Jn tXm«p-s]m-bn te-Hu-«v bm-knÀ Fw.
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 2

Imcy-ZÀin

kwLS\m apt¶ä¯n\mbn
{]hÀ¯IÀ DdpZp ]Tn¡pI

C‑u k‑w-L-S-\‑m hÀ-j-s‑¯ \-½‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä

B-d‑v a‑m-k‑w ]‑n-¶‑n-«‑p-I-g‑n-ª‑p. N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b I‑m-e-b-f-h‑n-
\‑p-Å‑n k‑v-X‑p-X‑yÀ-l-a‑m-b \‑n-c-h-[‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä
I‑m-g‑v-N-s‑h-¡‑m-\‑p‑w k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â \-·-¡‑m-b‑n h-e‑n-b
k‑w-`‑m-h-\-IÄ \Â-I‑m-\‑p‑w k‑p-¶‑n b‑p-h-P-\ k‑w-L-¯‑n-
\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑v kÀ-h-i-à-\‑m-b A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â
a-l-¯‑m-b A-\‑p-{‑K-l-a‑m-W‑v. \-½‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑p-s‑S
H-s‑¯‑m-c‑p-a-b‑p‑w k-l-I-c-W-h‑p‑w B-ß‑mÀ-°-X-b‑p‑w AÀ-
¸-W-t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w s‑h-f‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑n-X‑v.

k‑m-´‑z-\-h-g‑n-b‑n ]‑m-h-s‑¸-« t‑c‑m-K‑n-I-f‑p‑w \‑n-c‑m-e‑w-_-
c‑p‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b‑w I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-h-«-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-X‑w X-Å‑n-\‑o-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p‑w
t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯-h-c‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. ]-e I‑m-c-W-§-f‑m k‑m-¼-
¯‑n-I {‑]-b‑m-k-§Ä t‑\-c‑n-S‑p-¶-h-c‑p-ï‑v. I-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-h-c‑p-s‑S
P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-½‑p-s‑S I-c‑p-X-e‑p‑w k-l‑m-b-h‑p-s‑a-¯‑n-
¡‑m-\‑p-Å P‑m-{‑K-X X‑p-S-c‑p-I. A-d‑n-h‑p‑w A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p-
Å-hÀ-¡‑v ]-IÀ-¶‑p-\Â-I‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I h‑n-j-b-§-f‑nÂ
\-b-]-c-h‑p‑w t‑\-X‑r-]-c-h‑p-a‑m-b `‑m-K-t‑[-b‑w \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w
{‑i-²-b‑p-ï‑m-h-W‑w. H-¸‑w‑, \-½‑p-s‑S F-Ã‑m {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-
f‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v a‑m-\-Z-Þ-§Ä ]‑m-e‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑c‑m-K‑w
]-c-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å a‑p³-I-c‑p-X-e‑p-IÄ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-
b‑p‑w s‑N-¿-W‑w.

D-d‑p-Z‑p `‑m-j‑m-]T-\‑w \‑m‑w K‑u-c-h-¯‑n-s‑e-S‑p-t‑¡-ï-X‑m-W‑v.
A-X‑n-Y‑n s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n \-½Ä \-S-¯‑n-h-c‑p-¶
k‑m-a‑q-l‑y t‑£-a-]-²-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑v I‑q-S‑p-XÂ a‑n-I-¨ ^-e‑w
k‑r-j‑v-S‑n-¡‑m³ D-d‑p-Z‑p ]T-\‑w a‑q-e‑w k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. \-½‑p-s‑S
N‑p-ä‑p-h-«-¯‑p-Å D-¯-t‑c-´‑y³ k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡Ä-¡‑v \‑m‑w
X-W-e‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-h-c‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-{‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä-
¡‑v ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w. A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n A-h-c‑p-s‑S
`‑m-j-b‑n X-s‑¶ B-i-b-h‑n-\‑n-a-b‑w \-S-¯‑m³ \-a‑p-¡‑v

3 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

k‑m-[‑n-¡-W‑w. i-c‑m-i-c‑n s‑F-I‑y‑p D-Å H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v ]-X‑n-\-©‑v
Z‑n-h-k-¯‑n-\‑p-Å‑n ]‑p-X‑n-b H-c‑p `‑m-j ]T‑n-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-
¡‑p‑w. AÂ-]‑w {‑i-² s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑m h-f-s‑c F-f‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ
]T‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ `‑m-j-b‑m-W‑v D-d‑p-Z‑p. \-½‑p-s‑S b‑q-W‑n-ä‑p-I-f‑nÂ
D-d‑p-Z‑p `‑m-j‑m-]T-\-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑nÂ
\‑m‑w k-K‑u-c-h‑w ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-h‑n `‑m-j h-i-a‑p-
Å-hÀ A-hÀ-¡-d‑n-b‑p-¶-b-{‑X-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-s‑c ]T‑n-¸‑n-
¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I. k‑w-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S t‑Z-i‑o-b
X-e-¯‑n-s‑e a‑p-t‑¶-ä-¯‑n-e‑p‑w C-X‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v D-]-I‑m-c-s‑¸-S‑p‑w.
c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p-s‑S k‑w-k‑m-c `‑m-j F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ
G-s‑d {‑]-N‑m-c-a‑p-Å D-d‑p-Z‑p N-c‑n-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-b N‑n-e I‑m-c-W-§-
f‑m Z-£‑n-t‑W-´‑y-b‑n P-\-I‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B-[‑p-\‑n-I
I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n D-d‑p-Z‑p A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑p-Å {‑]-t‑_‑m-[-\
k‑m-[‑y-X G-s‑d h-e‑p-X‑m-W‑v. C-X‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w D-d‑p-
Z‑p k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v X-s‑¶ h‑n-h‑n-[ k‑w-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑nÂ
\‑n-s‑¶-¯‑n-b s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n \‑m‑w k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b‑n
{‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w.

[‑m-c‑m-f‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä C-\‑n-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p X‑oÀ-¡‑m-\‑p-ï‑v.
k‑w-L-S-\‑m c‑w-K-¯‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b ]-²-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w h-c‑p-
¶‑p-ï‑v. h‑y-à‑n-P‑o-h‑n-X‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ {‑I‑n-b‑m-ß-I-a‑m-¡‑m-\‑p-Å
Z‑oÀ-L-h‑o-£-W-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p-Å B-t‑e‑m-N-\-I-f‑p‑w k‑w-L-S-\-
¡‑p-ï‑v. kÀ-¡‑mÀ a-Õ-c ]-c‑o-£-I-s‑f t‑\-c‑n-S‑m-\‑m-b‑n \-S-¶‑p-h-
c‑p-¶ ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑n k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡-W‑w.
P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n kÀ-¡‑mÀ X-e-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑p‑w \-S-¡‑p-¶
t‑I‑m-¨‑n‑w-K‑p-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å h‑n-i-Z‑m‑w-i-§-f‑p‑w ¢‑m-k‑p-I-f‑p‑w
t‑\-c-t‑¯ {‑]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡‑v e-`‑n-¨‑p-I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. C-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n
_-Ô-s‑¸-« I‑m-c‑y-§Ä {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-t‑¯‑m-S‑v A-t‑\‑z-
j‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v F-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ t‑a-J-e-I-s‑f ]-ä‑n
h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-b‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑nÂ
k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w. \‑n-c-´-c-a‑p-Å ]-c‑n-{‑i-a-a‑m-W‑v
kÀ-¡‑mÀ‑, D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K X-e-§-f‑n-s‑e I-c‑n-b-d‑n-\‑m-h-i‑y‑w.

k‑p-¶‑n-t‑h‑m-b‑v-k‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b a‑p-J-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-§-
t‑f‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-s‑X \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-I-f‑n-s‑e-¯‑p‑w. t‑I‑m-
h‑n-U‑v \‑n-b-{‑´-W-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w k‑p-¶‑n-t‑h‑m-b‑v-k‑v {‑]-N‑m-c-W
I‑m-¼-b‑n³ h³-h‑n-P-b-a‑m-¡‑n-b a‑p-g‑p-h³ {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-s‑c-b‑p‑w
L-S-I-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w A-`‑n-\-µ‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-Y³ h-e‑n-b
{‑]-X‑n-^-e‑w \Â-I-s‑«-þ-B-a‑o³.

þ tUm. ap-l½-Zv A-Ðp lIow A-kvlcn

F-kv ssh F-kv kv-tä-äv P-\. sk-{I«dn

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 4

Bßm-lp-Xn-bp-sS
kz-´w \mSv

B-ßl-Xy FÃm {]-iv-\-§-fp-sSbpw ]-cn-lm-c-am-sW-¶ sXäm-b

[m-c-W k-aq-l-¯n hym-]n¨p-sIm-ïn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv. tem-Iv-Uu¬
Ime-s¯ km-¼¯n-I {]-Xn-k-Ôn Imc-Ww ]d-ªv C-cp-]-Xn-e-[n-Iw
kz-bw-h-[-§Ä k-ao-] -Ime-¯v \-S-¡p-I-bp-ïmbn. B¬P-·-am-sW-
¦nepw s]¬-am-dm-«w \-S-¯m³ enw-K-am-ä kÀ-P-dn-¡p -hn-t[-b\m-b
{Sm³-kv-sPâÀ A\-\y A-e-Iv-kv Ip-am-cn X-sâ i-kv-{X-{In-b \-S¯nb
tUm-ÎÀ-¡v ]n-g-¨-Xn-\m Xm³ \n-Xy Zp-cn-X-¯n-em-sb-¶v ]d-ªv B-ß-
l-Xy- \-S-¯nbXv G-sd hmÀ-¯m -{]m-[m\yw t\-Sp-I-bp-ïmbn. A-\-\y-
bp-sS ]-¦m-fnbpw ]n-tä-¶v Po-h-s\m-Sp¡n. sUâ tUm-ÎÀ am-\-k-bp-sS
ac-Ww DÄ-sIm-Åm-\m-hm-sX hr-²bm-b am-Xm-hn-s\ X-\n-¨m-¡n H-cp
bp-hm-hv B-ßm-lp-Xn sNbv-X IuXp-I hmÀ-¯bpw tI-«p!

tZio-b i-cm-i-cn-tb-¡mÄ F{Xtbm a-S-§m-Wv \-½p-sS sIm-¨p-tI-
c-f-¯n-se B-ß-l-Xy-IÄ. 2017 P-\p-h-cn -ap-XÂ 2021 Pq¬ h-sc kw-
Øm-\-¯v 25700 ]p-cp-j-·m-cpw 7463 kv-{Xo-Ifpw Hu-tZymKn-I I-W-¡-
\p-k-cn-¨p kz-bw Po-h-s\m-Sp-¡n-bn-«pïv.

a-c-W-t¯m-sS FÃmw A-h-km-\n-¨p-sh-¶ [m-c-W CÃm-Xm-¡p-I-bm-
Wv C-Xn-\p-Å G-I ]-cn-lm-cw. A-Xn-\v k-Xy-k-Ôam-b a-X-hn-izm-
kw thWw. A-Sn¨p-s]m-fn-¨p-Å Po-hn-Xw ]-c-amh-[n B-kz-Zn-¡p-I,
_-Ô-§Ä-s¡m¶pw H-cp {]-k-ànbpw \Â-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-I, \-ap-¡v
_m[y-X \-t½m-Sv am-{Xw, F-sâ i-co-cw F-sâ A-h-Im-iw þ C-Xym-Zn
B-ZÀ-i-§Ä k-aq-l-¯n th-cq-¶m³ k-lm-bn-¡p-¶ en-_-d a-X-
hn-cp-² Pohn-X ho-£-Whpw B-ß-l-Xym-hÀ-[-\hpw G-sd _-Ô-ap-Å-
Xm-sW-¶v FÃm-hcpw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-I-bm-Wv BZyw th-ïXv. B-ßl-Xy
þ sIm-e-]m-X-I {]-h-W-X-IÄ-¡v h-fw sh-¡p-¶ kn\na þ ko-cn-bÂ
t]¡q-¯p-IÄ i-à-am-bn \n-b-{´n-¡p-Ibpw thWw. CXn-\-¸pdw, ap-
¼mtcm ]-d-ªXp-t]m-se tIc-fw {`m-´m-e-b-am-Im³ \n-¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-
IbmtWm \mw a-\p-jy-¸äp-Å-hÀ sN-t¿ïXv?

F-U‑n-äÀ C³ N‑mÀ-P‑v

C-_vdml‑o‑w k-J‑m-^‑n ]‑p-g-¡‑m-«‑n-cn-‑

5 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

\ne-]mSv

dlva¯pÃmlv kJm^n Ffacw

kvtIm-fÀ-jn¸v {]-Xn-tj[w

kp-¶n-{]-Øm\w
H-fn-t¨mSntbm?

kwØm\w `cn¨ Hcp cm{ãob ]mÀ«n \nÀhlnt¡@ {InbmßI CSs]Sen\p
]Icw k¦pNnX XmÂ]cyt¯msS Nne s]mSnss¡IÄ \S¯nt¸mcp¶ ]Xnhv
eoKns\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ]pXpabpÅ ImcyaÃ. AXpsIm@v Xs¶ ka-
kvXtbm tIcfm apkvenw PamA¯v, FkvsshFkv XpS§nb kwLS\Itfm
A¯cw cm{ãob Iem]cn]mSnIfn ]s¦Sp¡mdnÃ.

k-¨‑mÀ I-½‑o-j³ \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¡- h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K X-e-§-f‑n-
s‑e-Ã‑m‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ _-l‑p-Z‑q-c‑w
s‑¸-«-X‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p-s‑S ]‑n-¶‑m- ]‑n-¶‑n-e‑m-s‑W-¶‑v I-s‑ï-¯‑p-I-
¡‑m-h-Ø ]T‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v. F-«‑p b‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n
\‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-t‑e-s‑d-¡‑m-e‑w C‑u N‑n-e H-ä-s‑¸-« ]-²-X‑n-IÄ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-
c‑m-P‑y‑w `-c‑n-¨ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ k‑m- «‑p-s‑h-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-X‑n-
¼-¯‑n-I‑, h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑, D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K s‑e‑m-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k
X-e-§-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w Z-f‑n-X-t‑c-¡‑mÄ k‑v-t‑I‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑v. F-¶‑m C-X‑p
]‑n-¶‑n-e‑m-s‑W-¶ h-k‑v-X‑p-X I‑r- \-S-¸‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \‑y‑q-\-]-£ h‑n-`‑m-
X‑y-a‑m-b ]T-\-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w K‑w F-¶ s‑]‑m-X‑p-i‑oÀ-j-I-¯‑n-\‑p
I-½‑o-j³ ]‑p-d-¯‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p- I‑o-g‑n s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑n-I-b‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-
h-¶‑p. C‑u ]‑n-¶‑m-¡‑m-h-Ø e‑n‑w-IÄ-¡‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑p-Å k‑v-
]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m³ ]-e \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i- t‑I‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸-S-¡-a‑p-Å ]-²-X‑n-IÄ
§-f‑p‑w I-½‑o-j³ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-s‑h- 80þ20 F-¶ {‑I-a-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑m-ä‑p-I-
¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-¶-s‑¯ b‑p-]‑n-F b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p F-¶-X‑v A¶s¯
K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v k‑w-Ø‑m-\ kÀ-¡‑m- C-S-X‑p-]-£ K-h¬-s‑aâ‑n-\‑v k‑w-`-
d‑p-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v A-X‑p \-S-¸‑m-¡‑m³ h‑n-¨ s‑X-ä‑p-X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v.
\‑nÀ-t‑Z-i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.
X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v 2011þ2016 I‑m-e-¯‑v
t‑I-c-f‑o-b k‑m-l-N-c‑y-¯‑n `-c‑n-¨ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-e‑o-K‑v DÄ-s‑¸-« b‑p-
k-¨‑mÀ I-½‑o-j-s‑â I-s‑ï-¯- U‑n-F-^‑v kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p‑w B s‑X-ä‑v
e‑p-I-s‑f k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ- X‑n-c‑p-¯‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p a‑m-
«‑v \Â-I‑m³ \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¡-s‑¸-« {‑X-a-Ã‑, 80-þ20 F-¶-X‑v 60þ40 F-¶
]‑m-t‑e‑m-f‑n I-½‑n-ä‑n t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p‑w

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 6

c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑m-ä‑n ]‑p-\-{‑I-a‑o-I-c‑n- ï‑n s‑N-e-h-g‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S
¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v A-¶-s‑¯ t‑I‑m¬-{‑K- H-c‑p k-a‑p-Z‑m-b-s‑¯ h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑,
k‑v, e‑o-K‑v t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä A-S-§‑n-b s‑X‑m-g‑n t‑a-J-e-I-f‑n a-ä‑p-Å-
\‑y‑q-\-]-£ I-½‑o-j³ i‑n-]‑mÀ-i hÀ-s‑¡‑m-¸-s‑a-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å H-c‑p
s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶ d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p‑w F-f‑n-b {‑i-a‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w s‑h-¨‑p-s‑]‑m-
C-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑p-d-¯‑p-h-¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. d‑p-¸‑n-¡‑n-Ã F-¶ \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v c‑q-]-
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p-s‑S ]‑n-¶‑m-¡‑m-h-Ø s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑v K‑u-c-h-t‑¯‑m-s‑S
]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m³ s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶ \‑m-a- I‑m-t‑W-ï-X‑m-W‑v. F-Ã‑m a‑p-¶-W‑n-
a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b C‑u ]-²-X‑n C-c‑p-a‑p- IÄ-¡‑p‑w N‑n-e c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-
¶-W‑n-I-f‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¶‑p A-«‑n-a-d‑n-¨‑p §Ä C‑u h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-e‑p-ï‑v F-¶-
F-¶‑p N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w. C-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑I‑m- X‑p a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y‑w.
S-X‑n h‑n-[‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-d-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v b‑p-
U‑n-F-^‑v I‑m-e-s‑¯ \‑y‑q-\-]-£ C-S-X‑p a‑p-¶-W‑n-s‑b k‑w-_-Ô‑n-
I-½‑o-j³ i‑n-]‑mÀ-i s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑p- ¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w N‑n-e k-`‑m-t‑\-X‑m-¡-
t‑]‑m-s‑e 60þ40 F-¶ {‑I-a-¯‑n f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a‑p-¶-W‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯-s‑¶
]-²-X‑n \-S-¸‑m-¡‑m³ ]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n s‑s‑{‑I-k‑v-X-h‑m-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y-a‑p-Å ]‑mÀ-
kÀ-¡‑mÀ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-s‑a-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑n- «‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-½À-Z-§Ä ]-c‑n-
¡‑p-¶‑p. K-W‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑m-h‑m‑w. \‑y‑q-\-
]-£ h-I‑p-¸‑v a-{‑´‑n-b‑m-b‑n ]‑mÀ-«‑n
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-§Ä ]-{‑X-¯‑n X-s‑¶ {‑]-J‑y‑m-]-\‑w
h-¶-b‑m-s‑f a‑m-ä‑n B h-I‑p-¸‑v a‑p-
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-s‑f k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S- J‑y-a-{‑´‑n G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯-X‑v DÄ-s‑¸-s‑S
t‑¯‑m-f‑w C-X‑p h-f-s‑c X‑p-Ñ-a‑m-b bpÅ Nm-©m-«-§-fn C-h-c‑p-s‑S
H-c‑p k-l‑m-b‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. k-a‑p- i-à-a‑m-b k-½À-Z¯n\v K-h¬-
Z‑m-b k‑w-L-S-\-IÄ A-X‑n-s‑â saâv Io-sgm-Xp-§nbXmb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-
F-{‑X-t‑b‑m a-S-§‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑n- s‑h-¶-X‑v F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w t‑_‑m-[‑y-
Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-¡‑p t‑h- a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v. 80þ-20 h‑n-j-b‑w
t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ h-k‑v-

7 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

X‑p-X t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-s‑b t‑_‑m-[‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p- kv-tImfÀjn¸nsâ Im-
¶-X‑n t‑h-ï-{‑X {‑i-a-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-à cy¯n e`n¨psIm@ncn
F-¶‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w k-a‑p-Z‑m- ¡p¶ B\pIqeyw \ã
b‑w h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. \‑y‑q-\-]-£ s¸Snà F¶ apJya{´n
]-²-X‑n F-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n \-S-¸‑m-¡‑n- bpsS Dd¸nepw Bi¦
b-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-_-²-s‑a-¶‑v t‑_‑m- _m¡nbmsW¶p-
[‑y-s‑¸-« Ø‑n-X‑n-¡‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b \‑n-b-a-\‑nÀ- WÀ¯nbt¸mÄ, \nba
a‑m-W-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S C-X‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ-¡‑p \nÀamW¯neqsS Xs¶
a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¸‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑s‑{‑I-k‑v- AXp ZqcoIcn¡psa
X-h ]‑n-¶‑m-¡‑m-h-Ø ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n- ¶mWv kÀ¡mÀ Dd¸p
\‑m-b‑n ]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n kÀ-¡‑mÀ X-s‑¶ \ÂInbn«pÅXv. XpSÀ
\‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨ t‑I‑m-i‑n I-½‑o-j³ d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ- \S]SnIsf B{ibn¨m
«‑v h-¶ t‑i-j‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¦‑n bncn¡pw {]Øm\¯nsâ
A-h-c‑n-s‑e ]‑n-¶‑m-¡-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w k-a‑m-\ hcpw-Ime \o¡§Ä.
]-²-X‑n-IÄ s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶‑p {‑]-i‑v-\‑w
]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑\‑m- e-t‑b‑m a‑p³-a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n D-½³
¶‑p‑w I‑m-¯‑p-\‑nÂ-¡‑m-s‑X-b‑p-Å [‑r-X‑n- N‑m-ï‑n-t‑b‑m h‑n-j-b-¯‑n I‑r-
]‑n-S‑n-¨ \-S-]-S‑n-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p-X-s‑¶ X‑y-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-X‑n-I-c‑n-¡‑m-¯X‑
C-X‑n-s‑â ]‑n-¶‑n-s‑e c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑w h‑y-à- pw. C-X‑n-s‑â-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w ]‑n-¶‑n-s‑e
a‑m-h‑p‑w. c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-s‑a-´‑m-s‑W-¶‑v t‑I-c-
f‑o-b k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑v \-¶‑m-b‑n
b‑p-U‑n-F-^‑n-s‑\ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑p A-d‑n-b‑m‑w. F-¶‑m s‑F-I‑y-a‑p-
]-d-ª‑mÂ‑, A-hÀ-¡‑v C-¡‑m-c‑y-¯‑n ¶-W‑n-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-_-e ]‑mÀ-«‑n-
H-c‑p G-I‑o-I‑r-X A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑e- b‑m-b a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-e‑o-K‑v a‑p-¶-W‑n-
¯‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. C‑u A-«‑n-a-d‑n s‑b C‑u A-\‑o-X‑n-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c
\‑q-d‑p i-X-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w s‑X-ä‑m-s‑W-¶‑v t‑_‑m- A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¯‑p-¶-X‑n Z-b-\‑o-
[‑y-s‑¸-S‑m-¯-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï-Ã {‑]-X‑n-]-£ b-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑m-P-b-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ
t‑\-X‑m-h‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä a‑m-ä‑n-a‑m-ä‑n a‑p-J‑w a‑n-\‑p-¡Â ]-²-X‑n-b‑p-
]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w F-´‑n- a‑m-b‑n C-d-§‑n-¯‑n-c‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑p
\‑p‑w G-X‑n-\‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-I-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-Å a‑p³-
{‑]-X‑n-]-£ t‑\-X‑m-h‑v c-t‑a-i‑v s‑N-¶‑n-¯-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 8

]‑n-¶‑n-e‑p‑w k-¦‑p-N‑n-X c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-
X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v. ï‑p-h-¶ C‑u ]-²-X‑n s‑s‑a-t‑\‑m-d‑n-ä‑n
F-¶ s‑]‑m-X‑p-i‑oÀ-j-I-¯‑n-\‑p I‑o-
k-a‑p-Z‑m-b ]‑mÀ-«‑n F-¶ \‑n-e- g‑n \-S-¸‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-e‑p-Å A-_-²‑w
¡‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w e‑o-K‑v s‑N-t‑¿-ï‑n-b‑n- a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w (A-X‑m-W‑v C‑u
c‑p-¶-X‑v X-§Ä DÄ-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶ h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b
a‑p-¶-W‑n-s‑b C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p A-\‑o- A-_-²-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-t‑Ã‑m I‑p-ª‑m-
X‑n-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c H-ä-s‑¡-«‑m-b‑n c‑w-K- e‑n-¡‑p-«‑n F‑w-FÂ-F \‑n-b-a-k-`-
¯‑n-d-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w \‑n-b-a-k-`-¡-I- b‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v) A-©‑p hÀ-j‑w
¯‑p‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑, \‑n-b-a k-a-b‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-«‑p‑w F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v
t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§Ä \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. X‑n-c‑p-¯‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-Ã? C-t‑X‑m-
A-X‑n-\‑p I-g‑n-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n A-X‑v s‑S‑m-¸‑w 80þ-20 F-¶-X‑v 60þ40t‑e-¡‑v
e‑o-K‑n-s‑â c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b ]-c‑m-P-b-a‑m-W‑v. a‑m-ä-W-s‑a-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n i‑n-]‑mÀ-i s‑N-b‑v-
G-ä-h‑p‑w N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b-X‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w X-X‑v b‑p-U‑n-F-^‑v I‑m-e-s‑¯ e‑o-K‑v
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b ]‑mÀ-«‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w k-a‑m-\ DÄ-¸-« \‑y‑q-\-]-£ I-½‑o-j-\-t‑Ã?
\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p-Å a-ä‑p ]‑mÀ-«‑n-

I-s‑f-b‑p‑w k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v k-a-c‑,
\‑n-b-a t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§Ä k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-
¡‑p-I-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
C-X‑n-\‑p e‑o-K‑v a‑p-X‑n-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ N‑n-e
t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§-s‑f A-hÀ A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-
I-c‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n-h-c‑p‑w. 80þ20 F-¶
A-\‑p-]‑m-X-¯‑n 2011þ2016 I‑m-e-
b-f-h‑n k‑v-t‑I‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑v ]-²-X‑n
\-S-¸‑m-¡‑n-b K-h¬-s‑aâ‑n e‑o-K‑v
]-¦‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-t‑Ã? F-´‑p-
s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-¶‑v X‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã?

9 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

CS-Xp-]-£-¯nsâ sXäv ]n¶oSv `cn¨ apkvenweoKv DÄs¸« bpUnF^v kÀ¡mÀ
Xncp¯m³ X¿mdmbnsöp am{XaÃ, 60þ40 F¶ coXnbnte¡v ]p\:{IaoI
cn¡Wsa¶v in]mÀi sNbvXXp hgn kap-Zm-bs¯ Ac-£n-Xm-h-Ø-bn-em-¡p-I
bpw sNbvXp. apkvenwIfpsS ]n¶m¡mhØ ]cnlcn¡m³ sIm@ph¶
\maam{Xamb Cu ]²Xn Ccpap¶WnIfpw tNÀ¶mWv A«nadn¨Xv.

C-¯-c‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§-s‑f A-{‑U-Ê‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S
s‑N-¿‑m-s‑X c-£-s‑¸-S‑m³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w \-S-¯‑n-t‑¸‑m-c‑p-¶ ]-X‑n-h‑v e‑o-K‑n-s‑\
e‑o-K‑v ]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w ]‑p-X‑p-a-
H-c‑p A-S-h‑p-\-b-a‑p-ï‑v. A-X‑m-W‑v b‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y-a-Ã F-¶-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v
k-a‑p-Z‑m-b k‑w-L-S-\-I-s‑f a‑p-¶‑n- X-s‑¶ _-l‑p. I‑m-´-]‑p-c‑w F-]‑n
e‑n-«‑p I-f‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v. C-X‑n- A-_‑q-_-¡À a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ t‑\-X‑r-
e‑q-s‑S C-c-« e-£‑y-a‑m-W‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n X‑z‑w \Â-I‑p-¶ k-a-k‑v-X t‑I-c-f
I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v. H-¶‑v, X-§Ä C‑u P‑w-C-¿-¯‑p D-e-a-t‑b‑m t‑I-c-f‑m
h‑n-j-b-¯‑n I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n C-S-s‑]- a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑v, F-k‑v-s‑s‑h-
S‑p-¶‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v k-a‑p-Z‑m-b-s‑¯ t‑_‑m- F-k‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b k‑w-L-S-\-I-t‑f‑m
[‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I. c-ï‑v, A-X‑p-h-g‑n C-¯-c‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-a‑p-Å
c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b i‑m-à‑o-I-c-W‑w k‑m-[‑y-a‑m- I-e‑m-]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m-
¡‑p-I. C-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p a‑m-ä-m\‑m- d‑n-Ã.
h‑m-¯ h‑n-[‑w ]-t‑ï I‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å
H-c‑p a-X-k‑w-L-S-\-s‑b-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p a‑p-¼‑v i-c‑o-A-¯‑v h‑n-h‑m-Z‑w
N‑n-e I-S-e‑m-k‑v k‑w-L-S-\-I-s‑f-b‑p- D-bÀ-¶‑p-h-¶ L-«-¯‑nÂ‑, i-c‑o-A-
a‑m-W‑v I‑q-«‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ¯‑v \‑n-b-a-§Ä X‑n-c‑p-¯-W-s‑a-¶‑v
\‑n-c-´-c‑w h‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶ a‑p-P‑m-l‑n-
H-c‑p c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b ]‑mÀ-«‑n \‑nÀ-h-l‑n- Z‑v, P-a‑m-A-s‑¯ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-b‑p-
t‑¡-ï {‑I‑n-b‑m-ß-I C-S-s‑]-SÂ a‑m-b‑n t‑NÀ-¶‑v e‑o-K‑v i-c‑o-A-¯‑v
\-S-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w C-¯- k‑w-c-£-W k-a‑n-X‑n D-ï‑m-¡‑n-
c‑w s‑]‑m-S‑n-s‑s‑¡-IÄ k-¦‑p-N‑n-X b-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w k‑p-¶‑n {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 10

A-X‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w t‑NÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. kapZmbs¯ hnZym`ymk,
s‑F-I‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w sXmgn taJeIfnÂ
t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑p-Å h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-e‑m-h-W‑w. aäpÅhÀs¡m¸sa¯n¡m\pÅ
A-s‑Ã-¦‑n h‑n-]-c‑o-X ^-e-a‑m-W‑v Hcp Ffnb {iaw t]mepw
D-f-h‑m-¡‑p-I F-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑p-s‑I‑m- sh¨ps]mdp¸n¡nà F¶
ï‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v i-c‑o-A-¯‑v h‑n-j- \ne]mSv cq]s¸Sp¶psh¶Xv
b-¯‑n k-a-k‑v-X t‑\-c‑n-«‑v C-S-s‑]- Kucht¯msS ImtW@XmWv.
«-X‑v.
_-Ô-s‑¸-« NÀ-¨-IÄ \-S-¯‑p-I-
]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v k‑v-I‑qÄ k-a-b-a‑m-ä‑w b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. h‑n-Z-K‑v-[-c‑p-s‑S \‑n-b-
h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ a-Z‑v-d-k‑m k‑w-c-£-W t‑a‑m-]-t‑Z-i‑w e-`‑n-¨‑m k‑p-{‑]‑o‑w-t‑I‑m-
k-a‑n-X‑n h-¶‑p‑, k‑n-F-F _‑n-Ã‑v S-X‑n-s‑b k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑m³ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v
s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑u-c-X‑z k‑w- D-t‑±-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
c-£-W k-a‑n-X‑n‑, C-t‑¸‑mÄ k-¨‑mÀ
k‑w-c-£-W k-a‑n-X‑n h-¶‑p. C-X‑n C-X‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-s‑a a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n-s‑b
]-e-X‑n-t‑â-b‑p‑w ]‑n-d-I‑n-e‑p-Å k-¦‑p- I‑m-´-]‑p-c‑w D-k‑v-X‑m-Z‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-
N‑n-X c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w ¯‑n t‑\-c‑n-«‑v k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
k‑n-F-F t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å h‑n-j-b-§Ä k‑v-t‑I‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑v A-«‑n-a-d‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-
`-c-W-L-S-\‑m {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-b‑n D-bÀ- X‑n-e‑p-Å {‑]-X‑n-t‑j-[‑w i-à-a‑m-b‑n
¯‑n-¡‑m-«‑n A-X‑p-h-g‑n C-´‑y-¡‑m- A-d‑n-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. k-a‑p-
c‑p-s‑S s‑a‑m-¯‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m- Z‑m-b‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]‑n-¶‑m-¡‑m-
ï‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w h-Ø-b‑p-s‑S B-g‑w a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n-s‑b
h‑n-j-b-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-I t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å t‑_‑m-[‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w k-¨‑mÀ
A-]-I-S-§Ä X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑p-s‑I‑m- I-½‑o-j-s‑â a-ä‑p \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i-§Ä
ï‑p-X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v ]-I‑z-X-b‑p-Å {‑]- I‑q-S‑n \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n {‑]-i‑v-\ ]-c‑n-
Ø‑m-\ t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w A-¯-c‑w X-«‑n- l‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑p t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \Â-I‑m³
¡‑q-«‑v I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a-b‑n ]-¦‑p-t‑N-c‑m-s‑X A-`‑yÀ-°‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-
G-X‑p h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w {‑I‑n-b‑m-ß-I ï‑v. k‑v-t‑I‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑n-s‑â I‑m-c‑y-
C-S-s‑]-S \-S-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑X-k- ¯‑n e-`‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶
a-b‑w A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y-s‑a-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶ B-\‑p-I‑q-e‑y‑w \-ã-s‑¸-S‑n-Ã F-¶
N‑n-e k‑w-b‑p-à t‑b‑m-K-§-f‑n-s‑e- a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n-b‑p-s‑S D-d-¸‑n-e‑p‑w B-i-
Ã‑m‑w ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m-d‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. ¦ _‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑p-WÀ-¯‑n-b-
t‑¸‑mÄ‑, \‑n-b-a-\‑nÀ-a‑m-W-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S
k‑v-t‑I‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑v C-S-s‑]-SÂ X-s‑¶ A-X‑p Z‑q-c‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-
W‑v kÀ-¡‑mÀ D-d-¸‑p \Â-I‑n-b‑n-«‑p-
e‑o-K‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n Å-X‑v. G-X‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ \-S-]-
k-¨‑mÀ k‑w-c-£-W k-a‑n-X‑n S‑n-I-s‑f B-{‑i-b‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w
{‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â h-c‑p‑w-I‑m-e
X-s‑¶ h‑n-j-b-k‑w-_-Ô‑n-b‑m-b \‑o-¡-§Ä. N‑p-c‑p-¡-¯‑nÂ‑, s‑]‑m-
A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b c‑q-]‑o-I-c-W-h‑p‑w C‑u X‑p h‑n-j-b-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w k‑m-a‑p-Z‑m-
A-\‑o-X‑n-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c s‑]‑m-X‑p-t‑_‑m- b‑n-I-a‑m-b {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑n-e‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w
[‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶ e-£‑y-h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-X-¡-¸‑p-d‑w k‑p-N‑n-´‑n-
a‑p³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n \‑n-c-h-[‑n h‑n-Z-K‑v-[-s‑c X-h‑p‑w {‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w
]-s‑¦-S‑p-¸‑n-¨‑v k‑p-¶‑n {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â \‑o-¡-§Ä.
s‑h-_‑n-\‑mÀ k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p- X‑mÂ-¡‑m-e‑n-I c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b e-£‑y-
ï‑m-b‑n. \‑n-b-a-t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-¯‑n-\‑p §-f‑p-t‑S-t‑b‑m Ø‑m-]‑n-X X‑mÂ-]-
t‑h-ï‑n-b‑p-Å a‑p-s‑¶‑m-c‑p-¡-§Ä c‑y-§-f‑p-t‑S-t‑b‑m a-d-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p h-c‑p-¶-
\-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶ A-`‑n-`‑m- h-c‑p-s‑S X-«‑n-¡‑q-«‑v a‑p-¶-W‑n-b‑nÂ
j-I k‑w-L-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n C-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w X-f-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-d‑n-Ã.

11 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

ImenIw

Dss\kv HXp¡p§Â

_oam¸Ån:
kn\n-a- ]IÀ¯m¯
Ncn{Xhpw hÀ¯am\hpw

l‑n-P‑v-d F-«‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n a-¡- b‑p-s‑S k‑z-]‑v-\ ZÀ-i-\-¯‑n-\‑p
`‑m-K‑y‑w e-`‑n-¨‑p. {‑]-t‑_‑m-[-\ {‑]-hÀ-
b‑n-s‑e J‑p-s‑s‑d-i‑n t‑K‑m-{‑X-¯‑n ¯-\-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n C-´‑y-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p
P-\‑n-¨‑v A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â {‑]‑o-X‑n-¡‑m- t‑]‑m-I-W-s‑a-¶‑v {‑]-h‑m-N-IÀ(-k‑z‑)
b‑n P‑o-h‑n-X‑w k-aÀ-¸‑n-¨ k‑q-^‑n k‑z-]‑v-\-¯‑n \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i‑n-¨‑p. s‑s‑ZÀ-
h-\‑n-X-b‑m-W‑v _‑o-a‑m D-½. B-c‑m-[- L‑y-t‑a-d‑n-b b‑m-{‑X-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-h‑nÂ
\‑m IÀ-a-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w C-e‑m-l‑o k‑v-a-c- C-c‑p-h-c‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-t‑¨À-¶‑p.
W-b‑n-e‑p‑w a-l-X‑n-s‑¡‑m-¯ t‑b‑m-K‑y- X‑n-c‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c-s‑¯ “X‑n-c‑p-h-Ã‑w”
\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-I³ s‑s‑i-J‑v k-¿‑n-Z‑v F-¶ Ø-e-¯‑v Ø‑n-c X‑m-a-k-a‑m-
i-l‑o-Z‑v a‑m-l‑o³ A-_‑q-_-¡À. ¡‑n.
s‑N-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-t‑e a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n
P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. H-c‑p Z‑n- a‑m-e‑n-I‑v-_‑v-\‑p Z‑o-\‑m-d‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w
h-k‑w C-c‑p-hÀ-¡‑p‑w X‑n-c‑p-\-_‑n(k‑z‑) t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I

\nbahmgvN¡v FXncp\n¶ apkven-ansâ s\©¯v \nd-sbm-gn-¡pI
am{Xta t]meokv sNbvXp-Åq-sh¶ [z\n Cu kn\na ]I-cp-¶p.
\s«Ãp XIÀs¶mcp kaq-ls¯ F{X shSn-¸m-bmWv ho@pw
sh«n-\n-c-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv !

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 12

{‑]-t‑_‑m-[-I-c‑nÂ-s‑]-« C-c‑p-h-c‑p‑w G-I-]-£‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n C-h-s‑c ]-c‑m-P-
a-X I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-s‑e-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n. a‑m-l‑o³ h-e‑n-¿‑p-Ã‑m-
s‑s‑h-Z‑y-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-h‑o-W- l‑n i-l‑o-Z‑m-b‑n. 40 Z‑n-h-k-¯‑n-\‑p
c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-hÀ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e A-i- t‑i-j‑w _‑o-a‑m _‑o-h‑n-b‑p‑w C‑u
c-WÀ-¡‑v X-W-e‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n. J‑pÀ-B- t‑e‑m-I-t‑¯‑m-S‑v h‑n-S-]-d-ª‑p. C-h-c‑p-
\‑n-I h-N-\-§Ä a-{‑´‑n-¨‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w s‑S k‑v-a-c-W‑mÀ-°‑w \‑nÀ-a‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v
a‑m-d‑m-h‑y‑m-[‑n-IÄ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w i-a‑n-¨- _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-Å I‑m-e-§-
t‑¸‑mÄ P-\-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n h-e‑n-b f‑n C-h‑n-s‑S t‑\À-¨ A-c-t‑§-d‑p-I-
k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-X-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. C-c‑p-h-c‑p-s‑S- b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. ZÀ-K-b‑p-a‑p-bÀ-¶‑p. C‑u
b‑p‑w {‑]-i-k‑v-X‑n s‑X-¡³ X‑n-c‑p-h‑n- ]-Å‑n-b‑n-s‑e a‑q-¶‑m-a-s‑¯- J-_À
X‑m‑w-I‑q-d‑n h‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. A-h-c‑p-s‑S _‑m-_‑m a-k‑v-X‑m-t‑â-X‑m-W‑v-. P‑m-X‑n-a-
k‑z-`‑m-h s‑s‑\À-a-e‑y-h‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-c‑o- X-t‑`-Z-a-t‑\‑y X-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-i‑v-\-]-c‑n-
X‑n-I-f‑p‑w X‑m-g‑v-¶ P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-s‑c-¶‑v l‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n P-\-§Ä C-h‑n-s‑S
a‑p-{‑Z-b-S‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-h-s‑c I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑n h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â-
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-t‑e-¡‑m-IÀ-j‑n-¨‑p. k‑m-a‑q- b‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w {‑]-X‑o-I-
l‑n-I L-S-\-b‑n h-e‑n-b a‑m-ä-§- a‑m-b‑n _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n a‑m-d‑n. ]-Å‑n-s‑b
f‑p-ï‑m-¡‑p-¶ I‑o-g‑v-P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S N‑p-ä‑n-¸-ä‑n P-\-h‑m-k-h‑p‑w I-¨-h-S
]-c‑n-hÀ-¯-\‑w X-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑n-e Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p‑w h-¶‑p.
\‑nÂ-]‑n-\‑p `‑o-j-W‑n-b‑m-b‑n I-ï
X‑n-c‑p-h‑n-X‑m‑w-I‑qÀ c‑m-P‑m-h‑v a‑mÀ- _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑v a‑p-k‑v-
¯‑m-Þ hÀ-a A-hÀ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c e‑n‑w-I-f‑p‑w H-¶-c I‑n.-a‑o-äÀ A-I-
X‑n-c‑n-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑n-t‑Z-i‑n-I-f‑m-b C-h- s‑e-b‑p-Å s‑N-d‑n-b-X‑p-d(t‑P‑m-\-I
c‑n \‑n-¶‑v I-c‑w ]‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑m³ ]‑q-´‑p-d F-¶‑m-W‑v a‑p-¼‑v A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-
X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. «‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v) `‑m-K-¯‑v I-t‑¯‑m-e‑n-¡³
“C‑u `‑q-a‑n A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-t‑â-X‑m-W‑v, s‑s‑{‑I-k‑v-X-h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p X‑n-§‑n-
C-X‑n-s‑â A-h-I‑m-i-¯‑n F-Ã‑m- ¯‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. k-a‑m-[‑m-\-¯‑n-
h-c‑p‑w X‑p-e‑y-c‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-\‑m e‑p‑w H-c‑p-a-b‑n-e‑p‑w I-g‑n-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-¶
BÀ-¡‑p‑w I-c‑w \Â-t‑I-ï-X‑n-Ã.” C-c‑p {‑]-t‑Z-i-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w A-k‑z-Ø-
_‑o-a‑m _‑o-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W-a‑n- a‑m-¡‑n-b k‑w-`-h ]-c-¼-c-IÄ 2009
X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑a-b‑v 8 c‑m-{‑X‑n 11 a-W‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S-b‑m-
W‑v A-c-t‑§-d‑p-¶-X‑v. _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-
a‑m-l‑o³ A-_‑q-_-¡À l-Ö‑n- ¡-S‑p-¯‑p-Å ]‑oÀ-a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-s‑â
\‑p t‑]‑m-b t‑h-f-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I-S-b‑n s‑I‑m-¼‑v j‑n-_‑p F-¶
k‑w-`-h‑w. l-Ö‑v I-g‑n-s‑ª-¯‑n-b {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I K‑p-ï h-¶‑v k‑m-[-\-
a-I-t‑\‑m-S‑v D-½ \-S-¶-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w §Ä h‑m-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑n-e \Â-I‑m-
A-d‑n-b‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑\ X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v a‑m-l‑o³ X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v s‑F-I‑y-
h-e‑n-b‑p-Ã‑m-l‑v a‑mÀ-¯‑m-Þ hÀ- t‑I-c-f‑w I-ï-X‑n s‑h-¨‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w
a-s‑b k-µÀ-i‑n-¨‑v I‑m-c‑y‑w t‑_‑m-[‑y- h-e‑n-b hÀ-K‑o-b {‑]-i‑v-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-\‑m-b‑n ]‑p-d-s‑¸-«‑p. ]-t‑£‑, s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑n-\‑p‑w t‑l-X‑p-I-a‑m-I‑p-
A-s‑X‑m-c‑p G-ä‑p-a-«-e‑n-e‑m-W‑v I-e‑m- s‑a-¶‑v B-c‑p‑w I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑n-Ã.
i‑n-¨-X‑v. kÀ-h‑m-b‑p-[ k-Ö-c‑m-b A-{‑I-a‑n-s‑b \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w
a‑mÀ-¯‑m-Þ hÀ-a-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑k-\‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑m-t‑¡-ä-a‑p-ï‑m-h‑p-I-

cm{ãob XmÂ]cy§Ä¡p th@n bYmÀ° Ncn{Xs¯ "amenIv '
h{Io-Icn¡p¶psh¶XmWv hmkvXhw. A¶v tIcfw `cn¨ncp¶
CSXp]£ kÀ¡mcns\ t]cn\p t]mepw t\mhn¡msX c£n-s¨-Sp¡m³
Akm-am-\y-amb I¿-S¡w kn\na ImWn¡p-¶p@v.

13 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. e‑p‑w H-¶‑p‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑n-Ã. a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑,
A-{‑I-a‑n s‑s‑I k‑z-b‑w a‑p-d‑n-s‑¸- s‑a-b‑v 25\‑v X‑p-S-§‑p-¶ _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n
D-d‑q-k‑v \-S-¯‑m³ k-½-X‑n-¡‑n-s‑Ã-
S‑p-¯‑n X‑m³ F-b‑v-U‑v-k‑v t‑c‑m-K‑n- ¶‑v B-t‑{‑I‑m-i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-
b‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w \‑n-§-f‑n s‑s‑h-d- f‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-{‑I-a‑n-s‑b
k‑v ]-IÀ-¯‑p-s‑a-¶‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p s‑s‑k‑z-c-h‑n-l‑m-c-¯‑n-\-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶
`‑o-j-W‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑n t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v \-S-]-S‑n \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑p‑w ]-W‑w ]-ä‑m-d‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- A-¦-e‑m-¸‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n. F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
¶‑p. A-b‑mÄ C‑u h‑n-Z‑y ]‑p-d- t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n-s‑â D-d-¸‑v \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑nÂ
s‑¯-S‑p-¯-t‑X‑m-s‑S \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ B-i‑z‑m-k-a‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n.
A-¶‑p-X-s‑¶ t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑nÂ
]-c‑m-X‑n \Â-I‑n. t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v C-X‑v ]-t‑£‑, 17\‑v c‑m-h‑n-s‑e K‑p-ï-b‑p‑w
A-h-K-W‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v {‑]-i‑v-\‑w k‑w-L-h‑p‑w {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑v h‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑p-
h-j-f‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. A-¶-b‑m-s‑f ¶-X‑m-W‑v P-\-§Ä I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v.
]‑n-S‑n-I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n ]‑n-¶‑o- s‑N-d‑n-b-X‑p-d-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p _‑o-a‑m-]-
S‑p-ï‑m-b Z‑p-c-´‑w H-g‑n-h‑m-¡‑m-a‑m- Å‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p h-c‑p-¶ h‑m-l-\-§Ä
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-S-b‑m-\‑p‑w k‑w-L‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑p.
D-d‑q-k‑v A-e-t‑¦‑m-e-a‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶
_‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w s‑N-d‑n-b- B-i-¦ hÀ-[‑n-¨‑p. k‑w-`-h-a-d‑n-ª‑v
X‑p-d-¡‑m-c‑p‑w `‑q-c‑n-`‑m-K-h‑p‑w a-Õ‑y- t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑mÀ Ø-e-s‑¯-¯‑n.
_-Ô-\-¡‑m-c‑m-W‑v. A-{‑I-a‑n F-¶‑m A-{‑I-a‑n-IÄ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c
_‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S G-X‑m-\‑p‑w \‑n-b-a \-S-]-S‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v
h-Å-§-f‑p‑w h-e-I-f‑p‑w I-¯‑n-¨‑p. ]-I-c‑w 2:45\‑v t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v k‑m-[‑m-c-
\‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ h‑o-ï‑p‑w t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n W-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p t‑\-s‑c s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¡‑m³
]-c‑m-X‑n \Â-I‑n. P‑n-Ã‑m I-e-ÎÀ X‑p-S-§‑n. \-S-]-S‑n-{‑I-a-§Ä ]‑m-e‑n-
k-R‑v-P-b‑v I‑uÄ Ø-e-s‑¯-¯‑n ¡‑m-s‑X \-S-¯‑n-b s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v
k-a‑m-[‑m-\ t‑b‑m-K‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p t‑NÀ- X‑n-c X‑oÀ-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v A-h-k‑m-
¯‑p. C-¶‑v X-s‑¶ A-{‑I-a‑n-s‑b \‑n-¸‑n-¨-s‑X-¶‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-
A-d-Ì‑v s‑N-¿‑p-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-s‑ª-¦‑n-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 14

s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. 6 P‑o-h-\‑p-IÄ Npcp-§n-b-]£w Nne-cpsS B\
\-ã-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w 52 t‑]À-¡‑v ]-c‑n- µe_v[n¡p th@n CcIsf
t‑¡Â-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. C-X‑n BhÀ¯n¨p Nhn-«n-b-c-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-
27 t‑]À-¡‑p‑w ]-c‑n-¡‑p ]-ä‑n-b-X‑v \pÅ DZm-c-Xsb-¦nepw AXncp
t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v s‑h-S‑n-t‑b-ä‑m-W‑v. s‑k-b‑v- IS¶ Bhn-jvIm-c-¯n-\n-S-bnÂ
X-e-h‑n(24‑)‑, _‑m-Z‑p-j(34‑)‑, ^‑n-t‑d‑m- ImWn-¡mambncp¶p. FcnXobnÂ
k‑v(16‑)‑, A-Ò-Z‑v A-e‑n(45‑)‑, A-Ð‑p F®sbmgn¡p¶ {]XoXnbmWv
l-a‑o-Z‑v(27‑)‑, A-Ð‑p K-\‑n(55‑) _oam-]-Ån-bnse \nÊ-lmb P\-
F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v k‑w-`-h Ø-e-¯‑v hn-`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw
s‑h-¨‑v s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¸-«-X‑v. ]-c‑n-t‑¡-ä a‑p- Cu Ne-¨n{Xw D@m-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv.
l-½-Z‑v k-e‑o‑w‑, C-_‑v-d‑m-l‑o‑w k-e‑o‑w ]Xnäm@p ]gInb apdnhpIfmWv
F-¶‑n-hÀ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑p a-c-W-s‑¸-«‑p. ho@pw Npc@n {hW-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-
B-Z‑y‑w s‑h-S‑n-t‑b-ä‑p h‑o-W-X‑v I-S-¸‑p- ¶Xv.
d-¯‑v {‑I‑n-¡-ä‑v I-f‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-¶
]-X‑n-\‑m-d‑p h-b-Ê‑p-Å ^‑n-t‑d‑m-k‑n- A-k‑n-Ìâ‑v t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v I-½‑o-j-
\‑m-W‑v. A-h-s‑\ t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑mÀ W-d‑m-b F-h‑n t‑P‑mÀ-P‑n-\‑m-W‑v(C-
a-®‑n-e‑q-s‑S h-e‑n-¨‑n-g-¡‑p-¶ h‑o-U‑n- t‑¸‑m-Ä t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v k‑n-ä‑n t‑]‑m-
t‑b‑m Z‑r-i‑y-§Ä ]‑p-d-¯‑p-h-c‑n-I-b‑p- e‑o-k‑v I-½‑o-j-WÀ‑). A-¶-s‑¯
ï‑m-b‑n. G-ä-h‑p‑w D-¶-X D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-\‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-¶ C-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c
I-e-I‑v-S-d‑p-t‑S-t‑b‑m F-I‑v-k‑n-I‑y‑q- ]-t‑£ \-S-]-S‑n-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-Ã.
«‑o-h‑v a-P‑n-k‑v-t‑{‑S-ä‑n-t‑â-t‑b‑m A-\‑p-a-
X‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v G-I-
s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v. k‑n-ä‑n -t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v I-½‑o- ]-£‑o-b-a‑m-b A{I-aW§Ä
j-W-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F.h‑n t‑K‑m-]‑n-\‑m-Y‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p‑w
A-¶‑v A-h-[‑n-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m A-{‑I-a‑n k‑w-L-h‑p‑w H-c‑p `‑m-K-
]-I-c‑w N‑p-a-X-e-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v

15 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

¯‑p‑w s‑N-d‑n-b-X‑p-d-¡‑m-c‑p‑w _‑o-a‑m- i-d-^‑p-±‑o³ F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-
¸-Å‑n \‑n-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑p‑w A-S-§‑p-¶ ¸‑n-\‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \Â-I‑n-b-X‑v. s‑I‑m-
h‑n-`‑m-K‑w a-d‑p-`‑m-K-¯‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑n- e-b‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-b t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑m-s‑c
¶‑p. t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v X-§-f‑p-s‑S `‑m-K‑w I‑p-d-¨‑p I‑m-e-t‑¯-¡‑v k-k‑v-s‑]â‑v
\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-h-s‑c I‑p-d-¨‑v ]‑n-d-t‑I‑m-«‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. C-h-s‑c ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑p X‑n-c‑n-
h-e‑n-¨‑p. t‑i-j‑w H-c‑p a‑p-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑p- s‑¨-S‑p-¯-X‑v Ø‑m-\-¡-b-ä‑w \Â-I‑n-
a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v b‑p‑w.
F-¶‑v Z‑r-I‑v-k‑m-£‑n-IÄ s‑h-f‑n-s‑¸-
S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. P-\-¡‑q-«-s‑¯ I-e‑m-]-¯‑n-s‑â C-c-I-s‑f ]‑n-¶‑o-
]‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-S‑m³ k‑m-[‑m-c-W s‑N- S‑v B-c‑p X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑n?
¿‑p-¶ \-S-]-S‑n-{‑I-a-§-f‑m-b P-e-]‑o-c- s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¸-« A-Ð‑p K-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S
¦‑n-t‑b‑m e‑m-¯‑n-¨‑mÀ-t‑P‑m H-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m- I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â A-h-Ø Z-b-\‑o-
s‑X t‑\-c‑n-«‑p s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v b‑w. s‑]‑m-f‑n-ª‑p-h‑o-g‑m-d‑m-b h‑o-S‑p‑w
s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. Z‑m-c‑n-{‑Z‑y-h‑p‑w B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯
A-e-«‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. s‑h-S‑n-
k‑w-`-h Z‑n-h-k‑w \‑m-e-c-¡‑m-W‑v s‑h-¸‑n a-c-W-s‑¸-« ^‑n-t‑d‑m-k‑n-s‑â
k-_‑v-I-e-ÎÀ s‑I. _‑n-P‑p Ø-e- k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p: "k‑w-`-h‑w
s‑¯-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. hÀ-K‑o-b I-e‑m-]‑w \-S-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ R‑m³ _‑o-a‑m-]-
H-g‑n-h‑m-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v R-§Ä A-X‑v Å‑n ZÀ-K-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
s‑N-b‑v-X-s‑X-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h‑n-i-Z‑o-I- ¶‑p. s‑]-s‑«-¶‑p-ï‑m-b i-Ð‑w t‑I-«‑v
c-W‑w. C-X‑p {‑]-I‑m-c‑w‑, I-f‑n-¡‑p-¶- I‑m-c‑y-a-d‑n-b‑m³ C-d-§‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-
X‑n-\‑n-s‑S i-_‑v-Z‑w t‑I-«‑v H‑m-S‑n-s‑¨-¶ W‑v t‑^‑m-W‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S
]-¯‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑p-I‑m-c³ ^‑n-t‑d‑m-k‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n h-¶-X‑v. ]-Å‑n ]-c‑n-k-c-¯‑v
hÀ-K‑o-b-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-b‑n‑, s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¸- t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v \-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-
t‑S-ï I‑p-ä-h‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n‑! W‑v. A-t‑§‑m-«‑v B-c‑p‑w t‑]‑m-I-c‑p-X‑v.
F-¶‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v.
]‑o-¸‑nÄ b‑q-W‑n-b³ t‑^‑mÀ k‑n- D-S³ h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§Ä
h‑n e‑n-_À-«‑o-k‑v(]‑n-b‑p-k‑n-FÂ‑)‑, k‑p-c-£‑n-X-c‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶‑v X‑n-c-¡‑n-
\‑m-j-W I‑u¬-k‑n H‑m-^‑v b-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑n-«‑n-b h‑n-h-c‑w ^‑n-t‑d‑m-k‑v
l‑y‑q-a³ s‑s‑d-ä‑v-k‑v H‑mÀ-K-s‑s‑\-t‑k- I-f‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-
j³(F³-k‑n-F-¨‑v-BÀ-H‑) t‑]‑m- ¶‑m-W‑v. t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n-s‑â s‑h-S‑n-t‑b-ä‑v
e‑p-Å-h t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n-s‑â A-\‑y‑m-b A-h³ t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑n-e‑p-s‑ï-¶‑m-
\-S-]-S‑n-s‑b c‑q-£-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p- W‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v t‑I-«-X‑v. I‑m-e‑n-e‑m-W‑v
I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-t‑¡-ï H-c‑p s‑h-S‑n-t‑b-ä-s‑X-¶-d‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑X-
k‑m-l-N-c‑y-h‑p‑w A-h‑n-s‑S D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- s‑Ã‑m-c‑p k-a‑m-[‑m-\-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
¶‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. A-h³ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-
]‑n-s‑¶ F-´‑n-\‑v C-X‑p s‑N-b‑v-X‑p? h-c‑p‑w F-¶‑p-X-s‑¶ R-§Ä {‑]-X‑o-
£‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-t‑£ A-h³ t‑]‑m-
X‑n-c‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c‑w P‑n-Ã‑m P-U‑v-P‑n b‑n. A-h-s‑â i-c‑o-c‑w I-ï-t‑¸‑mÄ
s‑I c‑m-a-I‑r-j‑v-W-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n- t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n-s‑â aÀ-Z-\-t‑a-ä‑n-«‑p-ï‑v
e‑m-W‑v P‑p-U‑o-j‑y A-t‑\‑z-j-W‑w F-s‑¶-\‑n-¡‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n. I‑m-c-W‑w
\-S-¶-X‑v. A-t‑\‑z-j-W d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-
«‑v kÀ-¡‑mÀ ]‑p-d-¯‑p-h‑n-S‑m-¯-X‑v C\nsbmcp _oam]Ån BhÀ¯n¡m
h-e‑n-b h‑n-aÀ-i-\-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑m-¡‑n. Xncn¡m³ th@ AXn-Pm-{K-X-bpsS
s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¸-«-h-c‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-\‑v Ime-¯mWv Ncn-{X-¯nse Ccp-fp-IÄ
]-¯‑p-e-£‑w [-\-k-l‑m-b‑w \Â-I‑n shfp-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡m\pw Hcp aX-hn-`m-
s‑s‑I I-g‑p-I‑m-\‑m-W‑v K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v Ks¯ shfn-¨-¯n \n¶p ]pd-´-
D-Õ‑m-l‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨-X‑v. A-k‑n-Ìâ‑v Åm\pw kn\na {ian¡p-¶-Xv.
s‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v I-½‑o-j-WÀ k‑n-P‑n k‑p-
t‑c-j‑v I‑p-a‑mÀ‑, U‑n-s‑s‑h-F-k‑v-]‑n C

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 16

i-c‑o-c-¯‑n \‑n-c-h-[‑n ]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p- s‑N-d‑n-b-X‑p-d-¡‑m-c‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I‑q-«‑p-I‑mÀ k‑w-LÀ-j‑w I‑m-c-W-a‑m-W‑v t‑]‑m-
A-b-¨‑p-X-¶ h‑o-U‑n-t‑b‑m-b‑n e‑o-k‑n-\‑p s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-t‑¡-ï‑n h-¶-
\‑n-¶‑m-W‑v t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑mÀ A-h-s‑\ s‑X-¶‑v N‑n-eÀ. A-§-s‑\-s‑b-¦‑nÂ
a-W-e‑n-e‑q-s‑S h-e‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m- a-c-W‑w H-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K-¯‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b-
I‑p-¶-X‑v I-ï-X‑v.' s‑X-§-s‑\ F-¶-X‑n-\‑p a-d‑p-]-S‑n-b‑n-Ã.
a-d‑p-\‑m-S³ S‑n-h‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v a‑m-[‑y-a-
hÀ-K‑o-b I-e‑m-]‑w X-S-b‑m-\‑m-W‑v §Ä A-t‑¶ C‑u h‑n-j-b‑w NÀ-¨
s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨-s‑X-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑N-¿‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v C-s‑X‑m-c‑p h-e‑n-b
F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v C-c-I-s‑f X‑n-c‑n- hÀ-K‑o-b I-e‑m-]-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-s‑a-¶‑v
ª‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑m-¯-s‑X-¶‑v {‑]-t‑Z-i- `-b-¶‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-W‑v! a‑m-d‑m-S-S-¡-
h‑m-k‑n-b‑m-b C-i‑m-J‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-Å a-ä‑p I-e‑m-]-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w
]-c‑n-t‑¡-ä-hÀ-¡‑v t‑P‑m-e‑n \Â-I‑m-

s‑a-¶ kÀ-¡‑mÀ h‑m-K‑v-Z‑m-\‑w h‑n-i‑z- C-h-c‑m-c‑p‑w C‑u k‑q-£‑v-a-X I‑m-W‑n-
k‑n-¨‑v I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-hÀ C-¶‑p‑w C-h‑n-s‑S ¨‑n-s‑Ã-¶-X‑n-\‑p N-c‑n-{‑X‑w k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-
P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. A-§-s‑\ BÀ- W-t‑Ã‑m.
¡‑p‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n \Â-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑n-
«‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v "a‑m-e‑n-I‑v' ]-d-ª-X‑p‑w
A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p t‑IÄ- a-d-¨-X‑p‑w
t‑¡-ï‑n h-¶-X‑v. A-¶‑v h‑n-F-k‑v
A-N‑y‑p-X‑m-\-µ-\‑m-W‑v a‑p-J‑y-a-{‑´‑n. _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v h‑o-ï‑p‑w
B-`‑y-´-c-a-{‑´‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-t‑b-c‑n _‑m-e- NÀ-¨-b‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v C‑u-b‑n-s‑S ]‑p-d-
I‑r-j‑v-W-\‑p‑w ]‑mÀ-«‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n ¯‑n-d-§‑n-b a‑m-e‑n-I‑v F-¶ a-e-b‑m-f
]‑n-W-d‑m-b‑n h‑n-P-b-\‑p‑w. k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑m-W‑v. k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑n-s‑e F-S-
h-d X‑p-d s‑N-d‑n-b X‑p-d-b-Ã‑, d-a-Z‑m-
]-e a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑p‑w C‑u k‑w- ]-Å‑n _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-b-Ã F-¶‑m-W‑v
`-h-s‑¯ X-a-k‑v-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-b-I³ a-t‑l-j‑v- \‑m-c‑m-
D-Õ‑m-l‑n-¨-X‑v. _‑o-a‑m ]-Å‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w
17 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

b-W³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑v k-½-X‑n- t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w t‑\‑m-h‑n-¡‑m-s‑X c-£‑n-s‑¨-
¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑m t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w k‑n-\‑n-a S‑p-¡‑m³ A-k‑m-a‑m-\‑y-a‑m-b I-¿-
a‑p-t‑¶-d‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p-h-c‑p-¶- S-¡‑w k‑n-\‑n-a I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v
X‑v t‑I-c-f‑w I-ï B I-d‑p-¯ Z‑n-\‑w (C‑u D-]-I‑m-c-k‑v-a-c-W-¡‑v k‑n-\‑n-a
X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. t‑I-c-f t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v ]‑p-c-k‑v-I‑r-X-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w B-Ý-c‑y-s‑¸-
]‑n-k‑n t‑X‑m-a-k‑v h‑n-`‑m-K‑w t‑\-X‑m-h‑v t‑«-¡-c‑p-X‑v!‑).
h‑n k‑p-t‑c-{‑µ³ ]‑n-Å-b‑m-W‑v s‑h-
S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v \-S-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j‑w s‑s‑h- A-X‑p a‑m-{‑X-t‑a‑m? H-c‑p h-i-¯‑v
I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w B-d‑v a-W‑n-¡‑v _‑o-a‑m-]- a‑m-e‑n-I‑v F-¶ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-a‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-
Å‑n-b‑n NÀ-¨-¡‑v h-¶-X‑v. ]-t‑£ a‑m-b F‑w-FÂ-F-b‑p‑w ]-¨-¸-X‑m-I-
k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑n A-X‑v ]-¨-s‑¡‑m-S‑n- t‑b-´‑n-b A-\‑p-b‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p‑w \‑nÂ-
t‑b-´‑n-b s‑F-b‑p-s‑F-F-^‑v F-¶ ¡‑p-¶‑p. a-d‑p-h-i-¯‑v t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v
k‑m-¦Â-]‑n-I a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑p- a‑m-{‑X‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S kÀ-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã‑, ]‑mÀ-
s‑S F‑w-FÂ-F A-_‑q-_-¡-d‑m-b‑n «‑n-b‑n-Ã‑, t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑n-Ã. \‑n-b-a-h‑m-g‑v-
a‑m-d‑n. s‑I-F-k‑v-BÀ-S‑n-k‑n _-k‑v N-s‑¡-X‑n-c‑p-\‑n-¶ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-a‑n-s‑â s‑\-
X-S-ª‑p d-a-Z‑m-]-Å‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å ©-¯‑v \‑n-d-s‑b‑m-g‑n-¡‑p-I a‑m-{‑X-t‑a
h-c-h‑v D-]-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¨-X‑p‑w i-c‑n-b‑m-b t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-Å‑q-s‑h-¶ [‑z-\‑n
{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v. C‑u Z‑r-i‑y-X ]-I-c‑p-¶‑p. \-s‑«-Ã‑p
X-IÀ-s‑¶‑m-c‑p k-a‑q-l-s‑¯ F-{‑X
H-cÀ-°-¯‑n a-t‑l-j‑v \‑m-c‑m- s‑h-S‑n-¸‑m-b‑m-W‑v h‑o-ï‑p‑w s‑h-«‑n-\‑n-c-
b-W³ \-µ‑n-bÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. G-I-
]-£‑o-b-a‑m-b s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v N-c‑n-{‑X‑w hkvXp-X-Isf h{Io-I-cn¨v
h‑o-ï‑p‑w H‑mÀ-a‑n-¡‑m³ A-h-k-c- Bhn-jvIcn¨m F{Xtbsd
s‑a‑m-c‑p-¡‑n-b-t‑Ã‑m. F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w k‑n- kn\naIÄ ]nSn¡mw? tKmhn
\‑n-a c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-§Ä-¡‑p µ¨mansb shÅ]qinbmÂ
t‑h-ï‑n b-Y‑mÀ-° N-c‑n-{‑X-s‑¯ \sÃmcp kv{Xo]£ Ne-¨n{Xw
h-{‑I‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑m-W‑v h‑m- In«pw. KmÔnh[w ]dªv
k‑v-X-h‑w. A-¶‑v t‑I-c-f‑w `-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ s\lvdphns\ {]Xnbpw tKmUvk
C-S-X‑p-]-£ kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑\ t‑]-c‑n-\‑p sb hoc]pcpj\pam¡mw.

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 18

¯‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑q. s‑f B-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑p N-h‑n-«‑n-b-c-¡‑m-X‑n-
s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¸‑v N-c‑n-{‑X‑w b-Y‑m- c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑u-a-\-k‑y-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
A-X‑n-c‑p I-S-¶ B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n-
X-Y‑w h‑n-h-c‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶ \‑n-S-b‑n I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
A-\‑p-`-h-ØÀ A-t‑\-I-a‑p-ï‑v F-c‑n-X‑o-b‑n F-® H-g‑n-¡‑p-¶
C-¶‑p‑w _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ. F-´‑m- {‑]-X‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-b‑n-s‑e
W‑v k‑w-`-h‑n-¨-s‑X-¶-d‑n-b‑m³ \‑n-Ê-l‑m-b P-\-h‑n-`‑m-K-s‑¯ k‑w-_-
A-h-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I‑y‑m-a-d \‑o-§‑n-b‑n- Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w C‑u N-e-¨‑n-{‑X‑w
«‑n-Ã. b-Y‑mÀ-° I‑m-c-W-¡‑mÀ D-ï‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. ]-X‑n-ä‑m-ï‑p
B-c‑m-W‑v? t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v t‑XÀ-h‑m-g‑v-N- ]-g-I‑n-b a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v N‑p-c-ï‑n
b‑p-s‑S ]-c‑n-W-X‑n F-´‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- {‑h-W-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
s‑h-s‑¶‑m-¶‑p‑w A-{‑`-]‑m-f‑n-b‑n-e‑n-Ã.
N-c‑n-{‑X-s‑¯ ]-¨-¡‑p h‑y-`‑n-N- C-\‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n
c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c B-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-s‑a-¶‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m h‑n-f‑n- A-X‑n-P‑m-{‑K-X-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v,
t‑¸-c‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v _‑o-a- t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n-s‑â A-g‑n-ª‑m-«-§Ä-
b‑p-a‑m-b‑n d-a-Z‑m-]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S i-à- s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y P‑m-{‑K-X
a‑m-b _-Ô-s‑¯ k‑n-\‑n-a-¡‑m-c³ A-\‑n-h‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b L-«-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v
\‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e C-c‑p-f‑p-IÄ s‑h-fp¸‑n-
s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p‑w H-c‑p a-X-h‑n-`‑m-K-s‑¯
h-k‑v-X‑p-X-I-s‑f h-{‑I‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v s‑h-f‑n-¨-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p ]‑p-d-´-Å‑m-
B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¨‑m F-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d \‑p‑w \‑m-c‑m-b-W-·‑mÀ k‑n-\‑n-a ]‑n-S‑n-
k‑n-\‑n-a-IÄ ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m‑w? t‑K‑m-h‑n- ¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
µ-¨‑m-a‑n-s‑b s‑h-Å-]‑q-i‑n-b‑mÂ
\-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p k‑v-{‑X‑o-]-£ N-e-¨‑n- k‑n-\‑n-a-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v I‑y‑m-a-d H-cÂ-
{‑X‑w I‑n-«‑p‑w. K‑m-Ô‑n-h-[‑w ]-d-ª‑v ]‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ
s‑\-l‑v-d‑p-h‑n-s‑\ {‑]-X‑n-b‑p‑w t‑K‑m-U‑v- I‑m-W‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ N‑n-e Z‑r-i‑y-§-
k-s‑b h‑o-c-]‑p-c‑p-j-\‑p-a‑m-¡‑m‑w. f‑p-ï‑v A-h‑n-s‑S. k‑w-Ø‑m-\-¯‑p-S-
k‑n-\‑n-a-IÄ [À-a Ø‑m-]-\-¯‑n- \‑o-f‑w _‑o-¨‑p-IÄ k‑u-µ-c‑y-h-X‑v-I-
\-Ã‑, k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I t‑\-«-¯‑n-\‑p‑w c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, ^‑n-j-d‑o-k‑v t‑I-{‑µ-§Ä
A-X‑n-\-¸‑p-d-¯‑v c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b e‑m-`- B-[‑p-\‑n-I‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v
¯‑n-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑p I‑q-S‑n h‑m-Z‑n-¡‑m‑w. kÀ-¡‑mÀ s‑{‑]‑m-P-I‑v-ä‑p-IÄ X‑r-
k-X‑y-§-s‑f ]‑qÀ-W k-X‑y-§- ¡¬ ]‑mÀ-¡‑m-¯ _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-
f‑m-b‑n A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ k‑n-\‑n-a ¡‑m-g‑v-N-I-Ä‑, ]-Å‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å
t‑U‑m-I‑y‑p-s‑aâ-d‑n-b-s‑Ã-¶‑p \‑y‑m-b‑o- k‑w-`‑m-h-\ s‑I‑m-ï‑v ]-c‑n-k-c-s‑¯
I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-h‑m‑w. t‑l‑m-«-e‑p-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v I‑q-¸¬
h‑m-§‑n h-b-d‑p \‑n-d-s‑b `-£-W‑w
]-t‑£‑, C-c-IÄ-¡‑v h-k‑v- I-g‑n-¡‑m³ P‑m-X‑n-a-X-hÀ-K h‑n-t‑h-N-
X‑p-X ]-d-b‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. \-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X k‑u-I-c‑y-s‑a‑m-c‑p-¡‑n-b
X-I‑v-_‑oÀ [‑z-\‑n-IÄ a‑p-g-¡‑n-b‑p‑w apkv-enw-Ifps‑S a-\‑p-j‑y-¸-ä‑v, s‑h-
h‑n-I‑m-c X‑o-{‑h {‑]-k‑w-K-§Ä S‑n-s‑h-¸‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑p‑w ]‑n-¼‑p‑w _‑o-a‑m-
\-S-¯‑n-b‑p‑w \‑n-b-a‑w I-¿‑n-s‑e-S‑p- ¸-Å‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w s‑N-d‑n-b-X‑p-d-¡‑m-c‑p‑w
¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n _‑o-a‑m-]-Å‑n-¡‑m-c‑n ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑p-¶ k‑v-t‑\-l ]‑m-c-k‑v-]-
\‑n-¶‑v D-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w c‑y‑w‑, i-c‑o-c‑w X‑p-f-¨ s‑h-S‑n-¸‑m-S‑p-IÄ
a-t‑l-j‑v \‑m-c‑m-b-W-s‑â `‑m-h-\- t‑\‑m-h‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-
b‑m-W‑v. s‑â A-¶‑w a‑p-«‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ B-b‑m-
k-s‑¸-«‑v t‑P‑m-e‑n-I-f‑n-t‑eÀ-s‑¸-S‑p-¶
i-c‑n N-c‑n-{‑X‑w ]-d-ª‑m k‑n- t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v `‑m-j‑y-¯‑n-s‑e hÀ-K‑o-b-
\‑n-a k‑n-\‑n-a-b-Ã‑m-X‑m-h‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. h‑m-Z‑n-IÄ...
N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b-]-£‑w N‑n-e-c‑p-s‑S
B-\-µ-e-_‑v-[‑n-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n C-c-I- 19 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

ImgvN-¸mSv

ap_jnÀ aª¸ä

tXm¸n¡
s¸SpIbmWv
ae_mÀ

s‑I‑m-¨‑n‑, X‑n-c‑p-h‑n-X‑m‑w-I‑qÀ {‑]-h‑n-i‑y-I-s‑f-t‑¸‑m-s‑e k‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n-

c‑p-¶‑n-Ã a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑â a-®‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑p‑w. X‑n-I-¨‑p‑w h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-b c‑m-
{‑ã‑o-b k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I N-c‑n-{‑X‑w C‑u \‑m-S‑n-s‑â k‑n-c-I-f‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
C-´‑y-b‑n a-{‑Z‑m-k‑n-\‑p I‑o-g‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-e-_‑mÀ. A-X‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑v X-s‑¶
t‑]‑mÀ-¨‑p-K‑o-k‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w U-¨‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑p-IÄ \‑o-ï A-[‑n-
\‑n-t‑h-i-§Ä I‑mÀ-j‑n-I h‑m-W‑n-P‑y h‑y-h-k‑m-b k-a‑r-²‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑r-
X‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w X-I‑n-S‑w a-d‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-\-´-c‑w a-e-_‑mÀ {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S
t‑\-c‑n-«‑p-Å `-c-W-¯‑n-\‑p I‑o-g‑n-e‑m-b‑n. X-§Ä-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c k-a-c-t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-
§Ä \‑n-X‑y-a‑m-¡‑n-b a-e-_‑m-d‑p-I‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v {‑I‑u-c‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v k‑m-{‑a‑m-
P‑y-X‑z i-à‑n-IÄ s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑m a-e-_‑m-d‑n-\‑p t‑h-ï

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 20

t‑k-h-\-§Ä \Â-I‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I- t‑f‑m D-¶-X D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø k‑w-h‑n-
b‑p‑w k‑v-I‑q-f‑p-I-f‑p‑w t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑p-I- [‑m-\-t‑a‑m a-e-_‑m-d‑n-\‑n-Ã.
f‑p‑w K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p‑w
\‑m-a-a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. 1956 \-h‑w-_À 1 a‑p-XÂ C-X‑p-
F-¶‑m t‑\À-h‑n-]-c‑o-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p- h-s‑c kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-IÄ \-S-¸‑m-¡‑n-b
¶‑p X‑n-c‑p-h‑n-X‑m‑w-I‑q-d‑n-e‑p‑w s‑I‑m-¨‑n- P-\-t‑k-h-\‑, h‑n-I-k-\ ]-²-X‑n-
b‑n-e‑p‑w. B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-§-f‑n X-s‑¶ I-f‑p-s‑S I-W-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑m t‑I-
\‑n-c-h-[‑n K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v Ø‑m-]-\-§- c-f-¯‑n-s‑e 42 i-X-a‑m-\‑w P-\-
f‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b-§-f‑p‑w C-h‑n-S-§-f‑n §-f‑p-Å a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e B-d‑p
B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n P-\-k‑w-J‑y‑m-\‑p-]‑m-X-
¯‑n h‑n-I-k-\-§-f‑n-s‑e h‑n-
C-´‑y k‑z-X-{‑´-a‑m-b‑n s‑F-I‑y- t‑h-N-\‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-

ae-_m-dnse lbÀ sk¡@dn koäv hnjb¯n imizX ]cnlmc¯n\v
kÀ¡mÀ k¶²amIWw. lbÀ sk¡@dnbnÃm¯ Iemeb§fnÂ
]pXnb ¹kvh¬ A\p-hZn¨pw _m¨pIÄ IpdhpÅ Øe§fnÂ
\nI-¯nbpw Imcy£aambpw hfsc thK¯nepw CSs]«nsænÂ
hcpwIme§fnepw AhKW\bpsS tXmXv DbcpI-tbbpÅq.

t‑I-c-f‑w ]‑n-d-h‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯-X‑n-\‑p ¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k
t‑i-j-h‑p‑w a-e-_‑m-d‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p-Å t‑a-J-e-I-f‑nÂ‑, s‑X‑m-g‑n c‑w-K-
A-h-K-W-\ X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑m- §-f‑nÂ‑, s‑]‑m-X‑p-t‑a-J-e-I-f‑nÂ‑,
W‑v h-k‑v-X‑p-X. h‑n-I-k-\ ]-²-X‑n- h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n F-Ã‑m‑w C‑u
I-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p k‑w-c‑w-`-§-f‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-t‑h-N-\‑w Z‑r-i‑y-a‑m-W‑v.
h‑o-X‑w-s‑h-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ P-\-k‑w-J‑y‑m-S‑n-
Ø‑m-\-¯‑n a-e-_‑m-d‑n-\‑v AÀ-l- h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ
a‑m-b-X‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w e-`‑n-¨‑n-Ã. `-c-W- C-¶‑p‑w a-e-_‑mÀ t‑\-c‑n-S‑p-¶
k‑n-c‑m-t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-t‑b-ä‑p‑w A-h-K-W-\ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³
P‑p-U‑o-j‑y-d‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-b a-e-¸‑p-d‑w‑, t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v, ]‑m-e-
s‑s‑l-t‑¡‑m-S-X‑n-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w N‑n-e ]-c‑n- ¡‑m-S‑v, I-®‑qÀ‑, I‑m-kÀ-t‑I‑m-S‑v
K-W-\-I-f‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n-s‑e l-bÀ s‑k-¡-ï-
X‑n-c‑p-h‑n-X‑m‑w-I‑q-d‑p‑w s‑I‑m-¨‑n-b‑p‑w d‑n k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¨‑mÂ
]-¦‑n-s‑«-S‑p-¯‑p. A-[‑n-I‑m-c t‑I-{‑µ-§- a-X‑n. {‑]‑o-U‑n-{‑K‑n F-S‑p-¯‑p-I-f-ª‑v
2001Â l-bÀ s‑k-¡-ï-d‑n k‑w-h‑n-

21 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

[‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ X-s‑¶ s‑X ]‑p-d-¯‑p \‑nÂ-t‑¡-ï‑n h-¶‑p.
A-¶‑v ]-¯‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑v ]-c‑o-£-s‑b- F-¶‑m C‑u k-µÀ-`-¯‑n-e‑p‑w
g‑p-X‑n-b I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S F-®-¯‑n-\‑v s‑X-¡³ P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n-s‑e N‑n-e k‑v-I‑q-
B-\‑p-]‑m-X‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ f‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e ¹-k‑v h¬ _‑m-¨‑p-I-
\Â-I‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w a-ä‑p N‑n-e f‑n H-ä I‑p-«‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-¯
A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-§Ä Ø‑m-]‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯- A-h-Ø-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. t‑I-
X‑m-W‑n-X‑n-s‑â {‑]-[‑m-\ I‑m-c-W‑w. c-f-¯‑n C‑u hÀ-j‑w 421887
B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-¯‑v h‑n-P-b-i-X-a‑m-\‑w I‑p-«‑n-IÄ F-k‑v-F-k‑v-FÂ-k‑n
I‑p-d-h‑m-b-X‑n-\‑m h-e‑n-b {‑]-X‑n- ]-c‑o-£ F-g‑p-X‑p-I-b‑p‑w 419651 h‑n-
k-Ô‑n-IÄ D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n- Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ X‑p-SÀ-]T-\-¯‑n-\‑p
e‑p‑w 2005\‑p t‑i-j‑w a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e t‑b‑m-K‑y-X t‑\-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.
F-k‑v-F-k‑v-FÂ-k‑n h‑n-P-b‑w 80 41‑,906 h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ a‑p-g‑p-h³
i-X-a‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S h‑n-j-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w F-¹-k‑v t‑\-S‑n.
H‑m-t‑c‑m hÀ-j-h‑p‑w ]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c-¯‑n- I-g‑n-ª hÀ-j-t‑¯-¡‑mÄ 4‑,572
t‑e-s‑d h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ k‑o-ä‑n-Ã‑m- t‑]-c‑p-s‑S hÀ-[-\-h‑m-W‑v F-¹-k‑v
e-_‑v-[‑n-b‑n C-¯-h-W D-ï‑m-b‑n-
2003 apXÂ amdnamdn A[n-Im c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. kÀ-¡‑mÀ l-bÀ-s‑k-
c¯ntedp¶ ap¶WnIsf ae-_m- ¡-ï-d‑n k‑o-ä‑v 140950 F-®-h‑p‑w
dnsâ ZpchØ HmÀas¸Sp¯n F-b‑v-U-U‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑n 158800
bn«ps@¦nepw CXphsc D‑w A¬ F-b‑v-U-U‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ
]cnlmcap@mbn«nÃ. Ace£w 55521 k‑o-ä‑p-I-f‑p-a-S-¡‑w B-s‑I
koäpIÄ th@nS¯v I®n 355271 k‑o-ä‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v \‑n-e-h‑n-e‑p-
s]mSnbnSm³ th@n 20 iXam\w Å-X‑v. _‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-Å 64380 I‑p-
koäpIÄ hÀ[n¸n¡p¶psh¶p «‑n-IÄ F-h‑n-s‑S ]T‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶-X‑v
]d-bp-sa¶p am{Xw. B-i-¦-b‑m-W‑v. I-g‑n-ª hÀ-j‑w
61830 h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ X‑p-SÀ-]
T-\-¯‑n-\‑v t‑b‑m-K‑y-X t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 22

e‑p‑w A-{‑X l-bÀ s‑k-¡- ¡‑n (670‑). C-{‑X-b‑p‑w k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ I‑p-«‑n-
ï-d‑n k‑o-ä‑p-I-f‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-f‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X _‑m-¡‑n-I‑n-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v.
hÀ-j‑m-hÀ-j‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
F-®-¯‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶ a‑m-ä‑w F-¶‑m a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑â Ø‑n-X‑n
kÀ-¡‑mÀ I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p- t‑\‑m-¡‑q. h‑n-h‑n-[ P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n I‑p-d-
¶‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑m-W‑v b‑m-Y‑mÀ- h‑p-Å k‑o-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S F-®‑w {‑_‑m-¡-
°‑y‑w. ä‑nÂ. a-e-¸‑p-d‑w (22329‑)‑, ]‑m-e-¡‑m-
S‑v (10251‑)‑, t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v (9958‑)‑,
]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v a‑p-XÂ I‑m-kÀ- I-®‑qÀ (6814‑)‑, I‑m-kÀ-t‑I‑m-S‑v (5009‑).
t‑I‑m-S‑v h-s‑c-b‑p-Å B-d‑v P‑n- B-i-¦‑m-P-\-I-a‑m-W‑v I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
Ã-I-f‑n C-s‑¡‑m-Ã‑w 223788 D-¶-X ]T-\‑w.
I‑p-«‑n-IÄ D-¶-X ]T-\
t‑b‑m-K‑y-X t‑\-S‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n- s‑I‑m-Ã‑w (3935‑)‑, h-b-\‑m-S‑v (2812‑)‑,
e‑p‑w 166715 k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ a‑m-{‑X- X‑r-i‑qÀ (2597‑)‑, X‑n-c‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c‑w
t‑a X‑p-SÀ ]T-\-¯‑n-\‑p-Å‑q. (2516‑) P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ I‑p-d-
57073 h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ ]‑p-d- h‑p-ï‑v.
¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. a-e-_‑mÀ
P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n K‑p-c‑p-X-c-a‑m-b K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e a-ä‑p
{‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n t‑\-c‑n-S‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w
s‑X-¡³ t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p‑w a-[‑y-
t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑o-£-s‑b-
g‑p-X‑n-b h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
F-®-¯‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ
H-g‑n-ª‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v.
P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n A-[‑n-I-a‑p-Å
k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ {‑_‑m-¡-ä‑nÂ:
]-¯-\‑w-X‑n-« (4440‑)‑, t‑I‑m-
«-b‑w (2572‑)‑, F-d-W‑m-I‑p-f‑w
(1048‑)‑, B-e-¸‑p-g (722‑)‑, C-S‑p-

ae_mÀ D-]-c‑n-]T-\ t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑p-IÄ X‑n-c-s‑ª-
PnÃIfn S‑p-¯‑m-e‑p‑w a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e \‑mÂ-]-
KpcpXcamb X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c-t‑¯‑m-f‑w I‑p-«‑n-IÄ ]‑p-d-
{]XnkÔn ¯‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. 2019s‑e
t\cnSpt¼mgpw I-W-¡‑v {‑]-I‑m-c‑w ]-¯-\‑w-X‑n-«-b‑nÂ
sX¡³ 11‑, B-e-¸‑p-g-b‑n 12‑, t‑I‑m-«-b-¯‑v
tIcf¯nepw 8‑, C-S‑p-¡‑n-b‑n 10‑, F-d-W‑m-I‑p-f-
a[ytIcf¯nepw ¯‑v 12 F-¶‑n-§-s‑\ H-ä I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p‑w
lbÀ sk¡@ C-Ã‑m-s‑X _‑m-¨‑p-IÄ H-g‑n-ª‑p-I‑n-S-
dn koäpIÄ ¡‑p-¶‑p.
Hgnªp In-
S¡pIbm-Wv. 7838 h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ a‑p-g‑p-h³
h‑n-j-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w F-¹-k‑v t‑\-S‑n k‑w-
Ø‑m-\-¯‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w F-¹-k‑p-Å

23 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

P‑n-Ã-b‑m-b a-e-¸‑p-d-¯‑n-s‑â A-h- b‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w C-¡‑m-e-a-{‑X-b‑p‑w
Ø-b‑m-W‑v h-f-s‑c ]-c‑n-X‑m-]-I-c‑w. ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. I-®‑nÂ
99.39 h‑n-P-b-i-X-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w 75554 s‑]‑m-S‑n-b‑n-S‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n A-c-e-£‑w
h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ X‑p-SÀ-]T-\-¯‑n-\‑v k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ t‑h-ï‑n-S-¯‑v 20 i-X-a‑m-
t‑b‑m-K‑y-X t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w 22329 \‑w k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ hÀ-[‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-
h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m³ k‑o- ¶‑p ]-d-b‑p-s‑a-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w. I‑mÂ
ä‑n-Ã. kÀ-¡‑mÀ‑, F-b‑v-U-U‑v-, A¬- e-£-t‑¯‑m-f‑w k‑o-ä‑p I‑p-d-h‑p-Å
F-b‑v-U-U‑v- t‑a-J-e-b‑n B-s‑I a-e-¸‑p-d‑w P‑n-Ã-b‑n ]-c-a‑m-h-[‑n
53225 k‑o-ä‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v 8000 k‑o-
\‑n-e-h‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑v. 10% k‑o-ä‑v hÀ-[‑n-¸‑n- ä‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v. B hÀ-j‑w I-g‑n-b‑p-
¨‑m 4150‑, 20% k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ hÀ-[‑n- t‑¼‑mÄ C‑u X‑mÂ-¡‑m-e‑n-I k‑o-ä‑p-
¸‑n-¨‑m 8300 a‑m-{‑X-t‑a B-h‑p-I-b‑p- IÄ d-±‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w.
Å‑q. F-¶‑m-e‑p‑w 14000¯‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w
h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v X‑p-SÀ-]T-\‑m-h- C-X‑n-s‑\‑m-c‑p i‑m-i‑z-X ]-c‑n-
k-c-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑n-Ã. l‑m-c‑w I-s‑ï-¯‑m³ kÀ-¡‑mÀ
a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-h-c-W‑w. l-bÀ-s‑k-¡-
2003 a‑p-XÂ t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e h‑n- ï-d‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ I-e‑m-e-b-§-f‑nÂ
Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n k‑w-L-S-\-IÄ a‑m-d‑n-a‑m-d‑n ]‑p-X‑n-b ¹-k‑v-h¬ A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-
A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-t‑e-d‑p-¶ a‑p-¶-W‑n-I- I-b‑p‑w _‑m-¨‑p-IÄ I‑p-d-h‑p-Å
s‑f C‑u Z‑p-c-h-Ø H‑mÀ-a-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n- Ø-e-§-f‑n B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b
_‑m-¨‑p-IÄ k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 24 t‑h-W‑w. a-ä‑p P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n H-g‑n-ª‑p-
I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ k‑o-ä‑p-IÄ a-e-_‑m-d‑n-
t‑e-¡‑v Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-ä‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v
t‑]‑m‑w-h-g‑n-s‑b-¦‑n A-X‑n-\‑p-Å
]-²-X‑n-IÄ B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¨‑v
\-S-¸‑m-¡-W‑w. I‑m-c‑y-£-a-a‑m-b‑p‑w
h-f-s‑c t‑h-K-¯‑n-e‑p‑w C‑u h‑n-j-
b-¯‑n kÀ-¡‑mÀ C-S-s‑]-«‑n-s‑Ã-
¦‑n h-c‑p‑w-I‑m-e-§-f‑n A-h-K-
W-\-b‑p-s‑S t‑X‑m-X‑v
D-b-c‑p-I-t‑b-b‑p-Å‑q.

hÀ¯-am\w

kÂam\p ^mcnkv sN\¡e§mSn

s]Kmkkv: tI{µw
Hfn¨psh¡p¶sX´v ?
`-c-W-I‑q-S-§Ä ]‑u-c-·‑mÀ-¡‑p t‑a \-S-¯‑p-¶ N‑m-c-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w

F-{‑X h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v h‑n-h‑m-Z‑w.
C-k‑v-d‑m-C‑u I-¼-\‑n-b‑m-b F³-F-k‑v-H-b‑p-s‑S N‑m-c t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v-s‑h-b-d‑m-b
s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v t‑^‑m-W‑n I-S-¯‑n-h‑n-«‑m-W‑v h‑n-h-c-§Ä t‑N‑mÀ-¯‑n-s‑b-S‑p-
¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. kÀ-¡‑m-d‑p-IÄ-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a C‑u t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v-s‑h-bÀ X-§Ä
h‑n-ä‑n-«‑p-Å‑p-s‑h-¶‑v F³-F-k‑v-H h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. h‑n-h‑n-[ c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑p-
s‑S `-c-W-I‑q-S-§Ä a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑n-s‑â D-]-t‑`‑m-à‑m-¡Ä. D-bÀ-¶
k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I-h‑n-Z‑y D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Å H‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m-K‑n-I-a‑m-b s‑s‑k-_À
\‑p-g-ª‑p-I-b-ä-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v.

t‑^‑m¬ D-]-t‑b‑m-à‑m-h‑v H-c‑p e‑n-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ¢‑n-¡‑v s‑N-¿‑m-s‑X X-s‑¶ t‑^‑m-

25 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

W‑n I-S-¶‑p-I-b-d‑m³ s‑]-K‑m-k- `cWIqS¯n\v am{Xw {]iv\
k‑n-\‑p k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]‑n-s‑¶ t‑^‑m- anÃm¯ Hcp Nmc `oIcm{IaWw
W‑n-s‑â k-¼‑qÀ-W \‑n-b-{‑´-W‑w cmPy¯v \S-¡p-¶Xv CXmZy-am-bm-Wv.
s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑^‑m-W‑n- CXn\p ]n¶nemcmsW¶v cmPy-
e‑p-Å H‑m-U‑n-t‑b‑m-I-f‑p‑w h‑o-U‑n-t‑b‑m- ¯n\dnbWw. AXn\v kp{]ow
I-f‑p‑w t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-I-f‑p-a-S-¡‑w F-Ã‑m‑w tImSXnbpsS taÂt\m«¯nÂ
s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ A-X‑n-\‑p k‑m- kzX{´amb At\zjWw
[‑y-a‑m-W‑v. s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v H-c‑p t‑^‑m- \S¡Ww.
W‑n I-b-d‑n-¡‑q-S‑n-b‑m ]‑qÀ-W
\‑n-b-{‑´-W‑w Z‑q-s‑c-b‑p-Å H-c‑mÄ-¡‑m- \-¼-d‑p-IÄ h‑n-i-I-e-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v
b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w. t‑^‑m¬ C-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« h‑n-h-c-
D-]-t‑b‑m-à‑m-h‑n-s‑â a‑p-g‑p-h³ \‑o-¡- §Ä Z‑n-\‑w-{‑]-X‑n ]‑p-d-¯‑p-h‑n-«‑p
§-f‑p‑w s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v N‑m-c-¡-®‑p- s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v.
IÄ \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w.
s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v s‑{‑]‑m-P-I‑v-ä‑v F-¶-
a-l‑m-c‑m-{‑ã-b‑n-s‑e `‑o-a s‑I‑m- d‑n-b-s‑¸-« k-a‑o-]-I‑m-e-s‑¯
s‑d-K‑m-h‑v t‑I-k‑n A-d-Ì‑n-e‑m-b G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑P-W-e‑n-k‑w
s‑]‑m-X‑p-{‑]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-t‑j- s‑{‑]‑m-P-I‑v-ä‑n B‑w-s‑\-Ì‑n CâÀ-
[-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p-s‑a-X‑n-s‑c I-s‑ï-¯‑n-b \‑m-j-WÂ k-l-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
{‑]-[‑m-\ s‑X-f‑n-h‑v a‑mÂ-s‑h-bÀ D-]- B‑w-\-Ì‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑k-I‑y‑q-c‑n-ä‑n e‑m-
t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S e‑m-]‑v-t‑S‑m-¸‑n _‑n t‑^‑m-W‑p-IÄ s‑s‑k-_À
I-S-¶‑p-I-b-d‑n \‑nÀ-a‑n-¨ I‑r-{‑X‑n-a t‑^‑m-d³-k‑n-I‑v ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[-\-¡‑v
s‑X-f‑n-h‑p-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑n-\‑v h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-W‑v s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v
]‑n-¶‑n-e‑p‑w s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑n-s‑â k‑m-¶‑n- A-{‑I-a-W‑w Ø‑n-c‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-
[‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v k‑w-i-b-a‑p-bÀ-¶‑n-c‑n- X‑v. C-X‑p-h-s‑c ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¨-X‑nÂ
¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. ]-I‑p-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v k‑m-
¶‑n-[‑y‑w Ø‑n-c‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-ª‑p.
{‑^-©‑v a‑m-[‑y-a I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a-b‑m-b
t‑^‑mÀ-_‑n-U³ t‑Ì‑m-d‑o-k‑m-W‑v F³- F³-F-k‑v-H-b‑p-s‑S U‑m-ä‑m-t‑_-
F-k‑v-H-b‑p-s‑S N‑m-c-h-e-b-¯‑n k‑n {‑^-©‑v {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v C-½‑m-
s‑]-« A³-]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c-t‑¯‑m-f‑w \‑p-h a‑m-t‑{‑I‑m¬‑, ]‑m-¡‑n-
t‑^‑m¬ \-¼-d‑p-I-f‑p-Å U‑m-ä t‑i- Ø‑m³ {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n C‑w-d‑m³
J-c‑n-¨-X‑v. A-h-c-X‑v t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ 17 J‑m³ DÄ-s‑¸-s‑S ]-¯‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-
{‑]-a‑p-J a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]-¦‑p-s‑h- a-{‑´‑n-a‑m-c‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑v {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑p-
¨‑p. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X a‑m-[‑y-a-§Ä C‑u a‑m-c‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. 45 c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v
s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑n-s‑â k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y‑w Ø‑n-
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 26 c‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. `-c-W-I‑q-S-§Ä-
¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v-s‑h-bÀ
I-¼-\‑n h‑n-ä‑n-«‑p-Å‑q-s‑h-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ
B-c‑m-W‑v C-X‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-
s‑X-¶-X‑n-t‑e‑m F-´‑n-\‑v {‑]-t‑b‑m-
P-\-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-s‑h-¶-X‑n-t‑e‑m
k‑w-i-b-¯‑n-\‑n-S-a‑n-Ã.

C-´‑y-b‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p-Å 10 C-\‑w
t‑^‑m-W‑p-I-f‑n s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v k‑m-
¶‑n-[‑y-a‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p-
ï‑v. C-´‑y-b‑n `-c-W-I‑q-S-¯‑n-\‑p
t‑\-s‑c t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§-f‑p-bÀ-¯‑n-b-
hÀ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c-b‑m-W‑v s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v

D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. kÀ-¡‑mÀ c‑m-b ]-e D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-c‑p‑w s‑]-K‑m-
s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-s‑Ã- k-k‑v {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑n-c-I-f‑m-h‑p-I-
¶‑v C-¶‑p-h-s‑c t‑I-{‑µ kÀ-¡‑mÀ b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. 2018 H-t‑Î‑m-_À 23\‑v
]-d-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã. C-´‑y-b‑n N‑m-c-h‑r- ]‑m-X‑n-c‑m-{‑X‑n k‑n-_‑n-s‑F t‑a-[‑m-h‑n
¯‑n-¡‑v C-c-b‑m-b-h-c‑n c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b A-t‑e‑m-I‑v hÀ-a-s‑b XÂ-Ø‑m-\-¯‑p
F-X‑n-c‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑m-[‑y-a {‑]-hÀ- \‑n-¶‑v a‑m-ä‑n-b-X‑v h‑n-h‑m-Z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
¯-I-c‑p‑w `-c-W-L-S-\‑m Ø‑m-]-\- ‑’AÀ-[-c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑n-s‑e A-«‑n-a-d‑n‑’F-
§-f‑p‑w A-t‑\‑z-j-W G-P³-k‑n-I- ¶‑m-W‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑\ h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-

kzImcyX F´n\msW¶v t]mepw tNmZn¡m³ XpS§nbncn¡p¶p
`cWIqS Bcm[IÀ. s]mXpPohnXs¯ _m[n¡m¯sXÃmw kzImcyambn
kq£n¡m³ ]uc\pÅ AhImiw `cWLS\ Xs¶ Dd¸pXcp¶ cmPy¯p
\n¶mWv Cu tNmZyw Dbcp¶Xv.

f‑p‑w t‑I-{‑µ-a-{‑´‑n-a‑m-À t‑]‑m-e‑p-ï‑v. ¸‑n-¨-X‑v. d-^‑m C-S-]‑m-S‑n k‑n-_‑n-
N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-Å-h-s‑c k‑w-i-b-t‑¯‑m-s‑S s‑F A-t‑\‑z-j-W‑w B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑v
I‑m-W‑p-¶‑, B-s‑c-b‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑n- {‑]-i‑m-´‑v `‑q-j-\‑p‑w A-c‑p¬ j‑q-c‑n-
Ã‑m-¯ A-c-£‑n-X t‑_‑m-[‑w t‑h-«- b‑p‑w A-t‑e‑m-I‑v hÀ-a-s‑b k-µÀ-i‑n-¨‑v
b‑m-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p G-I‑m-[‑n-]-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S Z‑n-h-k-§Ä-¡-I-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p \-S-]-
s‑h-{‑]‑m-f‑w C-X‑n k‑v-]-j‑v-S-a‑m-W‑v. S‑n. t‑a‑m-Z‑n-þ-A-a‑n-X‑v j‑m I‑q-«‑p-s‑I-«‑n-
s‑â h-e-X‑p-s‑s‑I F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶
C-´‑y-b‑n A-t‑\‑z-j-W‑m-h-i‑y- K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v t‑I-UÀ s‑F-]‑n-F-k‑v
§Ä-¡‑m-b‑n \‑n-b-a-h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-b‑n c‑m-t‑P-j‑v A-k‑v-X‑m-\-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c
t‑^‑m¬ t‑N‑mÀ-¯‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑I-s‑k-S‑p-¡‑m³ \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑â
k‑n-_‑n-s‑F t‑a-[‑m-h‑n-b‑p‑w {‑]-a‑p-J-
27 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

A-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑e‑m- S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w t‑^‑m-W‑n-e‑p‑w
I‑v hÀ-a-b‑p-s‑S Ø‑m-\-N-e-\‑w. N‑m-c-{‑]-hÀ-¯‑n \-S-¶‑p. t‑a‑m-Z‑n-b‑p-
C‑u I‑m-e-b-f-h‑n-e‑m-W‑v hÀ-a-b‑p-s‑S s‑S N-«-e‑w-L-\‑w k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v
t‑^‑m-W‑n s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v h-g‑n N‑m-c X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑v I-½‑o-j-\‑n c-ï‑v
{‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w \-S-¶-X‑v. I‑q-S‑m-s‑X A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-a‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑v
`‑m-c‑y-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-c‑p- s‑N-b‑v-X C-´‑y³ F-I‑v-k‑v-{‑]-Ê‑v t‑e-
a-I-s‑â-b‑p‑w A-S-¡‑w hÀ-a-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n J‑n-I E-X‑n-I t‑N‑m-{‑]-b‑p‑w A-t‑k‑m-
_-Ô-s‑¸-« F-«‑v t‑^‑m-W‑p-IÄ N‑m-c k‑n-t‑b-j³ t‑^‑mÀ s‑U-t‑a‑m-{‑I‑m-
t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v-s‑h-b-d‑n-s‑â A-[‑o-\-¯‑n- ä‑n-I‑v d‑n-t‑^‑m‑w-k‑n-s‑â Ø‑m-]-I³
e‑m-b‑n. t‑I-{‑µ‑w k‑w-i-b \‑n-g-e‑n- P-K-Z‑o-]‑v t‑N‑m-{‑I‑p‑w t‑N‑mÀ-¯-e‑n-
e‑m-b d-^‑m h‑n-h‑m-Z‑w N‑q-S‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨ \‑n-c-b‑m-b‑n. _‑n-s‑P-]‑n-b‑n t‑N-c‑p‑w
I‑m-e-¯‑v t‑S‑m-t‑k‑m G-h‑n-t‑b-j³ a‑p-¼‑v, _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-s‑¡
{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S t‑^‑m-W‑p‑w s‑]- C-t‑¸‑m-g-s‑¯ s‑F-S‑n a-{‑´‑n A-i‑z‑n-
K‑m-k-k‑v U‑m-ä‑m-t‑_-k‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n- \‑n s‑s‑h-j‑v-W-h‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w I‑p-
c‑p-¶‑p. A-\‑n A‑w-_‑m-\‑n-b‑p‑w S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w t‑^‑m-W‑p-IÄ
d-^‑m h‑n-h‑m-Z C-S-]‑m-S‑v X‑p-SÀ-¨- 2017 t‑N‑mÀ-¯-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. s‑s‑h-
b‑m-b‑n \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-¶ {‑_³-U‑v K‑p-P-d‑m-¯‑v D-¨-t‑I‑m-S‑n-¡‑v
C-´‑y³ F-I‑v-k‑v-{‑]-Ê‑v t‑e-J-I³ c-ï‑v ]-²-X‑n-IÄ k-aÀ-¸‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑v
k‑p-j‑m-´‑v- k‑n-§‑p‑w N‑m-c-h-e-b- ]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑n-X‑v. a-[‑y-{‑]-t‑Z-i‑n-
¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n. s‑e {‑]-Ë‑m-Z ]-t‑«-e‑m-W‑v a-s‑ä‑m-c‑mÄ.
I-g‑n-ª a-{‑´‑n-k-`‑m ]‑p-\:k‑w-L-S-
I-g‑n-ª t‑e‑m-I‑v-k-` C-e-£³ \-b‑n C-t‑±-l-s‑¯ X-c‑w-X‑m-g‑v-¯‑n-
k-a-b-¯‑v {‑]-N‑m-c-W d‑m-e‑n-I-f‑n b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
\-t‑c-{‑µ t‑a‑m-Z‑n \-S-¯‑n-b {‑]-k‑w-
K‑w X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑v N-«-§-f‑p-s‑S C-¡-g‑n-ª t‑e‑m-I‑v-k-`‑m s‑X-c-
e‑w-L-\-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p- s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑n-s‑â a‑p-t‑¶‑m-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
¸‑v I-½‑o-j³ A‑w-K‑w A-t‑i‑m-I‑v ¶‑p c‑m-l‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S c-ï‑v
e-h‑m-k \‑n-e-]‑m-s‑S-S‑p-¯-X‑n-\‑p t‑^‑m-W‑p‑w s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-
]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e e-h‑m-k-b‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w I‑p- ¨-X‑v. A-a‑n-X‑v j‑m-b‑p-s‑S a-I³

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 28

P-b‑v-j‑m-b‑p-s‑S k‑z-¯‑n s‑]-s‑«- c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v C-{‑X h-e‑n-b k‑p-c-
¶‑p-ï‑m-b h³-hÀ-[-\-h‑v ]‑p-d-¯‑p- £‑m-h‑o-g‑v-N D-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v
s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶-X‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e-b‑m- D-d-¸‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w C-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c t‑I-{‑µ-
W‑v a‑m-[‑y-a-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I t‑c‑m-l‑n-W‑n kÀ-¡‑mÀ A-t‑\‑z-j-W‑w {‑]-J‑y‑m-
k‑n-§‑n-s‑\ s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v \‑n-c‑o-£-W- ]‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑v F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v?
¯‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. k‑n-²‑mÀ-Y‑v `-c-X- s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v h‑n-h‑m-Z-¯‑n t‑I-{‑µ-
\‑p‑w F‑w-s‑I t‑h-W‑p-h‑p‑w A-S-¡‑w kÀ-¡‑m-d‑n-s‑â H-f‑n-¨‑p-I-f‑n-s‑b I‑p-d‑n-
kÀ-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑\ h‑n-aÀ-i-\‑m-ß-I-a‑m-b‑n ¨‑v a‑p³ B-`‑y-´-c-a-{‑´‑n ]‑n N‑n-Z‑w-
k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶ a‑m-[‑y-a-{‑]-hÀ-¯- _-c‑w S‑z‑n-ä-d‑n I‑p-d‑n-¨-X‑v C-§-s‑\:
IÀ‑, D-aÀ-J‑m-e‑n-Z‑p‑w A-\‑nÀ-_³ ‑’s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v ]-«‑n-I-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-
`-«‑m-N‑m-c‑y-b‑p‑w A-S-¡-a‑p-Å h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ- s‑¸-« {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« a‑q-¶‑v P-\‑m-[‑n-
°‑n t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-ä‑p-I- ]-X‑y c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W‑w
f‑p-s‑S J-\‑n N‑q-j-W-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m- {‑i-²‑n-¡‑p-I: {‑^‑m³-k‑v A-t‑\‑z-j-
b‑n t‑]‑m-c‑m-S‑p-¶ B-Î‑n-h‑n-Ì‑p-IÄ W‑w {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ t‑Z-
DÄ-¸-s‑S-b‑p-Å-hÀ s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v i‑o-b k‑p-c-£‑m I‑u¬-k‑n t‑b‑m-
]-«‑n-I-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. F-¶‑m I‑m-c‑y- K‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p.‑’ F³-F-k‑v-H I-¼-\‑n
§Ä C-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-s‑W- {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶ C-k‑v-d‑m-C‑uÂ
¦‑n-e‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-I-s‑f A-h-c-d‑n-b‑m- t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-X‑o-h K‑u-c-h h‑n-j-
s‑X \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n b-a‑m-b‑n C-t‑¸‑mÄ D-bÀ-¶‑p-h-¶
h‑n-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-e‑m-b s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v N‑m-c s‑h-f‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-e‑p-I-s‑f I‑m-W‑p-¶‑p.
t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v-s‑h-b-d‑n-s‑â \‑nÀ-a‑m-X‑m- A-t‑\‑z-j-W I-½‑o-j-s‑\ {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-
¡-f‑m-b C-k‑v-d‑m-C‑u s‑s‑k-_À ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. F-¶‑m \‑n-b-
k‑p-c-£‑m I-¼-\‑n F³-F-k‑v-H {‑K‑q- a-h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-b N‑m-c-\‑n-c‑o-£-W‑w
¸‑v \Â-I‑n-b h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-W‑w - t‑e‑m- k‑z-´‑w c‑m-P‑y‑m-X‑nÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-Å‑nÂ
I-s‑¯ t‑I‑m-S‑n-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑m-f‑p-IÄ \-S-¶‑p-s‑h-¶ s‑R-«‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑X-f‑n-
k‑p-J-a‑m-b‑p-d-§‑p-¶-X‑p‑w \‑n-c-¯‑p- h‑p-IÄ ]‑p-d-¯‑p-h-¶‑n-«‑p‑w `-c-W-I‑q-
I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S k‑p-c-£‑n-X-c‑m-b‑n \-S-¡‑p- S-¯‑n-t‑\‑m c‑m-P‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â
¶-X‑p‑w s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å h-à‑m-¡-f‑m-b _‑n-s‑P-]‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯-
k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I-h‑n-Z‑y-IÄ c-l-k‑y-t‑\‑z- IÀ-t‑¡‑m AÂ-]‑w t‑Z-i‑o-b-h‑n-I‑m-c‑w
j-W‑, \‑n-b-a-\‑nÀ-h-l-W G-P³- t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑m-¯-X‑n A-Û‑p-
k‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-¡-e‑p-Å-X‑n-\‑m-e‑m-s‑W- X-a‑p-t‑ï‑m?
¶‑m-W‑v.
k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-X F-´‑n-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑v

29 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n- \nbahncp²amb Nmc\nco£Ww
c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p `-c-W-I‑q-S B-c‑m-[-IÀ. kz´w cmPymXnÀ¯n¡pÅnÂ
s‑]‑m-X‑p-P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯ _‑m-[‑n-¡‑m- \S¶psh¶ sR«n¡p¶ sX-
¯-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n k‑q- fnhpIÄ ]pd¯ph¶n«pw
£‑n-¡‑m³ ]‑u-c-\‑p-Å A-h-I‑m-i‑w `cWIqS¯nt\m cmPykvt\
`-c-W-L-S-\ X-s‑¶ D-d-¸‑p-X-c‑p-¶ l¯nsâ hàm¡fmb _nsP
c‑m-P‑y-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v C‑u t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w ]n {]hÀ¯IÀt¡m tZiob
D-b-c‑p-¶-X‑v. k-a‑q-l-s‑¯ _‑m-[‑n- hnImcw AÂ]w t]mepw
¡‑p-¶ h‑n-h-c-§-s‑f‑m-g‑n-s‑I-b‑p-Å tXm¶m¯Xn AÛpXan-tÃ?

k‑z-I‑m-c‑y h‑n-h-c-§Ä ]-c-k‑y-s‑¸- s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e k‑p-{‑]‑o‑w
S‑p-¯-W-s‑a-¶‑v B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑m³ t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑aÂ-t‑\‑m-«-
`-c-W-I‑q-S-¯‑n-\‑p I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. A-X‑v ¯‑n k‑p-X‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b k‑m-
`-c-W-L-S-\‑m-h‑n-c‑p-²-h‑p‑w \‑n-b-a-e‑w- t‑¦-X‑n-I ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[-\-I-f‑p-s‑S
L-\-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v. k‑p-{‑]‑o‑w t‑I‑m-S-X‑n k‑z-X-{‑´-a‑m-b A-t‑\‑z-j-W‑w
X-s‑¶ 2017Â H-¼-X‑w-K s‑_-©‑n- \-S-¡-W‑w.
s‑â h‑n-[‑n-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-X
F-¶ a‑u-e‑n-I‑m-h-I‑m-i‑w A-S‑n-h-c- 2019Â h‑m-S‑v-k‑m-¸‑v X-s‑¶
b‑n-«‑v ]-d-ª-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v. s‑]-K‑m-k-k‑v k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y-s‑¯
I‑p-d‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ \‑n-t‑j-
A-X‑n-\‑p-a-¸‑p-d‑w h‑y-à‑n-I-s‑f [‑n-¨ t‑I-{‑µ kÀ-¡‑mÀ C-¶‑v
H-f‑n-ª‑p \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v P-\‑m- B-t‑c‑m-]-W h-e-b-§Ä-
[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-W‑v. `-c-W-L-S-\ ¡‑p-Å‑n-e‑m-W‑v. B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n
D-d-¸‑p-\Â-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w \‑o-X‑n-]‑oT‑w `-c-W-I‑q-S-¯‑n-\‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w {‑]-i‑v-
D-d-¸‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-b k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-X \-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C‑u N‑m-c `‑o-I-c‑m-
F-¶ A-h-I‑m-i‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m ]‑u-c- {‑I-a-W-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑n-e‑m-c‑m-
\‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡-W‑w. A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w \‑n-e- s‑W-¶‑v c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-\-d‑n-b-W‑w.
\‑nÀ-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ G-X‑p P-\-§-s‑f t‑]-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ-t‑¡
a‑mÀ-K-h‑p‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ `-c-W‑m- A-h-s‑c H-f‑n-ª‑p \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-
[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-IÄ-¡‑v B-{‑K-l-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑p‑w. t‑¡-ï-X‑p-Å‑q. h‑n-t‑Z-i N‑m-c
X‑p-SÀ `-c-W-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v-s‑h-bÀ c-l-k‑y-§Ä
\-S-¯‑p-¶ P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑n-c‑p-²- t‑N‑mÀ-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ P-\‑m-[‑n-
a‑m-b s‑\-d‑n-t‑I-S‑m-W‑n-s‑X-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n- ]-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-´-Ê‑m-W‑v
¨-d‑n-b‑m‑w. {‑]-X‑n-]-£‑w B-h-i‑y- ]-c-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n A-]-I‑oÀ-¯‑n-s‑¸-
S‑p-¯‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑v ]‑u-c-·‑m-c‑p‑w
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 30 `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑p‑w A-d‑n-t‑b-
ï-X‑p-ï‑v. H-c‑p `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w
k‑z-´‑w P-\-X-s‑b t‑]-S‑n-¡‑p-
¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-¡‑v
B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑n-Ã F-¶‑m-
WÀ-°‑w. P-\-X `-c-W-I‑q-
S-s‑¯ t‑]-S‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ
P-\-X-b‑v-¡‑v B `-c-W-¯‑nÂ
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑n-Ã F-¶‑p‑w. P-\-
¯‑n-\‑v `-c-W-I‑q-S-s‑¯-b‑p‑w
`-c-W-I‑q-S-¯‑n-\‑v P-\-s‑¯-b‑p‑w
t‑]-S‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑n-Ã‑m-¯ A-h-
Ø-b‑m-W‑v i-c‑n-b‑m-b P-\‑m-[‑n-
]-X‑y‑w.

\nco-£Ww

AUz. sIFwF dDu^v kJm^n

kzmX{´ym\´c C´ybnse
P\m[n]Xyhpw atXXcXzhpw

sshtZinIm[n]Xy¯n \n¶mWv 1947 cmPyw kzX{´ambXv. tIhew
cm{ãobm[n]Xy¯n \n¶pÅ tamN\w am{Xambncp¶p AXv. A`n-\h

{]Pm]Xn XoÀ¡p¶ AkzmX{´y§fpw \nco-£-W heb§fpw
B kXyw \s½ IqSp-XÂ t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

1947 B-K-Ì‑v 14 b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑Z-i‑o-b s‑F-I‑y‑w
AÀ-[-c‑m-{‑X‑n- \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â
b‑n C-´‑y k‑z-X-{‑´-a‑m-b‑n. `‑q-]-c-a‑m-b A-J-Þ-X k‑w-c-
s‑s‑h-t‑Z-i‑n-I‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n £‑n-¨‑v c‑m-{‑ã \‑nÀ-a‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑v
\‑n-¶‑m-W‑v c‑m-P‑y‑w k‑z-X-{‑´- A-S‑n-¯-d ]‑m-I‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑m-
a‑m-b-X‑v. t‑I-h-e‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o- b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p {‑]-[‑m-\ s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-
b‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p-Å f‑n. c‑m-{‑ã i‑nÂ-¸‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. k-a‑p-N‑n-X-h‑p‑w ]-I‑z-h‑p-a‑m-b
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑m-\-´-c C-´‑y- C-S-s‑]-S-e‑n-e‑q-s‑S C-´‑y A-`‑n-
b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y hÀ-j-§Ä a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¨ {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-¡‑v
s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-IÄ \‑n-d-ª-X‑m- {‑]-X‑n-h‑n-[‑n I-s‑ï-¯‑m-\‑m-b‑n.

31 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X a-X-§-f‑n h‑n-i‑z-k‑n- Ã‑m-¯-{‑X-b‑p‑w h‑n-]‑p-e-h‑p‑w B-I-
¡‑p-¶‑, B-N‑m-c-§-f-\‑p-j‑vT‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, k‑v-a‑n-I-h‑p‑w A-\‑m-k‑q-{‑X‑n-X-h‑p‑w
`‑m-j-IÄ k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, a‑p-¸- Z‑p-c-´-]‑qÀ-W-h‑p-a‑m-b a-\‑p-j‑y
¯‑n-b‑m-d‑v t‑I‑m-S‑n-t‑b‑m-f‑w h-c‑p-¶ s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä-¯‑n-\‑v h-g‑n-s‑X-f‑n-b‑n-¨
C-´‑y³ P-\-X-s‑b H-c‑p \‑q-e‑n h‑n-`-P-\‑w h-c‑p-¯‑n-b a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-
t‑I‑mÀ-¯‑v k-a‑m-[‑m-\-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I I-f‑p-W-¡‑m³ H‑m-S‑n \-S-¶‑p.
F-¶-X‑v Z‑p-j‑v-¡-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑z‑m- ]-©‑m-_‑v, _‑w-K‑mÄ X‑p-S-§‑n
X-{‑´‑y Z‑n-\‑m-t‑L‑m-j-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w c‑m-P‑y‑m-X‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑p-s‑S C-c‑p-h-i-
]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m-s‑X a-X hÀ-K‑o-b e-l- §-f‑n-e‑p-Å e-£-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑v
f-I-f‑p‑w h‑n-`-P-\-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-I- \‑y‑q-\-]-£ h‑n-`‑m-K-§Ä Z‑p-c‑n-
f‑p‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¨ I-e‑m-]-`‑q-a‑n-I-f‑n X-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-hÀ-¡‑v
B-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\- k‑z-´‑w h‑o-S‑v h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-t‑I-ï‑n
¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w h-e-b-§Ä X‑oÀ-¡‑m- h-¶‑p. h‑n-`-P-\-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-
\‑m-W‑v a-l‑m-ß‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n {‑i-a‑n-¨-X‑v. IÄ l‑r-Z-b-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑n-`-P-\-a‑m-
A-{‑I-a‑w s‑h-S‑n-b‑m³ I-e‑m-]-I‑m-c‑n-I- b‑n h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑p. k‑z‑m-X-
t‑f‑m-S-t‑±-l‑w B-l‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. {‑´‑y‑m-\-´-c \‑m-f‑p-IÄ C-Æ‑n-[‑w
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-b-X‑v-\-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S I-e‑p-j-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
k‑m-a‑p-Z‑m-b‑n-I k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w c‑q-]-s‑¸-«‑p.
P-\-§Ä s‑X-c‑p-h‑p-I-f‑n \‑r-¯‑w Z‑p-c‑n-X-§-f‑p‑w I-e-l-§-f‑p‑w
s‑h-¨‑v k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¨‑p. \‑r-¯‑w s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w C-´‑y-
a‑m-\-h-N-c‑n-{‑X‑w A-¶‑p-h-s‑c I-ï‑n-«‑n- s‑b-¶ _-l‑p-k‑z-c B-i-b-s‑¯
\‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑m-\‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n

Kpcp-X-c-am-b Hcp L«-¯n-te¡v t‑k-h-\‑w s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-a‑m-W‑v c‑m-{‑ã
cmPyw kmh-[m\w \o§p-I-bm- i‑nÂ-¸‑n-IÄ {‑i-a‑n-¨-X‑v. _-l‑p-
sW¶v C¶v FÃm-hcpw k‑z-c-§-s‑f A-\‑p-\-b‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-
`b¡p¶p. AsXmgnhm¡m³ b‑p-Å b-X‑v-\‑w a-l-¯‑m-s‑b‑m-c‑p
Gähpw Bhiyw `c-WLS\ IÀ-a-a‑m-s‑W-¶-hÀ A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-
bpsS kwc£Ww Dd-¸p-h-cp- b-s‑¸-«‑p. k-l‑n-j‑v-W‑p-X‑, k‑m-
¯p-I-bm-Wv. t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b a‑q-e‑y-§-
s‑f h‑n-f-¡‑n-t‑¨À-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 32 `-c-W-L-S-\‑m c‑q-]-IÂ-¸-\

s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. {‑]-Y-a {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n-b‑m- C´ysb¶ Bibw AkvX-
b‑n A-[‑n-I‑m-c-t‑a-ä Z‑n-h-k‑w AÀ- an¡cpXv. P\m[n]Xy
[-c‑m-{‑X‑n t‑NÀ-¶ `-c-W-L-S-\‑m aqey§Ä¡v aqÀ¨bp@mIWw.
\‑nÀ-a‑m-W k-`-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-t‑X‑y-I GIm[n]XyþkÀhm[n]Xy
I¬-s‑h³-j-\‑n P-h-lÀ-e‑m `cWw apdnhpIÄ am{XamWv
s‑\-l‑v-d‑p \-S-¯‑n-b N‑n-c-k‑v-a-c-W‑o- _m¡nbm¡pI.
b-a‑m-b {‑]-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n C-´‑y-s‑b
t‑k-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n B-ß‑mÀ-¸- h‑m-¯ h‑n-[‑w ]-c‑n-a‑n-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p.
W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-h-c‑m-b‑n {‑]-X‑n-Ú- \‑o-X‑n-b‑p‑w k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-h‑p‑w \‑n-t‑j-
s‑b-S‑p-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v A-h‑n-s‑S I‑q-S‑n-b [‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-b-a-¯‑n-\‑p
k-`‑m‑w-K-§-t‑f‑m-S-t‑±-l‑w B-l‑z‑m-\‑w a‑p-¶‑n F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w X‑p-e‑y-s‑c-¶-
\-S-¯‑n. h‑n-[‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å I‑q-S‑n- X‑v(Equaltiy before the Law)
¡‑m-g‑v-N” (Tryst with destintiy) {‑]-a‑m-W-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-X‑p-§‑p-¶‑p.
F-¶ t‑]-c‑n C‑u {‑]-`‑m-j-W‑w P‑m-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-X-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w
]‑n-¶‑o-S-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑p. h‑n-h‑n-[ I‑m-g‑v-N- t‑]-c‑n h‑n-t‑h-N-\-§Ä \-S-¡‑p-
¸‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p‑w A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-h‑p-a‑p-Å-h- ¶‑p. k-hÀ-W t‑a-[‑m-h‑n-X‑z‑w A-c-
c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-hÀ t‑Z-i‑o-b s‑F-I‑y- §‑v h‑m-g‑p-¶‑p.
h‑p‑w A-J-Þ-X-b‑p‑w c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑m³
t‑h-ï-X‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. t‑I‑m¬-Ì‑n- A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b/B-h‑n-j‑v-I‑m-
ä‑y‑q-s‑hâ‑v A-k‑w-»‑n-b‑n-s‑e A‑w-K- c/a‑m-[‑y-a k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-§Ä
§-f‑p-s‑S IT‑n-\ {‑]-b-X‑v-\-¯‑n-s‑â l-\‑n-¡-s‑¸-« C-c‑p-ï L-«-¯‑n-
^-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p 1949 \-h‑w-_À e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v c‑m-P‑y‑w I-S-¶‑p-
26\‑v c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-§-s‑f
{‑_-l-¯‑m-b `-c-W-L-S-\. l-\‑n-¡-s‑¸-« C-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e‑m-c‑p
I‑m-e-k-Ô‑n-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S c‑m-P‑y‑w
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑m-\-´-c C-´‑y-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-s‑¼‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n-
N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑n I-d‑p-¯ A-[‑y‑m-b-§- «‑n-Ã. P-\-§-f‑m s‑X-c-s‑ª-
f‑p‑w A-S‑n-b-´-c‑m-h-Ø t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å S‑p-¡-s‑¸-«-hÀ P-\-§-s‑f h‑n-U‑v-
\‑n-Ý-e-X-b‑p‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w V‑n-I-f‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. CâÀ-s‑\-ä‑v,
a‑p-s‑¼‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w I-S-¶‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n- s‑S-e‑n-h‑n-j³‑, ]-{‑X‑w‑, t‑^‑m¬
«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ Z‑p-c‑n-X-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-k- X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w \‑n-c‑o-£-W-
Ô‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-W‑v C-´‑y C-¶‑v A-`‑n- ¯‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-b-{‑´-W-¯‑n-e‑p-a‑m-
a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â ¡‑p-¶‑p. P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯-b‑p‑w
_-l‑p-k‑z-c a‑q-e‑y-§-f‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k-‑v a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-s‑¯-b‑p‑w I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v k‑w-
I‑m-c‑n-I s‑s‑]-X‑r-I-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-k- k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w a-l‑m-
Ô‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑pÄ-a‑p-\-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v. C-´‑y ]‑m-X-I-a‑m-I‑p-¶‑p.
F-¶ B-i-b‑w A-«‑n-a-d‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑n-
¡‑p-¶‑p. `-c-W-L-S-\‑m a‑q-e‑y-§Ä 33 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31
A-h-a-X‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-I-t‑b‑m \‑n-j‑v-¡‑m-
k‑n-X-a‑m-h‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-f‑p
s‑N-Ã‑p-t‑´‑m-d‑p‑w `‑o-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑n-g-e‑p-
IÄ C-c‑p-«‑v ]-c-¯‑p-¶‑p. P-\‑m-[‑n-
]-X‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
]‑p-X‑n-b a‑m-\-§Ä ]‑n-d-¡‑p-¶‑p.
N-c‑n-{‑X-§Ä ]‑mÀ-i‑z-h-X‑v-¡-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-
S‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-t‑b‑m ^‑m-k‑n-k‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-
]-X‑y-¯‑n-\‑v I‑q-¨‑v h‑n-e-§‑n-S‑p-¶‑p.
]‑u-c‑m-h-I‑m-i-§Ä B-k‑z-Z‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-

P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-h‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e _-l‑p-h‑n-[-a‑m-b
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§Ä-¡‑v H-c‑p k‑z-X-{‑´
a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-h‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã-¯‑n i‑m-´‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S hÀ-
¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-I-W‑w F-¶ I‑m-g‑v-
P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y/a-t‑X-X-c/k‑z‑m-X- N-¸‑m-S‑v F-¶‑p‑w K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-¡‑p-
{‑´‑y k-¦Â-¸-§Ä-¡‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p a-X‑m-ß-I
\‑nÀ-h-N-\-§-f‑m-W‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑m-W‑m- c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v a-t‑X-X-c `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w
\‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. C-´‑y³ P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
]‑n-d-h‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯-X‑v `-c-W-L-S-\- k‑z-X-{‑´ C-´‑y A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-
b‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v. P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯- ¡‑p-¶ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-
¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v `‑q-c‑n-]-£‑w C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑p‑w f‑n-s‑b-¶‑v s‑\-{‑l‑p {‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h‑n-¨‑n-
A-Ú-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w «‑p-ï‑v.
t‑]‑m-s‑e `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S \‑n-e-
h‑nÂ-h-¶ a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑m-W‑v C-´‑y³ We, The People of India...
a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z‑w. C-X‑n-\‑p K‑m-Ô‑n-b‑p- F-¶‑v X‑p-S-§‑p-¶ B-a‑p-J-¯‑nÂ
s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑\-{‑l‑p-h‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w {‑]-X‑y- C-´‑y-s‑b H-c‑p ]-c-a‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑,
£ ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. Ø‑n-X‑n-k-a-X‑z‑, a-t‑X-X-c‑, P-\‑m-
[‑n-]-X‑y‑, d‑n-]-»‑n-¡‑m-b‑n k‑w-
tIhe \nba]pkv-XIw h‑n-[‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w ]‑u-c-
F¶Xn\¸pdw Hcp almcm- ·‑mÀ-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w X-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b
jv-{Ssa¶ \nebn C´ysb N‑n-´-b‑v-¡‑p‑w B-i-b-{‑]-I-S-\-¯‑n-
P\m[n]Xy]cambn \‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑p‑w a-X-\‑n-
]p\:kwLSn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw j‑vT-¡‑p‑w B-c‑m-[-\-IÄ-¡‑p-a‑p-Å
apt¶m«p sIm@pt]mIp k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-h‑p‑w ]-Z-h‑n-þ-A-h-k-c‑,
¶Xn\pw amÀKZÀin k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I k-a-X‑z-§Ä-¡‑p‑w
IqSnbmW- v- `cWLS\. h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-´-Ê‑p‑w c‑m-
{‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â s‑F-I‑y-h‑p-a‑p-d-¸‑p-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 34

h-c‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ i-à‑n-b‑m-b‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-
]‑p-eÀ-¯‑m-\‑p‑w k-K‑u-c-h‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m- t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w C-´‑y h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-
\‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑p‑w h‑y-à-a‑m-b‑n t‑¼‑mÄ {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ k‑z-]‑v-\‑w
]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. I-ï-t‑]‑m-s‑e B-´-c‑n-I s‑s‑i-
Y‑n-e‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v c‑m-P‑y‑w I‑q-¸‑p-
C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w I‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. h‑n-h‑n-[
X-IÀ-¯‑v ]‑qÀ-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c-h‑p‑w a-X-{‑K‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑m-b‑p‑w t‑K‑m-{‑X-§-f‑p‑w
A-[‑o-i-X‑z-h‑p‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡-W-s‑a- P‑m-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w D-]-P‑m-X‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-
¶‑m-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶ G-s‑X‑m-c‑p {‑K‑q-¸‑p‑w b‑p‑w P-\-§Ä h‑n-L-S‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
B-Z‑y‑w B-{‑I-a‑n-¡‑p-I C-´‑y³ c‑m-P‑y‑w \‑n-c-´-c k‑w-LÀ-j-¯‑n-
a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z-s‑¯-b‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑p-d-¸‑m- t‑e-¡‑v F-S‑p-s‑¯-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w
W‑v. k-h‑n-t‑i-j-a‑m-b C‑u s‑k-¡‑p- s‑N-¿‑p‑w.
e-d‑n-e-k-¯‑n-s‑â \‑m-i-t‑¯‑m-s‑S
a‑m-{‑X-t‑a X-§-f‑p-s‑S G-I-i‑n-e‑m‑, h‑n-h‑n-[ a-X‑m-\‑p-b‑m-b‑n-IÄ-
G-I‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y‑w s‑I-«‑n-¸- ¡‑n-S-b‑n c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p
S‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑q F-¶‑v P-\‑m-[‑n-]- h‑n-t‑h-N-\-h‑p‑w IÂ-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑,
X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â i-{‑X‑p-¡Ä-¡‑v \-¶‑m-b‑n H-c‑p a-X-¯‑n-\‑p‑w k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X
A-d‑n-b‑m‑w. D-X‑v-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. F-¶‑n-
«‑p‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y C-´‑y C-¶‑v
C-´‑y-s‑b-¶ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑\-c‑n-S‑p-¶ s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n c‑m-P‑y-
s‑U-t‑a‑m-{‑I‑m-ä‑n-I‑v, s‑k-¡‑p-eÀ ¯‑n-s‑â A-J-Þ-X-¡‑v X-s‑¶
c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ X-IÀ-¯‑p l‑n-µ‑p c‑m- `‑o-j-W‑n-b‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. ^‑m-k‑n-
{‑ã-s‑a-¶ G-I-i‑n-e‑m c‑m-P‑y-a‑m-W‑v Ì‑p kÀ-h‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y `-c-W‑w
A-h-c‑p-s‑S k‑z-]‑v-\‑w. `-c-W-L-S- c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w
\-s‑b X-IÀ-¯‑v A-§-s‑\ H-c‑p k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-t‑[‑m-K-
a-X-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑w \‑n-e-h‑n h-¶‑m X‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p \-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w‑,
A-S‑p-¯ \‑n-a‑n-j‑w X-s‑¶ B-f‑p-I- s‑]‑m-X‑p-X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-§-t‑f-¡‑mÄ
s‑f-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-h‑n-[ P‑m-X‑n-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w h-¼³ t‑I‑mÀ-]-t‑d-ä‑v X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-
t‑K‑m-{‑X-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w A-X‑p-ï‑m- §Ä t‑aÂ-s‑s‑¡ t‑\-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w
¡‑p-¶ D-¨-\‑o-N-X‑z-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ A-h-Ø-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-

35 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C‑u \‑m-S‑n-s‑â k-h‑n- s‑S-b‑p‑w C-S-b‑n a-[‑y-hÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-
t‑i-j-X-b‑p‑w `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S b‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶ A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\
H‑u-¶-X‑y-h‑p‑w h‑o-ï‑p‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n- {‑]-a‑m-W-a‑m-W‑v `-c-W-L-S-\.
S‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p P-\-X-b‑p-s‑S k‑r-j‑v-
S‑n k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w `-c-W-\‑nÀ-h-l-W‑w‑, \‑n-b-a-\‑nÀ-
D-W-§‑m-¯ a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-IÄ t‑]-d‑n a‑m-W‑w‑, \‑o-X‑n-\‑y‑m-b ]-c‑n-]‑m-e-\‑w
\‑m-i-¯‑n-s‑â X-t‑a‑m-KÀ-¯-§-f‑n-t‑e- X‑p-S-§‑n-b K-h¬-s‑aâ‑n-s‑â h‑y-
¡‑v C-´‑y I‑q-¸‑p-I‑p-¯‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w X‑y-k‑v-X h‑n-`‑m-K-§Ä X-½‑n-e‑p‑w
h‑n-Z‑q-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑n-Ã. t‑I-{‑µ K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v, k‑w-Ø‑m-\
K-h¬-s‑aâ‑p-IÄ‑, {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I
`-c-W-L-S-\-b‑m-W‑v `-c-W Ø‑m-]-\-§Ä X‑p-S-§‑n-b
B-ß‑m-h‑v h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X t‑a-J-e-IÄ X-½‑n-e‑p-
a‑p-Å _-Ô-§Ä k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨
c‑m-{‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â A-J-Þ-X-b‑p‑w D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-§-f‑p‑w `-c-W-L-S-\
t‑Z-i‑o-s‑s‑b-I‑y-h‑p‑w I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q-£‑n- h‑n-h-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. A-h-s‑b a-d‑n-
¡‑p-¶ c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\ I-S-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑n-Ã. H‑m-t‑c‑m
{‑]-a‑m-W-h‑p‑w P‑o-h‑m-ß‑m-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v ]‑u-c-s‑â-b‑p‑w k-a‑m-[‑m-\-]-c-h‑p‑w
`-c-W-L-S-\. _-l‑p-k‑z-c-X DÄ- P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-]-c-h‑p-a‑m-b a‑p-t‑¶-
t‑¨À-¶ c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-I- ä-¯‑n-\‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-§Ä
c-a‑m-b a‑p-t‑¶-ä‑w k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v D-d-¸‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v `-c-W-L-S-\. c‑m-
`-c-W-L-S-\-b‑m-W‑v. k-hÀ-W-s‑\- P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â ]-©-k‑v-X‑q-]-§-f‑m-b
t‑b‑m A-hÀ-W-s‑\-t‑b‑m `-c-W-L-S-\ ]-c-a‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w‑, a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z‑w‑,
t‑hÀ-X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p I‑m-W‑p-¶‑n-Ã; F-Ã‑m P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w‑, d‑n-]-»‑n-I‑v (‑osver-
]‑u-c-c‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w l‑r-Z-b‑w s‑X‑m-«‑m-W‑v eigntiy, oscialism, seccularism,
A-X‑n-s‑e h‑m-I‑y-§Ä k‑w-h-Z‑n-¡‑p- democracy, republic) F-¶‑o
¶-X‑v. ]‑u-c-·‑mÀ-¡‑n-S-b‑n k-a- B-i-b-§Ä DÄ-s‑¡‑m-ï‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v
X‑z-h‑p‑w k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-h‑p‑w \‑o-X‑n-b‑p‑w `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S B-a‑p-J-¯‑n-e‑m-
k‑m-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑y-h‑p‑w A-X‑v D‑u-«‑n-b‑p-d-¸‑n- W‑v.
¡‑p-¶‑p. c‑m-{‑ã-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w ]‑u-c-c‑p-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 36

`-c-W-L-S-\-t‑¡Â-¡‑p-¶ `-c-W-L-S-\ t‑`-Z-K-X‑n s‑N-¿‑p-
¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑w C-´‑y³
a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-IÄ ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑n-\‑m-W‑v. `-c-W-L-S-\‑m
t‑`-Z-K-X‑n-I-s‑f I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-c‑m-aÀ-
A-X‑o-h K‑u-c-h-a‑m-b s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n- i‑n-¡‑p-¶ `-c-W-L-S-\‑m h-I‑p-¸‑v
IÄ t‑\-c‑n-«‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v- C-´‑y³ A-\‑p-t‑Ñ-Z‑w 368 B-W‑v. C-´‑y³
`-c-W-L-S-\ I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v-. `-c-W-L-S-\ a‑q-¶‑p h‑n-[-¯‑nÂ
t‑Z-i‑o-b-a‑m-b‑n c‑q-]-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑`-Z-K-X‑n s‑N-¿‑m‑w. ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑nÂ
l‑n‑w-k‑m-ß-I c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â t‑I-h-e `‑q-c‑n-]-£-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑, ]‑mÀ-e-
k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y-¯‑n P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y s‑aâ‑n {‑]-t‑X‑y-I `‑q-c‑n-]-£-t‑¯‑m-
C-´‑y-b‑v-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n h‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p- s‑S‑, ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑n-s‑e {‑]-t‑X‑y-I
¶-hÀ-¡‑v- B-{‑i-b‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v- `‑q-c‑n-]-£-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w k‑w-Ø‑m-
`-c-W-L-S-\ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v-. t‑I-h-e \-§-f‑p-s‑S k-½-X-t‑¯‑m-S‑p I‑q-s‑S-
\‑n-b-a-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w F-¶-X‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w b‑p‑w. C-X‑p-h-s‑c 104 `-c-W-L-S-\‑m
H-c‑p a-l‑m-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-s‑a-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n t‑`-Z-K-X‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v \-S-¶‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v.
C-´‑y-s‑b P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-]-c-a‑m-b‑n P-\-e-£-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w F-Ã‑m {‑]-X‑n-
]‑p-\-k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w a‑p- ]-£ t‑\-X‑m-¡-s‑f-b‑p‑w X‑p-d-¦‑n-e-
t‑¶‑m-«‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w S-¨‑v `-c-W-I‑q-S `‑o-I-c-X \-S-a‑m-S‑n-b
a‑mÀ-K-ZÀ-i‑n I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v- `-c-W- A-S‑n-b-´-c‑m-h-Ø-¡‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v
L-S-\. A-X‑n DÄ-t‑¨À-¶‑n-«‑p-Å G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-X `-c-W-L-S-\‑m
a‑q-e‑y-§-s‑f A-h-a-X‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-[- t‑`-Z-K-X‑n-IÄ \-S-¶‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. k-a‑m-
a‑p-Å \‑o-¡-§-f‑m-W‑v `-c-W-IÀ-¯‑m- \-a‑m-b-t‑X‑m A-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ K‑p-c‑p-X-
¡-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w I-ï‑p- c-a‑m-b-t‑X‑m B-b H-c‑p k-h‑n-t‑i-j
s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. P-\-t‑{‑Z‑m-l-]-c L-«-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v c‑m-P‑y‑w k‑m-h-[‑m-\‑w
\‑n-b-a-§Ä k-Z‑m c‑q-]‑w s‑I‑m-Å‑p- \‑o-§‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v C-¶‑v F-Ã‑m-h-
¶‑p. `-c-W-L-S-\‑m a‑q-e‑y-§Ä c‑p‑w `-b-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-s‑X‑m-g‑n-h‑m-¡‑m³
]‑n-¨‑n-¨‑o-´-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. A-¸‑w N‑p- G-ä-h‑p‑w B-h-i‑y‑w `-c-W-L-S-\-b‑p-
s‑«-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e {‑]-l-k-\ s‑S k‑w-c-£-W‑w D-d-¸‑p-h-c‑p-¯‑p-I-
\‑n-b-a-§Ä ]‑mÀ-e-s‑aâ‑v D-ï‑m-¡‑n- b‑m-W‑v.
s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑p. `-c-W-]-£-¯‑n-s‑â
H‑m-t‑c‑m {‑]-J‑y‑m-]-\-h‑p‑w P-\-§Ä- C-´‑y-s‑b-¶ B-i-b‑w A-k‑v-X-a‑n-
¡‑v C-S‑n-¯‑o-b‑m-b-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. ¡-c‑p-X‑v. P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y a‑q-e‑y-§Ä-¡‑v
`-c-W‑o-bÀ-¡‑v `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-s‑f a‑qÀ-¨-b‑p-ï‑m-I-W‑w. G-I‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑n-Ã‑m-X‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. `-c-W-L- þ-kÀ-h‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y `-c-W‑w a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-
S-\-¡‑v t‑`-Z-K-X‑n-IÄ k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p- IÄ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v _‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-¡‑p-I.
¶‑p. \‑n-b-a-]‑o-T-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p- a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z‑w a-l-¯-c-a‑m-I-W‑w.
IÄ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-\‑y‑m-b-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p ]‑q-t‑´‑m-¸‑n-s‑e ]‑p-j‑v-]-§-s‑f t‑]‑m-
]‑u-c³-a‑mÀ-¡‑p tXm¶p-¶‑p. s‑e \‑m-\‑m P‑m-X‑n‑, a-X‑, hÀ-K‑,
hÀ-W§Ä C-´‑y-b‑p-s‑S k‑u-µ-c‑y-
Cu \mSnsâ khntijX a‑m-W‑v. a-t‑X-X-c-X‑z‑w \-i‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-
bpw `cWLS\bpsS Hu¶Xy- ª‑m C-´‑y a-c‑n-¨‑p. F-Ã‑m-h-
hpw DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡p¶ Hcp c‑p‑w A-`‑n-a‑m-\‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n I-g‑n-b-W‑w.
P\XbpsS krjv-Sn kw`hn¨n t‑I‑m¬-Ì‑n-ä‑y‑p-hâ‑v A-k‑w-»‑n-b‑nÂ
sæn Hcn¡epw DW§m¯ 1949 \-h‑w-_À 25\‑v _‑n-BÀ A‑w-
apdnhpIÄ t]dn \mi¯nsâ t‑_-Z‑v-¡À ]-d-ª‑p: "]‑u-c-·‑mÀ
XtamKÀ¯§fnte¡v C´y a-l‑m-\‑m-b H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â I‑mÂ-
Iq¸pIp¯p¶ Imew ¡Â -t‑]m-e‑p‑w k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-§Ä
hnZqcambn-cn¡nÃ. A-S‑n-b-d s‑h-¡-c‑p-X‑v.'

37 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

s]mfn-s¨-gp¯v

A_vZp dDu^v ]pfn-bw-]-d¼v

amk-¸n-dhn: apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ¡v
A_²w ]än-b-sX-hnsS?

Hcp {]-iv-\-hp-anÃm-¯ amkw Dd-¸n-¡Â hnjb-¯nÂ
"sF-Iy-¯n-\v th-@n' IW-¡p t\m¡n h-lm-_n {]-Øm-\w
kap-Zm-bs¯ F§-s\-sbÃmw Iodn-ap-dn-¨p-sh¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ ]T-\w.

1922þÂ t‑I-c-f a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v C-k‑v-e‑m‑w
s‑F-I‑y-k‑w-L‑w F-¶ t‑\‑m-¼‑v, s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ‑, l-Ö‑v X‑p-S-
t‑]-c‑n \‑n-e-h‑nÂ-h-¶ h-l‑m-_‑n §‑n-b ]‑p-W‑y-IÀ-½-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑mÄ
{‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k \‑nÀ-®-b‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v' (AÂ-a-\‑mÀ
IÀ-a-a-Þ-e-§-f‑n A-s‑s‑\-I‑y‑w h‑m: 33 e: 11‑).
k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑v a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w
a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n h‑n-j-b-¯‑n k‑p- "i-A‑v-_‑m³ a‑m-k‑w 30 Z‑n-h-k‑w
¶‑n-IÄ-s‑¡‑m-¸-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-ï‑m- ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m d-a-
b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-Y-h‑m "i-A‑v-_‑m³ f‑m-\‑n-s‑â l‑n-e‑m-e‑n-s‑\ (]ndh‑n
a-m-k-¯‑n-s‑â A-h-k‑m-\‑w I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p N-{‑µ-s‑\‑) I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑p s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m
s‑I‑m-ï‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m- {‑]‑m-b-]‑q-À-¯‑n F-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-Å-h-
W‑p-I-t‑b‑m A-s‑Ã-¦‑n i-A‑v-_‑m³ c‑p‑w h‑n-t‑i-j-_‑p-²‑n-b‑p-Å-h-c‑p-a‑m-b
a‑m-k‑w 30 X‑n-I-b‑p-I-b‑p-I-t‑b‑m F-Ã‑m k‑v-{‑X‑o ]‑p-c‑p-j-·‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w
s‑N-b‑v-X‑m d-a-f‑m-\‑n-t‑e-¡‑v {‑]-t‑h- t‑\‑m-¼‑v \‑nÀ-_-Ô-a‑m-W‑v' (AÂ-
i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n. N-{‑µ-K-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑pÀ-i‑n-Z‑v ]‑p. 3 t‑]. 253‑). C-§-s‑\
C-hÀ X-s‑¶ ]-d-ª-X‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 38

G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p a‑m-k‑w 29Â W‑v. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-¡‑p-¶
N-{‑µ ]‑n-d-h‑n ZÀ-i‑n-¡Â s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m s‑X-f‑n-h‑p-IÄ [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑p-ï‑v.
B a‑m-k‑w 30 ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-IÂ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w
s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w C-¡‑m-c‑y-¯‑n t‑b‑m-P‑n-¨‑n-
A-S‑p-¯ a‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â B-c‑w-`-a‑m- «‑p-ï‑v. C‑u h‑n-j-b-¯‑nÂ
b‑n I-W-¡‑m-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-s‑a-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n- a‑p³-K‑m-a‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n H-c‑p
e‑m-¡‑m‑w. C-X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-h‑p‑w
\‑m-f‑n-X‑p-h-s‑c a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w t‑e‑m-I‑w C-Ã; ]‑nÂ-¡‑m-e-¡‑m-c‑n-e‑p‑w
H-¶‑m-s‑I A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑p‑w C-hÀ A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b h‑y-X‑y‑m-k‑w C-Ã
X-s‑¶-b‑p‑w k‑z-´‑w B-t‑K‑m-f (a-P‑v-a‑q-DÂ ^-X‑m-h‑m: 25/133‑).‑'
]-Þ‑n-X-c‑m-b‑n h‑m-g‑v-¯‑p-¶ C-_‑v-\‑p (AÂ C-k‑v-e‑m-l‑v 2019 s‑a-b‑v,
s‑s‑X-a‑n-¿-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w AÂ-_‑m-\‑n-b‑p- t‑]: 7‑).
s‑S-b‑p‑w D-s‑s‑Y-a‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-]‑m- C-h‑n-s‑S I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-K-
S‑p-I-f‑p‑w. W‑n-t‑¡-ï-s‑X-¶‑p‑w I-W-¡‑n-s‑\
A-h-e‑w-_‑n-¡‑m³ ]‑m-S‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w
"s‑s‑i-J‑v \‑m-k‑n-d‑p-±‑o³ AÂ-_‑m- ]-d-ª‑n-c‑n-s‑¡ X-s‑¶ C-hÀ "t‑\‑m-
\‑n I‑m-g‑v-N \-á-t‑\-{‑X‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v ¼‑v, s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ F-¶‑n-h-b‑nÂ
X-s‑¶ B-I-W‑w F-¶‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b- t‑I-c-f a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n s‑F-
s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑i-J‑v AÂ D-s‑s‑Y-a‑n: I‑y‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v t‑I-c-f l‑n-e‑mÂ
t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w: a‑m-k‑m-c‑w-`‑w D-d-¸‑n-¡‑m- I-½‑n-ä‑n B-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v' (AÂ-
h‑p-¶ iÀ-C-¿‑m-b a‑mÀ-K-s‑a-´‑m- C-k‑v-e‑m-l‑v 1999 a‑mÀ-¨‑v) F-¶‑v
W‑v? A-X‑n t‑K‑m-f-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w ]-d-ª‑v A-X‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n I-W-
\‑n-c‑o-£-W t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑p-s‑S I-W- ¡‑p-I‑q-«‑n k‑z-´‑w I-W-¡‑p-I‑q-«-e‑p-
¡‑n-s‑\ A-h-e‑w-_‑n-¡Â A-\‑p-h-Z- IÄ-¡-¸‑p-d-¯‑m-W‑v (I‑n-f-i‑n-t‑i‑y‑)
\‑o-b-a‑m-t‑W‑m? a-d‑p-]-S‑n: a‑m-k‑m-c‑w-`‑w k-X‑y-s‑a-¶‑v k‑z-b‑w t‑_‑m-[‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-
D-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å iÀ-C-¿‑m-b
h-g‑n P-\-§Ä l‑n-e‑m I‑m-W-e‑m- 39 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31
W‑v. a-X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-i-à‑n-b‑n-
e‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-h‑p-¶-h-c‑nÂ
s‑]-«-h-\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶-
b‑mÄ. d-a-f‑m³ ]‑n-d-h‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-
e‑p‑w i-Æ‑m ]‑n-d-h‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
A-§-s‑\ H-c‑mÄ I-ï‑m A-X-\‑p-
k-c‑n-¨‑v A-a s‑N-¿Â \‑nÀ-_-Ô-
a‑m-W‑v. I‑m-WÂ D-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ
t‑K‑m-f-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X \‑n-c‑o-£-W t‑I-{‑µ-
§-f‑p-s‑S I-W-¡‑n-s‑\ A-h-e‑w-_‑n-
¡‑m-h-X-Ã‑' (AÂ-C-k‑v-e‑m-l‑v 2017
P‑q-s‑s‑e 3‑).

s‑s‑i-J‑p C-k‑v-e‑m‑w C-_‑v-
\‑p s‑s‑X-a‑n-¿(d‑) ]-d-ª‑p:
"t‑\‑m-¼‑v, l-Ö‑v F-¶‑n-§-s‑\
l‑n-e‑m-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«
h‑n-[‑n-h‑n-e-¡‑p-IÄ-¡‑v I-W-¡‑p-
I‑m-s‑c A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
A-\‑p-h-Z-\‑o-b-a-Ã F-¶-X‑v Z‑o-
\‑n A-\‑n-h‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-d‑n-
b-s‑¸-« I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n H-¶‑m-

¶‑n-S-t‑¯-¡‑v I‑m-c‑y-§Ä F-¯‑n-b‑n- a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v.
c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-W-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑b‑m-P‑n-¨‑n-Ã F-¶
I‑m-c-W-¯‑m \-h N-{‑µ-s‑\
H-c‑p {‑]-i‑v-\-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C‑u I‑m- ZÀ-i‑n-¨‑p F-¶‑v ]-d-ª-h-s‑â
c‑y-¯‑n "s‑F-I‑y-¯‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n' a‑p- k‑m-£‑n-X‑z‑w \-_‑n-b‑p‑w k‑z-l‑m-
t‑¶‑m-«‑v s‑h-¨ I-W-¡‑p t‑\‑m-«-¯‑n _‑n-h-c‑y-·‑m-c‑p‑w X-Å‑n-¡-f-ª-X‑n-
X-s‑¶ h-l‑m-_‑n {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w a‑q-¶‑v \‑v H-s‑c‑m-ä k‑w-`-h-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w C‑u
X-«‑n-e‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. `‑q-a‑p-J-¯‑v P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-s‑c‑m-ä
]-Þ‑n-X-\‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑v I‑m-W‑n-
CXp-kw-_-Ô-am-bn ap-Pm-ln-Zp- ¡‑p-h‑m³ k‑m-[‑y-h‑p-a-Ã' (A-Ð‑p-
I-fp-sS hm-Z-§fpw A-hÀ X-s¶ Ê-e‑m‑w k‑p-Ã-a‑n-þ-N-{‑µ-a‑m-k \‑nÀ-
\Â-Ip-¶ a-dp-]-Sn-Ifpw \-ap-¡p ] W-b‑w: I-W-¡‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w
cn-tim-[n¡mw: t‑]: 45‑).

1. `‑m-K‑n-I‑w 2. k-a-{‑K‑w

a‑m-k‑w I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-Å t‑K‑m-f-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X I-W-¡‑v {‑]-I‑m-
Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-W‑v I‑m-t‑W-ï-X‑v. t‑K‑m-f- c‑w N-{‑µ-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú-c‑p-s‑S I-W-¡‑v {‑]-I‑m- [‑y-X-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑m-k‑w
c‑w I‑m-WÂ A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-b 29s‑â t‑\‑m-t‑¡-ï-X‑n-Ã. (t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑v
Z‑n-h-k‑w B-s‑c-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I-ï-X‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑n-Ã‑, N-{‑µ³ N-{‑I-h‑m-f-¯‑nÂ
k‑m-£‑n \‑n-¶‑m B k‑m-£‑n-X‑z‑w D-ï‑m-h‑n-Ã‑) F-¶-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e I‑m-
k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-s‑X 30 ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n W‑m³ k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-Å Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w
s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w t‑\‑m-t‑¡-ï-X‑n-Ã. (N-{‑µ³ N-{‑I-h‑m-
t‑\‑m-¼‑v/s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ (1999 s‑^-{‑_‑p- f-¯‑n D-ï‑m-I‑p‑w‑) (N-{‑µ-a‑m-k
h-c‑n AÂ-a-\‑mÀ‑, 2014 H-t‑Î‑m-_À \‑nÀ-W-b‑w: I-W-¡‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w
24 i-_‑m-_‑v). t‑]: 43‑, 44‑). A-Y-h‑m N-{‑µ-s‑\ H-c‑p-
\‑n-e-¡‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑n B-{‑i-b‑n-¡‑m-
a-d‑p-]-S‑n:- "29-s‑â Z‑n-h-k‑w h-Ã- s‑X I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶
h-\‑p‑w a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I-s‑ï-¶‑v I-W-¡‑v {‑]-I‑m-c‑w 30 ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-
]-d-ª‑m \-_‑n-t‑b‑m k‑z-l‑m- ¡‑n s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w t‑\‑m-t‑¼‑m
_‑n-h-c‑y-·‑m-t‑c‑m I-W-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-t‑f‑m B-¡‑p-¶-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e
t‑b‑m-P‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-t‑ï‑m F-¶‑v ]-c‑n- i‑m-k‑v-{‑X I-W-¡‑v {‑]-I‑m-c‑w I‑m-
t‑i‑m-[‑n-¨ t‑i-j-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã W‑m³ k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-Å Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w
A-h-c‑p-s‑S k‑m-£‑n-X‑z‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n- 29\‑v a‑m-k‑w I‑m-W‑m-s‑X X-s‑¶
¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-hÀ h‑n-i‑z-k‑v-X-·‑m- t‑\‑m-t‑¼‑m s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-t‑f‑m D-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-
c‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶‑v ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-I ¶‑p.

N-{µ¸nd-hn ZÀ-in-¡Â sImt@m a-d‑p-]-S‑n: C-X‑v c-ï‑p‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯
am-kw 30 ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡Â D-²-c‑n-¨ h-l‑m-_‑n-IÄ A‑w-K‑o-I-
sImt@m sXm-«-Sp-¯ Znh-kw c‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä ]-d-ª-X‑n-
A-Sp-¯ am-k-¯n-sâ B-cw-`- \‑p‑w C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-\‑p‑w A-\‑y-a‑m-W‑v.
am-bn I-W-¡m-¡-s¸Spsa-¶m-Wv
\m-fn-Xph-sc ap-kvenwtem-Iw d-a-f‑m³
H¶msI Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨n«pÅXv. a‑m-k-¸‑n-d I-ï‑m \‑n-§Ä t‑\‑m-
apPm-ln-Zp-IÄ kzmÀ° XmÂ]- s‑¼-S‑p-¡‑p-I‑, i-Æ‑m a‑m-k-¸‑n-d
cy-¯n-\mbn CXv A«n-a-dn-¨XmWv I-ï‑m t‑\‑m-¼‑v a‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-I.
Ipg-¸-§-Ä¡v Imc-Ww.

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 40

d-a-f‑m³ a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶- f‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w
X‑v h-s‑c t‑\‑m-s‑¼-S‑p-¡‑m³ ]‑m-S‑n-Ã. D-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\ I‑p-d‑n-¨
i-Æ‑m a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v {‑]-h‑m-N-I h-N-\-§-f‑p‑w
h-s‑c t‑\‑m-¼‑v h‑n-S‑m-\‑p‑w ]‑m-S‑n-Ã. t‑h-ï‑p‑w-h‑n-[‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-
¡‑m-¯-X‑m-h‑m‑w H-c‑p-]-t‑£
29\‑v a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n- C‑u ]‑m-f‑n-¨-¡‑v I‑m-c-W‑w.
ª‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n i-A‑v-_‑m³ 30 ]‑qÀ- l‑n-e‑m I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c
¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑p-I. C-X‑v {‑]-I‑m-c‑w k‑z- \‑n-§Ä t‑\‑m-s‑¼-S‑p-¡-c‑p-X‑v.
l‑m-_‑n-IÄ 29\‑v a‑m-k‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑p-I l‑n-e‑m I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c
]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-ï‑m ]‑p-X‑n-b \‑n-§Ä t‑\‑m-¼‑v h‑n-S-c‑p-
a‑m-k‑w ]‑n-d-¶-X‑m-b‑n I-W-¡‑m-¡‑p‑w. X‑v (s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑m-¡-c‑p-X‑v)
I-ï‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n B a‑m-k-¯‑n \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v t‑a-L‑w a‑q-S‑n
30 Z‑n-h-k-a‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v K-W‑n-¡‑p‑w. l‑n-e‑m-e‑n-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-
F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w I‑m-W-W-s‑a-¶‑v \‑n-_- b‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑m \‑n-§Ä 30
Ô-\-b‑n-Ã. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k t‑b‑m-K‑y-a‑m-b ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡-W‑w F-¶‑m-
c‑o-X‑n-b‑n H-t‑¶‑m c-t‑ï‑m t‑]-c‑v W‑v {‑]-h‑m-N-I³ \-s‑½ ]
I-ï‑m-e‑p‑w a-X‑n‑' (AÂ-a-\‑mÀ d-a- T‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑m-k-
f‑m³ h‑n-t‑i-j‑m ]-X‑n-¸‑v. t‑]: 10‑). ¸‑n-d-h‑n D-ï‑m-b‑n-«‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w
A-X‑v I‑mÀ-t‑a-L‑w \‑n-a‑n-
"t‑a-e‑p-²-c‑n-¨ J‑pÀ-B³ h-N-\-§- ¯-t‑a‑m a-t‑ä‑m I‑m-W‑m³
k‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-s‑X h-¶‑m 30
]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑m-
W‑v \-_‑n \‑n-j‑v-IÀ-j‑n-¨-
X‑v F-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m‑w‑'
(AÂ-a-\‑m 1999 s‑^-{‑_‑p.
t‑]: 5‑). C-X‑p-h-s‑c D-²-c‑n-¨
a‑p-P‑m-l‑n-Z‑v {‑K-Ù-§-f‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑p‑w X‑m-s‑g ]-d-b‑p-¶
I‑m-c‑y-§Ä a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m‑w.

1‑) t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-
f‑p‑w D-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-h‑m³ I‑m-g‑v-N-
b‑m-W‑v A-h-e‑w-`‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v.
I-W-¡‑n-s‑\-b-Ã.

2‑) I-W-¡‑n-s‑\ A-S‑n-
Ø‑m-\-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-\‑p-h-
Z-\‑o-b-a-Ã F-¶-X‑v Z‑o-\‑nÂ
A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«-X‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w
t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â C-P‑v-a‑m-D-
a‑m-W‑v. C‑u h‑n-j-b-¯‑nÂ
a‑p³-K‑m-a‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w ]‑n³-
K‑m-a‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b
h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-a‑n-Ã.

3‑) I‑m-g‑v-N \-á-t‑\-{‑X-
§Ä s‑I‑m-ï‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-I-
W‑w.

4‑) t‑a-L‑w I‑m-c-W-t‑a‑m
a-t‑ä‑m N-{‑µ-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m-W‑m-

41 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

X‑n-c‑p-¶‑m t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m- I‑m-i-s‑¸-« J‑m-e‑n-Z‑v i‑u-I-¯‑v
\‑p-Å B-[‑p-\‑n-I k‑u-I-c‑y-§Ä F-¶ K-t‑h-j-I³ A-t‑±-l-
D-]-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-t‑b‑m I-W- ¯‑n-s‑â ‑moonsighting/Quran.
¡‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m A-Ã t‑h-ï- html F-¶ s‑h-_‑v-s‑s‑k-ä‑nÂ
X‑v. a-d‑n-¨‑v 30 ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑p-I- Frequently Asked Questions
b‑m-W‑v t‑h-ï-X‑v. About moon sighting (N-{‑µ-¸‑n-
d-h‑n-s‑b I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n t‑N‑m-
5‑) \-_‑n-b‑p‑w k‑z-l‑m-_-¯‑p‑w Z‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§Ä‑) F-¶
I-W-¡-Ã‑, I‑m-g‑v-N-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v a‑m- X-e-h‑m-N-I-¯‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯
k‑w D-d-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å a‑m-\-Z-Þ- H-c‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑y-h‑p‑w a-d‑p-]-S‑n-b‑p‑w
a‑m-b‑n k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑v. C-§-s‑\ h‑m-b‑n-¡‑m‑w:

6‑) _‑n-Z-C-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-g-b-I‑m-e t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w: `‑q-a‑n-b‑n G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑p‑w a‑m-k‑w D-d-¸‑n-¡‑m³ H-c‑p Ø-e-¯‑v N-{‑µ-s‑\ ZÀ-i‑n-
I‑m-g‑v-N-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v A-h-e‑w-_‑n-¨‑n- ¨‑mÂ‑, a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w D-½-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-
c‑p-¶-X‑v. g‑p-h³ A-t‑X Z‑n-h-k‑w C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I
a‑m-k‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯-X‑v
3. B-t‑K‑m-f‑o-I-c-W‑w F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v?

C‑u h‑n-`‑m-K-¯‑n-s‑â D-Å‑n-t‑e- D-¯-c‑w: `‑q-a‑n-b‑n-s‑e H-c‑n-S-¯‑v
¡‑n-d-§‑n-b‑m a‑q-¶‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w N-{‑µ-s‑\ I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B
I‑m-W‑m‑w. \‑n-a‑n-j‑w X-s‑¶ `‑q-t‑K‑m-f-¯‑nÂ
c-ï‑v Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w X‑o-b-X‑n-b‑p‑w
F‑) t‑e‑m-I a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑n t‑\‑m- \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p. N‑n-e Ø-e-
¼‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w G-I‑o-I-c-W- §Ä C-X‑n-\-I‑w X-s‑¶ A-S‑p-¯
¯‑n-\‑p-Å a‑mÀ-K-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n Z‑n-h-k‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑p-I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-
F-h‑n-s‑S Z‑r-i‑y-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w t‑Z-i-t‑`- ¡‑p‑w. B Ø-e-§Ä-¡‑v B
Z-a-t‑\‑y F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w H-t‑c Z‑n-h-k‑w k-a-b-¯‑v (]‑p-X‑n-b‑) a‑m-k‑w
X-s‑¶ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I a‑m-k‑w B-c‑w-`‑n- B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]‑p-X‑n-b
¡-W‑w. a‑m-k‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑m³ A-hÀ-¡‑v
A-S‑p-¯ k‑q-c‑y‑m-k‑v-X-a-b‑w h-s‑c
a-d‑p-]-S‑n: C‑u h‑m-Z‑w {‑]-a‑m-W- I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n h-c‑p‑w. A-X‑n-
§Ä-¡‑p‑w _‑p-²‑n-¡‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X- \‑m a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n ZÀ-i‑n-¨ {‑]-t‑Z-
¯‑n-\‑p‑w \‑n-c-¡‑m-¯-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑v i-¯‑v a‑m-k‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ
]-d-t‑b-ï-X‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m. C‑u h‑n-j-b- A-h-c‑p-s‑S a‑m-k‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-
¯‑n J‑pÀ-B-\‑p‑w k‑p-¶-¯‑p‑w ¶‑n-Ã.
B-[‑m-c-a‑m-¡‑n i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b‑m-S‑n-
Ø‑m-\-¯‑n 4000 hÀ-j-s‑¯ D-Z‑m-l-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v, a‑m-k-ZÀ-
4800 a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n-b‑n K-t‑h- i-\‑w l-h‑m-b‑n-b‑n (l-h‑m-b‑v
j-W‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n A-h- Z‑z‑o-]‑v) a‑m-{‑X-t‑a k‑w-`-h‑y-a‑m-I‑q
F-¶‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w
kz´w B-tKm-f ]-Þn-X-cm-bn C-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w I-c‑p-X‑p-I. X‑m-a-k‑n-
hlm-_n-IÄ hm-gv-¯p-¶ C-_v-\p b‑m-s‑X l-h‑m-b‑n-b‑n I‑m-W‑m-s‑a-
ssX-an-¿-bp-sSbpw AÂ-_m- ¶‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n A-d‑n-b‑m-
\n-bp-sSbpw D-ssY-an-bp-sSbpw s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I a‑m-k‑w
\n-e-]m-Sv N{µ-¸n-dhn ZÀin-¡-W- B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å k-a-b‑w
sa-¶m-Wv. CXp- ]t£ tIc-f- l-h‑m-b‑n-b‑n-s‑e k‑q-c‑y‑m-k‑v-X-a-b-
¯nse _nZ-C-IÄ¡v kzoImcy-a-Ã. ¯‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w (s‑s‑h-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 42

I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w 6 a-W‑n-t‑b‑m- G-X‑v `‑m-K-¯‑p‑w B-I‑m‑w. A-X‑n-
s‑S‑). A-t‑X-k-a-b‑w \‑m A-a‑m-h‑m-k‑n I-W-¡‑m-¡‑n
t‑S‑m-¡‑n-t‑b‑m-b‑n a‑m-k-a‑m-ä‑w \‑nÀ-W-b‑n-¡-W‑w.
A-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w D-¨- A-t‑X‑m-s‑S t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v F-Ã‑m-b‑n-
¡‑v 1 a-W‑n B-b‑n-c‑n- S-¯‑p‑w N-{‑µ-a‑m-k‑m-c‑w-`‑w H-t‑c
¡‑p‑w. Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑p-h-g‑n
t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I‑w
C-X‑v d-a-k‑m³ a‑m- a‑p-g‑p-h-\‑p‑w H-t‑c Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-h‑p-I-
k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w.
t‑S‑m-¡‑n-t‑b‑m-b‑n-s‑e f‑p-
l‑v-d‑v k-a-b‑w I-g‑n-ª‑n- a-d‑p-]-S‑n: t‑IÄ-¡‑m³ k‑p-µ-a‑m-
«‑p-ï‑m-I‑p‑w. t‑e‑m-I- b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑p-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w C-X‑n-\‑p‑w
s‑¯-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w a‑m-k‑w {‑]-a‑m-W-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-
B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v 9 ¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v
a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ a‑p-¼‑v A-hÀ- a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, A-e‑n a-W‑n-I‑v-^‑m³
¡‑v t‑\‑m-¼‑v B-c‑w-`‑n- B-h‑n-j‑v-I-c‑n-¨ l‑n-P‑v-d I-½‑n-ä‑n
¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. H‑m-^‑v C-´‑y F-¶ k‑w-L-S-\-b‑p-
s‑S C‑u h‑m-Z-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑v a-S-h‑qÀ
h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-W‑w h‑n-`‑m-K‑w i-_‑m-_‑v h‑m-c‑n-I-b‑n-e‑q-
B-h-i‑y-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ h‑n- s‑S a-d‑p-]-S‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v C-§-s‑\:
[‑w h-f-s‑c h‑y-à-h‑p‑w
i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n 43 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31
A-t‑±-l‑w k-aÀ-°‑n-¨‑p.

_‑n‑) a-¡-s‑b t‑I-
{‑µ-a‑m-¡‑n a‑m-k-a‑p-d-¸‑n-
¡-W‑w.

a-d‑p-]-S‑n: C‑u h‑m-Z-h‑p‑w
a-X-]-c-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-
¡‑m-¯-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-
b-a‑m-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã.
I‑m-c-W‑w a‑p-I-f‑n D-²-c‑n-¨
A-t‑X X-S-Ê-§Ä C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w
\‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-c-W‑w a-¡-
¯‑v a‑m-k‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v
N‑n-e \‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n ]-I ]‑n-¶‑n-
«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v X-s‑¶
A-hÀ-¡‑v t‑\‑m-s‑¼-S‑p-¡‑p-h‑m-t‑\‑m
s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-
t‑\‑m k‑m-[‑y-a-Ã.

k‑n‑) t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v H-c‑p N-{‑µ-³
a‑m-{‑X-t‑a D-Å‑q. A-X‑n-\‑m H-c‑p
a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n-t‑b ]‑m-S‑p-Å‑q. a‑m-
k-a‑m-ä-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-Z‑m-\‑w N-{‑µ-
¡-e-b-Ã. I-d‑p-¯ h‑m-h‑v (A-a‑m-
h‑m-k‑n‑) B-W‑v. A-a‑m-h‑m-k‑n‑,
a‑m-k-¯‑n H-c‑n-¡-t‑e k‑w-`-h‑n-
¡‑q. A-X‑v `‑q-a‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-I-f‑nÂ

"C‑u A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-K-X‑n t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v I‑q-S‑n A-[‑n-I-a‑m-¡‑n (a-S-h‑qÀ h‑n-
G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w t‑K‑m-f i‑m-k‑v-{‑X- `‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑v C-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑w-`-h‑n-¨
Ú-a‑m-t‑c‑m ^‑n-J‑v-l‑o I‑u¬- K-X‑n-t‑I-S‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e, -h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-
k‑n-e‑p-I-t‑f‑m A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X-Ã. W‑w A-S‑p-¯ e-¡‑w-þ-t‑e-J-I³‑)
C‑u h‑m-Z‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w k-a‑q-l‑w `‑n-¶-X hÀ-[‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-
\‑n-c‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-c-W-§Ä c‑p-¶‑p ^-e‑w‑' (i-_‑m-_‑v 2014
]-e-X‑m-W‑v: (H-¶‑v) C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I H-t‑Î‑m-_À 24 t‑]: 37‑).
{‑]-a‑m-W-§-f‑p-s‑S ]-‑n³-_-e-a‑n-Ã.
B-b-¯‑p-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w l-Z‑o-k‑p-I- i-_‑m-_‑n C-§-s‑\ H-c‑p
s‑f-b‑p‑w \‑o-«‑n-h-e‑n-¨‑v Z‑pÀ-h‑y‑m-J‑y‑m- a-d‑p-]-S‑n F-g‑p-X‑p-¶ k-a-b-
\‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v C‑u h‑m-Z‑w ¯‑p‑w B i-_‑m-_‑n ^-X‑v-h
Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m³ _-Ô-s‑¸-«-hÀ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶ A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w
{‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. (c-ï‑v) h‑n-i‑p-² k‑p-Ã-a‑n-b‑m-W‑v l‑n-P‑v-d I-½‑n-ä‑n
J‑pÀ-B-\‑p‑w {‑]‑m-a‑m-W‑n-I-a‑m-b H‑m-^‑v C-´‑y F-¶ k‑w-L-S-\-
l-Z‑o-k‑p-I-f‑p‑w N‑m-{‑µ-a‑m-k‑m-c‑w-`‑w b‑p-s‑S "N-{‑µ a‑m-k \‑nÀ-W-b‑w:
a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ I-W-¡‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w‑' F-¶
l‑n-e‑m ZÀ-i-\‑w B-s‑W-¶‑v ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w c-N‑n-¨-X‑v F-¶-X‑nÂ
h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. C-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑m- \‑n-¶‑p‑w C-h-c‑p‑w a-S-h‑q-c‑n-I-f‑p‑w
Z-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w I-d‑p-¯-h‑m-h‑v (A-a‑m- X-½‑n-e‑p-Å _-Ô‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-
h‑m-k‑n‑) F-¶ I‑m-W‑m-¯ H-c‑p ¡‑m‑w. a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, B-b-¯‑p-I-f‑p‑w
k‑w-K-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v a‑m-k‑m-c‑w-`‑w I‑p-d‑n- l-Z‑o-k‑p-I-f‑p‑w \‑o-«‑n-h-e‑n-¨‑v s‑X-f‑n-
¡‑p-¶-X‑v. (a‑q-¶‑v) t‑K‑m-f-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X h‑p-ï‑m-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨ C‑u k‑p-
\‑n-c‑o-£-W-§Ä A-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p‑w Ã-a‑n-s‑b-b‑m-t‑W‑m a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w k-a‑q-
I-d‑p-¯-h‑m-h‑v A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n l‑w A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-à F-¶‑v
t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v a‑m-k‑m-c‑w-`‑w G-I‑o- ]-d-ª-X‑v. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w t‑e‑m-I‑w
I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. {‑]-a‑m-W-h‑n-c‑p- A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-¯ B-f‑m-t‑W‑m
²-h‑p‑w i‑m-k‑v-{‑X X-¯‑z-§Ä- C-h-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑i-J‑p l-Z‑o-k‑v?‑!
s‑¡-X‑n-c‑p-a‑m-b H-c‑p a‑n-Y‑y‑m-h‑m-Z‑w
a‑p³-\‑nÀ-¯‑n t‑e‑m-I-¯‑m-c‑p‑w {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-s‑â
]-d-b‑m-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ B-a‑p-J-¯‑n "C-k‑v-e‑m‑w I‑m-c‑y-
B-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¨‑v k-a‑p-Z‑m-b-¯‑n ¯‑n-s‑e \‑m-e‑p‑w A-©‑p‑w‑, A-X‑m-
`‑n-¶‑n-¸‑p-ï‑m-¡‑p-I F-¶ H-c‑p b-X‑v t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w l-Ö‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I-
t‑k-h-\‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑n-hÀ s‑N-b‑v- P-\-X H-¶‑n-¨‑v s‑F-I‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S
X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. G-I‑o-I- B-N-c‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-ï‑v F-¶‑v
c-W-¯‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w h‑n-i‑p-² J‑pÀ-B-\‑n-s‑â 2:189‑,
10:5‑, 36:39 F-¶‑o k‑q-à-§-f‑nÂ
t\m¼pw s]-cp-¶mfpw a-X-]-cam-b \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m‑w‑' (t‑]-P‑v:
hnti-j Zn-h-k-§-fmbn-cns¡ A-Xv 5‑) F-¶‑v ]-¨-¡-f-h‑m-W‑v F-g‑p-X‑n-
F-¶v, F§-s\ \-S-¯-sa-¶v Xo-cp- h‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v.
am-\n-t¡@Xv a-X-¯n-sâ
\nÀ-tZ-i-§-fp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\- C‑u B-b-¯‑p-IÄ \-a‑p-¡‑v
¯n am{X-am-h-Ww. Chn-sS-bmWv ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¡‑m‑w: "\-_‑n-t‑b‑m-
CXp kw_-Ô-ambn tIc-f-¯nse S-hÀ N-{‑µ-¡-e-I-s‑f I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v
apPm-lnZv {]Øm\w \S-¯nb t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ]-d-b‑p-I‑, a-\‑p-
Xncn-adn-IÄ kap-Zmbw hne j‑y-c‑p-s‑S B-h-i‑y-§Ä-¡‑p‑w
-bn-cp-t¯@Xv. l-Ö‑v X‑oÀ-°‑m-S-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
I‑m-e-\‑nÀ-W-b-¯‑n-\‑p-a‑p-Å D-]‑m-
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 44 [‑n-I-f‑m-I‑p-¶‑p A-h‑' (h‑n.J‑p
2:189‑). C-h‑n-s‑S l-Ö‑n-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p
I‑m-e-\‑nÀ-W-b-¯‑n-\‑p-a‑p-Å

D-]‑m-[‑n-b‑m-b‑n N-{‑µ-¡-e-IÄ H-ä-s‑¸-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑n-\‑v s‑X-f‑n-h-Ã.
]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n F-¶-Ã‑m-s‑X "N-{‑µ-\‑v \‑m‑w N‑n-e L-«-§Ä
F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v C‑u B-b-¯‑v
H-t‑c-Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑m-N-c‑n- \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\
¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v s‑X-f-h‑m-h‑p-I? A-X‑v ]-g-b C‑u-´-¸-g I‑p-e-
b‑p-s‑S h-f-ª X-ï‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e
"k‑q-c‑y-s‑\ H-c‑p {‑]-I‑m-i-a‑m-¡‑n- B-b‑n-¯‑o-c‑p-¶‑p' (h‑n.J‑p 36:39
b-X‑v A-h-\‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. N-{‑µ-s‑\ s‑N-d‑n-b-a‑p-ï‑w ]-c‑n-`‑m-j‑).
A-h-s‑\‑m-c‑p t‑i‑m-`-b‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w N-{‑µ³ N‑n-e L-«-¯‑n C‑u-
A-X‑n-\‑v L-«-§Ä \‑nÀ-W-b‑n-¡‑p- ´-¸-g-¡‑p-e-b‑p-s‑S X-ï‑v-t‑]‑m-
I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. \‑n- s‑e h-f-ª‑v I‑m-W-s‑¸-S‑p-s‑a-¶‑v
§Ä s‑I‑m-Ã-§-f‑p-s‑S F-®-h‑p‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v t‑e‑m-I‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³
I-W-¡‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑h- H-t‑c Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑m-¡‑m³
ï‑n. b-Y‑mÀ-° a‑p-d-{‑]-I‑m-c-a-Ã‑m- F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v s‑X-f‑n-h‑m-I‑p-¶-
s‑X A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. X‑v? C-§-s‑\ I-f-h‑v {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v
a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶ B-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑v H-t‑c-Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑m-¡‑p-
t‑h-ï‑n A-Ã‑m-l‑p s‑X-f‑n-h‑p-IÄ h‑m³ F-´‑m-W‑m-t‑h‑m I‑m-c-W‑w?
h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p‑' (h‑n.J‑p 10:5
s‑N-d‑n-b-a‑p-ï‑w ]-c‑n-`‑m-j‑) hÀ-j- "a-I³ KÄ-^‑n s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑m-
§-f‑p-s‑S F-®-h‑p‑w I-W-¡‑p‑w t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w C‑u-Z‑v a‑p-_‑m-
a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-h‑m³ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I d-I‑v F-¶‑v k-t‑µ-i-a-b-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
c‑o-X‑n-b‑n N-{‑µ-s‑\-b‑p‑w k‑q-c‑y- s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \‑m-«‑n ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v
s‑\-b‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m- t‑\‑m-¼-\‑p-j‑vT‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v-. P‑oÀ-
s‑a-¶-Ã‑m-s‑X C‑u B-b-¯‑p‑w W-X-s‑b F-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-¶ ]-Þ‑n-
X-a‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑p-s‑S-
b‑p‑w _‑m-[‑y-X-b‑m-W‑v N-{‑µ-a‑m-k‑w
D-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ-
¡‑v k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-b P‑oÀ-W-X-
s‑b-b‑p‑w F-X‑nÀ-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v.
C‑u N‑n-´-b‑m-W‑v {‑K-Ù-c-N-\-
b‑p-s‑S ]‑n-¶‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑v' (N-{‑µ-
a‑m-k \‑nÀ-W-b‑w: I-W-¡‑p‑w
I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w t‑]: 7‑). A-X‑p- i-c‑n‑,
F-¶‑n-«‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ F-´‑m-b‑n? ]-I-e-
´‑n-t‑b‑m-f‑w I‑p-S-¯‑n s‑h-Å‑w
\‑n-d-¨-X‑v s‑s‑h-I‑n-b‑n-«‑v A-X‑v X-Ã‑n-
b‑p-S-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-t‑¶‑m?

t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w G-I‑o-
I-c‑n-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n k-I-e I-f-
h‑p-I-f‑p‑w C‑u £‑p-{‑Z I‑r-X‑n-b‑nÂ
F-g‑p-¶-Å‑n-¨‑v t‑]-P‑v 71-s‑e-¯‑n-
b-t‑¸‑mÄ C-§-s‑\ h‑m-b‑n-¡‑m‑w:
"`‑q-a‑n-b‑n B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n H-c‑p
Ø-e-¯‑v \-h-N-{‑µ³ {‑]-X‑y-£-
s‑¸-«‑m A-X‑n-s‑\ A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-
a‑m-¡‑n ZÀ-i-\-a‑p-ï‑m-b \‑n-a‑n-j‑w
X-s‑¶ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w s‑]-
c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v
C-h‑n-s‑S B-c‑p‑w h‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.

45 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

\-h N-{‑µ-s‑\ ZÀ-i‑n-¨ Ø-e-¯‑v tIcf hlm-_n-I-fpsS apJ-¯-
t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w B \‑n-a‑n-j‑w X-s‑¶ Sn¨p sIm@v kz´w t\Xmhv
t‑\‑m-\‑z‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w B-t‑L‑m- C_v\p ssXan¿ FgpXn: t\m¼v,
j‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e \‑m‑w lÖv F¶n§s\ lnemepambn
C-h‑n-s‑S a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶ _Ôs¸« hn[nhne¡pIÄ¡v
B \‑n-a‑n-j‑w X-s‑¶ t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w IW¡pImsc ASnØm\
s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-a‑n-Ã. am¡p¶Xv A\phZ\obaà F¶Xv
{‑]-`‑m-X‑w a‑p-X k‑q-c‑y‑m-k‑v-X- Zo\n Adnbs¸« ImcyamWv.
a-\‑w h-s‑c-b‑m-W‑v t‑\‑m-¼‑n-s‑â Hc-`n-{]mb hyXym-khpanÃmsX
k-a-b‑w. s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑n-s‑â k-a-b‑w apkvenwIsfÃmhcpw C¡mcy¯nÂ
k‑q-c‑y³ D-Z‑n-¨‑p-bÀ-¶ t‑i-j-a‑m- Hä-s¡«mWv.
W‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n- I-ï‑v
c‑m-{‑X‑n A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¨‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w ª‑m t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w t‑\‑m-s‑¼-S‑p-
A-S‑p-¯ {‑]-`‑m-X-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v ¡‑p-h‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-t‑a‑m? 7.30
B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v' (N-{‑µ-a‑m-k a‑p-XÂ t‑\‑m-¼‑v B-c‑w-`‑n-¡-W-
\‑nÀ-W-b‑w: I-W-¡‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N- s‑a-t‑¶‑m A-s‑Ã-¦‑n t‑\-c-s‑¯
b‑p‑w t‑]: 71‑). _-t‑e-t‑`-j‑v! C-X‑p k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨ t‑]‑m-s‑e I‑m-W‑m³
X-s‑¶-b-t‑Ã {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I ]‑n-d-h‑n- k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v I-c‑p-X‑n t‑\-
s‑b A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-e‑p‑w c-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ t‑\‑m-s‑¼-S‑p-¯‑v
^-e-¯‑n k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v? X‑p-S-§‑p-h‑m-t‑\‑m k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-t‑a‑m?
N‑m-{‑µ-¸‑n-d-h‑n ZÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-t‑Z- k‑m-[‑n-¨‑m X-s‑¶ C-k‑v-e‑m‑w
i-¯‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v A-S‑p-¯ {‑]-`‑m-X‑w A-X‑v c-ï‑p‑w A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-
a‑p-XÂ t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w k‑q-t‑c‑y‑m-Z-b‑w t‑ï‑m? ]‑n-s‑¶ F-´‑m-W‑v t‑]‑m‑w-
a‑p-XÂ s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ Zn-\hpw h-g‑n? s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b
B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑m-b-X‑v s‑X‑m-«- s‑h-Å‑n-b‑m-g‑v-N t‑\‑m-¼‑v B-c‑w-
S‑p-¯ k‑u-c I-e-ïÀ {‑]-I‑m-c‑w `‑n-¡-W‑w. A-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑n-s‑¶
t‑\‑m-t‑¼‑m s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-t‑f‑m B-b‑n-c‑n- F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v t‑\‑m-¼‑v s‑]-c‑p-
¡‑p‑w. C-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e N-{‑µ-¸‑n-d-h‑n ¶‑m-f‑p-I-f‑n G-t‑I‑m-]-\‑w k‑m-
I‑m-W‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v A-S‑p-¯ [‑y-a‑m-h‑p-I? C-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v
k‑u-c -X‑n-¿-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-`‑m-X-¯‑n- G-t‑I‑m-]-s‑s‑\-I‑y-a-Ã D-t‑±-i‑y‑w‑,
e‑p-Å-hÀ c-ï‑m-a-s‑¯ k‑u-c `‑n-¶‑n-¸‑n-¡-e‑m-s‑W-¶‑v X‑p-S-¡-
I-e-ïÀ X‑n-¿-X‑n-b‑n t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w ¯‑n k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. t‑\‑m-¼‑p‑w
s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p‑w. s‑]-c‑p-¶‑m-f‑p‑w a-X-]-c-a‑m-b h‑n-
t‑i-j Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑n-s‑¡
D-Z‑m-l-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v, A-t‑a-c‑n- A-X‑v F-¶‑v, F-§-s‑\ \-S-¯-
¡-b‑p-s‑S ]-Ý‑n-a X‑o-c-¯‑p-Å s‑a-¶‑v X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v a-X-
t‑e‑m-k‑v-B-©Â-k‑n d-a-f‑m³ ¯‑n-s‑â \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i-§-f‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-
N-{‑µ-¸‑n-d-h‑n H-c‑p _‑p-[-\‑m-g‑v-N Ø‑m-\-¯‑n a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-h-W‑w.
k‑q-c‑y‑m-k‑v-X-a-\ k-a-b-¯‑v I-ï‑p C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v C-X‑p k‑w-_-Ô-
F-¶‑v k-¦Â-]‑n-¡‑p-I. C-h‑n-s‑S a‑m-b‑n t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e a‑p-P‑m-l‑n-Z‑v
k‑q-c‑y‑m-k‑v-X-a-\‑w 6 a-W‑n-¡‑m-s‑W- {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w A-I-s‑¸-« D‑u-c‑m-I‑p-
¦‑n (t‑e‑m-k‑v-B-©Â-k‑n-s‑e c‑p-¡‑p-IÄ k-a‑p-Z‑m-b‑w h‑n-e-b‑n-
k-a-b‑w {‑K‑o-\‑n-¨‑v k-a-b-t‑¯- c‑p-t‑¯-ï-X‑v.
¡‑mÄ 8 a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ ]‑p-d-I‑n-e‑m- (A-S‑p-¯ e-¡‑w: U-b-k‑v-
W‑v.‑) C-´‑y-b‑n h‑y‑m-g‑m-g‑v-N t‑\‑m¬ s‑N‑m-Æ-b‑p‑w a-S-h‑q-c‑n-I-
c‑m-h‑n-s‑e 7.30 B-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. f‑p‑w‑!‑)
t‑e‑m-k‑v-B-©Â-k‑n I-ï a‑m-
k-¸‑n-d-h‑n C-h‑n-s‑S C-´‑y-b‑nÂ
s‑k-¡â‑p-IÄ-¡‑p-Å‑n A-d‑n-

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 46

hyàn-ap{Z

iwkp±o³ kJm^n ap¡w

a¼pdw X§Ä:
t]mcm-«hpw Pohn-Xhpw

tIcfw I@ henb \thm°m\ \mbI\mb a¼pdw X§Ä
aäp aXØtcmSv _lpam\t¯msSbpw klhÀ¯n¯t¯msSbpw
s]cpamdn. Imcyس sslµh\mbncp¶psh¶Xv At±lw ]cn-c-£n¨

aXkulmÀZ¯n\v anI¨ sXfnhmWv.

{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v C-´‑y A-[‑n-\‑n-t‑h-i-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w t‑I‑m-f-\‑n-hÂ-¡-c-W-
¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w Z‑p-c‑n-X-a-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-L-«‑w. \‑m-S‑p h‑m-g‑p-¶
P-·‑n-¯‑w A-S‑n-a-I-f‑m-¡‑n-b IÀ-j-IÀ H-c‑p `‑m-K-¯‑v. \‑m-«‑p-c‑m-P‑m-¡-·‑m-c‑p-
s‑S I‑o-g‑n P‑o-h‑n-X‑w Z‑p-Ê-l-a‑m-b‑n ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-h-«-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n I-g‑n-b‑p-¶
P-\-h‑n-`‑m-K‑w a-d‑p-`‑m-K-¯‑v. `-c-W-I‑q-S-¯‑n-s‑â a-d-h‑n {‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑p-a-X‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-
¡‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p‑w IÀ-j-I-c‑p‑w X‑m-g‑v-¶ P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h
A-S‑n-¨-aÀ-¯-e‑p-IÄ-¡‑p h‑n-t‑[-b-c‑m-h‑p-¶‑p.

k‑m-l-N-c‑y‑w C-§-s‑\ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v l‑n-P‑v-d 1183 d-a-f‑m³
19\‑v b-a-\‑n-s‑e AÂ-a‑p-X-Ã‑m X‑p-d-a‑p-J-¯‑v \‑n-s‑¶‑m-c‑p N-c-¡‑v I-¸Â t‑I‑m-
g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑«-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. k-¿‑n-Z‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v A-e-h‑n F-¶ ]-X‑n-t‑\-g‑p-I‑m-c³ B

47 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

I-¸-e‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑m-Þ‑n- s‑N-d‑p-{‑]‑m-b-¯‑n X-s‑¶ D-¸-b‑p‑w
X‑y-h‑p‑w ]-I‑z-X-b‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª s‑]-c‑p- D-½-b‑p‑w a-c-W-s‑¸-«-X‑n-\‑m b-¯‑o-
a‑m-ä‑w. A-½‑m-h³-a‑m-c‑m-b s‑s‑i-J‑v a‑m-b‑n X‑oÀ-¶ I‑p-«‑n-s‑b a‑m-X‑r-k-
a‑p-l-½-Z‑p P‑n-{‑^‑n(1726þ-1808‑)‑, t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n k-¿‑n-Z-¯‑v l-a‑o-Z-b‑m-W‑v
s‑s‑i-J‑v l-k³ P‑n-{‑^‑n(1764‑) h-fÀ-¯‑n-b-X‑v. A-h-c‑n \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v
F-¶‑n-h-s‑c k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-h- A-½‑m-h³-a‑m-c‑m-b k-¿‑n-Z‑v a‑p-l-½-
c‑p-s‑S Z-A‑v-h‑m {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑n Z‑v P‑n-{‑^‑n‑, k-¿‑n-Z‑v l-k³ P‑n-{‑^‑n
]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-h‑m-\‑p‑w £-W-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w F-¶‑n-h-s‑c-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v.
h-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. ]-t‑£ X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S k-½-X {‑]-I‑m-
A-t‑±-l‑w F-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w c‑w t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p ]‑p-d-s‑¸-S‑p-I-
k-¿‑n-Z‑v l-k³ P‑n-{‑^‑n h-^‑m-¯‑m- b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-¿‑n-Z‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v P‑n-{‑^‑n-
b‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c ]‑p-{‑X³-a‑m-c‑p‑w k-¿‑n-Z‑v P‑n-{‑^‑n X-s‑â k-´-X
A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v k-l‑m-N‑m-c‑n-b‑p‑w X‑n-c‑q-c-§‑m-S‑n
t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-¼‑p-d-s‑¯- J‑m-k‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ P-e‑m-e‑p-±‑o³
¯‑n A-½‑m-h-s‑\ k‑n-b‑m-d-¯‑p s‑N- a-J‑v-Z‑q-a‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v h-^‑m-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑m-
b‑v-X‑p. b‑n C-§-s‑\ h-k‑z‑n-¿-¯‑v s‑N-¿‑p-
I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n: “F-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑o

I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w a¼pdw X§Äs¡m¸w
{][m\ambpw tN˦Xv
{‑]-h‑m-N-I k-´-X‑n ]-c-¼-c-b‑n- P·nþ-IpSnbm³ hyh-Øbn
s‑e a‑u-e-±-h‑o-e i‑r‑w-J-e-b‑n-s‑e  ASnaIfm¡s¸« Xmgv¶
s‑s‑i-J‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v _‑n³ k-lÂ(d‑) PmXn¡mcpw sshtZ-in-Im-[n-
s‑â-b‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p ]-c-¼-c-b‑m-b P‑n- ]-Xy-¯n-s\-Xnsc ]ÞnX
{‑^‑n I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e k-¿‑n-Z-¯‑v t\Xr-Xz-¯n-s\m¸w \ne-
^‑m-¯‑n-a _‑o-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-I- sIm@ ]mc-¼cy apkvenw
\‑m-b‑n l‑n-P‑v-d 1166 ({‑I‑n-k‑v-X‑m-Ð‑w IfpamWv. Bscbpw
1783‑) Z‑pÂ-l‑n-Ö 23 i-\‑n-b‑m-g‑v-N Iqkm¯ k¿nZhÀIÄ
c‑m-{‑X‑n b-a-\‑n-s‑e l-fÀ a‑u-¯‑n- P·namcpsS IncmX \b
s‑e X-c‑o-a‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p P-\-\‑w. §Äs¡Xnsc IÀjIcpsS
iÐhpw c£I\pambn.

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 48

]‑p-{‑X³ l-fÀ-a‑u-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w cmPy¯nsâ k¼¯v
h-c‑p‑w. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a sImÅbSn¡m\pÅ kuI-
F-s‑â a-IÄ ^‑m-¯‑n-a-s‑b h‑n- cy¯n\p th@n aXhntZz-
h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-h‑q. jw Cf¡nhnSm\pÅ {iaw
A-§-s‑\ B \‑n-I‑m-l‑v \-S-¡‑p-I- `cWIqS§Ä F¶pw \
b‑p‑w A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑n X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p- S¯p¶XmWv. {_n«o-jp-Im-
I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. k-¿‑n-Z‑v l-k³ cmbncp¶p CXnsâ XpS-
P‑n-{‑^‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-t‑_‑m-[-\ {‑]-hÀ-¯- ¡¡mÀ. C¶pw Hfnªpw
\-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w B-[‑y‑m-ß‑n-I-X-b‑n-e‑p‑w sXfnªpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-
B-I‑r-ã-\‑m-b a‑p-X-h-Ã‑n-b‑p‑w a-J‑v- IÄ CXp- ]co-£n-¡p-¶p-@v.
Z‑q-a‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I-½‑p s‑a‑m-Ã Z‑m-\-a‑m-
b‑n \Â-I‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-g-b a‑m- d‑p-¯‑p t‑X‑mÂ-]‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑m P-\-§-
f‑n-t‑b-¡Â F-¶ B h‑o-S‑v. k-¿‑n-Z‑v f‑n h-e‑n-b k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w t‑\-S‑m-\‑p‑w
P‑n-{‑^‑n A-X‑n-s‑â k-a‑o-]‑w H-c‑p k‑m- C-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑I‑q-c-]‑o-U-\‑w GÂ-t‑¡-
h‑n-b ]-W‑n-X‑v A-X‑p t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v ï‑n h-¶ a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-¯‑n-s‑â
G-d-\‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w h-Å‑p-h-\‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w DÄ- \‑m-b-I-\‑p‑w c-£-I-\‑p-a‑m-h‑m-\‑p‑w
{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I Z-A‑v- k-¿‑n-Z-hÀ-IÄ-¡‑p I-g‑n-ª‑p.
h-¯‑n-\‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \Â-I‑n-t‑¸‑m-¶‑p.
{‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-
{‑]-t‑_‑m-[-\ t‑K‑m-Z-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑\‑m-¸‑w t‑NÀ-¶-X‑v c-ï‑v h‑n-`‑m-K‑w
C-d-§‑n-b k-¿‑n-Z‑v A-hÀ-IÄ-¡‑v P-\-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. P-·‑n-þ-I‑p-S‑n-
{‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑v h‑n-`‑m-K‑w B-f‑p- b‑m³ k-{‑¼-Z‑m-b-¯‑m A-S‑n-a-I-
I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v F-X‑nÀ-¸‑v t‑\-c‑n- f‑m-¡-s‑¸-«‑, A-b‑n-¯ Z‑p-c‑m-N‑m-c‑w
t‑S-ï‑n-h-¶-X‑v. H-¶‑v, s‑s‑h-t‑Z-i‑n-I A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ X‑m-g‑v-¶ P‑m-X‑n-
i-à‑n-IÄ. c-ï‑v, P-·‑n-a‑mÀ. a‑q-¶‑v, ¡‑m-c‑m-W‑v H-¶‑m-a-X‑v. B-s‑c-b‑p‑w
s‑I‑m-t‑ï‑m-«‑n t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v {‑]-N-c‑n- I‑q-k‑m-¯ k-¿‑n-Z-hÀ-IÄ P-·‑n-a‑m-
¨‑n-c‑p-¶ I-Å-X‑z-c‑o-J-¯‑v. C‑u c‑p-s‑S I‑n-c‑m-X \-b-§Ä-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c
F-X‑nÀ-¸‑p-I-s‑f ]-I‑z-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S s‑N- \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-ï‑p. IÀ-j-I-c‑p-s‑S i-Ð-
h‑p‑w c-£-I-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n P-\‑w A-t‑±-

49 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

l-s‑¯ I-ï‑p. X-§-f‑n B-I‑r-ã- aX¯nsâ t]cnÂ
c‑m-b A-hÀ I‑q-«-a‑m-b‑n k-X‑y-a-X‑w `n¶n¡cpsX¶pw AXv
k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. s‑s‑h-t‑Z-i‑n-I‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y- _mlyiànIÄ¡v \s½
¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b t‑]‑mÀ-a‑p-J‑w A-t‑¸‑m- Iogvs¸Sp¯m³ kuI-cy-sam-
t‑g-¡‑p‑w X‑p-d-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I- cp-¡psa¶pw t_m[n¸n¨v
f‑p‑w. P\-§sf Häs¡«mbn \ne
\nÀ¯n Aehn X§Ä.
I-d‑m-a-¯‑p‑w At±-l-¯nsâ Cu \ne]m
h‑n-e‑m-b-¯‑p‑w Sv A\yaXØÀ¡nSbnÂ
henb _lpam\hpw kzoIm-
k-¿‑n-Z‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v P‑n-{‑^‑n-b‑p- cy-Xbpap@m¡n. A§s\
s‑S-b‑p‑w l-k³ P‑n-{‑^‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p- bmWv a¼pdw \m\m hn`mKw
s‑a‑m-s‑¡ t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n t‑I-c-f- P\§fpsSbpw B{ib
¯‑n C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I a‑p-t‑¶-ä-§Ä tI{µambXv.
\-S-¶‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-¼‑p-d‑w
X-§-f‑p-s‑S h-c-t‑h‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v s‑e h-S-s‑¡ ]-Å‑n‑, F-S-h-® ]-Å‑n-
A-X‑v I‑q-S‑p-XÂ i-à‑n-b‑mÀ-P‑n-¡‑p- IÄ {‑]-k‑n-²‑w.
¶-X‑p‑w P-\-I‑o-b-X s‑s‑I-h-c‑p-¶-
X‑p‑w. ]‑p-X‑n-b \‑m-b-I-s‑\ I‑n-«‑n-b F-«‑m‑w h-b-Ê‑n J‑pÀ-B³
k-t‑´‑m-j-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p P-\- a-\‑x-]‑mT-a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w 17 h-b-Ê‑v
§Ä. B-c‑m-[-\-IÄ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b B-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w \‑m-e‑v a-Z‑v-l-
k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡‑v _‑n-e‑p‑w ^-X‑v-h s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p-Å
A-t‑±-l‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ ]-c‑n-K-W-\ {‑]‑m-]‑v-X‑n t‑\-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶
\Â-I‑n. G-d-\‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w h-Å‑p-h-\‑m-«‑n- X-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v \‑n-c-h-[‑n I-d‑m-a-
e‑p‑w s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n ]-c‑n-k-c-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w ¯‑p-IÄ {‑]-I-S-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n.
\‑n-c-h-[‑n a-k‑v-P‑n-Z‑p-IÄ D-bÀ-¶‑p-h- A-d-_‑n `‑m-j-b‑n A-h-K‑m-l‑w
¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-ª‑n ]-Å‑n‑, X‑m-\‑q-c‑n- t‑\-S‑n _‑m-A-e-h‑o X‑z-c‑o-J-¯‑n-
s‑â s‑s‑i-J‑p‑w J‑m-Z‑n-c‑n-¿‑m X‑z-c‑o-J-
¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-N‑m-c-I-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n. D-aÀ

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 50