sunni voice

J‑m-f‑n(d‑)‑, s‑s‑_-¯‑m³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v S‑n A-d-Ì‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑m-e‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ(\.a‑) A-h‑p-t‑¡‑m-b {‑]-X‑y‑m-L‑m-X-§-s‑f B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑v
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ(\.a‑) X‑p-S-§‑n-b-hÀ XÂ-¡‑m-e‑w A-\-§‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-c‑o-Z‑p-a‑m-c‑n b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-IÄ' (t‑I-c-f
{‑]-[‑m-\‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w U-b-d-Î-d‑n‑).

t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§-f‑p‑w k-¿‑n-Z-hÀ-I-f‑p-s‑S k-a-c-t‑]‑m-
{‑]-X‑n-t‑c‑m-[-§-f‑p‑w c‑m-«-¯‑n-\‑p {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑p
L-«-§-f‑m-W‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-
\‑m-S‑n-s‑\ \-i‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑s‑h- l-¯‑n-s‑â i‑n-j‑y-·‑m-c‑m-b t‑]‑m-c‑m-
t‑Z-i‑n-I i-à‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å b‑p-²‑w f‑n-I-s‑f s‑N-d‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-s‑X
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h-¶ {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v ]-«‑m-f‑w A-h-s‑c
i-c‑n-¡‑p‑w DÄ-s‑I‑m-ï A-t‑±-l‑w e-£‑y-a‑m-¡‑n ]-e B-{‑I-a-W-§-f‑p‑w
k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w t‑\-S‑p-¶-X‑p h-s‑c A-g‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-«‑p. s‑N-¼³ t‑]‑m-¡-s‑c
t‑]‑m-c‑m-S‑m-\‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑n-s‑S i-l‑o-Z‑m- s‑I‑m-¶‑v a‑r-X-t‑Z-l‑w h‑n-I‑r-X-a‑m-¡‑n
b‑m k‑zÀ-K-a‑m-W‑v {‑]-X‑n-^-e-s‑a- k-¿‑n-Z‑v A-hÀ-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S
¶‑p‑w P-\-§-s‑f {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. k-a‑o-]-¯‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑p-h-¶‑p s‑I-
B-ß‑o-b lÂ-J-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w «‑n-¯‑q-¡‑n. A-¯³ K‑p-c‑p-¡-s‑f
]-Å‑n a‑n-l‑v-d‑m-_‑p-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w h-I-h-c‑p-¯‑n k‑z-¯‑v I-ï‑p-s‑I-«‑m³
C‑u k-t‑µ-i‑w P-\-§-f‑n D‑u-«‑n- {‑i-a‑n-¨ s‑s‑h-t‑Z-i‑n-I i-à‑n-IÄ-
b‑p-d-¸‑n-¨‑p. a-I-\‑m-b k-¿‑n-Z‑v ^-f‑v s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-I³
X-§Ä(d‑)‑, i‑n-j‑y³ D-aÀ J‑m-f‑n(d‑) a‑p-l-½-Z‑v t‑I‑m-b-b‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-
X‑p-S-§‑n-b-hÀ k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-X‑z h‑n-c‑p-² ¯‑n P-\-§Ä X-§-s‑f k-a‑o-]‑n-
t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§-f‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n-t‑e- ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-t‑N‑m-
¡‑p h-¶‑p. Z-\-¯‑m i-à-a‑m-b X‑n-c‑n-¨-S‑n-¡‑p
X-¿‑m-d‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. F-Ã‑m
t‑U‑m. k‑n-s‑I I-c‑o‑w ]-d-b‑p- k-a-c t‑k-\‑m-\‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-
¶-X‑n-§-s‑\: "D-®‑n-a‑q-k a‑q-¸³‑, \‑w a-¼‑p-d‑w X-§-f‑m-s‑W-¶‑p-d-¸‑n-s‑¨-
A-¯³ I‑p-c‑n-¡Ä‑, s‑N-¼³ t‑]‑m- ¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-d-Ì‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑m-e‑p-ï‑m-I‑m-
¡À F-¶‑n-h-c‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n h‑p-¶ P-\-t‑c‑m-j‑w A-h-s‑c A-X‑nÂ
\-S-¶ c-à-c‑q-£‑n-X C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v \‑n-¶‑v ]‑n-´‑n-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
h‑n-c‑p-² t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§-f‑n A-hÀ-
¡‑v D-t‑¯-P-\-h‑p‑w D-]-t‑Z-i-h‑p‑w "s‑s‑k-^‑p _-¯‑mÀ' (a‑qÀ-¨-
k-¿‑n-Z-hÀ-IÄ \Â-I‑n F-¶‑m-W‑v b‑p-Å h‑mÄ‑) F-¶ {‑K-Ù‑w k-a‑q-
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. l-¯‑n-\‑p k-aÀ-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v c-ï‑m‑w
C-h-c‑n A-¯³ I‑p-c‑n-¡Ä X‑n-c‑q- L-« k-a-c-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n
c-§‑m-S‑n-b‑n s‑N-¶‑v X-§-s‑f Ø‑n- I‑m-W‑m‑w. k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h-
c‑w k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
C-X‑n-s‑â A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n 1801- \mSns\ \in-¸n-¡p¶ sshtZ-
þ1802 hÀ-j-§-f‑n X-s‑¶ k-¿‑n- inI iànItfmSpÅ bp
Z‑v A-e-h‑n X-§-s‑f-¡‑q-S‑n A-d-Ì‑v ²w hnizm-k¯nsâ `mK
s‑N-¿‑m³ B-t‑e‑m-N-\ \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. amsW¶v \ne-]m-sS-Sp¯
a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e s‑X-¡‑p‑w h-S-¡‑p‑w a‑m- At±lw kzmX{´yw t\Sp¶
¸‑n-f t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]-g-È‑n-c‑m-P- Xp hsc t]mcmSm\pw AXn-
b‑p-t‑S-b‑p‑w k‑w-L-S‑n-X i-à‑n-I-s‑f \nsS iloZmbm kzÀKam-
A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ Wv {]Xn^esa¶pw apkvenw
k-µ‑n-K‑v-[ L-«-¯‑n t‑e‑m-I‑m-Z-c- Isf {]tNmZn¸n¨p.
W‑o-b-\‑m-b A-e-h‑n X-§-s‑f-¡‑q-
51 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

ï‑n-b‑p-Å P‑n-l‑m-Z‑n-\‑v P-\-§-s‑f A-h-s‑c D-]-{‑Z-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v X‑p-SÀ-
t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-a‑q-e‑y I‑r-X‑n-b‑m- ¶‑p. k‑w-K-X‑n A-d‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑p-
b‑n-c‑p-¶ C‑u {‑K-Ù‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-¨‑m-e‑p- k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v i‑m-´-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³
ï‑m-t‑b-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ A-]-I-S‑w a-\-Ê‑n- a-¼‑p-d‑w X-§Ä B-l‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-
e‑m-¡‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v B X‑p. {‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I-a‑m-s‑b‑m-c‑p {‑]-i‑v-\‑w
{‑K-Ù‑w \‑n-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ a-I³ hÀ-K‑o-b I-e‑m-]-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-I-k‑n-
k-¿‑n-Z‑v ^-k X-§Ä A-X‑v C‑u- ¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ P‑m-{‑K-X I‑m-W‑n-
P‑n-]‑v-X‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n- ¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w D-WÀ-¯‑n.
¨‑v h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. C‑u c-ï‑v s‑s‑h-t‑Z-i‑n-IÀ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c H-s‑¯‑m-c‑p-
L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k-¿‑n-Z-hÀ-IÄ t‑\-c‑n-«‑v a‑n-¨‑p-Å k-a-c-¯‑n-\‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C‑u
t‑]‑mÀ-¡-f-¯‑n C-d-§‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. k‑w-`-h‑w D‑u-\‑w X-«‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶-X‑m-
F-¶‑m a‑q-¶‑m‑w L-«-¯‑n A-t‑±- b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I‑m-c-W‑w. A-X‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m
l‑w t‑\-c‑n-«‑v ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-I X-s‑¶ A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S e-£‑y-h‑p‑w. D-bÀ-
s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. ¶ P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w X‑m-g‑v-¶ P‑m-X‑n-
¡‑m-c‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å k‑v-]À-Z-b‑m-W‑v
a‑p-«‑n-¨‑n-d k-a-c‑w A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä-¡‑v t‑l-X‑p-
I‑w. P‑m-X‑n {‑]-i‑v-\‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-s‑f
a-e-¸‑p-d‑w P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e a‑q-¶‑n-b‑qÀ _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-h‑p-a-Ã. X‑m-g‑v-¶
a‑p-«‑n-¨‑n-d `‑m-K-¯‑v C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-t‑e-¡‑v P‑m-X‑n-¡‑mÀ C-k‑v-e‑m‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨-
I-S-¶‑p-h-¶ X‑m-g‑v-¶ P‑m-X‑n-¡‑mÀ- X‑m-W‑v h-t‑c-W‑y-s‑c {‑]-t‑I‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¨-
¡‑v k-¿‑n-Z‑v A-e-h‑n X-§Ä H-c‑p s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-¯‑p-X‑oÀ-¸‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
]-Å‑n ]-W‑n-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p- X-§-f‑p-s‑S \-b‑w.
ï‑m-b‑n. ]-Å‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v B-c‑m-[-\-
¡‑p h-c‑p-¶ C-hÀ I‑o-g‑v-P‑m-X‑n-¡‑m- ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v Ø‑n-X‑n-K-X‑n-IÄ h‑n-
c‑m-b-X‑n-\‑m A-b‑n-¯-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p e-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
]-d-ª‑v D-bÀ-¶ P‑m-X‑n-¡‑mÀ X-S- D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-ØÀ h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ "]-Å‑n
b‑p-I-b‑p‑w B-{‑I-a‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N- \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v X-s‑â `‑q-a‑n-b‑n-e‑m-
b‑v-X‑p. a-X‑w a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-«‑p‑w h-t‑c-W‑yÀ s‑W-¶‑p‑w A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v A-h‑n-s‑S
B-c‑m-[-\ ]‑m-S‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w P-·‑n

2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 52

t‑X‑m-«-t‑È-c‑n A-N‑y‑p-X³ ]-W‑n-¡À s‑S B-c‑m-[-\-b‑n I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶
h‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. k-X‑y-¯‑n B Ø-e‑w s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑p F-¶ s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑m-c-s‑\
C-k‑v-e‑m‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨ s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑p {‑]-l-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ]-Å‑n-¡‑p t‑\-s‑c
F-¶-b‑mÄ ]-W‑n-¡-c‑n \‑n-¶‑p B-{‑I-a-W‑w A-g‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-
h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑p b‑v-X‑p. k‑w-LÀ-j‑w ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S
Ø-e‑w I-t‑¿-d‑n-s‑b-¶ h‑y‑m-P ]-c‑m- P‑o-h-l‑m-\‑n-b‑n I-e‑m-i‑n-¨‑p.
X‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n a‑p-k‑v-
e‑n‑w-I-s‑f-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w {‑]-X‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑v X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v 1841 \‑w-h-_À 14\‑v
\‑nÀ-¯‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v (i-Æ‑m 7‑) t‑I-W t‑j-I‑v-k‑v-]‑n-
]-W‑n-¡À-¡‑v A-\‑p-I‑q-e-a‑m-b‑n X‑o- b-d‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
c‑p-a‑m-\-s‑a-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. X-l- s‑s‑k-\‑y‑w ]-Å‑n-¡‑p t‑\-s‑c B-{‑I-
k‑nÂ-Z‑m-d‑p‑w A-©‑p D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø- a-W‑w \-S-¯‑n. ]-Å‑n-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-
c‑p‑w X-¨‑p-]-W‑n-¡-c‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-س b‑n-c‑p-¶ 11 a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ C-h-s‑c
\‑m-b-c‑p‑w a-ä‑v I‑q-«‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w ]-Å‑n t‑\-c‑n-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w i-l‑o-Z‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w
e-£‑y-a‑m-¡‑n ]‑p-d-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-h‑n- s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.

BNmca\pkcn¨p hm s]m {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c t‑\À-
¯n HmÑm\n¨p 'Fw{_m' F¶v ¡‑p-t‑\À t‑]‑m-c‑p-X‑m³ k-¿‑n-Z-hÀ-
hnfn¨p in£ kzoIcn¡p¶ IÄ-¡‑v A-h-k-c-s‑a‑m-¯-X‑v t‑N-d‑qÀ
Xn\v ]Icw Xsâ ]pXphnizm I-e‑m-]-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v. C‑u b‑p-²-¯‑nÂ
ks¯ km£n\nÀ¯n kzmX- I‑m-e‑n-t‑\-ä a‑p-d‑n-h‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â
{´yt_m[t¯msS N¡n a-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n. N-c‑n-{‑X-
F¶ BCi {]XnI-cn¨Xv I‑m-c³ s‑I-F³ ]-W‑n-¡À F-g‑p-X‑n:
]Wn¡sc tIm]mIpe\m¡n. ‑"{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c P‑n-l‑m-Z‑v
Ah-cpsS Ip¸mbw hen¨p (h‑n-i‑p-² k-a-c‑w‑) \-S-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v
IodpIbpw amdn I¯n X-§Ä B-l‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w
sIm@v apdnth¸n¡pIbpw C-X-c a-X-h‑n-`‑m-K-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v C-t‑±-l‑w
sNbvXp. A-k-l‑n-j‑v-W‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¶‑v C-X‑v
I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. s‑s‑l-µ-h-c‑p-s‑S
C-S-b‑n [‑m-c‑m-f‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-
f‑p‑w B-c‑m-[-I-c‑p‑w D-Å-b‑m-f‑m-b‑n-

53 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

c‑p-¶ C-t‑±-l‑w a-X-{‑`‑m-´-\‑m-b (P‑m-X‑n h‑y-h-Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑p‑w t‑I-c-f
A-d-_‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑p-Å H‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m- N-c‑n-{‑X-h‑p‑w‑).
K‑n-I h‑o-£-W‑w k-X‑y-¯‑n-\‑v
\‑n-c-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑n-Ã. B-b‑n-i-b‑m-b-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j-h‑p‑w
s‑s‑l-µ-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v C-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v N-¡‑n I-{‑]‑m-«‑v X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n
h‑n-t‑c‑m-[-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-S‑n-¨‑p-X-f‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p.
H-c‑p s‑X-f‑n-h‑p‑w C-Ã. C-X‑n-\‑p h‑n-c‑p- a‑mÀ-K‑w I‑q-S-e‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-¡‑m-
²-a‑m-b‑n X-s‑â Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑n e-s‑¯ P‑m-X‑o-b-a‑m-b B-N‑m-c-§-
t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v s‑s‑l-µ-h- f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑p-à-a‑m-I‑m³ k‑m-
s‑c \‑n-b-a‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n A-t‑±-l‑w [‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-b‑n-¯‑w‑, X‑o-ïÂ
h‑n-a‑p-J-\-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v I‑m- t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å \‑n-b-a-§Ä C-k‑v-e‑m‑w
W‑p-¶‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. C-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-X {‑]-t‑h-i-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S X‑n-t‑c‑m-
I‑m-c‑y-س H-c‑p l‑n-µ‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p- `-h‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ
¶‑p-X‑m-\‑p‑w' (a-e-_‑mÀ I-e‑m-]‑w A-[‑x-I‑r-X‑m-h-Ø a‑m-d‑n-b N-¡‑n
{‑]-`‑p-X‑z-¯‑n-\‑p‑w c‑m-P-h‑m-g‑v-N-¡‑p-s‑a- a‑m-d‑v a-d-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v t‑P‑m-
X‑n-s‑c‑). e‑n-s‑¡-¯‑n-b-X‑v.

t‑N-d‑qÀ I-e‑m-]‑w F-¶‑m ‑"]-g-b N-¡‑n‑'¡‑p
{‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¡‑m³ A-\‑p-a-X‑n-b‑p-Å
]‑n-s‑I _‑m-e-I‑r-j‑v-W³ I‑p- ]-c‑n-[‑n-b‑p‑w h‑n-«‑p-Å B-b‑n-i-b‑p-s‑S
d‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p: I-{‑]‑m-«‑v ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y‑w ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S {‑i-²-
I‑o-g‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶ b‑nÂ-s‑¸-«‑p. X‑o-ï‑m-¸‑m-S‑v ]‑m-e‑n-
N-¡‑n-b‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å c-ï‑v k‑v- ¡‑m-\‑p‑w t‑aÂ-¡‑p-¸‑m-b‑w D‑u-c‑m-
{‑X‑o-I-f‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑v ]‑p-c‑p-j³-·‑m- \‑p-a‑p-Å ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S i‑m-k-\
c‑p-a‑pÄ-s‑¸-s‑S B-d‑v A-S‑n-b‑m-fÀ B-b‑n-i s‑N-h‑n s‑I‑m-ï‑n-Ã. I‑o-g‑m-
a-¼‑p-d‑w A-e-h‑n X-§-f‑p-s‑S k-h‑n- f-b‑m-b A-S‑n-b‑m-¯‑n I‑m-«‑n-b I‑q-
[-¯‑n s‑N-¶‑v C-k‑v-e‑m‑w k‑z‑o- k-e‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a I‑r-j‑v-W-¸-W‑n-¡-c‑p-
I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w N-¡‑n B-b‑n-i s‑S k-hÀ-W B-V‑y-t‑_‑m-[-s‑¯
F-¶ t‑]-c‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ b-Y‑m-{‑I- {‑]-t‑I‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. A-b‑n-¯-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-
a‑w J-Z‑o-P‑, l-e‑o-a‑, A-Ò-Z‑v, l‑p- b-X‑n-\‑v i‑n-£-t‑bÂ-¡‑m³ B-b‑n-
s‑s‑k³‑, k‑m-e‑n‑w F-¶‑o t‑]-c‑p-I- i-s‑b A-b‑mÄ \‑nÀ-_-Ô‑n-¨‑p.
f‑p‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. A-¶‑v I‑o-g‑m-f F-¶‑m B-N‑m-c-a-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p h‑m
P‑m-X‑n-I-f‑n s‑]-«-hÀ-¡‑v N-¡‑n‑, s‑]‑m-¯‑n H‑m-Ñ‑m-\‑n-¨‑p ‑"F‑w-{‑_‑m'
a‑m-{‑I‑n‑, N‑m-¯³ t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å t‑]-c‑p- F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p a‑m-d‑n-\‑n-¶‑v i‑n-£
I-t‑f k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ A-\‑p-h‑m-Z-a‑p- k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w X-s‑â
ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-Å‑q. F-¶‑m a-X‑w ]‑p-X‑p-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-t‑¯-b‑p‑w t‑h-j-h‑n-
a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑e B-Z- [‑m-\-§-t‑f-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w k‑m-£‑n-\‑nÀ-
c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ {‑]-h‑m-N-I I‑p-S‑p‑w-_- ¯‑n k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-t‑_‑m-[-t‑¯‑m-s‑S
¯‑n-e‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v {‑]-X‑y‑p-¯-c‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v ]-W‑n-
X-§Ä-¡‑v e-`‑n-¨-X‑v F-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n- ¡-s‑c t‑I‑m-]‑m-I‑p-e-\‑m-¡‑n. I‑p-
e‑m-¡‑n-b B A-S‑n-b‑m-f-·‑mÀ-¡‑p ]‑n-X-\‑m-b I‑r-j‑v-W ]-W‑n-¡À
]‑p-X‑n-b a‑mÀ-K-t‑¯‑m-S‑v A-`‑n-\‑n-t‑h- I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w h-e‑n-¨‑p I‑o-d‑p-I-b‑p‑w
i‑w I‑q-S‑n. C-k‑v-e‑m‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨- X-d-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X-Å‑n-b‑n-«‑v a‑m-d‑nÂ
t‑X‑m-s‑S A-hÀ i-c‑o-c `‑m-K-§Ä I-¯‑n s‑I‑m-ï‑v a‑p-d‑n-t‑hÂ-¸‑n-¡‑p-
a-d-¨‑p h-k‑v-{‑X‑w [-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w C-k‑v- I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. c-à-s‑a‑m-g‑p-I‑p-¶
e‑m-a‑n-s‑â {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-I-a‑m-b B-N‑m- i-c‑o-c-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-b‑n-i H‑m-S‑n-
c-a‑p-d-I-f‑p‑w J‑pÀ-B³ ]‑m-c‑m-b-W- s‑¨-¶-X‑v a-¼‑p-d‑w X-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
h‑p‑w ]-c‑n-i‑o-e‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w X‑p-S-§‑n A-\‑p-N-c-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-h‑n-[-¯‑n-t‑e-
¡‑m-W‑v.
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 54

k‑p-l‑r-¯‑m-b I‑r-j‑v-W ¡‑p-¸‑m-b-¯‑n-e-Ã‑, B-b‑n-i-b‑p-s‑S
]-W‑n-¡-c‑n \‑n-¶‑v C-¯- h-k‑v-{‑X-§-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w
c-s‑a‑m-c‑p \-S-]-S‑n X-§Ä- k‑v-{‑X‑o-b‑p-s‑S a‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p X-{‑¼‑m³
¡‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-Ã. h‑n-e-]-d-ª‑p-s‑h-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v
F-¶‑m \‑n-P-Ø‑n-X‑n a‑m-¸‑n-f-a‑mÀ C‑u k‑w-`-h-s‑¯ h‑n-
A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨ k-¿‑n-Z‑v A-e- e-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v. {‑]-i‑v-\ k‑m-[‑y-X
h‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v X-s‑â `‑m-K‑w \‑y‑m- DÄ-X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p h-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S X-{‑¼‑m³
b‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v ]-W‑n- {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-
¡À s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. C-t‑X‑m-s‑S b‑w t‑X-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w I‑m-h-e‑n-\‑m-b‑n t‑I‑m-
X-§Ä I‑q-S‑p-X [À-a-k- h‑n-e-I-¯‑n-\‑p B-b‑p-[-[‑m-c‑n-I-f‑m-b
¦-S-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n. F-¶‑m \‑m-b-·‑m-s‑c h‑n-\‑y-k‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-
N-¡‑n-s‑b-¶ B-b‑n-i-b‑p-s‑S b‑n (P‑m-X‑n h‑y-h-Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑p‑w t‑I-c-f
I-®‑p-\‑o-c‑p‑w A-`‑n-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-h‑p‑w‑).
I‑m-{‑]‑m-«‑v X-{‑¼‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å
k‑u-l‑r-Z-s‑¯ A-X‑n-P-b‑n- A-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S
¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-¶-h X-s‑¶-b‑m- A-\‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b C‑u \-S-]-S‑n \‑m-S‑m-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I {‑]-N-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. P-·‑n-\‑m-S‑p-h‑m-
g‑n-¯ i-à‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S A-\‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b
]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n A-[‑n-I‑m-c {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-§Ä-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c
Z‑q-c-h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b ^-e-§- k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-a‑m-b A-k‑w-X‑r-]‑v-X‑n
f‑m-W‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. A-¡‑m- ]-SÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v I-{‑]‑m-
e-¯‑v H-c‑p I‑o-g‑v-P‑m-X‑n-s‑b «‑v X-{‑¼‑m-s‑â C‑u s‑N-b‑v-X‑n P-·‑n-
k-hÀ-W³ ]‑o-U‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p- ¯-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b H-c‑p P-\-I‑o-b
¶-X‑n A-k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-X a‑p-t‑¶-ä-¯‑n-\‑p a-X‑n-b‑m-b I‑m-c-W-a‑m-
H-¶‑p‑w-X-s‑¶ D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑w-`-h-¯‑n-e-S-§‑n-b a-X-
¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑v \‑m-«‑p-\-S-¸‑m- I‑o-b a‑m-\-§Ä C‑u a‑p-t‑¶-ä-¯‑n-\‑v
b‑n a‑m-{‑X-t‑a I-W-¡‑m-¡- D‑uÀ-P‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑p (s‑I-F³ ]-W‑n-
s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑q. F-¶‑m ¡À-þ Against Lord and State:
C-h‑n-s‑S X-{‑¼‑m³ s‑s‑I Religion and Peasant Uprisings in
s‑h-¨-X‑v ]-g-b A-S‑n-b‑m- Malabar 1836–1921)
f-¯‑n N-¡‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑aÂ-
t‑N-d‑q-c‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b a‑m-¸‑n-f-a‑mÀ
P·n-þ\mSphmgn¯ iànIfpsS
A\ymbamb A[nImc {]tbmK§ 55 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31
Äs¡Xnsc kmaqlnIamb Akw
Xr]vXn ]SÀ¶ncp¶ A¡me¯v
I{]m«v X{¼msâ sNbvXn P·n
¯¯ns\Xncmb P\Iob apt¶ä
¯n\p aXnbmb ImcWambncp¶p.

{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v s‑s‑k-\‑y-¯‑n-\‑v k-l‑m- B-Ú-b-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v I‑o-g-S-§‑m³
b-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ X-¿‑m-d‑m-I‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶ G-g‑v t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-
P-·‑n c‑m-h‑p-¡ ]-W‑n-¡-c‑p-s‑S h‑o-S‑v I-s‑f-b‑p‑w I-\-¯ G-ä‑p-a‑p-«-e‑n-e‑q-s‑S
h-f-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w c-£‑n-¡‑m³ h-c‑p-¶ {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v s‑s‑k-\‑y‑w h-[‑n-¨‑p.
{‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v ]-«‑m-f-t‑¯-b‑p‑w t‑X-S‑n
I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¸‑m-b‑n. H-t‑Î‑m-_À 24\‑v C‑u b‑p-²-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n I‑p-
I‑m-e-¯‑v I‑y‑m-]‑v-ä³ e‑o-U-s‑â t‑\- X‑n-c-¸‑p-d-¯‑v H-c‑p X-e-¸‑m-h‑p-[‑m-c‑n
X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v s‑s‑k-\‑y‑w {‑]-X‑y-£-s‑¸-«‑v b‑p-²‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w
t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w t‑X-S‑n t‑I‑m-h‑n-e- ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-{‑]-X‑y-£-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w
I-s‑¯-¯‑n. s‑]‑m-S‑p-s‑¶-b‑p-Å a‑m- s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w A-h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-X-
¸‑n-f-a‑m-c‑p-s‑S F-S‑p-¯‑p N‑m-S‑n-b‑p-Å a‑m-b‑n ]-¨ s‑X‑m-¸‑n-b‑p‑w X-e-¸‑m-h‑p-
B-{‑I-a-W-¯‑n h‑n-f-d‑n ]‑q-ï‑v a‑m-b‑n a‑p-J‑w a-d-¨‑p I‑p-X‑n-c-¸‑p-d-¯‑p
]-c‑m-P‑n-X-c‑m-b‑n ]‑n-´‑n-c‑n-t‑ª‑m-t‑S- a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w ]-£-¯‑p t‑NÀ-¶‑v s‑]‑m-
ï‑n h-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v k‑p-i- c‑p-X‑n ]-c‑n-¡‑v ]-ä‑n-b t‑i-j‑w A-{‑]-
à-h‑p‑w \‑q-X-\-h‑p-a‑m-b B-b‑p-[ X‑y-£-\‑m-b A-Ú‑m-X t‑b‑m-²‑m-h‑v
k-¶‑m-l-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v t‑\-ä‑o- a-¼‑p-d‑w k-¿‑n-Z‑v A-e-h‑n X-§-
h‑v a-{‑Z‑m-k‑v A-©‑m‑w s‑d-P‑n-s‑aâ‑n-s‑e f‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w a-c-W-I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b
{‑]-t‑X‑y-I ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\‑w t‑\-S‑n-b 70 s‑h-t‑«-ä a‑p-d‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-e‑n-t‑e-ä
s‑s‑k-\‑n-IÀ \‑m-bÀ X-d-h‑m-S‑v h-f- s‑h-S‑n-b‑p‑w t‑N-c‑qÀ ]-S-b‑n k‑w-`-h‑n-
ª‑p. ¨-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w I-c‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p.

P‑o-h-t‑\‑m-s‑S I-e‑m-]-I‑m-c‑n-I- 1844-Â (1260 a‑p-lÀ-d‑w 7‑) R‑m-
s‑f ]‑n-S‑n-¡-W‑w F-¶ \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i- bÀ c‑m-{‑X‑n 94þ‑m‑w h-b-Ê‑n B
a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m a‑m-¸‑n-f k‑q-c‑y-t‑X-P-Ê‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-ß‑m-h‑v b‑m-
t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-«‑m-f‑w I‑o-g- {‑X-b‑m-b‑n. I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â B IÀ-a-
S-§‑m-\‑m-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑p. F-¶‑m t‑b‑m-K‑n C-¶‑p‑w P-\-l‑r-Z-b-§Ä-¡‑p
k‑m-´‑z-\-t‑a-I‑p-¶‑p.
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 56

kv{Xo]£w

^m¯na kzÂl

kv{Xo¡p th@­Xv
Xpey-Xtbm \oXntbm?

B-K-k‑v-X‑v 26\‑v k‑v-{‑X‑o k-a-X‑z-Z‑n-\-a‑m-b‑n B-N-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v.
X‑p-e‑y-X t‑h-W‑w F-¶‑p a‑p-d-h‑n-f‑n I‑q-«‑p-¶ s‑^-a‑n-\‑n-Ì‑p-IÄ
F-´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v k‑m-[‑m-c-W a-\‑p-j‑y-P-·-¯‑n-\‑p-Å ]-c‑n-K-W-\ t‑]‑m-
e‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡‑m-¯ k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-s‑f I‑m-W‑p-¶‑n-Ã? X‑p-e‑y-X-¡‑v a‑p-¼‑v F-Ã‑m
k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑p‑w AÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v \‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w e-`‑n-
¡‑m-¯ C‑u k-a‑q-l-¯‑n X‑p-e‑y-X-¡‑v t‑h-ï‑n h‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ
F-´À-°-a‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v?

k‑v-{‑X‑o-i‑m-à‑o-I-c-W‑w C-{‑X-b-[‑n-I‑w h-fÀ-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v h‑n-k‑v-
a-b-s‑b t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, D-¯-c-s‑b t‑]‑m-s‑e F-{‑X-t‑b‑m s‑]¬-P-·-§Ä

K‑mÀ-l‑n-I ]‑o-U-\-
§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-S‑n-¨-
aÀ-¯-e‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w
h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-b‑n H‑m-
t‑c‑m ]‑p-e-c‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w
s‑I‑m-g‑n-ª‑p h‑o-g‑p-
¶-X‑v B-i-¦-s‑¸-
S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v.
s‑]¬-P-·-§Ä
]‑m-g‑v-P-·-§-f‑m-b‑n
X‑o-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v
R-§Ä-¡‑p‑w t‑X‑m-
¶‑n-¯‑p-S-§‑m-X‑n-c‑n-
¡‑p-¶-s‑X-§-s‑\?

\‑n-Ê‑m-c I‑m-c-W-
§-f‑m ]‑m-X‑n-h-
g‑n-b‑n P‑o-h-\-ä‑p
]‑n-S-b‑p-¶ s‑]¬-
I‑p-«‑n-IÄ a‑m-[‑y-a-
§Ä-¡‑v [‑m-c‑m-f‑w
t‑I-k‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-
¶‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-h‑m‑w.

57 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

IqSpX h-s‑s‑d-ä‑n-b‑p-Å ]‑p-X‑n-b h-c‑p‑w H-t‑c e‑n‑w-K-a‑m-b‑m ]‑n-s‑¶
s‑I‑m-e-IÄ \-S-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]-g-b-X‑v k-a‑q-l-a‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m‑! A-t‑X k-a-b‑w
k-a‑q-l-h‑p‑w a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑p‑w h‑n-k‑v- k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑v ]-c‑n-K-W-\ t‑h-ï
a‑r-X‑n-b‑n X-Å‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. N‑n-e k‑w-K-X‑n-I-f‑p-ï‑v.
]-t‑£ A-h-f‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-
s‑â \‑o-ä N‑n-c-I‑m-e‑w X‑p-S-c‑p-¶-X‑v B-W‑n-s‑\ t‑]‑m-s‑e `‑q-a‑n-b‑nÂ
B-c‑p‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d k‑z-X-{‑´-\‑m-b‑n P-\‑n-¨‑p h‑o-g‑m-\‑p‑w
t‑I-k‑p-IÄ \-S-¡‑p-¶‑p‑, h-\‑n- {‑]-I‑r-X‑n k‑u-µ-c‑y‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑m-
X‑m I-½‑o-j³‑, a-\‑p-j‑y‑m-h-I‑m-i \‑p‑w A-hÄ-¡-h-I‑m-i‑w t‑h-W‑w‑,
I-½‑o-j³‑, \‑m-S‑m-s‑I t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑v, k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-¯‑n A-hÄ-¡‑v X‑p-
t‑I‑m-S-X‑n... F-¶‑n-«‑p‑w k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑v e‑y-X t‑h-W‑w‑, F-g‑p-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-h-
t‑\-s‑c-b‑p-Å A-X‑n-{‑I-a-§Ä I‑p-d- f‑p-s‑S B-i-b-§-s‑f k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑v
b‑p-¶‑n-Ã. k‑m-£-c t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑â ]-IÀ-¶‑p \Â-I‑m-\‑p‑w A-hÄ-¡-h-
A-h-Ø C-s‑X-¦‑n a-ä‑p k‑w-Ø‑m- I‑m-i‑w t‑h-W‑w‑, X‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-t‑\‑m-«-§-
\-§-f‑n-s‑e h-\‑n-X-I-f‑p-s‑S K-X‑n- f‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X k‑z-Ø-a‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m³
t‑I-S‑v B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-hÄ-¡‑v k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w t‑h-W‑w‑,
]-ä‑m-¯ h‑n-[‑w K‑p-c‑p-X-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n- t‑X‑m-ï-e‑p‑w ]‑n-¨-e‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X b‑m-
¡‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m. k-a‑q-l‑w H-¶‑p P‑m-{‑K-X {‑X s‑N-¿‑m³ k‑v-{‑X‑o-¡‑v X‑p-e‑y-X
I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n F-{‑X-t‑b‑m t‑h-W‑w‑, C-h-b‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ k-a‑q-l‑w
s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n-IÄ-¡‑v P‑o-h-\‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n- k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑v k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w D-d-¸‑m-
X-h‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p I‑n-«‑n-t‑b-s‑\ F-¶‑p ¡‑n-b‑m h-e‑n-b U-¡-t‑d-j-s‑\‑m-
t‑X‑m-¶‑n-t‑¸‑m-I‑p-¶ A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä ¶‑p-a‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-h‑n-s‑S k‑v-{‑X‑o-i‑m-
\‑n-t‑X‑y-\-s‑b-t‑¶‑m-W‑w \-½‑p-s‑S à‑o-I-c-W‑w ]‑p-e-c‑p‑w.
I¬-s‑h-«-¯‑p I‑m-W‑p-¶‑p.
s‑^-a‑n-\‑n-Ì‑p-IÄ k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑v
H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w ]‑p-c‑p-j-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑v _‑m-[‑y-X-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑p ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w
X‑p-e‑y-a‑m-I‑m³ s‑]¬-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n- t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. A-h-s‑f k‑w-c-
\‑v I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]‑n-s‑¶ F-´‑n-\‑m-W‑v £‑n-t‑¡-ï-h-\‑m-W‑v ]‑p-c‑p-j-s‑\-¶‑v
A-¯-c‑w a‑p-{‑Z‑m-h‑m-I‑y-§Ä-¡‑v B-s‑c-¦‑n-e‑p‑w k-Z‑p-t‑±-i‑y-t‑¯‑m-
]‑p-d-I‑n H‑m-S‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑v h‑n-k‑v-a-b‑n- s‑S ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑v N‑m-S‑n-h‑o-W‑v
¡‑m-d‑p-ï‑v. k‑v-{‑X‑o-s‑b-b‑p‑w ]‑p-c‑p-j- B-W-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑v X-e I‑p-\‑n-
s‑\-b‑p‑w t‑hÀ-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v {‑]-I‑r- ¡‑m³ X-§-f‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p-I-
X‑n-b‑m-W‑v. C‑u t‑hÀ-X‑n-c‑n-h‑v k-a‑q-l f-b‑p‑w. F-¶‑m B-W‑n-s‑â k‑w-c-
k‑r-j‑v-S‑n-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n-b‑m-W‑v. F-Ã‑m- £-W-s‑¯ B-W-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â
{‑]-t‑b‑m-K-h-X‑v-I-c-W-a‑m-b-Ã‑, ]‑p-c‑p-
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 58 j-s‑â D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v
a-X-¯‑n-s‑â N‑n-«-h-«-§-f‑n P‑o-
h‑n-¡‑m³ C-j‑v-S-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-hÀ I‑m-
W‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶
]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â‑, `À-¯‑m-h‑n-s‑â‑, B¬-

a-¡-f‑p-s‑S‑, k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-s‑â I-c‑p-
X-e‑p‑w X‑p-W-b‑p‑w i‑z‑m-k‑w-a‑p-«-
e‑m-b-Ã‑, B-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v
R-§Ä-¡-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v.
X‑p-e‑y-X h‑m-Z‑n-¨‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑v
s‑X-c‑p-h‑n-e‑n-d-§‑p-¶-X‑v
B-W-[‑n-I‑m-c-s‑¯ I‑p-
S-s‑ª-d‑n-b-e‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-
¶‑p-¶‑n-Ã. D-Å k‑w-c-

£-W‑w I‑q-S‑n t‑h-s‑ï-¶‑p s‑h-¨‑v kv{Xo¡v t\sc ssI
a-t‑\‑m-`‑m-h‑w a‑m-d‑m-s‑¯‑m-c‑p k-a‑q- Hm§pw ap¼v Hä¡mcyw
l-¯-s‑â a‑p-¶‑n A-c-£‑n-X-b‑m- Btem-Nn-¨m aXn,
b‑p-Å \‑nÂ-¸‑m-W‑v. C{X \nÊmcambhsf
CÃmXm¡phm\pÅ
1400 s‑I‑m-Ã-§Ä-¡‑v a‑p-t‑¶ a‑p- Icp¯v X\n¡v In«nbXv
l-½-Z‑v- \-_‑n(-k‑z‑) k-a-{‑K-a‑m-s‑b‑m- AtX \nÊmcXbpÅ
c‑p k‑v-{‑X‑o i‑m-à‑o-I-c-W‑w \-S-¸‑m- Hcphfn \n¶mWtÃm
¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. s‑]-®‑n-\‑v Pohn-¡m³ F¶v!
X-s¶bpw A-h-I‑m-i‑w \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¨
k-a‑q-l-¯‑n A-hÄ-¡‑v k‑z-¯- c‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]‑p-c‑p-j³-a‑mÀ B
h-I‑m-i‑w h-s‑c t‑\-S‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¯‑p \‑nÀ-t‑Z-i-§Ä a‑m-\‑n-¡‑m³
{‑]-h‑m-N-IÀ(-k‑z‑). a-X-s‑¯ a‑m-\‑n- I-S-s‑¸-«-h-c‑m-W‑v. h‑n-i‑z‑m-
¡‑p-¶‑, X‑n-c‑p-\-_‑n(-k‑z‑) A-\‑p-k- k‑n-\‑n-I-f‑m-b k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-s‑f
k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w
A-X‑m-W‑v {‑]-k-à‑w. a-X-\‑n-
t‑j-[‑n-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v A-h
]‑m-e‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-s‑a-¶‑v H-«‑p‑w
{‑]-X‑o-£‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑p-a‑n-Ã.

s‑]-®‑n-s‑\ a‑m-\‑n-¡‑m³
a‑n-\‑n-a‑w t‑h-ï-X‑v a-\‑p-j‑y-
¸-ä‑m-W‑v. k‑v-{‑X‑o-¡‑v t‑\-s‑c
s‑s‑I H‑m-§‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑v H-ä-
¡‑m-c‑y‑w B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑mÂ
a-X‑n‑, C-{‑X \‑n-Ê‑m-c-a‑m-b-h-
s‑f C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p-Å
I-c‑p-¯‑v X-\‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v
A-t‑X \‑n-Ê‑m-c-X-b‑p-Å
H-c‑p-h-f‑n \‑n-¶‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m
F-¶‑v!

H-c‑p s‑]-®‑n-\‑v h‑n-Z‑y‑m-
`‑y‑m-k‑w \Â-I‑n-b‑m H-c‑p
X-e-a‑p-d-b‑m-W‑v t‑\À-h-g‑n-b‑n-
e‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. H‑m-t‑c‑m I‑p-ª‑n-
s‑â-b‑p‑w B-Z‑y-h‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b‑w
A-h-s‑â h‑o-S‑p‑w B-Z‑y-s‑¯
A-[‑y‑m-]‑n-I D-½-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v.
A-hÄ {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-b‑m-s‑W-
¦‑n k-a‑q-l-¯‑n s‑h-f‑n-
¨‑w ]-c-¯‑m³ a‑m-X‑m-h‑n-\‑v
I-g‑n-b‑p‑w. A-X‑n-\‑m X-s‑¶
s‑]-®‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑m-b A-X‑n-
{‑I-a-§Ä k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â
s‑h-f‑n-¨‑w s‑I-S‑p-¯‑n-¡-f-b‑m-
\‑p-Å D-Z‑y-a‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v.

59 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

Ah-tem-I\w

BinJv Aen ]gapÅqÀ

PohnXw \in-¸n-¡p¶
kab\jvS-§Ä

\nXyhyhlmc§sf kab_ÔnXambn sNbvXpXoÀ¡pI F¶XmWv
kabw em`n¡m\pÅ D]mbw. Hmtcm {]hÀ¯\¯n\pw C{X
kabw F¶v IW¡m¡pIbpw AXn\Iw ]qÀ¯oIcn¡m³
DÕm-ln-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I.

{‑]-k‑n-²-\‑m-b `-c-W‑m-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n A-º‑m- A-`‑y‑m-k-§Ä A-t‑±-
k‑n J-e‑o-^ A-_‑q-P-A‑v-^-d‑p l‑w \-S-¯‑n. 20 ]‑m-{‑X-
a³-k‑q-d‑n-s‑â k-¶‑n-[‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H-c‑mÄ I-S- §Ä X‑m-s‑g h‑o-g‑m-s‑X
¶‑p-h-¶‑p. X-s‑â I-g‑n-h‑p-IÄ {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I h‑m-b‑p-h‑n F-d‑n-ª‑p
F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B-K-X-s‑â D-t‑±-i‑y‑w. c-ï‑v I-f‑n-¨‑p B-Z‑y‑w. A-X‑p
I-ï-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑I‑m-«‑m-c
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 60 h‑m-k‑n-IÄ A-Û‑p-X
k‑v-X-Ð-c‑m-b‑n. c-ï‑m-a-
X‑m-b‑n A-b‑mÄ H-c‑p k‑q-
N‑n \‑n-e-¯‑n-«‑p. t‑i-j‑w
a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p k‑q-N‑n F-S‑p-¯‑v
I‑r-X‑y‑w B-Z‑y-t‑¯-X‑n-
s‑â a‑p-\-b‑n X-s‑¶
F-d‑n-ª‑p s‑I‑m-Å‑n-¨‑p.
A-§-s‑\ \‑q-d‑v k‑q-N‑n-
IÄ. D-S-s‑\ a³-k‑q-d‑n-
s‑â {‑]-J‑y‑m-]-\‑w h-¶‑p:
C-b‑mÄ-¡‑v 1000 Z‑nÀ-l‑w
k-½‑m-\-h‑p‑w 100 N‑m-«-
h‑m-d-S‑n-b‑p‑w \Â-I‑p-I.
A-S‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑m‑w-K-X‑y‑w
k-Z-Ê‑n-\‑p a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-
b‑n-Ã. C-X‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-
ª‑v J-e‑o-^ ]-d-ª‑p:
H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I‑m-e-s‑¯
]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w
]-c‑n-{‑i-a-¯‑n-\‑p‑w t‑i-

j‑w t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯ I-g‑n-h‑n-\‑p-Å k-a-b h‑n-\‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑w H-c‑p a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-
k-½‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v B-b‑n-c‑w Z‑nÀ-l‑w. a‑n-s‑\ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w h-f-
BÀ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p D-]-I‑m-c-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯‑, s‑c {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. \-_‑n(k‑z‑)
{‑]-X‑y‑pÂ-]-¶ k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p: B-b‑p-Ê‑v F-´‑n-\‑p
A-`‑y‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v k-a- h‑n-\‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p‑, [-\‑w F-§-s‑\
b‑w C-b‑mÄ Z‑pÀ-h‑n-\‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑w k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p‑, F-§-s‑\ s‑N-e-h-g‑n-¨‑p‑,
s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w C-X‑v A-d‑n-h‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v F-´‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p
{‑]-ZÀ-i‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S ]-e \-Ã F-¶‑o \‑m-e‑p I‑m-c‑y-§-s‑f k‑w-_-
I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-X‑oÀ-t‑¡-ï Ô‑n-¨‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑m-s‑X A-´‑y-
k-a-b‑w Z‑p-c‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑w s‑N-¿- Z‑n-\-¯‑n H-c‑p A-S‑n-a-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w
s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑m-W‑v N‑m-«-h‑mÀ C-c‑p-I‑m-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v \‑o-§‑p-I-
{‑]-l-c‑w. b‑n-Ã (X‑pÀ-a‑p-Z‑n‑).

hÀ-¯-a‑m-\-I‑m-e-s‑¯ k-¼-¶- IÀ-a-§-f‑m-W‑v k-a-b-s‑¯
a‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w `‑m-h‑n-s‑b a‑n-I-¨-X‑m- \-Ã-X‑p‑w N‑o-¯-b‑p-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.
¡‑m-\‑p-Å B-k‑q-{‑X-W-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v k-a-b-s‑¯ \-·-b‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨-
P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-Z‑m-\‑w. hÀ h‑n-P-b‑n-¡‑p‑w‑, X‑n-·-b‑n-e‑m-s‑W-

samss_ I¿nseSp¡pt¼mÄ ¦‑n ]-c‑m-P-b-s‑¸-S‑p‑w. Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w
Xs¶ AXv Xncn¨psh¡p¶ ka s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-X‑oÀ-t‑¡-ï I‑m-c‑y-§Ä
bw a\-Ên Ipdn¡pIbpw B k-a-b-_-Ô‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-
kab¯v Xs¶ amänsh¡pIbpw c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑n-b \-·-IÄ-¡‑v
sN¿p¶ ioew hfÀ¯n t\m¡q. A-h-k-c‑w I-s‑ï-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-
a¡fnepw hnZymÀ°nIfnepsaÃmw ¿‑p-¶‑n-S-¯‑m-W‑v h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑p-s‑S
CXv ^e-{]-Z-am-Wv. h‑n-P-b‑w. d-k‑qÂ(k‑z‑) A-c‑p-f‑n:
"P-\-§Ä A-{‑i-²-a‑m-b‑n s‑N-e-h-
g‑n-¡‑p-¶ c-ï‑p k‑w-K-X‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v
B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-h‑p‑w H-g‑n-h‑p k-a-b-h‑p‑w'.

61 2021 BKkvXv 16þ31

I‑p-«‑n-IÄ a‑p-X h‑r-²À h-s‑c a-d-h‑n CâÀ-s‑\-ä‑v Z‑p-c‑p-]-
F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w CâÀ-s‑\-ä‑v k‑w-h‑n- t‑b‑m-K‑w I‑p-«‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ
[‑m-\-h‑p‑w s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_Â-t‑^‑m-W‑p- hÀ-[‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑m-W‑v d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑v.
I-f‑p‑w k‑p-e-`-a‑m-b C‑u I‑m-e-¯‑v I‑p-«‑n-IÄ N‑q-j-W-¯‑n-s‑â
k-a-b h‑n-\‑n-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v C-c-I-f‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w hÀ-[‑n-¨‑n-
A-d‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. c-£‑n-X‑m-¡Ä I‑r-
\‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡-e‑p‑w c-£‑n-X‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S X‑y-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w
_‑m-[‑y-X-b‑m-W‑v. \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I
a‑m-{‑X-t‑a ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-a‑p-Å‑q.
s‑K-b‑n-a‑p-I-f‑p‑w h‑o-U‑n-t‑b‑m-I-
f‑p‑w I-ï‑v k-a-b‑w I-f-b‑p-¶ {‑]-h‑m-N-I ]‑p-{‑X‑n ^‑m-¯‑n-
A-e-£‑y-a‑m-b BÄ-¡‑q-«‑w C-¶‑v a(d‑) ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p: H-c‑n-¡Â
c‑q-]-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. t‑e‑m-I‑v-U‑u- A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â Z‑q-XÀ
W‑n s‑h-d‑p-s‑X-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b-t‑à F-s‑¶ X-«‑n-h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v C-{‑]-I‑m-
F-¶‑m-W‑v \‑y‑m-b‑w. h‑o-S‑v h‑r-¯‑n- c‑w ]-d-ª‑p: a-I-t‑f F-g‑p-
b‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w A-e-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w t‑¶Â-¡‑p-I. A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-
I-S-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v k‑m-[-\‑w h‑m-§‑m³ s‑â A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑w F-s‑´-¶‑v
t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w h‑o-«‑n-s‑e t‑I‑m-g‑n- I‑m-W‑p-I. A-{‑i-² I‑m-W‑n-
b‑p‑w B-S‑p‑w ]‑q-¨-b‑p‑w I-f‑n-¡‑p- ¡-c‑p-X‑v. D-j-Ê‑v s‑X‑m-«‑v D-Z-
¶-X‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w h‑o-U‑n-t‑b‑m B-¡‑n b‑w h-s‑c-b‑m-W‑v A-Ã‑m-l‑p
b‑q-S‑y‑q-_‑v N‑m-\-e‑n A-]‑v-t‑e‑m-U‑v P‑o-h‑n-X‑m-\‑p-{‑K-l-§Ä s‑N‑m-
s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑p-t‑S-X‑v c‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v (s‑s‑_-l-J‑n‑).
B-k‑z-Z‑n-¨‑p I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v
{‑]-[‑m-\ t‑\-c‑w-t‑]‑m-¡‑v. F-¶‑m t‑\-c‑m‑w-h-®‑w B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-
s‑K-b‑n-a‑p-IÄ G-s‑d a‑m-c-I-a‑m-W‑v. ¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n H-g‑n-h‑p-
A-X‑n-\‑p t‑h-ï‑n N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ k-a-b‑w F-s‑¶‑m-¶‑v C-s‑Ã-
\-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n I-f-b‑p-¶-X‑v ¶‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑m-I‑p‑w. H-¶‑v
k-a-b‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-h‑n-Ã‑, ]-W-h‑p‑w I-g‑n-ª‑m a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v F-¶
P‑o-h‑n-X‑w X-s‑¶-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. c‑o-X‑n-b‑n X‑n-c-¡‑p-Å-X‑m-t‑h-
H‑m¬-s‑s‑e³ ¢‑m-k‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S ï-X‑m-W‑v h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑p-s‑S
P‑o-h‑n-X-c‑o-X‑n. a-l-¯‑p-¡-
2021 BKkvXv 16þ31 62 f‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X a‑m-X‑r-I-IÄ
A-¯-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v.
A-h-c‑p-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v
{‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-\‑w \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑m-
W‑v. Z‑n-h-k-s‑¯ F-§-s‑\
{‑I-a‑o-I-c‑n-¡-W‑w F-¶-X‑n-
s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v C-a‑m‑w C-_‑v-

k-a-b-{‑I-a‑o-I-c-W‑w

X‑n-c-¡‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ
P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m³ X-s‑¶ a-d-¶-h-c‑m-W‑v
]-e-c‑p‑w. b-Y‑mÀ-°-¯‑n k-a-b-¡‑p-d-h‑v
F-s‑¶‑m-¶‑p-t‑ï‑m. C-Ã-X-s‑¶. Z-c‑n-{‑Z-\‑p‑w
k-¼-¶-\‑p‑w ]‑m-a-c-\‑p‑w ]-Þ‑n-X-\‑p‑w
C-´‑y-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-¡‑m-c-\‑p-s‑a-
Ã‑m‑w 24 a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. N‑n-e-c-X‑v
A-[‑z‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v a‑n-I-¨-X‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. a‑q-e‑y-h-¯‑m-b‑n h‑n-\‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑n-
¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-S-¯‑m-W‑v N‑n-e-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w ]-c‑m-P-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v.
s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_Â I-¿‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ X-s‑¶ A-X‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-
¡‑p-¶ k-a-b‑w a-\-Ê‑n I‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w B k-a-b-¯‑v X-s‑¶
a‑m-ä‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ i‑o-e‑w h-fÀ-¯‑n t‑\‑m-¡‑q. a-¡-f‑n-e‑p‑w
h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w C-X‑v ^-e-{‑]-Z-a‑m-W‑v.
\‑n-X‑y-h‑y-h-l‑m-c-§-s‑f k-a-b-_-Ô‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-X‑oÀ-¡‑p-I
F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-a-b‑w e‑m-`‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p D-]‑m-b‑w. H‑m-t‑c‑m
{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w C-{‑X k-a-b‑w F-¶‑v I-W-¡‑m-¡‑p-I. {‑]-hÀ-
¯-\-¯‑n-s‑â I‑z‑m-f‑n-ä‑n A-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w k-a-b‑w \‑nÀ-W-b‑n-
¡‑p-¶-X‑v. F-{‑X k-a-b‑w A-§‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ‑, I-h-e-I-f‑nÂ‑, k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-
¡Ä-s‑¡‑m-¸‑w‑, ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ‑, ¢‑m-k‑n-\‑m-b‑n s‑N-e-h‑n-«‑p F-¶-X‑n-s‑\
I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \‑n-c‑o-£-W‑w \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w h-c‑p‑w-Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑n I‑q-S‑p-XÂ
s‑a-¨-s‑¸-«-X‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿-W‑w. B-k‑q-{‑X-W-a‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a a‑q-e‑w
h‑o-«‑p-t‑P‑m-e‑n-IÄ k-a-b-¯‑n-\‑v X‑oÀ-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯ F-{‑X-s‑b-{‑X I‑p-
S‑p‑w-_‑n-\‑n-I-f‑p-ï‑v! h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \-·-b‑n A-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-
X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w. k-a-b‑w \-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p-s‑ï-¶‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-
b‑m-¯ h‑n-[-‑w P‑o-h‑n-X‑w X‑oÀ-¡‑p-¶-hÀ F-{‑X l-X-`‑m-K‑yÀ.

\‑p k‑p-¶‑n‑, C-a‑m‑w \-k‑m-C‑u‑, ·‑mÀ ]-d-ª‑p: C-_‑n-e‑o-k‑n-s‑â
C-a‑m‑w k‑p-b‑q-X‑z‑n(d‑)h‑n-s‑\ t‑]‑m- s‑s‑k-\‑y-§-f‑n G-ä-h‑p‑w i-à³
e‑p-Å-hÀ {‑K-Ù-§Ä X-s‑¶ "k‑u-^'b‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶ s‑N-¿‑m-
c-N‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. A-X‑n-\‑m H‑m-t‑c‑m s‑a-¶ h‑n-N‑m-c‑w C-«‑p-X-¶‑v \-·-s‑b
s‑k-¡â‑p‑w h‑n-e-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. X-IÀ-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-`‑m-K-a‑m-W‑v C-X‑v.
X‑oÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑p‑w A-´‑y-Z‑n-\-¯‑nÂ
A-X‑n-s‑\ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w \‑m-s‑f s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑v C-¶‑v
s‑N-¿‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑n-Ã. s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑n-S-¯‑m-W‑v h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑p-
s‑S a‑n-S‑p-¡‑v. C-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶
]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑N-¿‑m‑w F-¶ I‑m-c‑y-§Ä \‑o-«‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
a-t‑\‑m-`‑m-h-t‑¯‑m-s‑S \‑o-«‑n-s‑h- A-e-k-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S e-£-W-a‑m-W‑v.
¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-e-k-X-b‑p-s‑S e-£- \‑n-k‑v-I‑m-c‑w {‑]-Y-a k-a-b-¯‑v
W-a‑m-W‑v. C-§-s‑\ a‑m-ä‑n-s‑h-¡‑p- X-s‑¶ \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶-X‑n-s‑â
¶-X‑m-W‑v k-a-b-\-ã-¯‑n-s‑â b‑p-à‑n C-X‑m-W‑v. C-k‑v-e‑m‑w A-{‑X-
{‑]-[‑m-\ h‑n-ó. A-e‑n(d‑) ]-d-b‑p- t‑a k-a-b-¯‑n-\‑v {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w
¶‑p: ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑N-¿‑m-s‑a-¶ N‑n-´ IÂ-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.
B-J‑n-d-s‑¯ a-d-¸‑n-¡‑p‑w. a-l‑m-
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