pravasi vayana _ june 2021

X-k‑v-_‑o-l‑v s‑N‑m-Ã‑n s‑I‑m-ï‑n- k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-t‑±-i‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ
c‑p-¶‑p. A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ J-_À i-c‑o-^‑v
\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ `‑m-K-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p‑w
]-Z‑mÀ-Y t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-t‑e- a-s‑®-S‑p-¡‑m³ IÂ-]‑n-¡‑p-I-
¡‑p-Å {‑]-I-S-\‑w b‑p‑w B a-®‑v A³-l‑m-d‑pÂ
P-¶-b‑n I‑q-«‑n-¡-eÀ-¯‑n
B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n-«‑v A-¶‑q-d‑p a‑p- A-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-I‑m-i-`‑q-a‑n-I-
l-½-Z‑n(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S-  {‑]-`-b‑nÂ- f‑n h-e-b‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w
\‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑h-Å-h‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. -A-X‑n-\‑m a-e-
AÀ-i‑v, J-e‑w‑, d‑q-l‑v, a-e-¡‑v, ¡‑p-IÄ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k‑z‑)

P‑n-¶‑v, B-Z‑w \-_‑n(A‑)‑, s‑b-b‑p‑w A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ t‑{‑i-
B-I‑m-i‑w‑, `‑q-a‑n‑, k‑zÀ-K‑w j‑vT-X-b‑p‑w k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v
F-¶‑n-h-b‑p‑w k-I-e N‑m-c‑m-N‑m- B-Z‑w \-_‑n(A‑)s‑b A-d‑n-
c-§-f‑p‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑p. C-X‑m-W‑v b‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-t‑¼ {‑K-l‑n-¨‑n-
A-¶‑q-d‑p a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-b‑p-s‑S c‑p-¶‑p." -B-Z‑w \-_‑n(A‑)s‑b
{‑]-I-S-\-¯‑n-s‑â X‑p-S-¡‑w. k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑m-s‑\-S‑p-¯ a-®‑n-
t‑e-¡‑v I‑q-«‑m³ a-Z‑o-\-b‑n-s‑e
-C-a‑m‑w X-J‑v-b‑p-±‑o³ a-J‑m-c‑n- J-_À i-c‑o-^‑v \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶
k‑n C-a‑v-X‑m-DÂ A-k‑v-a‑m-CÂ `‑m-K-¯‑p-\‑n-¶‑p‑w a-s‑®-S‑p-¯-
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑n-§-s‑\: "{‑k-ã‑m- X‑n-s‑\ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-W‑v C‑u ]-c‑m-
h‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- \-_‑n(k‑z‑)s‑b
/ Pq¬ / 2021 101

aÀ-i‑w. C-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-Z‑mÀ- C-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑n
° t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â X‑p-S-¡‑w. I‑m-W‑m‑w.
A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-X-s‑¶ B-Z‑w
\-_‑n(A‑)b‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-  -A-Ò-Z‑v s‑s‑k-\‑o Z-l‑v-
e‑p‑w ]-Z‑mÀ-° t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â- e‑m³ k‑o-d-¯‑p-¶-_‑n F-¶
b‑p‑w-  X‑p-S-¡-¡‑m-c³ a‑p-l- h‑n-{‑i‑p-X {‑K-Ù-¯‑n t‑c-
½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k‑z‑)b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v C-§-s‑\:
h‑y-à‑w. \_n-bp-sS ]-c-¼-c- B-Z‑w \-_‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-´‑m-\
bn-ep-Å a‑p-g‑p-h³ {‑]-h‑m-N-I- ]-c-¼-c-b‑n h-k‑n-¿-¯‑v
·‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑\-ä‑n-¯-S-¯‑n \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b B-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
X‑n-c‑p-{‑]-` {‑]-I-S-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ¶‑p {‑]-h‑m-N-I-\‑m-b i‑o-k‑v.
"C‑u {‑]-I‑m-i-s‑¯ ]-c‑n-i‑p-²
B-Z‑w \-_‑n(A‑)b‑p-s‑S a‑p- k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑n-e-Ã‑m-s‑X k-¶‑n-
X‑p-I‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k‑z‑) t‑h-i‑n-¸‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v' F-¶‑v
b‑p-s‑S \‑q-d‑v D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-Z‑w(A‑) i‑o-k‑v- \-_‑n(A‑)
]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-X‑v l-Æ-_‑o-h‑n(d‑) t‑b‑m-S‑v-  h-k‑z‑n-¿-X‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-
b‑n-e‑q-s‑S i‑o-k‑v \-_‑n(A‑) c‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X h-k‑z‑n-¿-
b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w t‑i-j‑w a-ä‑p ¯‑v X-e-a‑p-d-I-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w
{‑]-h‑m-N-I-·‑m-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w s‑s‑I- X-e-a‑p-d-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä‑w
a‑m-ä‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«‑p. C-_‑v-d‑m- s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
l‑o‑w \-_‑n(A‑)b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w A-§-s‑\ {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X \‑q-d‑v
X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v C-k‑v-a‑m-b‑nÂ(A‑) a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- \-_‑n(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S
a‑p-t‑J-\ t‑{‑i-j‑vT-c‑m-b ]‑n-X‑m- D-¸‑m-¸-b‑m-b A-Ð‑p a‑p-¯-
¡-·‑m-c‑n-e‑q-s‑S B-  \‑q-d‑v s‑s‑I- e‑n-_‑n F-¯‑n-t‑¨-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w
a‑m-ä‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«‑v A-Ð‑p ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â
a‑p-¯-e‑n-_‑n \‑n-¶‑v ]‑p-{‑X- a-I-\‑m-b A-Ð‑p-Ã-b‑n-e‑p‑w t‑i-
\‑m-b A-Ð‑p-Ã-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w j‑w \-_‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑m-X‑m-h‑m-b
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v a‑p-l- B-a‑n-\(d‑)b‑n-e‑p‑w F-¯‑n.
½-Z‑v- \-_‑n(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S a‑m-X‑m- C‑u ]-c‑n-i‑p-² ]-c-¼-c-s‑b
h‑m-b B-a‑n-\ _‑o-h‑n(d‑)b‑p-s‑S h-g‑n-h‑n-« _-Ô-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v
D-Z-c-¯‑n-e‑p‑w B \‑q-d‑v {‑]-t‑h- {‑k-j‑v-S‑m-h‑v h‑n-i‑p-²-a‑m-¡‑n".
i‑n-¨‑p. B-a‑n-\‑m-_‑o-h‑n(d‑)
b‑n-e‑q-s‑S C‑u `‑q-a‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v B-Z‑w \-_‑n(A‑) k‑zÀ-
A-h‑n-S-¶‑v D-Z-b‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p- K-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ
ï‑m-b‑n. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w s‑X-f‑n-b‑n- A-§‑v F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p
¡‑p-¶ \‑n-c-h-[‑n l-Z‑o-k‑p-IÄ F-¶‑v C-_‑v-\‑p A-º‑m-k‑v(d‑)
d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑v s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. \-_‑n(k‑z‑)t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-
H-c‑n-¡Â- a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k‑z‑) ¨-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-
b‑p-s‑S A-\‑p-h‑m-Z‑w h‑m-§‑n ï‑v A-h‑n-S‑p-¶‑v C-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w
A-º‑m-k‑v(d‑) A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ a-d‑p-]-S‑n \Â-I‑n: "A-t‑¸‑mÄ
a-Z‑v-l‑v B-e-]‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ {‑]-k‑n- R‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-
²-a‑m-b B h-c‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w X‑p-I‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â
]‑n-X‑m-h‑v \‑q-l‑v \-_‑n(A‑)
102 / Pq¬ / 2021

AÃmlp BZyambn krãn¨Xv Jew BWv, shÅs¯ krãn¡p¶Xn
asäm¶ns\bpw Ah³ ]S¨n«nÃ" Fs¶Ãmw h¶Xv Bt]£nIamWv.
Zv(kz) F¶ \qdmWv BZyw krãn¨Xv F¶Xn\v CsXm¶pw FXncÃ.

b‑p-s‑S a‑p-X‑p-I‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶- X‑n-c‑p-¸‑n-d-h‑n-b‑nÂ
t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-«‑v I-¸- {‑]-I-S-a‑m-b {‑]-I‑m-i‑w
e‑n b‑m-{‑X s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«‑p.
F-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v C-_‑v-d‑m-l‑o‑w a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- \-_‑n(k‑z‑)s‑b
\-_‑n(A‑)b‑p-s‑S a‑p-X‑p-I‑n-e‑m- KÀ-`‑w N‑p-a-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑p-
b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ A-á‑n- X-s‑¶ B-a‑n-\‑m _‑o-h‑n(d‑)¡‑v
b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑p. F-s‑â ]-e k‑z-]‑v-\ ZÀ-i-\-§-f‑p‑w- 
a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡Ä X‑o-s‑c h-g‑n- D-ï‑m-b‑n. B I‑q-«-¯‑nÂ
h‑n-«-  _-Ô-¯‑n GÀ-s‑¸-«‑n- {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-W‑v k‑z-]‑v-\-¯‑nÂ
«‑n-Ã. -I‑p-e‑o-\-X-b‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑y-£-a‑m-b {‑]-I‑m-i‑w.
a‑p-X‑p-I‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w h‑n-i‑p-²- ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I‑p-«‑n P-\‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-
I-f‑p-s‑S KÀ-`-]‑m-{‑X-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v g‑p‑w A-¯-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å {‑]-I‑m-
{‑k-ã‑m-h‑v F-s‑¶ \‑o-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m- i‑w A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
ï‑n-c‑p-¶‑p." a‑p-l-½-Z‑v(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S P-\-\-k-
a-b-s‑¯ {‑]-I‑m-i-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-
¨‑v A-º‑m-k‑v(d‑)-h‑n-\‑v-  h‑y-à-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 103

a‑m-b A-d‑n-h‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-I‑m-i‑w
A-t‑±-l-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-
«‑v: a‑p-l-½-Z‑v(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S a‑m- ]-c-¯‑n-b ]‑q-t‑a-\‑n
X‑m-h‑v B-a‑n-\(d‑) ]-d-ª‑p:
‑'F-s‑â a-I³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v `‑q-P‑m- a‑p-l-½-Z‑v(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S C-l-
X-\‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p {‑]-I‑m-i‑w t‑e‑m-I-h‑m-k-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-h‑n-
]‑p-d-s‑¸-«‑p. A-X‑p-I‑m-c-W‑w S-s‑¯- -A-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-X‑z‑w
D-Z-b‑m-k‑v-X-a-b Z‑n-¡‑p-I-f‑n s‑h-f‑n-h‑m-¡‑p-¶ X-c-¯‑nÂ
{‑]-I‑m-i‑w ]-c-¶‑p.‑' a‑p-l-½- {‑]-h‑m-N-I i-c‑o-c-¯‑nÂ-\‑n-
Z‑v k‑z‑m-e‑n-l‑v i‑m-a‑n k‑p-_‑p- ¶‑p‑w {‑]-I‑m-i‑w ]-c-¶‑n-c‑p-
e‑p l‑p-Z‑m hÀ-d-i‑m-Z‑n-e‑p‑w ¶‑p. C-X‑v ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶
C-a‑m‑w k‑p-b‑q-Y‑z‑n(d‑) AÂ-J- \‑n-c-h-[‑n l-Z‑o-k‑p-I-f‑p-s‑ï-
k‑m-C-k‑p I‑p-_‑v-d-b‑n-e‑p‑w ¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑s‑ZÀ-L‑y-a‑m-I‑p-s‑a-
C-X‑v- -D-²-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. ¶‑v- -`-b-¶‑v A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w
C-h‑n-s‑S ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
C-a‑m‑w A-_‑q-i‑m-a ]-d-b‑p- A-X‑n {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b-X‑m-
¶-X‑m-b‑n C-a‑m‑w a‑p-l-½-Z‑v W‑v, H-c‑p c‑m-{‑X‑n h‑n-f-¡-W-
k‑z‑m-e‑n-l‑v i‑m-a‑n D-²-c‑n-¨‑p: ª-t‑¸‑mÄ X‑n-c‑p-t‑a-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S
a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k‑z‑) {‑]-k-h‑n- a‑p-J-¯‑v \‑n-¶‑v ]‑p-d-s‑¸-«
¡-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ {‑]-X‑y-£-a‑m-b {‑]-I‑m-i‑w a‑q-e‑w h‑o-S-I‑w
{‑]-I‑m-i-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v J‑p- {‑]-I‑m-i-]‑q-c‑n-X-a‑m-b-X‑p‑w
s‑s‑d-i‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n {‑]-k‑n- h‑o-W‑p-t‑]‑m-b k‑q-N‑n B
²-a‑m-W‑v. A-hÀ-¡‑n-S-b‑n s‑h-f‑n-¨-¯‑n {‑]‑n-b-]-X‑v-\‑n
A-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v [‑m-c‑m-f‑w B-C-i _‑o-h‑n(d‑) I-s‑ï-
NÀ-¨-IÄ \-S-¶‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. ¯‑n-b-X‑p‑w. {‑]-t‑i‑m-`‑n-X-a‑m-b
X‑n-c‑p-\-_‑n(k‑z‑)b‑p-s‑S a‑p-J-
¯‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑n P‑m-_‑nÀ(d‑)
A-§-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-J‑w ]-X‑n-
\‑m-e‑m‑w c‑m-h‑n-s‑e N-{‑µ-t‑\-
¡‑mÄ t‑i‑m-`-b‑p-Å-X‑m-s‑W-
¶‑v ]-d-ª-X‑p‑w {‑i-t‑²-b‑w.

F-¦‑n-e‑p‑w `‑q-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v
a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k‑z‑)b‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w A-\‑p-`-
h‑n-¨ {‑]-I‑m-i‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w
A-h‑n-S‑p-s‑¯ b-Y‑mÀ-°
A-¶‑q-d‑p a‑p-l-½-Z‑n(k‑z‑)
b‑p-s‑S-  {‑]-I‑m-i-¯‑n-s‑â N‑m-
c-¯‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w F-¯‑n-s‑Ã-¶-
X‑m-W‑v b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y‑w.

104 / Pq¬ / 2021

ho«Iw

X¨p- N‑n-e k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n-a‑m-
S¡mw c-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v.
\ap¡o F-¶‑p‑w ]-c‑m-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S
]cm-Xn- `‑m-Þ-s‑¡-«‑p-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n
s¸«n \-S-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X
A-hÀ-¡‑v P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m³
Fkv-Fkv _pJmcn Iqcn-bmSv ]-ä‑n-Ã. A-h-c‑p-s‑S l‑r-
Z-b-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p t‑I‑m-
W‑n ]-c‑m-X‑n-¡‑p-«-b‑m-W‑v.
A-X‑v H-g‑n-ª -t‑\-c-a‑n-Ã.
H-s‑¶‑m-g‑n-ª‑m a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v
A-h‑n-s‑S X‑n-c‑p-I‑n-¡-b-ä‑p‑w.
F-´‑n-\‑m-W‑n-{‑X-b-[‑n-I‑w
]-c‑m-X‑n-IÄ t‑i-J-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-
¡‑p-¶-s‑X-t‑¶‑m. c‑m-¡-Y-
b‑m-b‑n X-s‑â -`À-¯‑m-h‑n-\‑v
a‑p-¼‑n I‑p-S-ª‑n-S‑m‑w.
X-e-b-W a-{‑´‑w F-¶‑v
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v s‑h-d‑p-s‑X-
b‑m-W‑v. ]-c‑m-X‑n-s‑¸-«‑n
X‑p-d-¡‑m³ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 105

Zm¼XyPohnX¯nse Hä-aqen hn«p-ho-gvN-bm-Wv.
Ipdªv sImSp-¡m³ Fs¶ In«nà F¶ hmin-
amäntb ]äq. HcmÄ Kuc-h-¯n-se-¦n atä-
bmÄ kam-[m-\n-bm-I-Ww. F¦nte im´-ambn
Pohn-X-¸pg Hgp-Iq.

k-a-b-{‑I-a-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-g‑n-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¦‑n A-b‑mÄ-
`À-¯‑m-h‑n-s‑\ a‑p-¶‑n I‑n- ¡‑v \‑n-¶‑n s‑h-d‑p-¸‑p-ï‑m-
«‑n-b‑m a-X‑n. a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w I‑m³ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑v
A-b‑mÄ I‑q-S-W-b‑p-¶-X‑v C‑u k‑m-c‑w.
s‑]-«‑n h-l‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å a‑p³-I-
c‑p-X-t‑e‑m-s‑S-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. I‑m-c‑y-t‑_‑m-[-a‑p-s‑Å‑m-c‑p
`À-¯‑m-h‑v X-s‑â {‑]‑m-W-t‑{‑]-
A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v k‑w-`-h‑n- b-k‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v {‑]-Y-a-c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ
¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m‑, A-¶-s‑¯ Z‑n- ]-d-ª-X‑n-§-s‑\: \‑o \‑n-s‑â
h-k‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ ¾‑m-\-a‑m-I‑p- X‑mÂ-]-c‑y‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w a‑m-\‑n-¨‑v
¶‑p. B c‑m-{‑X‑n-¡‑v ]‑n-s‑¶ ]-c‑m-X‑n-IÄ hÀ-²‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³
H-c‑p X‑n-f-¡-h‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-Ã. X‑p-\‑n-b-c‑p-X‑v. I‑m-c-W‑w A-X‑v
N‑n-e-t‑¸‑m-s‑g‑m-s‑¡ h‑o-S‑v I-e- a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ \‑o-c-k-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p‑w.
l-]‑q-c‑n-X-a‑m-s‑b-¶‑p‑w h-c‑p‑w. JÂ-_‑v s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v a-d‑n-b‑p-¶
B-k‑z‑m-Z‑y-I-c-a‑m-b s‑s‑e‑w-K‑n- H-¶‑m-W‑v. k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w s‑h-
I-t‑h-g‑v-N-s‑b t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C-X‑v d‑p-¸‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n a-\-Ê‑n H-¶‑n-
I‑m-X-e‑m-b‑n _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. H-ä- ¡‑n-Ã. s‑h-d‑p-¸‑v I-S-¶‑p-h-
h‑m-¡‑n ]-d-ª‑m C-s‑X‑m- ¶‑m k‑v-t‑\-l‑w JÂ-_‑nÂ
c‑p s‑h-d‑p-¸‑n-¡-e‑m-W‑v. C-¯-c‑w \‑n-¶‑v ]-S‑n-b‑n-d-§‑p-‑w‑' (C-l‑v-b
s‑h-d‑p-¸‑n-¡-e‑p-IÄ [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑p- 2/59‑).
ï‑v. A-h-s‑b-¸-ä‑n F-¶‑m-t‑W‑m
k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n-a‑mÀ t‑_‑m-[-h-X‑n- `À-¯‑m-h‑v KÄ-^‑n-t‑e‑m
I-f‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v, A-t‑¶ Z‑m-¼-X‑y- a-t‑ä‑m B-s‑W-¦‑n t‑^‑m-
P‑o-h‑n-X‑w B-k‑z‑m-Z‑y-]‑qÀ-W-a‑m- W‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑m-X‑n-
I‑q. IÄ ]-d-b‑p-¶ N‑n-e-c‑p-ï‑v.
a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ C-s‑X-§-s‑\
"s‑]‑m-¶‑p-t‑a‑m-t‑f‑, \‑n-¶‑n _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶ b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p
\‑n-¶‑v \-Ã-X-Ã‑m-¯-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w h‑n-N‑m-c-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑m-W‑o
A-b‑mÄ t‑IÄ-¡‑m-\‑n-S-h-c- X-c‑p-W‑n-IÄ C-§-s‑\ s‑]-c‑p-
c‑p-X‑v' (-C-l‑v-b 2/58‑). s‑h- a‑m-d‑p-¶-X‑v. H-«‑p‑w k-l‑n-¡‑m³
d‑p-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-[-¯‑n-e‑p-Å H-c‑p-¡-a-Ã‑m-¯ A-£-a-c‑m-
]-c‑m-X‑n-s‑¡-«‑p-I-f‑m-W‑v \‑o W‑n-hÀ. A-£-a B-]-¯‑m-

106 / Pq¬ / 2021

s‑W-¶‑p‑w s‑]-®‑n-s‑\ \-c-I- k-a-b‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n I‑m-c‑y-§Ä
¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v b‑p-à‑n-
I‑m-c‑y-a‑n-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w \-_‑n(- k-l-a‑m-W‑v. G-X‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w
k‑z‑) ]-d-ª-X‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m‑w. ]-c‑m-X‑n-s‑¸-«‑n C-¶‑p X-s‑¶
X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-t‑h‑m-s‑S k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p- X-¨‑p-S-¨‑p I-f-b‑p-I.
¶-{‑X k-l‑n-¨‑p‑w £-a‑n-¨‑p‑w
\‑o-§‑n-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n \-a‑p-¡‑v `À-¯‑m-h‑n-\‑v X-t‑¶‑m-S‑p-Å
\-j‑v-S-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑v k‑z-P‑o-h‑n- k‑v-t‑\-l‑w a-c‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w a-c‑n-
X‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-I‑p‑w. ¡‑m-¯-X‑m-I-W-s‑a-¶‑v B-{‑K-
l‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w
]-c‑m-X‑n-IÄ k‑z-b‑w ]-c‑n-l- D-¯-a-b‑m-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑n-\‑n.
c‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-h-X‑p‑w b-X‑v-\‑n- A-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d k‑v-t‑\-l-Z‑m-l‑n-
¡‑p-I. F-¶‑n-«‑v B k-t‑´‑m- I-f‑m-W‑v \-Ã k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ.
j‑w ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨‑v C-W-b‑p-s‑S F-¶‑m k‑v-t‑\-l‑w k‑p-Ø‑n-
k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w h‑m-Õ-e‑y-h‑p‑w c-a‑m-I‑m³ F-s‑´-Ã‑m‑w s‑N-¿-
\‑p-I-c‑m³ t‑\‑m-¡‑p-I. ]-c‑m- W-s‑a-¶‑v ]-e k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑p‑w
X‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v t‑X‑m- A-d‑n-b‑n-Ã. ^-e-t‑a‑m‑, A-hÀ
¶‑m-¯ h‑n-[-¯‑n \-à F-s‑´-Ã‑m-t‑a‑m s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p.
]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w h‑n-]-c‑o-X ^-e-
]cm-Xn-IÄ kzbw §Ä D-f-h‑m-I‑p-¶‑p.
]cn-l-cn-¡m³
Ign-hXpw A-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑S h‑n-h‑m-l‑n-
bXv\n-¡p-I. X-b‑m-b H-c‑p s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n
F¶n«v B
kt´mjw ]¦p-sh¨v / Pq¬ / 2021 107
CW-bpsS
kvt\lhpw
hmÕeyhpw
\pI-cp-I.
]cmXns¸Sp
IbmsW¶v
tXm¶m¯ hn[-
¯n \à kabw
t\m¡n Imcy-§Ä
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv
bpàn-k-l-amWv.

`À-X‑r-{‑]-W-b‑w ]‑qÀ-W-a‑m- X‑m³ h‑n-e-¡‑n-b-X‑v F-´‑n-
b‑n I-h-c‑m³ I-ï a‑mÀ-K‑w \-hÄ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-s‑h-¶‑m-b‑n
s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_-e‑n h‑m-S‑v-k‑m-¸‑v A-b‑mÄ‑! ]‑n-s‑¶ k‑w-i-b-a‑m-
C³-Ì‑mÄ s‑N-¿‑p-I F-¶-X‑m- b‑n‑, t‑^‑m-W‑n i-I‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n.
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-]-I-S-t‑a‑mÀ-¯‑v _-Ô‑w D-e-b‑m-\-S‑p-¯‑p. N‑n-e
`À-¯‑m-h-‑v A-X‑v h‑n-e-¡‑n-b-X‑m- a‑m-\‑y-·‑mÀ C-S-s‑]-«‑m-W‑v h‑n-f-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑m A-t‑±-l‑w ¡‑n-t‑¨À-¯-X‑v.
h‑n-t‑Z-i-s‑¯-¯‑n-b t‑i-j‑w
A-h-f-X‑v C³-Ì‑mÄ s‑N-b‑v-X‑v C-h‑n-s‑S h‑m-S‑v-k‑m-¸-Ã {‑]-i‑v-
Ì‑m-ä-k‑v s‑h-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b- \‑w‑, A-X‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m³
t‑¸‑m-f‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w k‑w-K-X‑n k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. H-¶‑p N‑n- ¶‑p. `À-¯‑m-h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v X-s‑¶
´‑n-¨‑m I‑m-c‑y‑w \‑n-Ê‑m-c-a‑m- A-X‑n-s‑â B-h-i‑y-I-X t‑_‑m-
W‑v. C-¶‑v t‑k‑m-j‑y a‑o-U‑n-b [‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-
D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m-¯-h-c‑m-c‑p-ï‑v? ¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n k‑w-i-b-¯‑n-\‑v
]-t‑£ `À-¯‑m-h‑n-\‑n-X‑v s‑]- ]-g‑p-X‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
s‑«-¶‑v DÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑m-\‑m-b‑n-Ã. {‑]-i‑v-\‑w \‑m-e‑m-f-d‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
¶‑n-Ã.

108 / Pq¬ / 2021

a-\-Ê-d‑n-ª‑m-I-W‑w ]-c-k‑v- A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-
]-c‑w s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w. ]-s‑£ s‑¨-¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-t‑±-l‑w
a-\-Ê-d‑n-b‑m³ \-a‑p-s‑¡-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-t‑¶‑m-S-S‑p-¯‑m \‑o
k-a-b‑w. ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑w D-Å‑p A-t‑§‑m-«‑p‑w A-S‑p-¡‑p-I.
X‑p-d-¶‑p k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑m \‑n-¶‑n \‑n-¶-I-¶‑mÂ
A-e‑n-ª‑n-Ã‑m-X‑m-I‑p-¶ {‑]-i‑v- a‑m-{‑X‑w \‑o-b‑p‑w A-I-e‑w
\-§-t‑f i-c‑m-i-c‑n Z-¼-X‑n-IÄ- ]‑m-e‑n-¡‑p-I. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-
¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-h‑q. ]-t‑£ s‑â a‑q-¡‑p‑w I-®‑p‑w I‑m-X‑p‑w
C‑u-t‑K‑m I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p‑w a‑p-J‑w \-¶‑m-b‑n \‑o k‑q-£‑n-¡-W‑w.
h‑oÀ-¸‑n-¨‑p‑w \‑m-e‑m-s‑f A-d‑n- \‑n-¶‑n \‑n-¶‑v \-à h‑m-k-\-
b‑n-t‑¨ ]-e-c‑p‑w A-S-§‑q. b-Ã‑m-s‑X A-b‑mÄ \‑p-I-c‑m-
\‑n-S-h-c-c‑p-X‑v' (C-l‑v-b 2/58‑).
N-c‑n-{‑X-h-\‑n-X-b‑m-b A-k‑v-
a‑m-A‑v(-d‑) a-I-s‑f a-W-h‑m-«‑n- _‑p-²‑n-a‑m-\‑m-b `À-¯‑m-h‑v
b‑m-b‑n N-a-b‑n-¡-s‑h \Â-I‑n-b B-Z‑y-c‑m-{‑X‑n X-s‑â C-W-¡‑v
D-]-t‑Z-i-§Ä {‑]-k-à‑w: \Â-I‑n-b D-]-t‑Z-i-a‑n-X‑m: "
"s‑]‑m-¶‑p-t‑a‑m-t‑f‑, \‑o C-§-s‑\ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n \‑o
k-Z‑m-k-a-b-h‑p‑w {‑]‑n-b-X-a-\‑p- h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-N a‑p-d‑p-s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-
a‑m-b‑n N‑p-c‑p-ï‑p-I‑q-S‑m³ \‑nÂ- ¡‑p-I. F-¶‑m F-s‑â k‑v-
¡-c‑p-X‑v. A-X-b‑m-s‑f s‑h-d‑p- t‑\-l-s‑¯ \‑n-\-¡‑v F-s‑¶-
¸‑n-¡‑m³ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-t‑b-¡‑p‑w. ¶‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑m‑w. R‑m³
F-¶‑p-I-c‑p-X‑n Z‑oÀ-L-a‑m-b‑n t‑I‑m-]‑n-¨‑m F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v
A-I-¶‑v \‑nÂ-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a-c‑p-X‑v. H-¶‑p‑w D-c‑n-b‑m-S‑m³ h-c-c‑p-
A-X‑v \‑n-s‑¶ a-d-¶‑p-I-f-b‑m³ X‑v. Z-^‑v a‑p-«‑p-¶ -t‑]‑m-s‑e

/ Pq¬ / 2021 109

F-s‑¶ a‑p-«‑m³ X‑p-\‑n-b-c‑p-X‑v' c‑w X‑m-g‑v-¶‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w.
(C-l‑v-b 2/58‑, 59‑). H-c‑mÄ K‑u-c-h-¯‑n-s‑e-¦‑nÂ
a-t‑ä-b‑mÄ k-a‑m-[‑m-\‑n-b‑m-I-
a-\:i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-]-c-a‑m-I-W‑w W‑w. F-¦‑n-t‑e i‑m-´-a‑m-b‑n
s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª- P‑o-h‑n-X-¸‑p-g H-g‑p-I‑q.
X‑n-s‑â s‑]‑m-c‑pÄ. `À-¯‑m-h‑v
]‑p-d-¯‑p-\‑n-¶-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p l-Z‑o-k‑v I‑m-W‑p-I:
{‑]-b‑m-k-§-s‑f-¸-ä‑n `‑m-c‑y N‑n- "H-c‑p k‑v-{‑X‑o-b‑p‑w X-s‑â
e-t‑¸‑mÄ A-d‑n-b-W-s‑a-¶‑n-Ã. `À-¯‑m-h‑n-s‑\ Z‑p-\‑n-b‑m-h‑nÂ
A-X‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-s‑X s‑]-c‑p- h‑n-j-a‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã; k‑zÀ-K-l‑q-
a‑m-d‑n-b‑m _-Ô‑w A-h-X‑m-f- d‑n-I-f‑n s‑]-« A-h-s‑â C-W
¯‑n-e‑m-I‑p‑w. C-§-s‑\ ]-d-ª‑n-«-Ã‑m-s‑X;
"s‑]-t‑®‑, \‑n-\-¡‑v i‑m-]‑w. \‑o
Z‑m-¼-X‑y-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑n-j-a‑n-¸‑n-¡-
G-X‑v t‑c‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑p-a‑p-Å H-ä-a‑q- s‑Ã. A-t‑±-l-a‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ \‑n-s‑â
e‑n h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑v. F-¦‑n N‑m-c-¯‑v h‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-I‑m-c³ a‑m-
k‑v-t‑\-l‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑m‑w. I‑p- {‑X-a‑m-W‑v. \‑n-s‑¶ ]‑n-c‑n-ª‑v
d-ª‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ F-s‑¶ R-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-c‑p-¶-b‑m-f‑m-
I‑n-«‑n-Ã F-¶ h‑m-i‑n-¡‑m-c‑m-W‑v W-t‑±-l‑w‑' (X‑nÀ-a‑n-Z‑n‑, C-_‑v-\‑p-
]-e-c‑p‑w. B N‑n-´ a‑m-ä‑n-t‑b a‑m-P‑).
]-ä‑q. c-ï‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w ]-c-k‑v-]-

110 / Pq¬ / 2021

Ae-hn-¡p«n ss^kn FS-¡c AJoZ

aX{`ãv
kq£n¡pI

C-k‑v-e‑m‑w A-Ã‑m-l‑p \Â-I‑n-b a-l‑m-
`‑m-K‑y-a‑m-W‑v. A-h-s‑â H‑u-Z‑m-c‑y‑w
s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w F-¶ h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w
\-a‑p-¡‑v e-`‑n-¨-X‑v. A-a‑q-e‑y-a‑m-W-s‑X-¶-X‑n-
\‑m A-]‑m-b-s‑¸-S‑m-s‑X k‑p-c-£‑n-X-a‑m-
¡‑m³ P‑m-{‑K-X I‑m-W‑n-¡-W‑w. C-k‑v-e‑m‑w
\‑n-t‑j-[-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-_-²‑, A-Ô-
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑p‑w c-£-s‑¸-«‑mÂ
]‑n-s‑¶‑, h‑o-ï‑p‑w A-X‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-
t‑]‑m-h‑p-I F-¶-X‑v h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v
D-ï‑m-I‑m-h-X-Ã. X-\‑n-¡‑v e-`‑n-¨ a-l‑m-
`‑m-K‑y-s‑¯ a‑p-d‑p-s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I
F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w A-h-s‑â \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v.

k-X‑y-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v h‑y-X‑n-N-
e-\‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-l-N-c‑y-§-
s‑f A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑o-I-c‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n h-t‑¶-¡‑m‑w.
{‑]-t‑e‑m-`-\-§-f‑m-b‑p‑w {‑]-t‑I‑m-]-\-§-f‑m-
b‑p‑w X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-§-f‑m-b‑p‑w Z‑pÀ-h‑m-i‑n-I-f‑m-
b‑p‑w h-k‑v-h‑m-k‑m-b‑p‑w A-¯-c‑w k‑m-l-N-
c‑y-§Ä c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑m‑w. A-h-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-¶‑p‑w
h-i-s‑¸-S‑m-s‑X ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-\‑nÂ-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-
b‑p-¶-X‑v C‑u-a‑m-\‑n-s‑â a-[‑p-c‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-
¨-h-\‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. C‑u-a‑m-\‑n-s‑â a‑m-
[‑p-c‑y‑w B-k‑z-Z‑n-¨‑m ]‑n-s‑¶ A-X‑n-\‑p
h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-b-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w I-b‑v-]‑p-Å-X‑m-b-\‑p-
`-h-s‑¸-S‑p‑w. C‑u-a‑m³ k-e‑m-a-¯‑m-h‑p-I
F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m-d‑p-ï‑v. k-X‑y-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w
k‑p-c-£‑n-X-a‑m-h‑p-I F-¶‑m-W‑p-t‑±-i‑y‑w.
\‑n-e-h‑n C‑u-a‑m³ A-c-£‑n-X‑m-h-Ø-b‑n-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 111

kz´w hyànXz¯nsâ BWn¡Ãv Ckv-emamsW¶Xv ad¶p
t]mhp¶hcmWv hnizmks¯bpw BZÀis¯bpw AhKWn¨v,
kmwkvImcnIambpw BZÀi ]cambpw e`n¨ ss]XrI KpW-
ta·Isfbpw km`mKy§sfbpw kpJtemep]X¡p
th@n Ifªp Ipfn¡p¶Xv.

e‑m-W‑v F-¶-Ã C-X‑n-\À-°‑w. s‑h-d‑p-¡‑p-I. ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑m-{‑i‑n-
a-d‑n-¨‑v, A-X‑v A-]‑m-b-s‑¸-S‑m- X-t‑a‑m ]‑q-c-I-t‑a‑m B-b C‑u
\‑p‑w \-ã-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p‑w F-f‑p-¸-a‑m- a‑q-¶‑v I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-
s‑W-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n I-c‑p-X- ¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-
t‑e‑m-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v. ¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑\‑,
a‑p-¯‑v d-k‑q-e‑n-s‑\‑, a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑c‑,
C‑u-a‑m-\‑n-I a-[‑p-c-¯‑n-s‑â C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑\ B-ß‑mÀ-°-a‑m-
A-S-b‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n l-Z‑o-k‑n b‑n k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-
]-d-ª-X‑v a‑q-¶‑p I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑m- W‑v l-Z‑o-k‑n-s‑â X‑mÂ-]-c‑y‑w.
W‑v. 1‑). A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑p‑w a‑p-¯‑v b-Y‑mÀ-°-¯‑n C‑u-a‑m-\‑n-I
d-k‑q-e‑p‑w G-s‑d {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-h- a-[‑p-c-s‑a-¶‑m B-g-t‑a-d‑n-
c‑m-h‑p-I‑, 2‑). A-h-s‑â ]-S-¸‑p- b-X‑p‑w a‑p-d‑n-s‑¸-S‑m-¯-X‑p‑w
I-f‑m-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑c A-Ã‑m- \-ã-s‑¸-S‑m-¯-X‑p-a‑m-b k‑v-t‑\-
l‑p-h‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n X-s‑¶ l-h‑p‑w C-ã-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v. A-Y-
k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p-I‑, 3‑). I-¯‑n-s‑b- h‑m‑, A-X‑n-\‑p h‑n-c‑p-²-a‑m-I‑p-¶-
c‑n-b‑p-¶ X‑o-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v F-d‑n-b- X‑v C-ã-s‑¸-S‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡-e‑m-W‑v.
s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\ s‑h-d‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v
t‑]‑m-s‑e C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n \‑n-¶‑v {‑]-X‑y‑pÂ-]‑m-Z-\-]-c-a‑m-W‑v
]‑p-d-¯‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\ F-¶-X‑m-W‑v C‑u k‑v-t‑\-l-

112 / Pq¬ / 2021

§-f‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-X. C-ã-t‑a‑m D-ï‑m-b‑n-¡‑q-S‑m.
\-·-I-f‑p‑w K‑p-W-§-f‑p-a‑m- h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑v a-[‑p-c-
W‑v A-X‑v {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I.
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑\/k-X‑y-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k- a‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑nÂ
s‑a-¶ k‑u-`‑m-K‑y-s‑¯ k‑w-c- \‑n-¶‑p-Å h‑y-X‑n-N-e-\-s‑¯
£‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-W‑v a‑q-¶‑m- A-b‑mÄ IT‑n-\-a‑m-b‑n s‑h-
a-s‑¯ I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n l-Z‑o-k‑v d‑p-¡‑p‑w. C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n \‑n-¶‑v
h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. s‑N-d‑n-s‑b‑m- ]‑p-d-¯‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\
c‑p A-\‑n-ã‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w C-k‑v- A-K‑v-\‑n-b‑n F-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-
e‑m-a‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v D-ï‑m-I-c‑p-X‑v. X‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑m-W‑v D-]-a‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-
C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n AÂ-]‑w A-I- X‑v. H-c‑p `‑m-K-¯‑v F-c‑n-b‑p-¶
¯‑p‑w AÂ-]‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p‑w A-K‑v-\‑n-b‑p‑w a-d‑p-`‑m-K-¯‑v C-k‑v-
F-¶ A-h-Ø-b‑n-Ã. A-I-¸‑p- e‑m-a‑p-t‑]-£‑n-¡-e‑p‑w h-¶‑mÂ
d-§-f‑p-s‑S A-X‑nÀ-¯‑n t‑c-J A-K‑v-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑m-e‑p‑w
A-X‑n-t‑e‑m-e-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v X-«‑n k-X‑y-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w X‑n-c-k‑v-I-c‑n-
¯-I-c‑m-s‑\-f‑p-¸-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p- ¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑n-
s‑I‑m-ï‑p X-s‑¶ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n ¡‑p‑w a-[‑p-c-a‑p-Å C‑u-a‑m-\‑p-Å
\‑n-¶‑v ]‑p-d‑w I-S-¡-e‑n-s‑\ I‑p- h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-h-Ø.
d‑n-¨‑p-Å s‑N-d‑n-b t‑a‑m-l-t‑a‑m
]-c‑o-£-W-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w
{‑]-X‑n-I‑q-e k‑m-l-N-c‑y-§-f‑n-
e‑p‑w ]-X-d‑p-¶ k‑m-l-N-c‑y‑w
b-Y‑mÀ-° h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-¡‑p-ï‑m-
h‑n-Ã. A-h-\‑n-s‑e a-[‑p-c-a‑p-Å
C‑u-a‑m³ X‑m-\-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-
X‑n-s‑\-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w a-[‑p-c-a‑p-Å-
X‑m-¡‑n-¯‑oÀ-¡‑p‑w. A-§-s‑\
A-h³ k‑zÀ-¤-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-t‑¨-
c‑p‑w.

s‑s‑\-a‑n-j‑n-I-h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-
c‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b N‑m-]-e‑y-§Ä-¡‑v
a‑p-¼‑n A-Ã‑m-l‑p \Â-I‑n-b‑n-
«‑p-Å C‑u-a‑m-s‑\-¶ a-l‑m-`‑m-
K‑y‑w X-IÀ-s‑¯-d‑n-b‑p-¶ l-X-
`‑m-K‑y-c‑p-Å I‑m-e-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v.
A-]-I-S-§Ä ]-X‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-
¶‑n-S-¯‑v B-t‑e‑m-N-\‑m-t‑i-j‑n-
b‑p-Å B-c‑p‑w \‑n-c‑m-b‑p-[-c‑p‑w
A-{‑i-²-c‑p-a‑m-I‑n-Ã. a-X-]-c-
a‑m-b A-]-I-S-§-s‑f H-c‑n-¡-
e‑p‑w s‑N-d‑p-X‑m-b‑n I-ï‑p-I‑q-S‑m.
k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I k‑p-Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑p‑w

/ Pq¬ / 2021 113

A-X‑n-s‑â A-h‑n-i‑p-² I‑q-S-¸‑n- b‑n-«‑p-a‑p-ï‑v.
d-¸‑m-b Z‑p-c-`‑n-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w Z‑pÀ-t‑a‑m- C‑u-a‑m-\‑n-\‑p‑w C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-
l-§-f‑p‑w I‑m-c-W‑w‑, k‑z-´‑w
D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯‑w a-d-¶‑v P‑o-h‑n- \‑p‑w \‑n-c-¡‑m-¯-X‑p‑w A-h-
X‑w X‑n-aÀ-¯‑m-S-c‑p-X‑v. s‑b Z‑pÀ-_-e-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-b
h‑m-¡‑p-IÄ‑, {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-IÄ‑,
k‑z-´‑w h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§Ä h-c‑m-X‑n-c‑n-
B-W‑n-¡-Ã‑v C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑m-s‑W- ¡‑m³ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n P‑m-{‑K-X
¶-X‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w a-d-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p- ]‑p-eÀ-¯Â I‑q-S‑p-X A-\‑n-
¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v h‑n-i‑z‑m- h‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b H-c‑p I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v
k-s‑¯-b‑p‑w B-ZÀ-i-s‑¯-b‑p‑w \‑m‑w P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-k‑v-
A-h-K-W‑n-¨‑v, k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n- e‑m-a‑n-s‑e G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p
I-a‑m-b‑p‑w B-ZÀ-i-]-c-a‑m-b‑p‑w \‑n-b-a‑w‑, A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â
e-`‑n-¨ s‑s‑]-X‑r-I K‑p-W-t‑a- G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p \‑n-Ý-b‑w
·-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w k‑m-`‑m-K‑y-§-s‑f- {‑]-X‑y-£-¯‑n \-½‑p-s‑S
b‑p‑w N-§‑m-¯-¯‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n‑, k‑p-J-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-t‑\‑m t‑a‑m-l-
A-[‑n-I‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑v t‑h-ï‑n‑, k‑m-^-e‑y-¯‑n-t‑\‑m F-X‑n-c‑m-b‑n
k‑p-J-t‑e‑m-e‑p-]-X-¡‑p t‑h-ï‑n h-¶‑m A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑\-X‑n-
N‑n-e-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w I-f-ª‑p I‑p-f‑n- s‑c‑, a-X-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c \-½‑nÂ
¡‑p-¶-X‑v. \‑n-¶‑p h-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ ]-e
]-c‑m-aÀ-i-§-f‑p‑w A-X‑n-c‑p-
A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w d-k‑q- I-S-¶-X‑m-h‑p‑w. H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w
e‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w k-X‑y-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-s‑b- \-½Ä H‑mÀ-¡-W‑w‑, t‑a‑m-£-
b‑p‑w k-X‑y-a-X-s‑¯-b‑p‑w k‑v- h‑p‑w k‑p-c-£-b‑p‑w h‑n-P-b-
t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v \-½‑p-s‑S h‑p‑w t‑\-S-W-s‑a-¦‑n ]-c‑n-[‑n-
h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â t‑X-«-h‑p‑w IÄ-¡‑p‑w ]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w
h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-s‑â A-\‑n-h‑m-c‑y- \‑n-b-{‑´-W-§Ä-¡‑p-a‑n-S-b‑nÂ
X-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. k‑v-t‑\-l i‑q- I-c‑p-X-t‑e‑m-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p a‑p-
\‑y-a‑m-b {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑p‑w t‑¶‑m-«‑p-t‑]‑m-I-W‑w. t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b
\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p‑w \-a‑p-s‑¡‑m-c‑n- t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, A-¨-S-¡-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X
¡-e‑p‑w h‑n-P-b-t‑a‑m h‑y-à‑n-X‑z P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \-b‑n-¨‑m k‑z-´‑w
{‑]-I‑m-i-\-t‑a‑m \Â-I‑n-Ã. C‑u h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â _‑m-l‑y-
h‑n-N‑m-c‑w \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S k‑u-µ-c‑y‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w \-ã-s‑¸-
P‑o-h-\‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v k-X‑y- «‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-
h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w k‑p-c-£‑n-X-a‑m-h‑p-I. X-s‑¶‑, h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v
\-_‑n-a‑m-c-S-¡-a‑p-Å a-l‑m-ß‑m- ]‑p-d-¯‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\
¡Ä‑, R-§-s‑f \‑o a‑p-k‑v-e‑n- F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-t‑\-¡‑m-f‑p‑w A-X‑n-i-
a‑m-b‑n a-c‑n-¸‑n-t‑¡-W-t‑a F-¶‑v à-a‑m-b‑n \-a‑p-¡‑v s‑h-d‑p-¡‑m‑w.
{‑]‑mÀ-°‑n-¨-X‑v \-a‑p-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w. A-§-s‑\ C‑u-a‑m-\‑n-s‑â a-[‑p-c-
a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-a‑m-b-Ã‑m-s‑X a-c-W-s‑¸- h‑p‑w X‑n-f-¡-h‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v k‑w-c-
S‑p-¶ k‑m-l-N-c‑y‑w £-W‑n-¨‑p £‑n-¡‑m‑w.
h-c‑p-¯-c‑p-X‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-i‑p-²
J‑pÀ-B³ X‑m-¡‑o-X‑v \Â-I‑n-

114 / Pq¬ / 2021

dq¯v Unkqk {]`p cpNn-¡q«v

tImf\nh¡cWhpw
BtKmf

`£W§fnse
C´y³ kzm[o\hpw

H-c‑n-¡Â D-¨ `-£-W‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w I-g‑n-
¡‑m³ C-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R‑m³. {‑]-[‑m-\ h‑n-`-h-a‑m-b‑n I‑n-¨-S‑n-
b‑m-W‑v D-ï‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. I‑n-¨-U‑n C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e-§‑p‑w A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«
h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m. {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v s‑I-U‑v-P‑n-c‑n (A-c‑n a‑n-{‑i‑n-X‑w‑, a-Õ‑y‑w‑,
t‑h-h‑n-¨ a‑p-« F-¶‑n-h s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑n-`-h‑w‑) I‑n-¨-U‑n-b‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-\‑w DÄ-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v c‑q-]-s‑¸-« `-£-W-]-Z‑mÀ-°-a‑m-
s‑W-¶‑v F-s‑â a-I-f‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª‑p-X-c‑p-¶-X‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑m-W‑v A-[‑n-
\‑n-t‑h-i-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S C-´‑y-b‑n c‑q-]-s‑¸-« `-£-W-]-Z‑mÀ-°-§-s‑f
I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ ]T‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

/ Pq¬ / 2021 115

`-£-W s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-h‑p‑w s‑e k‑z-X-{‑´ N-c‑n-{‑X-I‑m-c‑n-
A-e-¦‑m-c-h‑p‑w b‑p‑w s‑kâÀ H‑m-^‑v k‑u-¯‑v
G-j‑y³ Ì-U‑o-k‑n-s‑â
1858 a‑p-XÂ 1947 h-s‑c A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-ä‑v s‑^-t‑e‑m-b‑p‑w
\‑o-ï s‑I‑m-t‑f‑m-W‑n-b I‑m- Curry: A tale of cook and
e-s‑¯ {‑_‑n-«-\‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑p‑w Conquerors‑ F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-
X-½‑n-e‑p-Å `-£-W h‑n-`-h-§- I-¯‑n-s‑â c-N-b‑n-X‑m-h‑p-a‑m-b
f‑p-s‑S s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡Â h‑m-§-e‑p-I- e‑n-k‑n t‑I‑m-f‑n‑w-K‑v-l‑m‑w B-b‑n-
s‑f I‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-W‑v R‑m³ B-Z‑y‑w c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v.
A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a-ä‑p s‑I‑m-
t‑f‑m-W‑n-b i-à‑n-I-f‑m-b {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v c‑m-P‑n-s‑â G-ä-
{‑^-©‑v, t‑]‑mÀ-¨‑p-K‑o-k‑v, U-¨‑v, h‑p‑w ]-g-b-X‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨-X‑p-a‑m-b
s‑U-b‑v³ F-¶‑n-h-c‑p‑w C-´‑y³ `-£‑y h‑n-`-h-§-f‑n H-¶‑m-
k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑v k‑z‑m- W‑v s‑I-U‑v-P‑n-c‑n. C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e
[‑o-\‑w DÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑m-b‑n I-ï‑p-
X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w s‑N-e‑p-¯‑p- ]‑n-S‑n-¨ h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v. A-hÀ
I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑mÀ-«‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w
C-X‑v h‑n-f-¼‑n. {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ-
I‑n-¨-U‑n-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v s‑I-U‑v- ¡‑v a-Õ‑y‑w C-ã-a‑m-b-X‑n-\‑m-
P‑n-c‑n c‑q-]-s‑¸-«-X‑v F-§-s‑\-b‑m- e‑p‑w A-hÀ C-´‑y-b‑n s‑h-¨‑v
s‑W-¶-d‑n-b‑m³ k‑p-l‑r-¯‑m-W‑v a‑o³-]‑n-S‑p-¯‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-
F-s‑¶ k-l‑m-b‑n-¨-X‑v. t‑I‑w- ¶-X‑n-\‑m-e‑p‑w c‑m-h‑n-s‑e a‑o³
{‑_‑n-U‑v-P‑v kÀ-h-I-e‑m-i‑m-e-b‑n- ]‑n-S‑n-¨ D-S-s‑\ C‑u h‑n-`-h‑w

116 / Pq¬ / 2021

]‑m-N-I‑w s‑N-¿‑m-d‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p- A-e-¦‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n
¶‑p. A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v A-c‑n-b‑n- I‑q-«‑p-¶ a-Ã‑n-b‑n-e‑, h‑m-«‑n-b
e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-¸‑n-e‑p‑w C-X‑v t‑NÀ- D-Å‑n‑, ]‑p-g‑p-§‑n-b t‑I‑m-g‑n-
¯‑p-X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. a‑p-« X‑p-S-§‑n-b C-´‑y³
c‑p-N‑n-¡‑q-«‑v {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ
A-e-¦‑m-c‑w‑, `‑w-K‑n‑, t‑]‑m- C-ã-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ
j-I K‑p-W‑w F-¶‑o L-S-I- s‑I-U‑v-P‑n-c‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-h-k‑m-
§-f‑m-W‑v s‑I-U‑v-P‑n-c‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-¯‑n I-g‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n‑,
C-´‑y³ h‑n-`-h-§Ä I-S-¶‑p- ^‑n-\‑n-j‑n‑w-K‑v S-¨‑p-I-f‑m-b‑n
I‑q-S‑m-\‑p-ï‑m-b {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-\‑w. C-h t‑NÀ-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
k-¼-¶À ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w t‑h-«
\-S-¯‑n‑, ]‑mÀ-«‑n-I-f‑n GÀ- `-£-W-¯‑n-s‑e A-e-
s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-`‑m-X-`-£-W- ¦‑m-c-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w k‑p-K-Ô-
¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n h-c-ª‑p-W-¡‑n-b t‑¯‑m-S‑p-a‑p-Å {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v
a-Õ‑y‑w `-£‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N- {‑]-W-b-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v e‑n-
¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\ C-X‑v k‑n t‑I‑m-f‑n-M‑v l‑m‑w ]-d-b‑p-
s‑I-U‑v-P‑n-c‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¡-s‑¸- I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. 1970I-f‑p-s‑S
«‑p. A-h-k‑m-\-¯‑nÂ‑, A-¡‑m-
e-¯‑v F-f‑p-¸-¯‑n e-`‑n-
F-¶‑m {‑_‑n-«-\‑n C-¯- ¡‑m-¯ h-k‑v-X‑p-h‑m-b‑n-«‑p
c‑w h‑n-`-h-§Ä {‑]-X‑y-£-s‑¸-«- t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w {‑_‑n-«-\‑n F-Ã‑m-
X‑v C‑u-Ì‑v C-´‑y‑m I-¼-\‑n-¡‑v b‑n-S-¯‑p‑w {‑^-j‑v a-Ã‑n-b‑n-e
C-´‑y-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å _-Ô-¯‑n- G-s‑d h‑n-ä‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-`‑m-X-`- {‑]-i-k‑v-X \-S‑n-b‑p‑w `-£-
£-W s‑a-\‑p-I-f‑n `‑w-K‑n-¡‑p‑w
/ Pq¬ / 2021 117
tImf\n¡mÀ, IpSntbä¡mÀ
F¶nhcneqsS At\
Iw C´y³ hn`h§Ä
temI¯nsâ hyXykvX
`mK§fnte¡v k©cn¡p
Ibpw AhbpsS {]mà\
thcpIÄ C´ybn \ne
\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

W K-t‑h-j-I-b‑p‑w a‑p-¸-t‑X‑m-f‑w c‑q-]-s‑¸-«-s‑X-¶‑v a-[‑qÀ h‑n-i-
]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§-f‑p-s‑S c-N-b‑n-X‑m- Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X
h‑p-a‑m-b a-[‑pÀ P-{‑^‑n A-h-X- C-\‑w `-£-W h‑n-`-h-§Ä
c‑n-¸‑n-¨ ‑'a-Ã‑n-b‑n-e-b‑p‑w \‑m-c-§ (aÄ-«‑n t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑v a‑oÂ‑) H-¶‑n-
\‑o-c‑v H-g‑n-¨ N‑n-¡-\‑p‑w‑' F-¶ ¨‑p I-g‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v
s‑S-e‑n-h‑n-j³ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-t‑S-X‑v. A-¯-
C-X‑v {‑]-ZÀ-i‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p- c‑w `-£-W-c‑o-X‑n-b‑n H-c‑p
ï‑m-b‑n. h‑n-`-h‑w a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w k‑q-¸‑m-b‑n-
c‑n-¡‑p‑w. a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, t‑N‑m-d‑nÂ
C-t‑X-t‑]‑m-s‑e {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v I-d‑n H-g‑n-¨‑v I-g‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n
`-£‑y-k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-¯‑n k‑z‑m- C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b-X‑p-s‑I‑m-
[‑o-\‑w s‑N-e‑p-¯‑n-b a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p ï‑p X-s‑¶ C-´‑y-b‑n \‑n-¶‑v
C-´‑y³ h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W‑v c-k‑w. {‑_‑n-«-\‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-d‑n-b
]‑p-f‑n‑, X-¡‑m-f‑n F-¶‑n-h s‑I‑m- c-k‑w k‑q-¸‑n-s‑â c‑q-]-¯‑n-e‑m-
ï‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n k‑q-¸‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e W‑v A-h‑n-s‑S F-¯‑n-b-X‑v. t‑N‑m-
I‑p-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m‑, A-s‑Ã-¦‑n d‑n H-g‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w
t‑N‑m-d‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w H-g‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-¡‑p- k‑v-]‑q¬ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v k‑q-
¶-t‑X‑m B-b Z-£‑n-t‑W-´‑y³ ¸‑m-b‑n {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑mÀ A-X‑v
h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v. {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v I-g‑n-¨‑p. G-X‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w X-a‑n-g‑v-
a-e-K-t‑ä‑m-\‑n k‑q-¸‑n-s‑â D-Û-h- \‑m-«‑n \‑n-¶‑p-Å I‑p-c‑p-a‑p-f-
¯‑n-\‑v I‑m-c-W‑w c-k-a‑m-s‑W- I‑v c-k-a‑m-b a‑n-e‑m-K‑p-X-¶‑nÀ
¶‑v ]-d-b‑m-d‑p-ï‑v. AÂ-]‑w I‑q-S‑n I-«‑n-b‑p-Å c‑o-
X‑n-b‑n ]‑m-N-I‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑mÂ
C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e s‑h-P‑n-t‑ä- {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S a-e-K-t‑ä‑m-
d‑n-b³ c-k-¯‑n-s‑â c‑q-]- W‑n k‑q-¸‑m-b‑n.
t‑`-Z-a‑m-b X-a‑n-g‑v a‑n-e‑m-K‑p
X-®‑o-d‑n-s‑â D-¨‑m-c-W-¯‑n C-´‑y³ h‑n-`-h-§-f‑m-b
\‑n-¶‑m-h-W‑w a-e-K‑m-t‑ä‑m-\‑n h‑n³-U-e‑q‑, SÀ-¡ U‑mÂ‑,
k‑q-¸‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w

118 / Pq¬ / 2021

J‑pÀ-a F-¶‑n-h C-¶‑p‑w {‑_‑n-«‑o-
j‑v ]‑m-N-I-¯‑n k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w
s‑N-e‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. C‑u h‑n-`-h-
§Ä s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ
D-ï‑m-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. ]-º‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w
s‑s‑l k‑v-{‑S‑o-ä‑v s‑d-t‑Ì‑m-dâ‑p-I-
f‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v C-h ]‑m-I‑w s‑N-¿‑p-
¶-X‑p‑w h‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w. ]-X‑n-
t‑\-g‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑e C‑u-Ì‑v
C-´‑y‑m I-¼-\‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-
c‑m-W‑v C-h-b‑p-s‑S ]‑m-N-I-¡‑p-
d‑n-¸‑p-IÄ t‑i-J-c‑n-¨‑v k‑z-´‑w
\‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡-b-¨-X‑v. A-X-\‑p-
k-c‑n-¨‑v {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v k‑v-{‑X‑o-IÄ
]‑m-N-I‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-ä-h‑p‑w h‑n-`-h t‑N‑m-¡.
k-©‑m-c-h‑p‑w 1834\‑p‑w 1917\‑p‑w C-S-b‑nÂ

t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑e-X-s‑¶ G-ä- I‑n-g-¡³ D-¯À-{‑]-t‑Z-i‑nÂ
h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-ä k-a‑q- \‑n-¶‑p‑w ]-S‑n-ª‑m-d³ _‑o-l‑m-
l‑w C-´‑y-¡‑m-c‑p-t‑S-X‑m-W‑v. d‑n \‑n-¶‑p-a‑p-Å 1.4 Z-i-e-
]-X‑n-s‑\-«‑v Z-i-e-£‑w C-´‑y- £‑w C-´‑y-¡‑mÀ I-c‑o-_‑n-b³
¡‑mÀ c‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑p-d-¯‑v c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-c‑m-d-S‑n-
P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. I-c‑o-_‑n-b³ Ø‑m-\-¯‑n A-S‑n-a-I-f‑m-b‑n
Z‑z‑o-]‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e C-´‑y³ h‑w-i- ]‑p-d-s‑¸-«‑p. 18 a‑m-k-s‑¯ b‑m-
PÀ {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w 1800I-f‑n {‑X-¡‑v A-hÀ h-f-s‑c X‑p-Ñ-
C‑u-Ì‑v C-´‑y‑m I-¼-\‑n A-S‑n- a‑m-b `-£-W k‑m-a-{‑K‑n-I-f‑m-
a-I-f‑m-b‑n ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑p W‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v.
t‑]‑m-b-h-c‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-K‑m-a‑n-I-f‑m- C‑u b‑m-{‑X-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w
W‑v. {‑S‑n-\‑n-U‑m-U‑v `-£-W-§- t‑N‑m-¡ A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¯‑n-b-X‑v.
f‑n C-´‑y³ k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w c‑q-
]-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v. t‑N‑m-¡-¡‑v ]‑p-d-t‑a t‑h-s‑d-
C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e X-¡‑m-f‑n t‑N‑m- b‑p‑w C-´‑y³ `-£-W-§-f‑p‑w
¡-b‑p-s‑S k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w A-h‑n-s‑S- ]‑m-N-I c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w I-c‑o-
b‑p-a‑p-ï‑v. X‑o-b‑n h-d‑p-¯ _‑n-b³ P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑s‑i-e‑n-
X-¡‑m-f‑n‑, s‑h-f‑p-¯‑p-Å‑n‑, a‑p-f- b‑n I-S-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.
I‑v A-c-¨-X‑v F-¶‑n-h t‑NÀ-¯‑v k-_‑v-k‑n-k‑v, Z‑mÂ‑, ]-t‑¡‑m-d‑,
D-ï‑m-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p C-´‑y³
h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v. _‑o-l‑m-d‑n-s‑e
{‑]-[‑m-\ h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W‑v e‑n-ä‑n

/ Pq¬ / 2021 119

]‑q-c‑n‑, N-S‑v-W‑n F-¶‑n-h N‑n-e- k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-h-b‑p-s‑S
X‑m-W‑v. N‑p-c‑p-¡-¯‑nÂ‑, t‑I‑m- {‑]‑m-à-\ t‑h-c‑p-IÄ C-´‑y-
f-\‑n-¡‑mÀ‑, I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-ä-¡‑mÀ b‑n \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-
F-¶‑n-h-c‑n-e‑q-s‑S C-´‑y³ ¿‑p-¶‑p.
h‑n-`-h-§Ä t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â
h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X `‑m-K-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v hnh: F³. apl½Zv- JeoÂ

{‑^-©‑v X‑o³-t‑a-i-I-f‑n-s‑e

t‑]‑m-@‑n-t‑¨-c‑n S-¨‑v

X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-«‑n- ¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w. b‑p-Å t‑h-\Â-¡‑m-e-¯‑m-
s‑e t‑I-{‑µ h-Z‑p-h³ (X-a‑n- W‑v k‑m-[‑m-c-W-b‑m-b‑n C-X‑v
`-c-W {‑]-t‑Z-i-h‑p‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-I. t‑X-§-b-c-¨
1954 h-s‑c {‑^-©‑v g‑v ]-Z-a‑m-b h-S- N-S‑v-W‑n-s‑¡‑m-¸-t‑a‑m A-s‑Ã-
t‑I‑m-f-\‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n- K-¯‑n \‑n-¶‑m- ¦‑n a-«¬ k‑m-¼‑m-d‑n-s‑\‑m-
c‑p-¶ {‑]-t‑Z-i-a‑m- W‑v C‑u t‑]-c‑v ¸-t‑a‑m B-W‑v C-X‑v I-g‑n-¡‑m-
W‑v t‑]‑m-ï‑n-t‑¨- h-¶-X‑v) F-¶-X‑v d‑p-Å-X‑v.
c‑n. C-h‑n-S-s‑¯ F-c‑n-h‑p-Å ]-´‑v
{‑]-a‑p-J `-£- c‑q-]-¯‑n-e‑p-Å H-c‑p X‑m-d‑m-h‑v h-Z‑p-h³ {‑^‑m³-
W h‑n-`-h-a‑m-b `-£-W-a‑m-W‑v. \‑nÀ- k‑n G-s‑d h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b
]-¶‑n- h-Z‑p-h³ ½‑n-¡‑m³ \‑m-e‑v h‑n-`-h-a‑m-W‑v. h-Z‑p-h³
B-W‑v {‑^-©‑v B-g‑v-N-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. C-t‑¸‑mÄ D-W-§‑n-b s‑]‑m-
X‑m-d‑m-h‑v-s‑h-Z‑p-h³ D-Å‑n A-c‑n-ª- S‑n-b‑p-s‑S c‑q-]-¯‑n h‑n-
F-¶ h‑n-`-h-a‑m- X‑v, s‑h-f‑p-¯‑p- ]-W‑n-b‑n e-`‑y-a‑m-W‑v.
b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b-X‑v. Å‑n‑, h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X {‑^-©‑p-I‑mÀ C-X‑v s‑h-b‑n-e-
s‑I‑m-t‑f‑m-W‑n-b C-\‑w ]-b-d‑p-IÄ‑, ¯‑p-h-¨‑v D-W-¡‑n-b-Ã‑, I‑m-
I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n I-S‑p-I‑v, P‑o-c-I‑w‑, e‑m-h-Ø-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-X
{‑^-©‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v D-W-¡ a‑p-f-I‑v, I‑m-c-W‑w H‑m-h-\‑n-e‑m-W‑v
{‑]‑m-t‑Z-i‑n-I h‑n- D-e‑p-h‑, s‑]-c‑p‑w- ]‑m-I-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑v.
`-h-§Ä I-g‑n- P‑o-c-I‑w‑, a-ªÄ
¡‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b t‑N-c‑p-
`-£-W‑w ]‑m-N-I‑w h-IÄ I‑m-ÌÀ‑,
s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑n-s‑S- t‑X-§‑, F-Å‑v
b‑m-W‑v h-Z‑p-h³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-b‑nÂ
c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑NÀ-¯‑v ]-´‑v
{‑^-©‑n-t‑\-¡‑m- c‑q-]-¯‑n D-c‑p-«‑n-
f‑p‑w t‑]‑m-ï‑n-t‑¨-c‑n s‑b-S‑p-¯ t‑i-j‑w
c‑p-N‑n-t‑`-Z-¯‑n s‑h-b‑n-e-¯‑p-h-¨‑v
AÂ-]‑w F-c‑n-h‑v D-W-¡‑p‑w. a‑mÀ-¨‑v
I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑n-c‑n- a‑p-XÂ s‑a-b‑v h-s‑c-

120 / Pq¬ / 2021

dkmJv sN¯ve¯v hmb\

XmcbpsS
ZpcnXbm{XIÄ

]pkvXIw: Education: a Memoir (BßIY)
cNbnXmhv: Xmc shÌvHmhÀ

A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ s‑a-t‑½‑m-d‑n- Stein book award, national
Ì‑p‑w D-]-\‑y‑m-k-I-b‑p‑w book critics Circle award
N-c‑n-{‑X-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v X‑m-c X‑p-S-§‑n H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v t‑Z-i‑o-b
s‑h-Ì‑v-H‑m-hÀ. 2018Â G-ä-h‑p- _-l‑p-a-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-
a-[‑n-I‑w h‑n-ä-g‑n-ª ]‑p-k‑v-X- X-I-s‑¯ t‑X-S‑n-s‑b-¯‑n. C‑u
I-§-f‑n H-¶‑m-a-s‑X-¶‑m-W‑v t‑\-«-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-
"education: A memoir' F-¶ S‑p-¯‑v "Time magazine'
X‑m-c s‑h-Ì‑v-H‑m-h-d‑n-s‑â B-ß- 2019s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w k‑z‑m-[‑o-\-
I-Y-¡‑v \‑y‑p-t‑b‑mÀ-¡‑v s‑s‑S‑w-k‑v a‑p-Å \‑q-d‑p h‑y-à‑n-I-f‑nÂ
\Â-I‑n-b h‑n-t‑i-j-W‑w. Jean H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n X‑m-c-s‑b ]-c‑n-K-

/ Pq¬ / 2021 121

W‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. hÀ A-s‑Ã-¦‑n a‑m-ä‑n
{‑K-Ù-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-s‑S Z‑p-c‑n-X- \‑nÀ-¯-s‑¸-«-hÀ-s‑¡-
Ã‑m‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w
]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑n-X b‑m-{‑X- A-\‑y-a‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶
I-f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p-s‑a‑m-¯‑p-Å t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w A-hÄ h‑m-
\‑n-a‑n-j-§-f‑p‑w {‑K‑m-a‑o-W N‑p- b-\-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑p-¶-b‑n-
ä‑p-]‑m-S‑p-a‑m-W‑v C-X‑n-s‑â C-X‑n- ¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v.
h‑r-¯‑w. H‑u-]-N‑m-c‑n-I h‑n-
Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w t‑\-S‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ s‑h-d‑p-s‑a‑m-c‑p
A-hÀ ]-X‑n-t‑\-g‑m‑w h-b-Ê‑n B-ß-I-Y F-¶-
t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑n t‑]‑m-I‑m-\‑m-b‑n X‑n-e-¸‑p-d‑w k-a‑q-l-
X-s‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n- ¯‑n-s‑e ]-e Z‑p-
e-¡‑p-IÄ a-d‑n-I-S-¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m- c‑m-N‑m-c-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w
s‑S X‑m-c-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯-e‑n-\‑p-
h-e‑n-b h-g‑n-¯‑n-c‑n-h‑p-IÄ-¡‑v X-I‑p‑w h‑n-[-a‑m-W‑v
X‑p-S-¡-a‑m-h‑p-¶‑p. s‑F-U-t‑l‑m C-X‑n-s‑e H‑m-t‑c‑m k‑w-
(Idaho) ]À-Æ-X \‑n-c-b‑n `-h-h‑p‑w h‑m-b-\-s‑b
X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ X‑m-c-b‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p \-b‑n-¡‑p-I.
I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w k-a‑q-l-¯‑n ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w B-ß-I-
\‑n-¶‑v a‑m-ä‑n \‑nÀ-¯-s‑¸-«-h-c‑m- Y-IÄ h‑m-b-\-¡‑m-c‑p-
b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w
t‑e‑m-I-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å I‑m-g‑v-N-¸‑m- t‑h-ï-h‑n-[‑w {‑]-X‑n-^-
S‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w X-s‑â \‑n-Ê-l‑m- e-\-a‑p-ï‑m-¡‑m-d‑p-ï‑v.
b-X-IÄ-¡‑p‑w a‑o-s‑X-b‑p-f-f A-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c-\‑p-`-h‑w
X‑m-c-b‑p-s‑S X‑p-d-¶ t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-
a‑m-W‑v ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w h‑m-b-\-¡‑v
h‑n-t‑[-b-a‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-
`‑y‑m-k‑w H-c‑p \-Ã h‑y-à‑n-
s‑b-b‑p‑w k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-s‑¯-b‑p‑w
c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-s‑a-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨-
d‑n-h‑m-W‑v A-h-s‑f D-bÀ-¶
\‑n-e-h‑m-c-¯‑n N‑n-´‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-
¶-X‑v. k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑e X‑m-g‑v-¶-

CSp§nb Nn´mKXn¡mcmb
Xsâ {KmaoW Npäp]mSn \n¶v
]ptcmKa\]camb ImgvN¸mSnte¡pw
DbÀ¨bnte¡pw IpXn¡p¶
PohnX IYIfmWv Ahkm\
`mK§Ä IqSp-X-embn ]dbp¶Xv.

122 / Pq¬ / 2021

C‑u {‑K-Ù-h‑p‑w \-a‑p- _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n A-IÂ-¨-b‑p-
¡‑v k-½‑m-\‑n-¡‑p‑w. ï‑m-¡‑n. A-h-f‑p-s‑S ]T-\-s‑¯-t‑b‑m
A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-h-W‑w h‑o-«‑n \‑n-¶‑v a‑m-d‑n-\‑n-¶‑p-Å ]-c‑n-
C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-\‑v {‑i-a-s‑¯-t‑b‑m B-c‑p‑w h‑n-e-a-X‑n-¨‑n-Ã.
C-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d {‑]-N‑m-c- Z‑p-c‑n-X ]‑qÀ-W-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑a-
h‑p‑w {‑]-i-k‑v-X‑n-b‑p‑w ¦‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w t‑\-S-W-s‑a-¶
s‑s‑I-h-¶-X‑v. D-d-¨ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-s‑¯ ]‑n-´‑p-W-¡‑p-¶
A-[‑y‑m-]-I-c‑p‑w G-X‑m-\‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-
I‑p-S‑p‑w-_ {‑]-i‑v- I-f‑p‑w A-hÄ-¡‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.
\-¯‑m-e‑p‑w k‑m-
a‑q-l‑n-I-a‑m-b I‑m- C-h‑n-s‑S s‑P.U‑n h‑m³-k‑n-s‑â
c-W-§-f‑m-e‑p‑w ] "Hillbilly elegy' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-
T-\‑w h-g‑n-a‑p-«‑n-b‑, h‑p-a‑m-b‑n‑, a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S h‑n-
X‑o-s‑c A-h-k-c‑w i‑z‑m-k-§-s‑f a-d‑n-I-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\
e-`‑n-¡‑m-¯ ]-eÀ- I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å X‑n-c‑p-a‑m-\-§-f‑n N‑n-e
¡‑p‑w C‑u B-ß- k‑m-a‑y-X-I-f‑p-ï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w h‑m³-k‑n-s‑\
I-Y s‑h-f‑n-¨-t‑a-I‑p‑w. h‑o-«‑n \‑n-¶‑v A-I-ä‑p-¶-X‑n h‑n-Z‑y‑m-
D-bÀ-¨-b‑n-s‑e-¡‑p-Å `‑y‑m-k‑w H-c‑p ]-¦‑p‑w h-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.
t‑¢-i-I-c-a‑m-b b‑m-{‑X- F-¶‑m X‑m-c-s‑b k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-
IÄ H‑m-t‑c‑m-¶‑m-b‑n S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w t‑a‑m-i‑w A-h-Ø-b‑nÂ
X‑m-c ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. \‑n-¶‑v c-£-s‑¸-S‑m³ k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b
b‑q-W‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n- {‑]-[‑m-\ a‑mÀ-¤‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-
b‑n t‑]‑m-b H-c‑p ¶‑p.
k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-\‑nÂ
\‑n-¶‑v {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z- a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡Ä Ø‑n-c-h‑p‑w k‑m-
\-a‑pÄ-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v a‑q-l‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b k‑z-`‑m-h‑w {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-
A-h-f‑p‑w B ]‑m-X ¡‑m-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-¡‑p-¶
]‑n-´‑p-S-c‑p-¶‑p. A-d‑n- A-\-´-c-^-e-s‑¯ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å
h‑n-\‑p‑w IT‑n-\‑m-[‑z‑m- h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯-e‑m-W‑v c-ï‑v ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-
\-¯‑n-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å
A-t‑\‑z-j-W‑w A-h- / Pq¬ / 2021 123
s‑f c‑q-]‑m-´-c-s‑¸-S‑p-
¯‑p-¶‑p. A-X-h-s‑f
t‑I‑w-{‑_‑n-U‑v-P‑v b‑q-W‑n-
t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w
l‑mÀ-h‑mÀ-U‑v b‑q-W‑n-
t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¡‑p‑w
\-b‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.

F-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑m-e‑p‑w
A-h-f‑p-s‑S h‑n-Z‑y‑m-
`‑y‑m-k‑w k‑z-´‑w
I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n

kaql¯nsâ Hmc§fn Häs¸«p PohnXw \bn¨ XmcbpsS
]n¡me t\«§Ä ]pXnb Xeapd¡v henb ]mT§Ä
\ÂIp¶p. Ah-\-hs\ tamln-¸n¡p¶ PohnX
e£y§fnte¡v DbÀs¯gt¶Â¡m³ Hmtcm
hmb\¡mc\pw Cu BßIY DuÀPamWv.

§-f‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. X‑m-c-s‑b k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â H‑m-c-§-
k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑n-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w ]T-\- f‑n H-ä-s‑¸-«‑p P‑o-h‑n-X‑w
s‑a-¶-X‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m- \-b‑n-¨ X‑m-c-b‑p-s‑S ]‑nÂ-
`‑y‑m-k-h‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å a‑p³-K- ¡‑m-e t‑\-«-§Ä ]‑p-X‑n-b
W-\-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-e-a‑p-d-¡‑v h-e‑n-b ]‑mT-§Ä
A-hÄ h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w X‑n-c- \Â-I‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w
s‑ª-S‑p-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I- h‑y-à‑n-\‑n-j‑vT-t‑a‑m G-s‑X-
a‑m-b A-h-f‑p-s‑S _-Ô-§-s‑f ¦‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-c‑p k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑p
A-X‑v a‑m-ä‑n-a-d‑n-¨‑p. C-S‑p-§‑n-b a‑m-{‑X‑w A-h-I‑m-i-s‑¸-«-t‑X‑m
N‑n-´‑m-K-X‑n-¡‑m-c‑m-b X-s‑â A-s‑Ã-¶‑v C-X‑n-s‑â H‑m-t‑c‑m
{‑K‑m-a‑o-W N‑p-ä‑p-]‑m-S‑n \‑n-¶‑v h-c‑n-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-h-c-b‑n-S‑p-¶‑p.
]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-a-\-]-c-a‑m-b I‑m-g‑v-N- A-h-\-h-s‑\ t‑a‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶
¸‑m-S‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w D-bÀ-¨-b‑n-t‑e- P‑o-h‑n-X e-£‑y-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v
¡‑p‑w I‑p-X‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-h-f‑p-s‑S D-bÀ-s‑¯-g-t‑¶Â-¡‑m³ H‑m-
P‑o-h‑n-X I-Y-I-f‑m-W‑v A-h- t‑c‑m h‑m-b-\-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w C‑u
k‑m-\ `‑m-K-§Ä I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑n B-ß-I-Y k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-s‑W-
]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. ¶-X‑v X‑oÀ-¨-b‑m-W‑v.

124 / Pq¬ / 2021

-sI. i-co-^v

\msamcn-¡-epw- Nn- §sf h-cn-ªp-ap-dp-¡p-¶-
´n-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯- Im- Xv. U-Â-ln-bn-epw- e-Iv-t\
cy-am-Wv Po-hhm-bp- e-`n- mhn-epw- Hm-Ivkn-P-³- In-
¡m-³- {]-bm-k-s¸Spsa¶-Xv. «msXbp-Å- Iq-«-a-c-W-
\n-§-fn-Xp- hm-bn-¡p-¶- Cu- §-Ä- -sR«n-¡p-¶-Xpw- -thZ-
\n-an-j-hpw- C-´y-bnse \n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xpw- am{- Xa- Ã- ,-
Nn-e- B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fn-Â- \½- psSs- bms- ¡ Dd- ¡- wsISp-
Po-h-hm-bp-hn-\p- -thïn- ¯p¶- X- pa- mb- n- amd- n.- Hm-
bp-Å- \n-Êlm-b- hn-em-]- IvknP- ³- - kwL- S- n¸- n¡- m³- -
§-Ä- D-b-cp¶p-ïm-h-Ww-. km[- pP- \- §- Ä- - Bi- p]- -
i-zm-k-saSp-¡m-\m-hmsX {XnI- Ä- ¡- p- ]pd- t¯¡v
I-®p-I-Ä- X-Ån- H-Sp-hn- kne- nï- d- pa- mb- n-
es¯ i-zm-k¯n-\m-bn- ]-c- t]mIp¶- - Img- vN.- Ah- -
¡w- Iq-«p-¶- B-fp-I-Ä-. cnÂ- - ]e- c- pw- Hg- nª- - kne- n-
A-h-cn-Â- Nn-esc¦n-epw- A-Xv ïd- pa- mb- n- Xnc- n¨- p- htcïn-
Im-c-Ww- Cu- -temI-¯p- \n- h¶- - I-Y-..-. -tImhn-Un-sâ
¶v hn-S-]-d-bp¶pap-ïm-hmw-. Cu- c-ïmw- hym-]-\w- A-{X-
bpw- k¦o-À-W-hpw- Xo-{h-hp-
Xo-£vW-am-b- H-cp- Im- am-b- A-\p-`-h-§-fp-am-Wv
e-am-Wv \-½psS ap-¶n- \-Â-In-b-Xv. A-Xn-Â- {]-[m-
ep-Å-Xv. I-Tn-\-am-b- ]-co- \w- -tIc-f-¯n-Â-
£-W-§-fp-am-bm-Wv -t]mepw- cq-£-am-Ip-¶- Hm-
Cu- -tImhn-UvIm-ew- P-\-
/ Pq¬ / 2021 125

Ivkn-P-³- £m-aw- Xs¶. bm-Ym-À-Yyw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-
Cu- \n-e- Xp-S-À-¶m-Â- C-\n- ªm-I-Ww- A-Sn-b-´-c-
bpta-sd-t¸À-¡v Po-h-³- L-«-¯nse {]-h-À-¯-\w-.
\-ãs¸Spsa¶ B-i-¦-bm- Kp-cp-X-c- {]-iv\-§-Ä-¡v
Wv a-\p-jy-kv-t\ln-Isf ]-cn-lm-cw- ImtWï- -thf-
B-i-¦m-Ip-e-cm-¡p-¶-Xv. bn H-«pw- A-am-´n-¨p- \n-Â-
¡msX cw-K-¯n-d-§-Ww-.
Cu- I-ã-km-l-N-cyw- ]-cn- -tImhn-Uv _m-[n-X-cpsS
l-cn-¡m-³- -sshIp-¶- Hmtcm F-®w- C-\n-bpw- D-b-À-¶m-
\n-an-j-¯n-\pw- a-\p-jy-Po- epw- B-h-iy-ap-Å- Hm-Ivkn-P-
h-sâ hn-e-bm-Wp-ÅsX¶v sâ £m-aw- D-ïm-bn-¡q-Sm-.
Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªp- -sImïm-Wv A-hnsS A-h-À- -sN¿s«,
sF- kn- F-^v -tIc-f-¯n-\v A-h-Às¡´p- ]-Wn- F-¶v
Po-h-hm-bp- \-Â-Ip-¶- ]-²-Xn- Nn-´n-¡p-¶-Xv -t]mepw- km-
bp-am-bn- apt¶m«ph-¶-Xv. aq-ly-hn-cp-²-am-hpw-. B-
]-²-Xn-bpsS {]-Jym-]-\w- L-«-¯n-em-Wv G-Xp- I-Tn-
{]-kvYm-\-¯n-sâ B-Z-c-Wo- \-km-l-N-cys¯bpw- -t\
b-cm-b- -t\Xr-X-zw- -ssiJp cn-Sm-³- -tIc-fw- kÀ-h-
-\m- kp-Â-¯m-\p-Â- D-e-a- k¶m-lt¯m-sS D-ïm-
F-]n- D-kvXm-Zpw- _-Zv-dp-Êm- I-Wsa¶- Nn-´-bn-Â-
Zm-¯v J-eo-Â- X-§-fpw- \n-À- \n-¶p-Å- sF- kn- F-^n-sâ
h-ln-¨- \n-an-jw- ap-X-Â- hn-fn- {]-kà-hpw- kam-\-
-tIc-fo-b- kaq-l-hpw- {]-hm- Ifn-Ãm-¯-Xp-am-Ip-¶-Xv.
kn-I-fpw- Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\ -tIc-f-¯nse \-½psS kv-
s¯ -s\-t©mSv -tNÀ-¯v t\l-P-\§tfmSp-Å- I-cp-X-
BtÇjn-¨-Xv A-Xn-sâ en-sâ `m-K-am-Wv. A-h
km-aq-ln-I- {]m-[m-\yw- - sc -tNÀ-¯p]n-Sn-¡p-¶- a-\p-
sImïv Xs¶bm-Wv. jy-X-z-¯n-sâ i-Ð-am-W
{]-h-À-¯\-§-fp-am-bn- cw-K- -Xv. B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fn-Â-\n-¶p-
¯n-d-§n-bt¸mgpw- AtX b-cp-¶- \n-Êlm-b- hn-em-]-
A-\p-`-h-am-Wv D-ïm-b-Xv. §-Ä-¡v, sF- kn-bp-hn-Â-
ku-Zn- A-Â- J-kow- sk³-{S- Po-h-hm-bp-hn-\p- -thïn-
ense -sImÃw- ap-«-bv¡m-hv ]n-S-bp-¶- a-\p-jy-cpsS A-h-
kztZin- a-³-kqÀ- km-ln-_n kvY-I-Ä- C-\n-bpw- -tIÄ-¡m-
sâ c-ïv -a-¡-fm-b- A-bni- \n-S-h-¶p-Iq-S-.
^m-¯n-a-bpw B-kn-b-
l-eo-a-bpw- Ip-«n-¡p-Sp-¡- A-Xnte¡p-Å- H-cp- I-cp-
bn-Â- kq£n-¨- Xp-«p-I-Ä- X-en-sâ Xp-S-¡-am-hs« sF-
ap-X-Â- {]-ap-J-À- \-Â-In-b- kn- F-^n-sâ Cu-
h-en-b- klm-bw- hsc B-"i-zm-kw-', ap-¼pw- Gsd
B- A-À-°-¯n-em-Wv hn-e-a- {]m-h-iyw- D-b-À-¯n-b- I-cp-X-
Xn-¡m-\m-hm-¯-Xpw-. en-sâ Xp-S-À-¨ bm-Wn-Xpw-.

126 / Pq¬ / 2021

a-c-X-I-Z-zo-]ns\
hn-«psImSp-¡-cp-Xv

]n- ]n- Pm-^-À- A-Ðp-À-d-low- bp-I-bpw- ]-I-cw- Z-zo-]nse
`q-{]-Ir-Xn-¡n-W-§n-b- Hm-
{]-[m-\-a-{´n-bm-bn- e-¡p-Sn-ep-I-Ä- D-Äs¸«-
cp-¶- Im-e-¯v I-zt«j-\p-I-Ä-¡v
1987 Â- cm-Po-hv am-{Xw- A-\p-a-Xn- \-Â-Ip-I-
Km-Ôn- e-£-Z-zo-]v kµ-À- bp-am-bn-cp-¶p-. {]-Ir-Xnsb
in-¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn-. _w-Km- -sXm«v XtemSn-bp-Å- hn-
cw- Z-zo-]n-sâ Sq-dn-kw- km- I-k\- {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fpsS
[y-X-I-Ä- a-\-Ên-em-¡n- ]-cn-Wn-X- ^-esa-t¶mf-am-
Nn-e- ]-²-Xn-I-fpw- A-¶v Wv -temIs¯ In-S-]n-Sn-
hn-`m-h-\w- -sNbvXn-cp-¶p-. ¡p-¶- Sq-dn-kw- -taJ-e-bm-bn-
h-³-In-S- -tIm¬-{Io-äv _w-Km-cw- Z-zo-]p-I-Ä- am-dn-b-
-sI«n-S-§-Ä- ]-Wn-bm- Xv. F-¶m-Â- Im-e-§-Ä-¡n-
\p-Å- ]-²-Xn-I-fpsS ¸p-dw- {]-Ir-Xn- at\m
I-zt«j-³- -t]¸-dp-I-Ä- A-¶v
cm-Po-hv Km-Ôn- h-ens¨dn- / Pq¬ / 2021 127

l-cn-X- -sImïv A-\p-{K-lo- hm-À- A-Uvan-\n-kv-t{Säsd
X-am-b- e-£-Z-zos]¶- a-c-X- -tNmZyw- -sN¿p-¶-hsc -t\
I-Z-zo-]ns\ \n-À-Zm-£n-Wyw- cn-Sm-³- Kp-ïm- B-Îpw- \-S-¸m-
\m-am-htij-am-¡m-\p- ¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
Å- Ip-Sn-e- X-{´-§-Ä- -sa\-
bp-¶- Xn-c-¡n-em-Wv ]-cn-hm-c- ]-hn-g-¸p-äp-I-fpsS
`-c-W-Iq-Sw-. h-³- -tiJ-cw- Iq-Sn-bm-b-
e-£-Z-zo-]v hn-e-a-Xn-¡m-
{]-[m-\-a-{´n- \tc{µ \m-Im-¯- h-c-Zm-\-am-Wv.
tamZn-bpsS hn-i-z-kvX- `q-an-bn-Â- a-\p-jy-hm-kap-Å-
\pw- ap-³- Kp-P-dm-¯v B-`y- Z-zo-]p-I-Ä- h-fsc Ip-d-hm-Wv.
´-c- a-{´n-bp-am-b- {]- -A-d-_n-¡-S-en-Â- kvYn-Xn-
^p-Â- -tJmUm- ]t«Â- -sN¿p-¶- e-£-Z-zo-]v \q-äm-ïp-
A-Uvan-\n-kv-t{Sä-dm-bn- Np- I-fm-bn- P-\-hm-kap-Å- Z-zo-]
a-X-etbätXm-sSbm-Wv m-Wv. A-d-bv¡-Â- hw-i-¯n-\v
k´p-ã-cm-bn- Po-hn-¡p-¶- kv{Xo-[-\-am-bn- e-`n-¨-Xm-Wv
Z-zo-]vhm-kn-I-Ä-¡v -t\-sc e-£-Z-zos]¶v N-cn-{X-Im-c-
A-\m-h-iy- \ntcm[-\-§-fpw- ·m-À-¡n-S-bn-Â- A-`n-{]m-
]p-Xn-b- Xo-cp-am-\-§-fpw- b-ap-ïv. A-d-_n-¡-S-en-Â- In-
A-Snt¨Â-¸n-¡m-³- Xp- S-¡p-¶- Z-zo-]- kaq-l-§sf
S-§n-b-Xv. `o-cp-X-zw- Iq- X-§-fpsS A-[o-\-X-bn-Â-
S-¸n-d-¸m-b- kw-L-]-cn- -sImïp-h-cm-\msb

128 / Pq¬ / 2021

\m-Sns\ \-in-¸n-¨psIm@v hntZi- \m-Wyw- -t\Sm-\p-
Å- H-cp-hn-[-¯n-ep-Å- X-cn-In-S- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpw- Z-zo-]v
hm-kn-I-Ä- Iq-«p-\n-Â-¡nsö-Xv Xo-À-¨-bm-Wv. B- Xo-
À-¨-bpsS A-S-bm-fs¸Sp-¯-em-Wv e-£-Z-zo-]v C-¶pw-
A-Xn-kp-µ-c-am-bn- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶-Xpw-.

¶-Xv A-d-bv¡-Â- cm-P-hw- \m-Sn-sâ Hmtcm hn-I-
i-¯n-sâ {]-[m-\- -t\«- k\-hpw- B- {]tZi-¯v
am-Wv. -tIc-f-¯nse Po-hn-¡p-¶- P-\-§-fpsS
G-I- ap-kvenw- cm-P-hw-i- Iq-Sn- C-ã-§-Äs¡m¸-
am-b- A-d-bv¡-Â- cm-Pm-¡- am-bn-cn-¡-Ww-. P-\m-
³-am-À- [-À-a-]-«-Wsa¶-dn- `n-em-j-w- am-\n-¡m-¯-
bs¸«n-cp-¶- [-À-a-S-¯n-cp-¶v H-cp- hn-I-k\-hpw- P-\
G-gn-a-e- ap-X-Â- [-À-a-Sw- t£a- hn-I-k\-¯n-Âs]
hscbp-Å- I-®q-À- `-cn-¨n- Sp-¯m-\m-In-Ã-. \m-Sn-sâ
cp-¶- Im-e-¯v Xs¶ am-e- hn-I-k\-§sfÃmw- B- P-\-
Z-zo-]pw- e-£-Z-zo-]pw- hn-e-¡v X-bpsS ]ptcmK-Xn-¡v \n-Zm-
hm-§n-b-Xm-bn-cn-¡msa¶- \-amtIï-Xp-ïv. hn-I-k\
Du-l-hpw- N-cn-{X-Im-c-³-am-À- sa¶- -t]cn-Â- P-\t{Zml-
¡n-S-bn-ep-ïv. \-b-§-Ä- \-S-¸m-¡n- P-\-§sf
Ip-Sn-bn-d-¡m-\p-Å- Ip-Sn-e-
e-£-Z-zo-]v kw-L-]-cn- X-{´-§-fm-Wv e-£-Z-zo-
hm-dn-sâ I-®nse I-c- ]n-Â- A-ct§dns¡mïn-
Sm-Im-³- Im-c-Ww- \q-dv cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xn-\m-em-Wv
i-X-am-\w- ap-kvenw-I-Ä- am- Xp-S-¡-¯n-Â- Xs¶ P-\-
{Xw- h-kn-¡p-¶- kam- §-fpsS Po-ht\m]m-[n-
[m-\-hpw- k´p-ãn- \-ãs¸Sp-¯m-³- `-c-W-Iq-
bpw- ap-J-ap-{Z-bm-b- {] Sw- hy-{K-X- Iq-«p-¶-Xv. F-kv
tZisa¶- \n-e-bn-Â- am-{X- Sn- hn-`m-K-¯n-Âs¸Sp-¶-
am-Ipw-. Z-zo-]vhm-kn-I-fpsS e-£-Z-zo-]p-Im-À-¡v ap-
sF-Iy-hpw- kam-[m-\-hpw- ³- kÀ-¡m-cn-Â- \n-¶v
-sISp-¯n- A-im-´n- hn-f- e-`n-¨n-cp-¶- B-\p-Iq-ey-
bp-¶- asämcp- D-¯tc´y- §sfÃmw- H-ä-b-Sn-¡v \n-À-
kr-ãn-¡m-\m-Wv {]-^p-Â- ] ¯n- Po-hn-X- am-À-Kw- X-S-Ê-
t«en-sâ ]p-d-¸m-Sn-\v s¸Sp-¯m-\m-Wv \o-¡w-.
]n-¶n-ep-Å- A-P-ïsb¶v Z-zo-]nse kÀ-¡m-À- Po-
C-´y-bpsS h-À-¯-am-\- h-\-¡msc Ip-d-¨pw- Xm-
km-l-N-cyw- a-\-Ên-em-¡n- XvIm-en-I- Po-h-\-¡msc ]
b-h-À-¡v kp-hy-à-am-bn- n-cn-¨p-hn-«pw-
-t_m[ys¸Spw-.
/ Pq¬ / 2021 129

{]-[m-\- h-cp-am-\- am-À-K- c-S-§p-¶- I-½-än- Aw-Ko-I-
am-b- £o-c- -taJ-esb cn-¨m-Â- am-{Xta -tcmKnsb
X-I-À-¯pw- a-Õys¯mgn- am-äm-hqsh¶m-Wv ]p-Xn-b-
em-fn-Isf D-]-{Z-hn-¨pw- \n-b-aw-. C-Xns\Xnsc -tIc-f-
\m-fntIc- D-Xv]m-Z-\-¯n-\v -ssl-t¡mS-Xn- hsc hn-i-Zo-
X-S-bn-«pw- P-\-§sf ]-«n-Wn- I-c-Ww- -tXSn-bn-«p-ïv.
bn-em-¡m-\p-Å- \o-¡-§-fm-
Wv B-Zy-L-«sa¶- \n-e-bn-Â- -tKmh-[- \ntcm[w-,
A-ct§dp-¶-Xv. Z-zo-]n-Â- a-Zyw- e-`y-am-
¡-Â- Xp-S-§n-b-h-bpw-
-sImhn-Uv am-\-Z-WvU-§- \-S-¸m-¡n- h-cp-¶p-ïv.
Ä-¡v C-f-hv {]-Jym-]n-¨v Pn-Ãm- ]-©m-b-¯n-sâ
Z-zo-]n-Â- -sImhn-Uv hym-]- A-[n-Im-c- ]-cn-[n-bn-Â-
\w- \-S-¯n-b-Xn-\v ]n-¶mse h-cp-¶- hn-Zym-`ym-kw-,
F-b-À- Bw-_p-e-³-kv h-gn- BtcmKyw-, Ir-jn-, a-Õy-
e-£-Z-zo-]nse -tcmKn-Isf _-Ô-\w-, ar-K-kw-c-£-
A-Sn-b-´-c- Nn-In-Õ¡m-bn- Ww- Xp-S-§n-b-hsbm-s¡
-sIm¨n-bn-Â- F-¯n-¡p-¶- A-Uvan-\n-kv-t{Sä-dpsS
Xn-\pw- `-c-W-Iq-Sw- \n-b-{´- Io-gn-em-¡n- G-Im-[n-]-Xy-
W-§-Ä- ]p-ds¸Sp-hn-¸n-¨-Xv `-c-W-¯n-\p-Å- {i-a-hpw-
Po-h-³- -sh¨v ]-´m-Sm-\m-Wv. \-S-¡p-¶p-. ]-e- -taJ-e-
Nn-In-Õn-¡p-¶- -tUmÎ-À- I-fpw- ]-©m-b-¯n-sâ
B-h-iys¸«m-epw- \m-ep- -t] A-[o-\-X-bn-Â- \n-¶v am-äp-I-

130 / Pq¬ / 2021

bpw- A-Uvan-\n-kv-t{Sä-À- -t\ ¡nb- sX¦nÂ- - {]^- pÂ- - ]
cn-«v \-S-¸m-¡p-I-bpw- -sN¿p- t«Â- kz´- w- XmX- ]v c- y§- Ä- -
¶- co-Xn- ]-©m-b-¯v cm-Pv AS- nt¨Â¸- n¨- v Zz- o]- v P\- -
\n-b-a-¯ns\Xn-cm-Wv. Xsb s- R¡- ns¡mÃpI- b- mW- .v
X\- X- mb- - `q{- ]I- rX- n- CÃ- mb- av -
cm-Pyw- H-cp- a-lm-am-cnsb s- NbXv psImïpÅ- - Hc- p- hnI- -
-t\cn-«psImïn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn- k\h- pw- Zz- o]- v P\- X- - B{- Kl- n-
\n-S-bn-em-Wv e-£-Z-zo-]nse ¡p¶- nÃ- .-
P-\-Xsb -th«-bm-Sn- kw-L-
]-cn-hm-dn-sâ A-P-ï- \-S-¸m- \o-e-bn-Â- Ip-Xn-À-¶-
¡m-³- -tamZn-bpw- Iq-«-cpw- A-d-_n-¡-S-en-sâ Hm-c-¯v
{i-an-¨psImïn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. -Xn-§n-\n-d-ª- ]-¨-¸pw-
Ir-Xy-am-b- ]-T-\-§-fn-Ãm-¯- a-W-Â- Xo-À-¯- ip-
hn-I-k\-§-fm-Wv e-£-Z-zo- {`- Xo-c-hpsam-s¡bm-
]n-Â- \-S-¯m-\p bn- ku-µ-cy-¯n-sâ
t±in-¡p-¶-Xv. Z-zo-]v hm-kn- A-Xp-ey- {]-u-Vntbm-sS
I-Ä- H-¶-S-¦w- C-¯-cw- hn- \n-esImÅp-¶- e-£-Z-zo-
I-k\-§-Äs¡Xn-cmsW¶v ] v A-XpsImïm-Wv
-t_m[ys¸«n-«pw- `-c-W-Iq- hntZin-I-fpsS -t]m epw-
Sw- -tkzOm-[n-]-Xy- \n-e-]m-Sv C-ãtI{µ-am-Ip-¶-X.v
Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. Cu- ]-¨-¸pw- I-S-Â- Xo-c-
hpsaÃmw- A-Xpt]m-se
t- \cs¯bpï- mb- n- \n-e-\n-À-¯n- Po-hn-X- \n-e-
cp¶- - AU- av n\- nkt-v {SäÀ- - hm-cw- D-b-À-¯p-¶- ]-²-Xn-
amscÃmw- Zz- o]- v hmk- nI- f- psS I-Ä- am-{Xta Z-zo-]hv m-kn-I-Ä-
A`- ne- mj- §- Ä- s¡m¯m- B-{K-ln-¡p-¶p-Åq-.
Wv ]c- nj- Iv mc- §- Ä- - \S- ¸- m-
/ Pq¬ / 2021 131

GsXmcp- `-c-W-Iq-S-¯n- -sImïv e-£-Z-zo-]n-ep-
sâbpw- hn-I-k\- A-P ïm-Im-³- A-\p-h-Zn-¡-cp-
-ï-I-Ä- \m-Sn-sâ ]ptcm X.v F-¶pw- -tIc-fs¯
K-Xn-bm-I-Ww-. A-Xv amtdmSptNÀ-¯- e-£-Z-zo-
A-hn-Ss¯ a-®ns\ ] v P-\-Xsb Cu- A-k¶n-
bpw- a-\p-jys\bpw- -sXm«- K[v - L-«-¯n-Â- -tIc-f-hpw-
dn-ªm-I-Ww-. I-S-¶p-I-b- -tNÀ-¯p-]n-Sn-¡-Ww-.
ä-§-Ä- H-cp-\n-e-¡pw- A-\p-
h-Zn-¨p-Iq-Sm-. {]-Ir-Xnsb C-{X-bpw- \n-jIv -f-¦-cpw-
\-in-¸n-¡m-³- -sRmSn-bn-S- \m-Sns\ A-Sp-¯-dn-ª-h-
bn-Â- km-[nt¨¡pw-. ]t£ cp-am-b- Z-zo-] v hm-kn-Isf
\-ãs¸«-Xv Xn-cns¨Sp-¡m-³- -tIÄ-¡m-¯- H-cp- hn-I-k\-
H-cn-¡-epw- I-gnsª¶v hpw- B- \m-Sns\ apt¶m«p-
h-cn-Ã-. {]-Ir-Xn- hn-`-h-§- \-bn-¡n-Ã-. \m-Sns\
fm-Â- kar-²-am-b- -tIc- \-in-¸n-¨psImïv hntZi-
fw- C-¶v {]-Ir-Xn- Zp-c-´-§- \m-Wyw- -t\Sm-\p-Å- H-cp-hn-
fpsS -tI{µ-am-bn- am-dn-b-Xv [-¯n-ep-Å- X-cn-In-S- ]-cn-]
]p-g-bpw- ]-Ýn-a-L-«-hpw- m-Sn-I-fpw- Z-zo-] v hm-kn-I-Ä-
]-¨-¸psam-s¡ \mw- Hmtcmcp- Iq-«p-\n-Â-¡nsö-Xv Xo-
¯-cpw- \-in-¸n-¨-Xn-sâ À-¨-bm-Wv. B- Xo-À-¨-bpsS
]-cn-Wn-X-^-e-am-W.v A-S-bm-fs¸Sp-¯-em-Wv
Cusbmcp- Zp-c-h-kYv - `-c-W- e-£-Z-zo-]v C-¶pw- A-Xn-kp-µ-
Iq-S-¯n-sâ ]n-Sn-hm-in- c-am-bn- \n-e-\n-Â-¡p-¶-Xpw-.

132 / Pq¬ / 2021

KIDS CORNER

ASMA AMRIN, East Coast School, Khorphakan FATHIMA HANNA, Nims sharjah

FATHIMA LIYANA, alif international school Riyadh THAMEEM THAHA, The Model School, Abudhabi

MUHAMMED RAIHAN, Al ameer English School REJA HAMZA, St marys fujairah

FATHIMA PV UAQ AYSHA REEHA
Markaz aweer madrassa, Ras alkhor

/ Pq¬ / 2021 133

Hky¯v kplv-d ]Sn¸pc, Icphmc¡pïv

s]«s¶mcp Znhkw Rm³ "icn¡pw Hä¡mhp¶tÃm'
acn¨pt]msb¶dnªm Fs¶mcp hn§Â
F{X Xnc¡nembmepw DÅn hne§Sn¡pw.
\o hcmXncn¡cpXv... "DÅp s]mÅp¶ thZ\IÄ
A¶phsc XcmsX ]Ips¯Sp¡m\pw,
\o IcpXnsh¨ DÅw hnd¡pt¼msgms¡
kvt\lsams¡bpw apdpsI¸nSn¡m\pw
XWp¯ s\änbnsem- C\nsb\n¡mcpsï¶v'
scmäbp½bmbn Hcn¡se¦nepw \nsâ
F¶ntes¡mgp¡Ww. a\Êv tX§mXncn¡nÃ..
"IqS¸ndt¸ au\w adp]Snbmb
Rm\nXm h¶p' F¶v t^m¬ hnfnIfnÂ
sNhnbn sasødbWw. Nph¸Sbmfw hs¨mcp
"Xnc¡pIÄ amänh¨v Øncw \¼dn \n¶v
Fsâ Ip«n h¶tÃm' F¶v Hcn¡Â¡qSnsbmcp
Rm\t¸mÄ hÃmsX hnfn hs¶¦nse¶v
Al¦cn¡pambncn¡pw! A¶mZyambn \o B{Kln¡pw...
AXphsc \ns¶ Ahkm\ ImgvNbnte¡v
F¶n \n¶Iänb £Wn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ
hminIsfÃmw "s]mt¶'sbs¶mcp
B \nanjw \ns¶bpt]£n¨v kvt\lhnfn
Cd§nt¸mbn«pïmIpatÃm... \nsâbpÅnencp¶mÀ¯e¡pw!
\ns¶s¸mXnªp\n¶
kvt\l¯nsâ-, IcpXensâ,
{]mÀ°\IfpsS HcmhcWw
s]s«¶enªpt]mbXv
At¸mÄ am{XamIpw
\n\¡\p`hs¸SpI.
NnesXms¡
A§s\bmWtÃm;
CÃmXmhpt¼mÄ am{Xw
F{X hnes¸«Xmbncp¶p
F¶v Xncn¨dnbp¶h!

134 / Pq¬ / 2021