Prosiding II International Symposium “Innovations in Life Sciences” (ILS 2020)

Photodecolourization of congo red dye in presence of Ni3+ layered double hydroxide Irina Ryltsova*, Evgenia Tarasenko, Olga Lebedeva Institute of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biology, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia Abstract. Layered double hydroxide containing Ni3+ (Mg/AlNi-LDH) was successfully synthesized by coprecipitation in an oxidizing media. The resulted product was characterized using X-ray diffraction, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The activity of Mg/AlNi-LDH in the process of photodegradation of Congo red dye using UV light irradiation was evaluated. The initial rate of photodegradation of the dye in the presence of LDH is 1.6 times higher than that of UV irradiated solution. The kinetic data obtained for photodegradation process can be adequately described by pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The presence of Mg/AlNi – LDH leads to increased photodegradation yield compared to destruction only by UV irradiation. 1 Introduction Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) also known as hydrotalcite-like compounds are natural or synthetic layered materials. LDHs consist of positively charged metal hydroxide layers with a brucite-like structure and anions located in the interlayer space and compensating the excessive positive charge of the layers. The interlayer space also contains water molecules, which are involved in stabilizing the structure of LDH. The general formula for compounds of this class is [1− 2+ 3+()2 ] +(/ − ) ∙ 2, were M2+ and M3+ are divalent and trivalent cations, An is the interlayer inorganic or organic anion. The nature of metal cations and interlayer anions as well as molar ratio M2+/M3+ can be varied in a wide range, and that ability allows to obtain materials with given physical and chemical properties [1]. LDHs find applications for removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions [2,3], as catalysts and catalyst precursors [4,5], as drug delivery systems [6]. One of the promising directions is the synthesis of LDH exhibiting photoactivity for purification of wastewater from organic pollutants by exposure to radiation in the visible or UV region of light [7]. Several publications describe high photocatalytic activity of Zncontaining LDHs and the products of their thermal decomposition for the degradation of organic dyes under UV-irradiation [8-10]. Wei et al. reported the family of MCr–LDHs (M=Cu, Ni, Zn) to exhibit pronounced photocatalytic activity in the process of dyes and phenols degradation under visible light irradiation [11]. In the present study photodegradation of Congo red dye in the presence of LDH containing Ni3+ in hydrotalcite matrix is described. The assumption concerning the activity of the compounds containing Ni3+ in the process of dyes degradation is based on the known fact that nickel oxide exhibits photocatalytic activity. E.g. Zhao et al. reported that that doping with Ni2O3 improves the photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide in the degradation of trichlorophenol, 2,4- dichlorophenol, and sodium benzoate [12]. Recently Shaban et al. showed Ni2O3 supported on MCM-48 to be an effective photocatalyst for degradation of Congo red dye [13]. The degradation in the presence of Ni2O3/MCM-48 increased comparing to the degradation using bulk Ni2O3. 2 Experimental Mg/AlNi-LDH was synthesized by precipitation from solution at room temperature at variable pH as described in ref. [14]. The degree of substitution of aluminum cations for nickel in the hydrotalcite structure specified during the synthesis was 25 at. %. Nitrates Mg(NO3)2∙6H2O, Al(NO3)3∙9H2O and Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O were used as metals sources. The starting reaction mixture consisted of appropriate amounts of metal salts dissolved in distilled water while the total concentration of metal ions being 1 M. The molar ratio of the ions in the solutions of metal salts (M2+:M3+) was 3:1. Precipitant solution containing NaOH and Na2CO3 was added dropwise to the metal salts solution until pH reached 9- 10. Ni2+ was oxidized into Ni3+ during the synthesis by sodium hypochlorite. The resulting precipitate was aged at room temperature for 24 h and then at 98°С for 48 h. After that, the sample was washed with distilled water and dried at 120°C. The chemical composition of synthesized sample was determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry on a spectrometer ARL PerformX (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with 2.5 kW Rh tube. The WDXRF experiment was carried out using 0.2 g of sample pressed into a disk with boric acid after heat treatment at 600°C for 1 hour. Analysis of the results was performed using UniQuant program. *Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02010 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002010 ILS 2020

The phase composition of the synthesized sample was determined by X-ray phase analysis on a Rigaku diffractometer with CuKα radiation (λ =1,5406Ǻ) in the range 2θ = 5 - 75°. The data were collected with a scan step 2θ = 0.02°/step and a scan rate 2θ = 3°/min. The investigation of the kinetic of Congo red dye adsorption was performed by inserting 20 mg of the synthesized Mg/AlNi-LDH into 10 ml 0.05 mmol/L of dye solution for different time intervals from 2 to 60 min. The photodegradation experiments were conducted under UV irradiation using photolysis chamber VOLTA FK-12M equipped with a 1000 W mercury lamp, the radiation flux of which lied in the spectrum range of 240- 320 nm. The effect of contact time on the degradation of Congo red dye was investigated by mixing 20 mg of Mg/AlNi-LDH with 10 ml 0.05 mmol/L of Congo red solution for different time intervals from 2 to 60 min. For comparison, a similar experiment was performed in the absence of LDH. In both types of experiments (sorption and photodegradation) the residual dye solutions were centrifuged and collected for analysis. The concentration of the dye in solutions was determined spectrophotometrically using a SPECORD 50 instrument, registering the optical density of the solutions at 500 nm. 3 Results and discussion The synthetic Mg/AlNi-LDH exhibited the typical XRD peaks of highly crystalline layered double hydroxides [1]. Analysis of diffraction pattern (Fig 1.) confirmed that the sample was a single-phase product with hydrotalcite-like structure. Based on the data of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis and the general formula of LDH, the following semi-empirical formula of the synthesized sample can be proposed: Mg0.692Al0.297Ni0.011(OH)2(CO3)0.154⸱nH2O. The experimental ratio of metal cations for synthesized sample slightly differs from that in starting solution. This difference may be due to the difference in radii and electronegativity of Al3+ and Ni3+ and due to the presence of the oxidizing agent (NaClO) during the synthesis. The photodegradation of Congo red dye was chosen to test the photoactivity of the Mg/AlNi – LDH. The kinetic curves of photodegradation of Congo red in the presence of Mg/AlNi – LDH and without it are shown in Fig. 2. For comparison, the kinetic curve of sorption in the same time interval is shown. The initial rate of sorption and photodegradation was determined by selecting an empirical equation describing the kinetic curves, followed by differentiation (Table I). As follows from the data presented in Fig. 2 and in Table I, the introduction of LDH into dye solution leads to an increase in the rate and conversion of the Congo red dye. Fig. 1. X-ray diffraction pattern of Mg/AlNi – LDH. Fig. 2. (А) Kinetic curve of adsorption of Congo red dye on Mg/AlNi - LDH and kinetic curves of photodegradation of Congo red dye in the presence of LDH and without it; (B) Images of residual dye solutions after adsorption and after photodegradation during 60 min. After irradiation for 60 min, about 76% of the Congo red was decolorized without LDH, while this value increased to 93% by adding Mg/AlNi – LDH. Dye removal by adsorption was only about 14% for the same time period. The kinetic behavior was estimated utilizing common kinetic model of pseudo-first order (Lagergren model). Kinetic data in the coordinates of the pseudo-first-order model are shown in Fig. 3. The kinetics appears to fit this model with high R2 values (table I). According to the conventional opinion, the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation involves the following main steps: adsorption of the dye on the catalyst surface, absorption of the light by the catalyst and charge transfer reactions. Shaban et al. [13] proposed the mechanism including the generation of positive holes (photogenerated holes, ℎ + ) and the hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalytic process upon irradiation of MCM48/Ni2O3. The radicals can be active oxidizing agents for degradation of Congo red (Eqs. 1-4): − 48⁄23 + ℎ ⟶ − 48⁄23 (ℎ + ) (1) − 48⁄23 (ℎ + ) + 2 ⟶ ⟶ − 48⁄23 + + + ⋅ (2) − 48⁄23 (ℎ + ) + +⋅ ⟶ ⟶ (3) ⋅ + +⋅ ⟶ (4) 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02010 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002010 ILS 2020

Fig. 3. Pseudo-first-order kinetic plotting of adsorption data and photodegradation. Table 1. Analysis of Kinetic Data on sorption and photodegradation of Congo Red Sample W0, mmol/(L⸱min ) R2 of empirical equation describin g the kinetic curves k, (min-1 ) pseudo -firstorder kinetic s R2 of pseudo -firstorder kinetic s sorption 5.0⸱10-5 1.0000 0.0027 0.9876 UV 1.0⸱10-3 0.9992 0.0268 0.9939 UV+LD H 1.6⸱10-3 0.9996 0.0584 0.9879 However, the reference [13] does not contain any information on the oxidation state of nickel in the catalyst after the oxidation process. It should be noted that during the oxidation of Congo red in the presence of Mg/AlNi - LDH under the UV irradiation, the LDH sample changed its color from black to green. This may indicate the reduction of nickel (Ni3+→ Ni2+) during the photodegradation of the dye. Thus, we can assume that Mg/AlNi - LDH in this case acts as an oxidizing agent, which is activated by light irradiation. 4 Conclusion Mg/AlNi - LDH was synthesized by co-precipitation in an oxidizing media. Mg/AlNi - LDH is active in the process of Congo red dye destruction under the UV irradiation. The initial rate of the process of the dye destruction under UV light illumination in the presence of Mg/AlNi - LDH is 1.6 times higher than without it. The kinetic data obtained for photodegradation process well pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Using Mg/AlNi – LDH increased photoconversion from 76% (without LDH) to 93 % (with LDH). References 1. F. Cavani, F. Trifiró, A. Vaccari, Catal. Today, 11, 173–301 (1991) 2. R. Lafi, K. Charradi, M.A. Djebbi, A.B.H. Amara, A. Hafiane, “27(1), 232–237 (2016) 3. K.-H. Goh, T.-T. Lim, Z. Dong, Water Res., 42, 1343 – 1368 (2008) Catal. Surv. Asia., 12, 253–265 (2008) 4. D. Tichit, F. Fajula, “Layered double hydroxides as solid base catalysts and catalyst precursors,” in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Kiricsi, G. Pál-Borbély, J.B. Nagy, H.G. Kargepp, (Eds. Elsevier, 1999) 5. B. Li, J. He, D.G. Evans, X. Duan, Appl. Clay Sci., 27, 199– 207 (2004) 6. S. Iguchi, K. Teramura, S. Hosokawa, T. Tanaka, “Application of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) in Photocatalysis,” in Nanostructured Photocatalysts, Nanostructure Science and (Eds. Springer Nature, 2016) 7. E.M. Seftela, E. Popovici, M. Mertens, K. De Witte, G. Van Tendeloo, P. Cool, E.F. Vansant, Microporous and Mesoporous Mater., 113, 296–304 (2008) 8. K. Abderrazek, F.S. Najoua, E. Srasra, Appl. Clay Sci., 119, 229–235 (2016) 9. Z. Zhang, Z. Hua, J. Lang, Y. Song, Q. Zhang, Q. Han, H. Fan, M. Gao, X. Li, J. Yang Cryst. Eng. Comm, 21(31), 4607–4619 (2019) 10. Y. Zhao, S. Zhang, B. Li, H. Yan, S. He, L. Tian, W. Shi, J. Ma, M. Wei, D. G. Evans, X. Duan, Chem. Eur. J., 17, 13175–13181 (2011) 11. W. Zhao, W. Ma, C. Chen, J. Zhao, Z. Shuai, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(15), 4782–4783 (2004) 12. M. Shaban, M. R. Abukhadra, A. Hamd, photocatalyst for Congo red dye removal,” Clean. Techn. Environ. Policy., 20, 1–16 (2017) 13. I.G. Ryltsova, O.V. Nestroinaya, O.E. Lebedeva, F. Schroeter, F. Roessner, J. Solid. State. Chem., 265, 332–338 (2018) 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02010 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002010 ILS 2020

Efficiency of application in diets of high-productive cows of Actisaf SC 47 Alexander Aristov1* , Lidia Esaulova1 , Nikolay Zuev1 , and Natalya Gorbunova2 1Voronezh state agrarian University. Peter. Voronezh, Russia 2Belgorod State National Research University. Belgorod, Russia Abstract. The paper discusses the technology of growing, keeping and feeding dairy cows in the conditions of Zolotaya Niva LLC, one of the largest high-tech dairy complex in the Smolensk region, a European type for the production of raw cow milk, which has the status of pedigree producer. The structure of the feed and the quality of mixing are determined by means of the Pennsylvania sorting system, the level of feed on the sieves is in line with the normative. The results of the production experiment on feeding dairy cows with Actisaf Sc 47, which has a probiotic effect, indicate better digestibility of the feed when the additive is introduced, the use of the drug contributes to: reducing ketone bodies in milk, the beneficial effect of improved feeding, by including yeast on the health of animals, improving the health of the udder, manifested in a decrease in somatic cells in milk. The milk yield with the use of the additive is increased, the milk protein is also increased, since its absorption in the rumen is improved. With the use of additives, the appetite and eatability of the feed improves, so in the group before feeding the probiotic, the percentage of feed residue on the feed table is higher than in the experiment. Dry matter intake is 4.32% higher when feeding supplements, while feed conversion is increased. Saving feed costs per 1 kg of milk is 0.97 rubles. Saving feed costs per year for a livestock of 1800 animals will amount to 523,800 rubles. 1 Introduction Dairy farming ranks third in terms of production intensity after poultry and pig breeding in the Russian Federation. Great importance is attached to the quality of dairy products in the markets of various levels. This indicator is determined by various factors, including the level and quality of feeding. In the correction of the last one, feed additives play an important role. Livestock is considered one of the most profitable industries and needs quality feed and supplements to meet its nutrient needs. In addition, these feeds must be of high quality for a wide range of their indicators, such as the presence of nutrients, vitamins, macro- and microelements, amino acids, as well as the absence or minimization of harmful and toxic substances. However, a large number of crops are exposed to toxigenic fungi that produce mycotoxins that are harmful to the health of both animals and humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a new probiotic feed additive on feed digestibility, the content of ketone bodies in milk, udder health, manifested in a decrease in somatic cells in milk, appetite and feed intake. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: 1. Examine the level of feeding of cows; 2. Conduct research on the level of ketone bodies and their derivatives in the body of cows; 3. To study the effect of the feed additive Actisaf Sc 47 on the productivity of cows, the level of ketone bodies, biological and technological properties of milk. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Experimental The experiment on feeding the additive Actisaf Sc 47 was carried out by the method of groups - periods. The experiment involved 166 cows from the 14th day of lactation. The studies were carried out in the control group without the use of probiotics. Then the results were evaluated in the experimental one 18 days after the application of the probiotic and twice more with an interval of five days. The next study was carried out 36 days after the end of feeding the probiotic (control 2). The drug was introduced into the diets of dairy cows in the amount of 5 grams per head per day, at a cost of 1 kg of yeast for wholesale buyers 630 rubles per kilogram, the price per head per day will be: 1000 g - 630 rubles (1) 5 g - x rub (2) X = 3.15 rubles (3) During the experiment, the following indicators were determined: feed digestibility, determination of the level of beta-hydroxybutyric acid, determination of somatic cells in milk, milk productivity and the qualitative composition of milk, consumption of dry matter of the diet. 3 Results and discussions The research was carried out at Zolotaya Niva LLC. This is a high-tech dairy complex of European type with its own feed base for the production of raw cow's milk - one of the largest in the Smolensk region. The enterprise has the status of a pedigree breeding unit. The loose housing of livestock is used on the farm. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02011 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002011 ILS 2020

The herd was formed at the expense of Holstein-Friesian heifers purchased in Europe and the USA. After calving, the first food for the calf is colostrum (it needs to be drunk within 30 minutes). Colostrum quality is checked before soldering using a refractometer. A high Brix value means good colostrum. Good colostrum should contain at least 22%. The next dairy feed after colostrum is pasteurized milk 3 liters x 3 r per day. Along with milk, they begin feeding granular pre-starter compound feed from Trouw Nutrition. The farm uses corn silage, grass haylage, rolled corn grain as the main forage for feeding dairy cows. Concentrated feed is fed in the form of a compound feed - a concentrate, which includes dry granulated beet pulp, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, corn gluten, chalk, soda, salt, palm fat, targeted premix for dairy cows, blood meal, fungisorb adsorbent, urea and syrup. The feed is mixed in a mixer wagon and distributed in the form of fully mixed feed mixtures on the feed table. Determination of the structure of feed and the quality of mixing is carried out according to the Pennsylvania sorting system (table 1) [1]. Analyzing the data in the table, we note that the level of feed on the sieves corresponds to the standard. Deviation from the norm is observed only in the first sieve, this can be explained by the addition of green mass and large granules of dry beet pulp. An excess on the top sieve is allowed, provided that the feed is well eaten. It is also possible to indicate the homogeneity of the feed, the percentage of differences between sample 1 and sample 2 does not exceed 4.4% and is noted on the upper sieve. A production experiment on feeding dairy cows with Actisaf Sc 47 additive was carried out on the farm. Actisaf Sc 47 is a thermo-stable concentrate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae live yeast. The specialists of the Lesaffre group selected this strain 30 year ago specifically for animal feeding. When feeding cattle, live yeast accelerates the synthesis of free fatty acids and reduces the ammonia content in the rumen, creates an anaerobic environment in the rumen, which promotes the growth of cellulolytic bacteria that process lactic acid. This process allows you to control the pH level, stimulates the scar microflora to better digest the coarse lignified fiber of bulky, poor quality feed, such as straw. Allows you to get more energy from bulk feed, available for milk production or gaining weight gain [2]. Digestibility of feed - by means of washing the manure on sieves (table 2). It can be seen from Table 2 that fewer whole grains were observed in the test samples than in the control. The total residue on the sieves in the test samples was less than in the control, while with an increase in the duration of the experiment, the remainder of the feed on the sieves decreased, which indicates a better digestibility of feed [3]. Determining the level of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-hydroxybutyrate) in milk is an effective tool for detecting elevated ketone body levels in cows. Ketosis occurs when the concentration of BOMA increases. The results of the analysis of milk by test strips for betahydroxybutyrate are presented in Table 3. The data in the table show that the minimum level of ketone bodies is recorded in the milk of animals at the early stage of lactation, the maximum amount is recorded at the peak of productivity, but the use of the drug helps to reduce ketone bodies. One of the main reasons for the increase in the content of somatic substances in milk is mastitis [4]. Determination of the number of somatic cells in milk was carried out using the somatos device (table 4). The obtained data on the presence of somatic cells in the milk of the experimental group indicate the health of the udder of the cows of the experimental group and the beneficial effect of improving feeding, through the inclusion of yeast, on the health of animals, which is manifested in a decrease in somatic cells in milk. As a result of consuming the probiotic, cicatricial digestion is improved. The influence of the probiotic on milk productivity and the qualitative composition of milk is presented in table 5. It can be seen from the data in the table that the milk yield with the use of the probiotic increases, the milk protein also increases, since its absorption in the rumen improves. The farm regularly monitors the consumption of dry matter by cows by the difference in the mass of the distributed and eaten feed, as well as the content of dry matter in the feed mixture [5]. The control of dry matter consumption by cows is presented in Table 6. It can be seen from the table that in cows using the Aktisaf additive, appetite and feed intake improve, so in the control group, before feeding the probiotic, the percentage of feed residue on the feed table is higher than in the experiment. Consumption of dry matter is 4.32% higher in the experiment. It can be seen from the table that in cows using the Aktisaf additive, appetite and feed intake improve, so in the control group, before feeding the probiotic, the percentage of feed residue on the feed table is higher than in the experiment. Consumption of dry matter is 4.32% higher in the experiment. The table shows that in connection with the improvement of cicatricial nutrition, the consumption of dry matter by animal’s increases, while milk yield increases. The feed conversion is increased. The cost of 1 kg of milk decreases (Table 7). It can be seen from the table that in cows using the Aktisaf additive, appetite and feed intake improve, so in the control group, before feeding the probiotic, the percentage of feed residue on the feed table is higher than in the experiment. Consumption of dry matter is 4.32% higher in the experiment. 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02011 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002011 ILS 2020

Table 1. Results of separation of a fully mixed ration of a highly productive group of cows. Total sample Norm Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2 842 g 100% 801 g 100% The 1st sieve 2-8 131 g 15.5% 159 g 19,9% The 2nd sieve 30-50 308 g 36.6% 264 g 33% The 3rd sieve 10-20 127 g 15.1% 112 g 14% Bin filler 30-40 276 g 32.8% 266 g 33% Table 2. Results of manure flushing (goal less residue on sieves). Indicators Control (no probiotic) Experience (Probiotic Use) Control, no yeast probiotic 29.11.19 18.12.19 24.12.19 30.12.19 03.02.20 Total sample, g 617 646 606 529 585 Top sieve, g 28 83 64 48 80 Top sieve, % 4.5 12.8* 10,5 9.1 13.7 Lower sieve, g 125 53 59 53 46 Lower sieve, % 20.3 8.2 9.7 10 7,8 Total residue on sieves, g 153 136 123 101 126 Total residue on sieves, % 24.8 21 20.2 19.1 21.5 Table 3. Results of analysis of milk for beta-hydroxybutyrate. Control (no probiotic) 29.11.19 Experience (Probiotic Use) Control, no yeast probiotic 18.12.19 24.12.19 30.12.19 06.02.20 Animal number BGB mg / dl Animal number BGB mg / dl Animal number BGB mg / dl Animal number BGB mg / dl Animal number BGB mg / dl 1844 1 4722 1 9650 1 1836 0.5 3826 1 3033 1 4148 1 3866 0.5 5317 1 7220 1 5046 0 1402 1 5149 1 4183 1 1402 0.5 5400 0 914 1 3171 1 3272 0.5 3272 1 3522 1 3436 1,5 3848 1 2257 1 2257 0.5 2287 0 4216 1 4911 1 2842 0.5 2842 0.5 3968 1 3272 1 7220 1 4177 1 4548 0.5 1402 1 1760 1,5 718 1 5258 1 5258 0.5 8539 1 4548 1 3624 0.5 8523 1 8523 0.5 4289 0 1402 1 4301 1 3132 0 3624 1 M±м 0.6±0.52 1.1±0.21 0.9±0.21 0.75±0.35 0.7±0.26 Table 4. Content of somatic cells in milk obtained during the experiment. Control (no probiotic) 29.11.19 Experience (Probiotic Use) Control, no yeast probiotic 18.12.19 24.12.19 30.12.19 06.02.20 193 K 182 K 149 K 136 K 129 K Table 5. Milk productivity and quality composition of milk. Control (no probiotic) 29.11.19 yield of milk 32.3 fats,% 3.9 protein,% 3.31 Experience (Probiotic Use) 18.12.19 yield of milk 34.4 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02011 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002011 ILS 2020

fats,% 3.9 protein,% 3.31 24.12.19 yield of milk 36.3 fats,% 3.9 protein,% 3.37 30.12.19 yield of milk 36.2 fats,% 3,9 protein,% 3.38 Control, no yeast probiotic 06.02.20 yield of milk 37 fats,% 3.9 protein,% 3.38 Table 6. Control of consumption of dry matter. Group Control Experience Livestock 166 166 The mass of the distributed feed, kg/day 8268.79 8268.79 Residue weight, kg 578.82 248.06 % of residues 7 3 The mass of the eaten feed, kg 7689.98 8020.73 The mass of the eaten feed, kg /animal 46.33 48.32 % DM in feed mixture 50 50 DM consumption per animal 23.16 24.16 Table 7. Economic efficiency of the drug ‘ACTISAF SC-47’. Control Experience with Actisaf Sc 47 Dry matter consumed in the diet, kg 23.16 24.16 Milk received, kg / animal / day 32.30 36.20 Milk is obtained from 1 kg of dry matter 1.39 1.50 Ration cost 317.00 320.15 Cost of 1 kg of milk, rub 9.81 8.84 Saving feed costs per 1 kg of milk, rubles 0.97 4 Conclusion The digestibility of feed with the introduction of the additive and the use of the drug helps to reduce ketone bodies in milk, has a beneficial effect on improving feeding, improves udder health, which is manifested in a decrease in somatic cells in milk. Milk yield with the use of the additive increases, the protein content in milk also increases, as its assimilation in the rumen improves. Appetite and feed intake are improved with the use of the additive, so in the group before feeding the probiotic, the percentage of feed residue on the feed table is higher than in the experiment. Dry matter consumption is 4.32% higher when the additive is fed, while the feed conversion is increased. Savings in feed costs per 1 kg of milk is 0.97 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02011 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002011 ILS 2020

rubles. Savings in feed costs per year for a livestock of 1,800 heads will amount to 523,800 rubles. References 1. V. Pryadko, Sieve for feed. Determine the structure of the feed, 10.26.2016. URL: http://www.progressivefarm.info/2016/10/26/sitadlya-kormov-opredelyaem-strukturnost-korma (accessed: 01/22/2020). 2. A. Bedenko, Live yeast in compound feeds for cows. URL: https://studylib.ru/doc/2388500/zhivyedrozhzhi-v-kombikormah-dlya-korov (accessed: 01/22/2020). 3. Luke Marisink, Washing manure on sieves. URL: https: //soft-agro.com/krs-na-otkorme/promyvanienavoza-na-sitax.html (accessed date: 01/22/2020). 4. V. Bochenkov, High level of somatic cells in milk: causes and how to reduce them, 05/10/2018 URL: http://milkfermer.ru/somaticheskie-kletki-v-molokeprichiny-i-kak-snizit/ (date of treatment : 01/22/2020). 5. The amount of feed that the cow actually eats. URL: https://soft-agro.com/korovy/kolichestvo-kormakotoroe-fakticheski-poedaet-korova.html (accessed: 01/22/2020). 5 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02011 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002011 ILS 2020

Enterosorbent based on montmorillonite as a promising tool in the treatment and prevention of intestinal disorders in pigs Nikolay Zuev1* , Vladimir Bukhanov2 , Elena Kuzubova2 , Ulyana Krut2 , Galina Shaydorova2 , Alexandra Radchenko2 , and Irina Oleinikova2 1Voronezh State Agrarian University, Voronezh, Russia 2Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia Abstract. The article discusses the treatment and prevention of feed toxicosis of pigs. A composition based on montmorillonite-containing minerals is considered as a promising enterosorbent in combination with the drug vievitin in the treatment of pig dysentery. Studies have shown that the complex use of vievitin with a sorbent by giving individually in 100 ml of drinking water at doses of 5.6 (second group) and 11.1 (third group) mg/kg body weight for vievitin and 400 mg/kg body weight bodies for the sorbent provided a high therapeutic effect in the treatment of piglets suffering from dysentery. Recovery, respectively, was 90.8 and 93.8%. 1 Introduction Intestinal disorders in the family of non-ruminant artiodactyls of farm animals have different etiologies, are widespread, and significantly affect the productivity and health of the entire livestock population. Moreover, large and medium-sized pig farms are serious sources of microbiological pollution of the environment, especially when outbreaks of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract occur in livestock farms. The cause of this problem can be not only dysentery of various pathogenesis, but also including feed toxicosis. [1] A characteristic feature of feed toxicosis that distinguishes them from infectious diseases is the absence of contagiousness, while etiological factors may include the presence in the feed of microorganisms, toxic waste products of fungi - mycotoxins, heavy metal ions, radionuclides, half-life products of organic phenols and other substances. [2] The severity and clinical manifestation of feed toxicosis depends on the number of non-benign diet ingredients, the duration of their use and the immuno-biological state of the animal organism. For the treatment and correction of gastrointestinal disorders developing in acute diarrheal infectious diseases, eubiotics, enzyme preparations, antispasmodics and a number of other groups of drugs are used in clinical practice, among which in recent years they have given increasing importance to enterosorbents. [3] Enterosorption is included in the group of efferent therapy (lat. Efferens - display), i.e. therapeutic measures, the purpose of which is to stop the action of toxins of various origins and their elimination from the body. Enterosorption in intestinal infectious diseases is a pathogenetically substantiated method of therapy. [4] * Corresponding author: [email protected] In recent years, there have been reports of the use of montmorillonite-containing clays for serious intoxication of the body, both humans and animals. No worse than modern antibiotics, they cope with pathogenic bacteria. But, unlike medicines, clay itself remains chemically inert, and, therefore, absolutely harmless to the body, clay inactivates only harmful microbes and toxins, renewing cells, and promotes the formation of immunity. The therapeutic effect of clay natural materials such as montmorillonite (smectite) is explained by their sorptionadhesive and ion-selective properties, as well as by the saturation of various mineral elements, some of which are in a bioavailable form. Once inside the body, natural sorbents, by normalizing the content of micro and macro elements, are able to stimulate the processes of autoregulation of the metabolism of substances. It has been established that when they are used, intestinal function is normalized, reproductive ability and resistance of the body are increased, live weight gain is increased, and qualitative indicators of production: meat, milk, eggs, are improved. With the help of natural sorbents based on montmorillonite, gastrointestinal diseases can be prevented. [5,6] The authors proved that bentonite clays are effective in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in piglets, especially in the post-weaning period. [7] Thus, the aim of this work was to improve the method for the treatment and prevention of intestinal disorders of pigs by oral administration of a composite preparation consisting of: vievitin and enterosorbent. 2 Experimental Materials and research methods. The therapeutic efficacy of the oral administration of a composite preparation © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02012 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002012 ILS 2020

(vievitin with enterosorbent) was determined in scientific and economic experiments on 3-4 months of age of pigs with dysentery, of which 5 groups were formed. The diagnosis of dysentery was established on the basis of epizootological data, clinical signs of the disease, pathological changes and the results of bacteriological studies. Sick piglets were kept in sanitary machines. During therapeutic and prophylactic treatments of pigs with a composite preparation (Patent for invention No. 2589678), the machines containing patients and pigs suspected of being infected with dysentery were regularly thoroughly cleaned, and the animal excrement areas were disinfected with stalosan - Р¤ based on 50.0 g/m2. At the same time, the passageways and corridors of the manure collection channels of the dysfunctional premises were disinfected with a 4% hot (70В°C) sodium hydroxide solution. Vievitinum is an antibacterial drug in the form of a powder for oral use, intended for the treatment of pigs suffering from bacterial and mycoplasma infectious diseases. In 1g of vievitin, 450mg of thiamulin hydrofumarate is contained as the active substance, and 350mg as glucose auxiliary components and 200mg as glucose. The developer of this drug for veterinary use is GNU named after Y.R. Kovalenko, Moscow. The drug was registered by the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance on December 30, 2010. Registration certificate of the medicinal product for veterinary use No. 000126. Registration certificate number: 77-3-3.0-0105 No. PVR-3-3.0/02656. In preliminary studies, data were obtained on the determination of the sensitivity of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to vievitin. In this case, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration of the drug (in terms of the active substance) ranged from 0.06-0.38 Ојg/ml, and the bactericidal concentration in the range of 1.9-7.5 Ојg/ml. The enterosorbent used in the experiment is an enrichment product for clay raw materials from deposits in the Belgorod Region (Patent for the invention No. 2471549). The composite preparation was prepared in a laboratory ball mill RTA-1 in the following proportions: - for the first group of animals: 5.6 g of vievitin and 400 g of sorbent (1 g of the drug contained 14 mg of vievitin and 986 mg of sorbent); - for the second group of animals: 11.1 g of vievitin and 400 g of sorbent (1 g of the drug contained 27 mg of vievitin and 973 mg of sorbent); - for the third group of animals: 22.0 g of vievitin and 409 g of sorbent (52 g of vievitin and 948 mg of sorbent were contained in 1 g of the drug). Animals of the first group (n = 63) received a composite preparation at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg of body weight of vievitin (2.5 mg/kg of active substance) and 400 mg/kg of body weight of the sorbent, the second (n = 65) - 11, 1 mg/kg body weight of vievitin (5 mg/kg of active substance) and 400 mg/kg of body weight of the sorbent, the third (n = 64) - 22.2 mg/kg of body weight of vievitin (10 mg/kg of active substance) and 400 mg/kg of body weight of the sorbent. Piglets of the fourth and fifth groups served as control. The fourth group (n = 58) was orally administered with vievitin at a dose of 11.1 mg/kg, and the fifth (n = 60) was administered sorbent at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight (Table 1). Each dose of the drug was dissolved in 100 ml of drinking water and was individually drunk from a rubber bottle once a day for three days. 3 Results and discussions The sorption efficiency of enterosorbent prepared on the basis of montmorillonite-containing clay (MCC) and the cell wall of Pichia Pastoris was studied, and a comparison was made with the American analogue of Mikosorb. In Fig. 1. The comparative characteristic of the sorption ability, determined by the absorption of the dye, is presented. During the experiment, it was proved that the entrosorbent based on montmorillonite has a more pronounced sorption ability in relation to the Mikosorb analog by 59.1%. Clinical studies of enetrosorbent in combination with viveetin showed that on the second day of treatment, animals of groups II and III were characterized by an improvement in the clinical condition, instead of bloody diarrhea, liquid or watery bowel movements were observed, and single brahispir was found in smears from feces. Among the main number of piglets of the first group, clinical signs of dysentery were noted. The bulk of the experimental animals of the second and third groups recovered after two or three days of treatment (the appetite recovered, feces were formed, there were no brachyspirs in smears from rectal samples), and only a few individuals on the next day after the end of the course of treatment. Mortality among piglets of the second and third groups was observed on the first day of the experiment. In addition, two heads were forcedly killed in the second and third groups. Table 1. Scheme of experience in determining the therapeutic efficacy of a composite preparation (vievitin in combination with a sorbent) in peg dysentery. Group Composite preparation, dose mg/kg body weight Application method Multiplicity of application Vievitin Enterosorbent I 5,6 400 II 11,1 400 Individually with drinking water Once a day for three days III 22,2 400 Conrol IV 11,1 - Individually with drinking water Once a day for three days V - 400 Individually with drinking water Once a day for three days 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02012 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002012 ILS 2020

Fig. 1. Comparative characteristic of the sorption capacity for dye absorption In the first group, animals were cured only three days after the start of treatment, a small proportion of pigs recovered after the end of treatment, and 20.6% did not recover. The waste of animals in this group was large, since 7 animals fell and 6 were forcedly killed (Table 2). Cured animals quickly returned to normal (food intake was restored, feces acquired a dense consistency, and brahispira were not found in rectal samples). Relapse of the disease in all three groups during the 3-week observation period was not recorded. In the control groups, where the fourth group used vievitin at a dose of 11.1 mg/kg, and the fifth used a sorbent at a dose of 400 mg/kg, on the second day of treatment the clinical picture of the disease did not disappear, but the general condition of the animals was fifth the group worsened (appetite is reduced or absent, sunken sides, dull hair and disheveled, diarrhea with impurities of blood and mucus, voice squeaky hoarse). There was also a large departure of animals (in the fourth group, 5 animals fell and 3 were killed, and in the fifth - 6 animals and 3 were killed). On the third day of treatment in the fourth group, the death of the pigs stopped, but 4 piglets were rejected. In the fifth group, 3 gilts fell and 4 were forcedly killed. In order to prevent further mortality, the remaining animals of the fifth group were treated with injections of tiamulin hydrofumarate. The antibiotic was administered intramuscularly once a day for three days at a dose of 15 mg/ kg. After the course of treatment, the pigs of the fourth group are completely healthy. Given the fact that the therapeutic efficacy of using vievitin with sorbent in appropriate doses of 11.1 mg/kg body weight of vievitin (5 mg/kg of active substance) and 400 mg/kg of body weight of the sorbent was 90.8%, then this dose used as a preventive when giving food. Also, the decision to use the studied complex with food was based on the fact that piglets suspected of dysentery infection, as a rule, do not suffer from a lack of appetite, and the appointment of these funds with food is less timeconsuming and technologically advanced than the individual giving of therapeutic drugs with drinking water. Therefore, the composite preparation was dissolved in water, mixed with food and fed in a group way to 60 piglets in contact with pigs suffering from dysentery once a day for two days. During the 3-week follow-up, these pigs were clinically healthy, and no brahispira were found in smears from feces. Studies have shown that the combined use of vievitin with a sorbent by giving individually 100 ml of drinking water at doses of 5.6 (second group) and 22.2 (third group) mg/kg body weight for vievitin and 400 mg/kg wt - body for the sorbent provided a high therapeutic effect in the treatment of piglets suffering from dysentery. Recovery, respectively, was 90.8 and 93.8%. The oral form of using vievitin with enterosorbent, unlike the injection form of thiamulin hydrofumarate, does not lead to the development of prophylactic reactions, has a more sparing effect on the immune system, is safer and more convenient in practice, which expands the scope of the drug. The combined use of vievitin in combination with an enriched montmorillonite-containing sorbent additionally provides efferent therapy, increases the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of dysentery, promotes the rapid recovery of sick animals, and reduces the expense and side effect of vivitin on the body. Giving sorbent selectivity by immobilizing specific vievitin ligands on its surface is a new direction in sorption therapy. The weakly immobilized vievitin ligands formed upon enterosorption are quite easily desorbed from the surface of the sorbent. In this case, the sorbent acts as a carrier for the delivery, dosed release and prolongation of the action of bioactive ligands, and also additionally performs the function of protecting immobilized ligands from inactivating factors of the external (during long-term storage) and internal (e.g., gastric juice) environment. In addition, in this embodiment, the sorbent-immobilized vievitin system has a certain buffer capacity, that is, it works as a depot warehouse, from which the body selects the antibiotic for its needs in necessary quantities as necessary, and the risks of overdoses are reduced. Table 2. Therapeutic efficacy of a composite preparation (vievitin in combination with sorbent) in pig dysentery. Group Number of heads Died Forced killed Recovered Heads % Heads % Heads % I 63 7 11,1 6 9,5 50 79,4 II 65 4 6,1 2 3,1 59 90,8 III 64 2 3,1 2 3,1 60 93,8 Control IV 58 5 8,6 7 12,1 46 79,3 V 60 9 15,0 7 11,7 * * Note: * - treatment is discontinued due to lack of therapeutic effect. 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02012 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002012 ILS 2020

4 Conclusion Summarizing the above materials, it can be noted that enterosorption in intestinal infectious diseases is a pathogenetically substantiated method of therapy. An approach based on imparting specific properties to the sorbent by immobilizing bioactive vievitin ligands on its surface is promising. [8] It allows you to reduce or even eliminate the negative impact on the body of the animal drug substance vievitin. The use of montmorillonitecontaining clays, which ensure the effectiveness of efferent methods of therapy, in combination with promising antibacterial drugs, provides a wide opportunity for the development of preventive and therapeutic complex preparations with increased therapeutic activity. [9] These drugs are usually more cost-effective than antibiotics, due to the fact that their main ingredient is, as a rule, environmentally friendly enterosorbents obtained on the basis of natural domestic raw materials and having increased efficiency of sorption of exo- and endotoxins of enteropathogenic microorganisms, products of decay yes the contents of the intestines and other pollutants. The duration of their use in the treatment and prevention of gastroenteritis of infectious etiology is much shorter than that of antibacterial drugs, because many antibiotics are designed for a long course of treatment. References 1. A.G. Shakhov, “Achievements and main directions of research on the study of diseases of young animals of agricultural animals,” Actual problems of diseases of young animals in modern conditions: materials of the international conference.- pract. Conf., Voronezh: All-RRVIPPandT, pp. 3-12 (2008) 2. C.A. Bowden, L.F. Joens and K.M. Kelley, Am. J. Vet. Res., 50, 481-1485 (1989) 3. B.E. Straw, J.J. Zimmerman, S. D´Allaire and D.J. Taylor, Diseases of Swine, (Blackwell Publishing. The Iowa State University Press, Ames Iowa, U.S.A., 2006) 4. A.K. Tokmalaev, Attending physician, 5, 1-6 (2011) 5. D. Hanuláková, J. Zeman and R. Vašíček, Appl. Clay Sci., 80-81, 69-75 (2013) 6. G.D. Yuan, B.K.G. Theng and G.J. Churchman “Clays and clay minerals forpollution control. (Handbook of Clay Science, Part A, second ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2013) 7. .D. Bukhanov, A.I. Vezentsev, A.A, Shaposhnikov, Scientific statements of BelSU. A series of natural sciences, 9, 99-103 (2010) 8. D.J. Hampson, C. Fellstrom and" J.R. Thomson, “Swine Dysentery,” In Diseases of Swine, (Blackwell Publishing. The Iowa State University Press, Ames Iowa, U.S.A, 2006) 9. S.C. Whipp, I.M. Robinson, D.L Harris, R.D. Glock, P.J. Mathews and T.G.L. Alexander, Infect. Immun., 26, 1042-1047 (1979) 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 02012 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002012 ILS 2020

The research of international and national educational standards on leadership development for pharmacy students Nataliia Aliekperova* Dep. of Organisation and Economics of Pharmacy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine Abstract̶. To estimate the level of usage of leadership development opportunities, International Pharmaceutical Federation official data and national educational and professional standards for pharmacy students in such countries as the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada have been analyzed. According to the results, leadership knowledge and skills are of great importance to provide people with advanced pharmaceutical care. The most common leadership abilities for students getting pharmaceutical education deal with personal leadership (self-awareness, self-motivation, emotional intelligence, innovative mindset), teamwork, effective collaboration with other health professionals, building of a shared vision, resulting in the ability to become a change agent for sustainable development and improvement of health care system. 1 Introduction The successful development of pharmaceutical organizations and the usage of leadership principles demand focusing attention on the study of the fundamental basis of leadership in the system of pharmaceutical education. As noted in Junk et al. (2016), “leadership is a professional obligation, and, to that end, orientation should emphasize leadership by all as essential to the future of the pharmacy profession, essential to developing and implementing new pharmacy services designed to improve patient outcomes, and essential to society” [1]. Pharmacy students should receive theoretical knowledge about leadership, leadership traits and skills, including such abilities as to work in a team efficiently, to support interprofessional collaboration, to use the features of corporate culture for goals achieving, to become an agent of change, etc. This leadership knowledge must be practically applied through exercising tasks and projects, including cooperation with peers, for the continuous improvement of leadership traits and skills, and the existing healthcare system. The purpose of the study is the comprehensive analysis of leadership development opportunities for pharmacy students based on systematic literature review. Tasks of the research: to analyse the recommendations of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) as regards the importance of the development of leadership competencies for pharmacists; to study national educational and professional standards in pharmacy in such countries as the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, as regards the development of leadership knowledge and skills; to study key leadership competencies and leadership development opportunities for pharmacy students in highly developed western countries. 2 Methods Firstly, it is necessary to conduct the topicality analysis of the aspects, dedicated to leadership and leadership competencies for pharmacy professionals based on official FIP materials. These documents are formed on outcomes of the global conference on pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences education in Nanjing (China) in 2016, and they are available free on the official site of FIP [2, 3, 4]. The next step is the analysis of national educational and professional standards for pharmacists in the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. The choice of these countries was determined by certain reasons, namely, the accessibility of official materials in English and the high level of pharmaceutical education. Thus, according to QS world university rankings 2020 – «pharmacy and pharmacology», – the top 10 universities are in these countries, furthermore, five leaders are presented by University of Oxford (the United Kingdom), Monash University (Australia), Harvard University (the United States), University of Toronto (Саnada), University College London (the United Kingdom) [5]. What is more, the core leadership theories are invented by scientists from these countries, particularly from the USA (Ralph Stogdill, James Burns, Bernard Bass, James Kouzes, Barry Posner, Warren Bennis, Bert Nanus, Brus Avolio, Margaret Wheatley, Ron Heifetz, and many others). Taking into account the keen focus on leadership issues in the USA, scientific publications in such *Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003001 ILS 2020

American journals as the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and the Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning have been analyzed. It allowed to highlight the main leadership development competencies (Junk et al. 2013, 2016) [1, 6], as well as to study their importance for students on the basis of Delphi method, a survey of students and a systematic review of the related literature (Feller et al., 2016 and Tucci et al., 2017, Reed et al., 2019) [7, 8, 9]. The description of leadership development opportunities in the USA, as a rule, of courses and projects, the research of students’ preferences regarding their content (Panther et al., 2017, Feller et al., 2016, Sucher et al., 2013, Patterson et al, 2013) might lead to the formation of key priorities on leadership issues for pharmacy students [7, 10, 11, 12]. 3 Results and discussion 1. Role of leadership global workforce development – International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Nowadays, leadership problems in pharmaceutical area are of great importance. Thus, the global vision for education and workforce has been formulated by FIP in line with the outcomes of global conference on pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences education, which took place in Nanjing (China) in November 2016. The vision underlines the core postulates of transformational and adaptive theories of leadership, namely the necessity to form “adaptable pharmaceutical workforces” and implement “collaboration with other stakeholders in health care” through “transformative and continuous education” for advanced health care [2]. According to the vision, FIP developed the main workforce development goals; one of them is the leadership development, in which an emphasis is placed on the upgrowth of leadership skills at all stages of career development, including education and science. On top of that, in such a workforce development goal as competency development attention is drawn to “clear policy that links leadership development (from early years) with competence attainment for the advancement of practice activities” [3]. On the grounds of Global Conference in Nanjing (China) outcomes, FIP published the Statements on Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Education aimed at the improvement of the system of pharmaceutical education. These Statements consist of 8 clusters; and one of them is devoted to leadership – Foundation Training and Leadership. This cluster is focused on the need to include leadership development issues to the educational process for the formation of future pharmacy leaders, who can take full responsibility for the sustainable development and the improvement of the health care system [4]. Fullan (2003) names such leaders system thinkers and observes that they “…will gravitate toward strategies that alter people`s system-related experience; that is, they will alter people`s mental awareness of the system as whole, theryby contributing to altering the system itself” [13]. 2. Pharmacist leadership development as an educational and professional obligation in the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada .1 USA 3.1.1 Leadership development outcomes for pharmacy students In the USA, a considerable transformation towards leadership popularization in pharmaceutical education has taken place [in the USA.] Thus, the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) released the fourth version of educational outcomes for the justification of the curricular priorities of the Doctor of Pharmacy programs in 2013 [14]. The CAPE considerably enlarged students’ professional knowledge and skills, making a special emphasis on self-awareness, innovation, leadership and professionalism. Besides, such abilities as progressive collaboration of pharmacists in a team, including interprofessional collaboration, providing pharmaceutical care for diverse patients, contributing to the health and well-being both of individuals and communities as a whole, consistent and continuous improvement of professional knowledge and skills, as well the ability to do well in a highly technical workplace are highlighted [14]. In accordance to educational outcome 4.2 – leadership – future pharmacy professionals (PharmD) must “demonstrate responsibility for creating and achieving shared goals, regardless of position”, as well as understand the essence of leadership, differences between leadership and management, features of working in a team for getting sustainable and progressive results. However, proposed learning objectives are only samples that need to be enlarged and specified into definite leadership competencies. What is more, Junk et al. (2016) paid attention that other CAPE-2013 educational outcomes (patient advocacy, interprofessional collaboration, communication, professionalism, innovation and entrepreneurship and others) are connected to leadership competencies [1]. The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) released the Accreditation Standards and Key Elements for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (“Standards – 2016”) in 2016, which fully reflect the CAPE-2013 educational outcomes [15]. Moreover, didactic content areas are enlarged in comparison with the previous the ACPE standard, namely Professional Development is added to Social and Behavioral Aspects of Practice. It is worth saying, that these amendments illustrate the fourth domain of educational outcomes of the CAPE – 2013 – Personal and Professional Development (self-awareness, innovation, leadership and professionalism). 3.1.2 Leadership competencies of pharmacy students The appropriate leadership competencies for pharmacy students should be developed to implement educational 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003001 ILS 2020

outcomes in practice. These competencies make the basis for the formation of pharmacist leadership development opportunities. So, Junk et al. (2013) in the comprehensive expert survey of twenty-six leadership instructors, proposed 11 leadership competencies for pharmacy students, which are divided into three parts: leadership knowledge – 4 competencies (explain the importance of leadership in pharmacy, recognize that leadership comes from those with and without titles, distinguish between leadership and management, describe the characteristics, behaviors and practices of effective leaders); personal leadership commitment – 2 competencies (demonstrate self-awareness in leadership, engage in personal leadership development); leadership skill development – 5 competencies (develop a shared vision for an initiative or project, collaborate with others, lead members of a team, develop knowledge of organizational culture, outline change processes) [6]. Feller et al. (2016) surveyed pharmacy program faculty members and staff employed by the pharmacy program as to how their leadership development opportunities correspond to 11 leadership development competencies [7]. Thus, such competencies as “Collaborate with others” and “Describe the characteristics, behaviors, and practices of effective leaders” received the highest indices, 9.3 out of 10 and 8.6 out of 10, respectively. Leadership competencies with the lowest indices are “Develop knowledge of organizational culture”– 5.3 and “Distinguish between leadership and management” – 6.5. Tucci et al. (2017) analyzed the answers of 362 students getting pharmaceutical education for the assessment of their perceptions and self-efficacy in leadership competencies, offered by Junk et al. (2013) [6, 8]. The research indicates that respondents, actively engaged in pharmacy organizations leadership, for instance, by having an eboard position or service as the chair of a committee, demonstrate better results compared to other students. Generally, their higher estimation of their own efficiency concerned their leadership knowledge and personal leadership commitment. The results of the study are confirmed by the words of Posner (2009) who remarks that “leadership requires doing and leadership development therefore requires action-learning (or learning on the job) to find one’s voice, develop, and hone one’s skills” [16]. Leadership competencies for future pharmacists as proposed by Junk et al. (2013) are just recommended, and they can be changed and adjusted in line with the vision of a definite university or faculty [6]. According to Junk et al. (2016), the guiding principles that were developed through the Delphi process with participation of twenty-six leadership instructors, must be the basis of leadership competencies [1]. The leadership competencies must include self-focused leadership competencies, knowledge-based competencies, behavior-based competencies, as well as the cognitive domain and the affective domain. In fact, leadership competencies might be reflected in the definition of authentic leadership, suggested by Griffith et al. (2009): “a pattern of leader behavior that draws upon and promotes both positive psychological capacities and a positive ethical climate, to foster greater self-awareness, an internalized moral perspective, balanced processing of information, and relational transparency on the part of leaders working with followers, fostering positive selfdevelopment” [16]. Beside authentic leadership, such leadership theories as transformational and adaptive theories can be the framework of leadership competencies, even though they focus more on the relations between the leader and the followers, which already implies leadership authenticity. Thus, among 11 leadership competencies only two can be related to transformational and adaptive leadership – to develop a shared vision and to lead members of a team. 3.1.3 Leadership development opportunities for pharmacy students According to the results, 94 schools of pharmacy out of 138 propose leadership development opportunities for students getting pharmaceutical education. Overall, 191 student pharmacist leadership development opportunities have been identified, most of them are courses (41.9%), followed by projects/programs and series of events (18.8% and 10.9% respectively). Generally, they are didactic (83.6%) and almost 30% are compulsory for all pharmacy students [7]. In addition, Feller et al. (2016) gave a brief description of some leadership development opportunities, offered by Regis University ReuckertHartman College for Health Professions, Palm Beach Atlantic University Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Concordia University College of Pharmacy, etc. [7]. Some schools of pharmacy have not only created leadership development opportunities and have begun to implement them in the educational process, also they have analyzed their efficiency. For instance, the elective course dedicated to leadership development at Regis University Reuckert-Hartman College for Health Professions (Sucher et al., 2013) has not been only characterized in the context of learning outcomes, topics and main educational tools, but in terms of its efficiency and practical usefulness for students getting the PharmD degree [11]. Thus, topics devoted to the research of one’s own leadership authenticity, one’s own strengths, including such assignments as StrengthsFinder, Strength Deployment Inventory, Kolb Learning Style Inventory, and others were defined by students as the most valuable ones. According to the survey results, more than 90% of students who passed through this elective course, ‘strongly agree’ that “this course helped me learn more about aspects of my character that are essential for leaders”. Leadership development opportunities at The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, (Patterson et al, 2013) [12], at University of Washington и Washington State University College of Pharmacy (Panther et al, 2017) also confirmed their effectiveness 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003001 ILS 2020

in “developing leadership skills in students and inspiring student pharmacists to be agents of change” [10]. Despite the application of leadership opportunities in many schools of pharmacy in the USA, at present, the unified definition of leadership in pharmacy is absent, leadership competencies vary considerably, operationalization of main concepts and terms needs development (Reed et al., 2019) [9]. What is more, fullfledged and sustainable student leadership development in pharmacy depends not only on the existence of a suitable course or project, but on the creation of innovative and supportive climate at an educational institution (Junk et al, 2016) [1]. Bradley-Baker et al., 2016 notes that “colleges and schools should strive to create an environment where leadership is not only recognized but valued” and “creating a supportive network of role models and mentors (faculty members, peers, and practitioners) is important to professional growth” [18]. .2 The United Kingdom 3.2.1 Leadership development outcomes and competencies of pharmacy students The General Pharmaceutical Council is a regulatory authority for pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and registered pharmacies in the United Kingdom that released the Standards for Pharmacy Professionals in 2017. According to them, pharmacy professionals must demonstrate leadership [19]. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, the professional membership body for pharmacists and pharmacy in the United Kingdom, published the Professional Standards for Public Health Practice for Pharmacy in 2014 [20]. It contains 9 main standards directed on the provision of “a framework to support pharmacists and their teams to improve public health services, and shape future services and pharmacy roles to deliver quality patient care and improve health outcomes”. In Standard 8.0 “Strategic Leadership and Collaborative Working for Health” attention is paid to the formation of leadership on three levels, namely national and local governments, teams of pharmacists and individual pharmacists. Also, actual examples are provided of the main aspects of the standard implementation in community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy and primary care, and local authorities. The standard devoted to leadership underlines the necessity of pharmacy leaders, teams, and pharmacists to collaborate with each other and other health professionals effectively to improve the population's health. In more detail, leadership in pharmacy is considered in the Leadership Development Framework released by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society in 2015 [21]. Actually, this document reflects the NHS Leadership Academy’s Healthcare Leadership Model, at the same time it focuses on pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists [22]. The Leadership Development Framework “emphasizes the collective responsibility of everyone in pharmacy to seek to contribute to the leadership process and to develop and empower the leadership capacity of colleagues”. It consists of 9 domains (inspiring shared purpose, leading with care, evaluating information, connecting our service, sharing the vision, engaging the team, holding to account, developing capability, influencing for results), each of them describes the recommends pharmacists’ behavior on a four-part scale: essential, proficient, strong and exemplary [21]. 3.2.2 Leadership development opportunities of pharmacists Leadership development opportunities are proposed as a postgraduate education in the United Kingdom. The Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (СPPE), that is a part of the Division of Pharmacy and Optometry at the University of Manchester, carries out leadership trainings for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in line with the Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s Leadership Development Framework. For example, the CPPE leadership school offers a four-day program directed on the development of leadership knowledge and skills, such as self-awareness, estimation of own strengths, values, preferred ways of working, leadership styles. Also, the training aims at the development of such abilities as a team-leading, conflict and change management in organizations to improve pharmaceutical care and proactive healthy lifestyle advice [23]. 3 Australia The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia released a new National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in Australia in 2016, which presents the description of advanced competencies for a pharmacist to “meet medication and related service needs, so that both optimal health outcomes and economic objectives are achieved for Australians” [24]. According to this standard, competencies must be evaluated and improved consistently, starting from self-management and own professional activities, then cooperation with professional peers and colleagues, followed by an orientation on a teamwork and leading team-based activities and, finally focus on the integration of various functions and processes for the implementation of positive changes in the future. In real fact, the fullfledged realization of this concept requires the sustainable development of leadership knowledge and skills. It is worth noting, that those who are “working on the real problem of transforming real system and learning by doing it” are characterized by Fullan as ‘new theoreticians’ [13]. The leadership development as an advanced competency is paid attention to in Domain 4 – Leadership and management: standard 4.1 (show leadership of self) and standard 4.3 (show leadership in practice). Having been presented in the previous version of the National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists, Standard 4.1 focuses on emotional awareness, self-regulation, self-assessment, selfmotivation and innovative mindset. However, Standard 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003001 ILS 2020

4.3 was introduced only in a new version in 2016; in it competencies are considered in the context of cooperation and a team-leading, formation of shared vision, supporting and coaching other people, as well as facilitating innovations and positive changes. The suggested in the document enabling competencies are characterized thoroughly not only at a general level with evidence examples, but in the context of advanced practice at three stages: transition level (stage 1), consolidation level (stage 2) and advanced level (stage 3). The achievement of competencies at these stages means both the incremental level of leadership knowledge and skills, and the application of efforts to go beyond the “comfort zone” [24]. .4 Canada The Canadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacy Programs (ССAPP) developed the Accreditation Standards for Canadian First Professional Degree in Pharmacy Programs – 2018, where leadership skills for students getting pharmaceutical education are paid attention to [25]. Thus, Standard 4 (Criterion 4.3) proposes outcomes and competencies aimed at the development of leadership abilities for graduates. According to the Professional Competencies for Canadian at Entry to Practice Pharmacists prepared by National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA) in 2014, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians must “take responsibility for their decisions and provide leadership as appropriate”, also, in line with the professional competency 8.2.2 they must “demonstrate leadership abilities in team processes” [26]. 4 Conclusions According to the results of literature review, official FIP materials, national educational and professional standards in such countries as the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, it was found out that over the last time an emphasis has been put on leadership issues for pharmacy students. As a rule, the justifiability of leadership knowledge and skills development for pharmacy students is directly connected with the need to provide high-quality pharmaceutical care to the population. Thereby, current educational programs and opportunities for students getting pharmaceutical education should pay attention to the development of such leadership skills as emotional intelligence, selfawareness, innovative mindset, teamwork, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals like physicians and nurses. What is more, future pharmaceutical workers should understand the general principles of organizational development for the successful management and sustainable transformation of pharmacies and the pharmaceutical industry. All in all, future pharmacists should become change agents for constant improvement of the health care system. The USA remains the most progressive country regarding the implementation of leadership development opportunities for students, considering the number of schools of pharmacy which propose various courses and projects devoted to leadership. At the same time, there are some discrepancies in leadership definition, knowledge and skills in pharmacy that requires using more unified approaches both in international and national educational standards. References 1. K.K. Janke, M.H. Nelson, A.S. Bzowyckyj, D.G. Fuentes, E. Rosenberg E, and R. DiCenzo, Am J Pharm Educ, vol. 80(1):2, (2016), 2. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), “Global Vision for Education and Workforce,” (2016) 3. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), “Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals,” (2016) 4. International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), “Statements on Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Education,” (2017). 5. QS Top Universities, “University ranking: Pharmacy and Pharmacology,” (2020) 6. K.K. Janke, A.P. Traynor, and C.J. Boyle, Am J Pharm Educ, 77(10):222, (2013), 7. T.T. Feller, W.R. Doucette, and M.J. Witry, Am J Pharm Educ, 80(5):79 (2016), 8. M. Tucci, K. Tong, K. Chia, and M. DiVall, Am J Pharm Educ, 83(2):6535, (2019), 9. B.N. Reed, A.M. Klutts, and T.J. Mattingly, Am J Pharm Educ, 83(9):7520 (2019) 10. S.G. Panther, R.A. Allen, K. Brantner, C.G. Jefferson, N.L. Murphy, and J.D. Robinson, Am J Pharm Educ, 83(5):6764, 2019, 11. B. Sucher, M. Nelson, and D. Brown Am J Pharm Educ, 77(10):224, (2013). 12. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), “Accreditation Standards and Key Elements for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (“Standards 2016”),”, Chicago, Illinois, (2016) 13. B.Z. Posner, Journal of Leadership Education, 8.1: 1-10 (2009). 14. J. Griffith, B. Avolio, T. Wernsing, and F.O. Walumbwa “What is authentic leadership development?” In book: Handbook of Positive Psychology and Work, Oxford, (2009) 15. L.R. Bradley-Baker and N.L. Murphy, “Leadership development of student pharmacists,” Am J Pharm Educ, 77(10):219, (2013), doi:10.5688/ajpe7710219. 16. General Pharmaceutical Council, “Standards for pharmacy professionals,” (2017) 17. Royal Pharmaceutical Society, “Professional Standards for Public Health Practice for Pharmacy,” (2014) 5 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003001 ILS 2020

18. Royal Pharmaceutical Society, “Leadership Development Framework: Developing leadership where you are,” (2015) 19. NHS Leadership Academy, “The Healthcare Leadership Model, version 1.0, Leeds: NHS Leadership Academy,”(2013) 20. Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Manchester, “Inspiring Future Pharmacy Leaders: Learning portfolio,” (2012) 21. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. “National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in Australia,” (2016) 22. Canadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacy Programs (ССAPP), “Accreditation Standards for Canadian First Professional Degree in Pharmacy Programs,” (2018) 23. National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA), “Professional Competencies for Canadian Pharmacists at Entry to Practice,” (2014) 24. B.J. Patterson, O.W. Garza, M.J. Witry, E.H. Chang, D.E. Letendre, and C.B Trewet, Am J Pharm Educ, 77(10):223, (2013) 25. M. Fullan, Leadership & Sustainability: System Thinkers in Action, Corwin Press, (2005) 26. M.S. Medina, C.M. Plaza, C.D. Am J Pharm Educ, 77(8):162 (2013) 6 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003001 ILS 2020

Impact of working conditions on the health of pharmacy workers Irina Filina*, Svetlana Nikishina, Irina Snimshchikova, Anastasiia Kulakova, Anastasiia Ovchinnikova, and Ilya Leonidov Medical Institute, Oryol State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Oryol, Russia Abstract. The analysis revealed factors that have an adverse effect on human health: artificial lighting (I =0.72); standing activity (I=0.63); monotonous movements (I =0.56); prolonged work at the computer (I =0.55). It was found that many pharmacy workers have chronic diseases: vascular pathology (29.4%), musculoskeletal pathology (28.4%), gastrointestinal tract pathology (27.5%); visual impairment (27.5%). It was found that 20.6% of pharmacy employees do not have breaks for rest and meal; 13.7% do not have the opportunity to take warm food at work; 35.3% have the biggest meal of the day in the evening. In the workplace, a set of factors that have an adverse effect on the health of pharmaceutical professionals has been identified; many workers have work-related chronic diseases; most pharmacists experience discomfort after work; some employers violate labour legislation by not providing specialists with breaks for rest and meal. 1 Introduction The work of a pharmaceutical specialist in a pharmacy is one of the most difficult and stressful types of work. In the process of dispensing and manufacturing medicines in a pharmacy, employees may be adversely affected by the factors of the production environment: dust, vapors, gases from medicines and reagents; noise; microclimate of the room; microbial contamination; visual strain; uncomfortable working posture, etc. [1-4]. A heavy responsibility, greater focus, and conflicts with visitors lead to a psychological and emotional overload [3]. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the impact of working conditions on the health of pharmacy workers. 2 Experimental procedure In the process of solving the tasks, marketing and factor analysis as well as sociological methods were used. Database of the study was formed on the basis of a survey, 102 pharmaceutical specialists of pharmaceutical organizations of the Oryol region took part in the survey, including 64 (62.7%) pharmacists and 38 (37.3%) pharmacy technicians. The sample size required for the sociological research was calculated using (1): n = Nt2D/N∆2+t 2D, (1) where N-the general population, representing the number of pharmaceutical specialists in the Oryol region in 2019 (according to the data from the Department of Health of the Oryol region); ∆-the margin of error of the sample rate, which equals 0.05-0.1; D-variance, which equals 0.25; t-Student's t-distribution coefficient, which equals 1.96 (if p = 0.95). n =1980*1,962 *0,25/ 1980*0,12 +1,962*0,25 = 91,6 The questionnaire contains the following sections: socio-demographic characteristics of respondents; work and rest schedule; characteristics of work activity. The questionnaire also includes a list of factors that have an adverse effect on the health of pharmacy employees. Qualitative characteristics were used as criteria for evaluating results, each of qualitative characteristics was assigned a corresponding numerical value-coefficient [5,6]. The index for each of the factors was calculated using the formula: I = n1 n2 n3 n4 1.0 n1 0.5 n2 ( 0.5) n3 ( 1.0) n4 , (2) where n1, n2, n3, n4 - the corresponding number of respondents combined by one of the four possible responses on the satisfaction scale. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Microsoft Excel software package. The data is presented as an absolute and relative (%) number of pharmaceutical specialists. 3 Results and Discussion In order to study the working conditions of pharmaceutical specialists, a survey was conducted among employees of pharmacy organizations in the Oryol region, 91 (89.2%) of the respondents were women and 11 (10.8%) were men. The average age of the respondents was 40 ± 20 years. 64 (62.7%) specialists with higher professional *Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003002 ILS 2020

education and 38 (37.3%) with secondary vocational education took part in the survey. 26 (25.5 %) of the survey participants work in state-owned pharmacies; 33 (32.4%) work in municipal pharmacies; and 43 (42.1%) work in private pharmacies, 2 of the respondents (1.96%) hold the position of a director of a pharmacy chain; 12 (11.8%) – the position of a head of a pharmacy, pharmacy branch or pharmacy kiosk; 8 (7.8%) – the position of a deputy head of a pharmacy; 4 (3.9%) - the position of a department supervisor; 40 (39.2%) - the position of a pharmacist; 36 (35.34%) - the position of a pharmacy technician. 46 (45.1%) pharmaceutical specialists have less than 5 years of specialized work experience; 27 (26.5%) - 6 to 15 years; 7 (6.9%) - 16 to 25 years; 13 (12.7%) - from 25 to 35 years; 9 (8.8%) - over 35 years. In the course of the study, it was found that 51 (50.0%) of the respondents work every day for 6-8 hours, this number of working hours is typical for municipal and state pharmacies. In private pharmacy organizations the typical work schedule is two days of work followed by two days of rest, this is the way 42 (41.2)% of respondents work. It was found out that 9 (8.8%) pharmaceutical specialists work more than 12 hours a day. 2 (1.96%) respondents have night shifts; 3 (2.94%) – work during off-hours. The survey revealed that 3 (2.94%) pharmaceutical specialists start a 12-hour shift immediately after the night shift. Taking into account that 42 (41.2%) respondents indicated that their work schedule has a negative impact on their family life, we can conclude that the work schedule in many pharmacy organizations is irrational. When questioned, pharmaceutical specialists complained that it is physically difficult to work 12 hours a day, that they do not have time to do household chores and take good care of children. It was found that the majority of respondents - 62 (60.8%) - work 5 days a week. In private pharmacies, pharmaceutical specialists - 27 (26.44%) - work 4 days a week, since they typically work for two days and then rest for another two days. It is alarming that 11 (10.8%) respondents sometimes work 6 days a week and 2 people (1.96%) - 7 days a week. In the course of the study, it was found that in the compounding pharmacies the most unfavourable factors of the indoor environment include the direct impact of drug substances on the pharmacist in the process of manufacturing drugs. Moreover, harmful substances may be released into the air during intra-pharmaceutical prepackaging of dosage forms. In case of a violation of the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the technological process and poor personal hygiene, medicinal substances in the form of dust or aerosols can enter the body of workers through the lungs, skin and mucous membrane. At the same time, vapours of volatile substances can get in the air: formalin, ammonia, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, camphor, menthol and other substances in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentration. Medicinal dust can be harmful to the pharmacist. Many types of medicinal dust have an adverse effect on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract of a person during industrial contact, for example, dust of zinc oxide, talc, salicylic acid. Substances that have a pronounced irritant effect and often cause allergic reactions include nicotinic acid, iodine. Pharmacy workers may be prone to more severe reactions than patients who use them, since they can receive a dose during the working day that significantly exceeds the daily therapeutic dose during treatment. It has been established that, in addition to medicinal substances, chemical reagents also have a harmful effect on pharmacists-analysts, which specialists use when conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses. Continuous inhalation of vapours of hydrochloric, sulphuric, acetic acids, alkalis and other substances can lead to serious illnesses. According to the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, workers who are employed in jobs with harmful or hazardous working conditions, should have reduced working time that does not exceed 36 hours per week. Workplace factors are considered harmful if their impact can lead to illness of an employee, and hazardous are those factors, the impact of which can lead to injury. In order to identify harmful and hazardous workplace factors, certification of workplaces is carried out. All employers are obliged to carry out certification of workplaces. The list of categories of medical workers who are entitled to reduced working hours due to the work in hazardous conditions is given in section XL "Healthcare" of the List. In accordance with paragraph 137 of this section, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians of a pharmacy, except for those engaged exclusively in dispensing drugs without prescriptions and other goods of the pharmacy range, are entitled to reduced working time of 36 hours per week. When questioned, pharmaceutical specialists in the surveyed pharmacies, it was found that almost a third of the respondents - 27 (26.5%) - do not know what assessment of workplaces in terms of working conditions is and when was the last time they had it in a pharmacy organization. The study found that the majority of pharmacy workers - 85 (83.3%) - believe that their workplace is planned rationally. However, the survey revealed that only 38 (37.3%) respondents have furniture with a rotating device at the workplace; the state of the microclimate and the level of illumination do not suit 22 (21.6%) pharmaceutical specialists; 37 (36.3%) people do not have a rest-room in their pharmacy. The study analyzed some of the factors that have an adverse effect on the health of pharmacy employees (table I). The entire set of factors was divided into two blocks: factors that have an adverse effect on the health of pharmaceutical professionals; the consequences of these factors. In the first block the respondents identified the most adverse factors: artificial lighting (I =0.72); standing activity (I =0.63); monotonous movements (I =0.56); prolonged work at the computer (I =0.55). In the second block, respondents determined their state of health at the end of the working day, as a result of which it turned out that many often feel: leg weakness (I =0.58); fatigue due to a large number of visitors (I =0.55); moral responsibility for the patient (I =0.53); decrement in visual acuity and ocular discomfort (I =0.41). 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003002 ILS 2020

Table 1. Summary table of indices that characterize the degree of adverse effects of certain factors on the health of pharmaceutical professionals № In relation to the factor I 1 Standing activity 0,63 2 Prolonged work at the computer 0,55 3 Inhalation of harmful substances -0,42 4 Psychological stress 0,04 5 Monotonous movements 0,56 6 Artificial lighting 0,72 7 Contact with patients suffering from infectious diseases 0,46 8 Inconvenient location of pharmacy furniture -0,3 9 Leg weakness 0,58 10 Fatigue due to the mental nature of the work -0,45 11 Fatigue due to a large number of visitors 0,55 12 Neurosis due to conflicts with visitors 0,05 13 Feeling of a moral responsibility for the patient 0,53 14 Acute respiratory diseases 0,07 15 Working despite feeling unwell 0,29 16 Feeling of decrement in visual acuity and ocular discomfort when working at the computer 0,41 The study found that 75 (73.5%) pharmaceutical professionals are willing to work when they feel unwell, without taking the opportunity to take a sick leave. Many pharmacy workers have chronic diseases (Fig. 1). The figure shows that many people have vascular pathology 30 (29.4%), in most cases it is varicose veins; musculoskeletal pathology 29 (28.4%), for example, arthrosis, arthritis. At the same time, the survey found that only 13 (12.8 %) of respondents regularly engage in industrial gymnastics. Visual impairment is present in 28 (27.5%) of the respondents, but only 18 (17.6%) of the respondents do eye exercises during the working day. Fig. 1 Presence of chronic diseases in respondents The analysis of questionnaires revealed that 30 (29.4%) of respondents’ experience heaviness in the legs, cramps in the calf muscles, swelling of the lower extremities in the evening or at night; 27 (26.5%) of people experience undue fatigability after work (Fig. 2). The study found that 28 (27.5%) pharmaceutical specialists have gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and 65 (63.7%) respondents have digestive problems in the form of nausea, heartburn, belching, flatulence, bloating, and abdominal pain. Article 108 of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation states that "during the working day (shift) the employee should be given a break for rest and meal of at least 30 minutes, which is not included into working hours. Fig. 2 Discomfort of the respondents after work The time of a break and its concrete duration are established by the internal labour regulations or on agreement between the employee and the employer. In kinds of work where, according to the conditions of production (work), it is impossible to give a break for rest and meal, the employer must give the employee an opportunity to have rest and meal during the working hours. The list of such kinds of work as well as places for rest and meals are established by the internal labour regulations [2]. The survey revealed that 21 (20.6%) of pharmacy employees do not have a break for rest and meal; 14 (13.7 %) of respondents do not have the opportunity to take warm food at work. It was found that 16 (15.7%) of the respondents take the biggest meal of the day in the morning; 50 (49.0%) at lunch and 36 (35.3%) in the evening. Therefore, it is not surprising that 31 (30.4%) of pharmaceutical specialists are overweight. It was found that the majority of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians 99 (97%) visit a doctor at least once a year, but only 23 (22.5%) of the respondents regularly undergo annual physical examination. 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003002 ILS 2020

4 Conclusions : Thus, in the course of the study - a set of factors that have an adverse effect on the health of pharmaceutical specialists in the workplace has been identified; - many pharmacists and pharmacy technicians have work-related chronic diseases; - most pharmacy workers experience discomfort after work; - some employers violate labour laws by not providing specialists with a break for rest and meal. References 1 A. A. Svechkova, R. V. Shaigorodsky, “Influence of the nature of work and working conditions on the performance and health of employees of pharmacy organizations,” Current issues of modern medicine. Collection of materials of the I Far Eastern medical youth forum. (publishing house of DVSMU, Khabarovsk, p. 272-273, 2017) 2 Labour code of the Russian Federation: Federal law of 30.12.2001 N 197-FZ (revision of 24.04.2020). Electronic legal reference system "Consultant plus". Access code: http://www.consultant.ru . Date of access 03.06.2020. 3 I. A. Filina, A. Yu. Ovchinnikova, and A. S. Kolesnikov, “Professional stresses in pharmaceutical specialists,” Innovations in life sciences. Collection of materials of the II International Symposium may p. 19-20, Belgorod, (2020), 320-322. 4 I. A. Filina, I. M. Razdorskaya, J. Scientific Bulletin of the Belgorod state University, 12, 159-168, (2016) 5 Allmendinger, M. Emmerich, and J. Hakanen, J. of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 24, 5-24, (2017) 6 Jason W. OsborneJ. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 20, 1-6, (2015) 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003002 ILS 2020

*Corresponding author [email protected] Results of a pharmacoeconomic analysis of the rationality of the use of acute myeloid leukemia chemotherapy regimens with the use of various doses of cytarabine Hanna Panfilova2 , Anastasiya Goncharova1 , Iuliia Korzh2 , Irina Zhirova1 , Oksana Tsurikova3 ,and Natalia Bezuglaia1* 1Belgorod State National Research University Belgorod, Russia 2Dept. of Social Pharmacy, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine 3Dept. of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Abstract. A pharmacoeconomic study of the rationality of the use of various chemotherapy regimens (“7 + 3” scheme) in the treatment of patients with acute forms of myeloid leukemia has been carried out. The use of the chemotherapy regimen “7 + 3” with 200 mg / m2 / per day dosage of cytarabine on 1-7 days allows to achieve a unit of treatment efficacy at a lower cost (CEA = 19.22 US $ / per unit of efficacy), compared with another dosage of cytarabine that was two times less, i.e., 100 mg / m² / day at the same period (CEA = US $ 20.18 / unit of effectiveness). The presented research results can be used in the formation of programs for the rational use of limited resources in the purchase of anticancer drugs for hematological cancer patients, as well as in the development of schemes for providing them with effective medical care in a hospital setting. 1 Introduction According to the World Health Organization, leukemia occupies a leading position in the morbidity structure of the human lymphoid and hematopoietic systems [1-3]. Specialists are particularly concerned about the fact that leukemias occupy the first positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality from malignant pathologies among people under the age of 17 years [4-6]. It is a wellknown fact, that this category of the population forms the socio-economic potential of any country, and the loss of patients under the age of 17 is an important demographic problem in any state and in society as a whole [7-8]. Therefore, the development of new approaches in the treatment of acute leukemia, in particular myeloid leukemia, is of both medical and socio-economic importance [9-10]. The basic principles of treatment of acute leukemia were formulated thanks to the achievements of American oncologists-hematologists (D. Pinkel, J. Simone, 1970, R. J. A. Aur, 1971), who in the last century successfully used in clinical practice the program of so-called "total therapy" in children [11-12]. The use of these programs in the pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment of patients with acute leukemia allowed further specialists of the St. Jude hospital (St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA) in 1979 to reach, and in the early 80-ies of the last century to cross the 50.0% threshold of survival of patients with acute forms of leukemia [13-15]. This was a significant achievement at that time in the development of Oncohematology. Acute leukemias from the category of fatal diseases of the human hematopoietic system gradually moved to the category of diseases that could be treated, and the percentage of 5-year survival rate of oncogematological patients has steadily increased with each decade. Modern principles of treatment of acute leukemia are based on the following basic principles: duration and intensity of therapy at all stages of development of malignant pathology; strict compliance with the doses of antitumor drugs, depending on the type of therapy and the timing of their use in accordance with the treatment protocols; the combination of cytostatic drugs in order to synchronize their mechanism of action with the main phases of the mitotic cycle of development of leukemic cells, namely, the appointment of drugs characterized by different phase cyclospecificity with drugs that differ in non-cyclical mechanism of action. This contributes to the maximum coverage of a significant number of leukemic cells; compliance with cyclical and precyclical use of antitumor drugs; timely elimination of side effects in the use of cytostatic drugs by prescribing a complex of antifungal and antimicrobial drugs [16-19]. In general, it should be noted that in the treatment of acute leukemia, a whole range of methods are used, namely chemotherapy, symptomatic, substitution, paliative, radiation therapy, as well as bone marrow transplantation. At the same time, the use of chemotherapy for a long time, as well as the relief of side effects of cytostatic drugs requires significant financial resources [10,11,18]. The limited nature of resources in the health care system may put forward the question on the process of achieving maximum therapeutic effect in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia, in particular myeloid leukemia. This problem can be solved by applying methods of pharmacoeconomical analysis, which has recently become increasingly important in various fields of practical medicine, including in Oncohematology [20]. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003003 ILS 2020

This statement allowed us to formulate the main goal of our research. 2 Purpose of the study The objective of this study is the pharmacoeconomical research of the rationality of using various chemotherapy regimens ("7+3" scheme) in the treatment of patients with acute forms of myeloid leukemia. 3 Materials and methods In the study, we used the method of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). We calculated the value of the CEA indicator and the incremental cost – effectiveness ratio (ICER), which expresses the value of the additional amount that have to be spent to achieve an additional unit of effectiveness when using a more effective and more costly treatment method instead of another. To assess the rationality of using certain doses of anticancer drugs from the group of antimetabolics and anthracycline antibiotics, we used the data of multicenter randomized studies of chemotherapy of myeloid acute leukemia, which had been carried out by Russian scientists [13]. The purpose of these studies was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the so-called "large" and "small" doses of antimetabolites (cytarabine drug) to achieve stable induction / consolidation in the first line of chemotherapy for acute forms of myeloid leukemia. There were analysed 145 oncohematological patients of 18 hematological centers from 15 cities of the Russian Federation for 1.5 years in this study. Two groups of patients were prescribed two courses of chemotherapy "7 + 3" using high doses of daunorubicin, 60 mg / m2 per injection against the background of continuous infusion of cytarabine on the 2nd course of treatment at a dose of 100 and 200 mg / m2 / day on the 1-7th day. The total interval between courses of chemotherapy depended on the degree of cytopenia and averaged about 10-15 days. In our pharmacoeconomic studies, as a unit of effectiveness, we took the indicators of achieving complete remission in patients (%) while using the remission induction regimens after chemotherapy from the abovementioned studies [13] The basic data is shown in Table I. As one can see, the first group of patients used cytarabine preparations at a dose of 100 mg / m², and the second, respectively, at a dose of 200 mg / m² per day on the 1st-7th day, that is, twice more than first group. We calculated the total medical (direct and indirect) costs associated with the use of chemotherapy regimens for the specified group of oncohematological patients. To calculate the cost of the average daily dose of anticancer drugs, we calculated the values of the patient's body area (m2 ), which corresponded to a person with a body weight of 70 kg. In our calculations, we used the data of those trade names of anticancer drugs under the international non-proprietary names that had the lowest price characteristics. All calculations had been carried out first in the Ukrainian national currency (UAH), and then they were converted into US $ at the rate of the National Bank of Ukraine as of 01.01.2020 (1 US dollar = 23.68 UAH). Table 1. Schemes of chemotherapy for acute forms of myeloid leukemia (scheme "7 + 3") Patient groups Applied chemotherapy schemes Analysed drugs, taking into account the form of release Patient group No. 1 (follow-up period - 1.5 years) Daunorubicin 60 mg mg / m² per day (1-3 days) Daunorubicin lyophil. powder for inj. 20 mg No. 1, Lens-Pharm (Russia) Cytosar® lyof. powder for inj. sol. 100 mg (fl.), with solvent in amp. 5 ml, No. 1, "Pfizer Italia" (Italy). Cytarabine - 100 mg / m² / day (1-7 days) Patient group No. 2 (follow-up period - 1.5 years) Daunorubicin 60 mg mg / m² per day (1-3 days) Cytarabine - 200 mg / m² / day (1-7 days) In addition to the methods of pharmacoeconomic research, we also used general scientific (historical, logical, graphic, comparative, structural, etc.) and mathematical and statistical methods of analysis and scientific research. The statistical data processing had been carried out using the statistical package StatSoft. Inc. (2014), Statistica version 12.7 (May 2015) and Excel spreadsheet. After a preliminary assessment of the data, all indicators were imported into a Statistica 6.0 standard program for the applied statistical analysis. A pvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant. 4 Results and discussion As a result of pharmacoeconomical research, we determined the value of the ratio of total medical expenses when using remission induction schemes of the first line of chemotherapy to the effectiveness of its use in two groups of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The results of the research are reflected in Table 2. In the first group of patients, the indicator of total medical expenses was US $ 831.48, and in the second group-US $ 1278.28. Thus, the use of the "7+3" scheme in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in a higher dosage of citarabine was 1.5 times more expensive than when using this scheme in the group of patients #1. At the same time, the indicator of clinical effectiveness in the second group of hematological patients was 1.6 times higher than in the case of using citarabine at a dose of 100 mg/m2 /day on day 1-7. Thus, when calculating the CEA index in the first group of patients, the result was 20.18 US $/per unit of clinical effectiveness (achieving complete remission in patients, in%), which is 5.0% more than when using the "7+3" scheme with a higher (200 mg/m2 /day on day 1-7) dosage of citarabine drugs. Thus, among the chemotherapy schemes there were no dominant methods in the organization of the treatment process. Then we calculated the value of the ICER indicator. The value of the ICER indicator was 418.19 UAH / per unit of effectiveness or ICER=17.66 US $/per unit of chemotherapy effectiveness. As we can see, despite the fact that the second group of patients used the "7+3" chemotherapeutic scheme, which contained citarabine at a dose that was twice higher than in the first group of patients, its use demonstrated higher indicators. That’s why chemotherapeutic regimen used in second group is 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003003 ILS 2020

more effective from the position of rational use of resources. Table 2. Results of pharmacoeconomical analysis "7+3" in chemotherapy of patients with acute myeloid leukemia ("CostEffectiveness" Method”) Data on the effectiveness of different chemotherapy schemes and cost indicators associated with their use in hospital settings Achieving complete remission, (% of patients) 13 Total medical expenses CEA indicator UAH. US $ UAH/ per unit efficiency US $/ per unit efficiency Group of patients #1: (scheme N1): daunorubicin 60 mg mg/m2 per day on the 1st-3rd day; citarabin – 100 mg/m2 /day on the 1st-7th day. 41,2 19689,45 831,48 477,86 20,18 Group of patients #2 (scheme N2): daunorubicin 60 mg mg/m2 per day on the 1st-3 rd day; citarabin-200 mg/m2 /day on 1st-7th day. 66,5 30269,67 1278,28 455,13 19,22 At the same time, it should be noted that the use of the "7+3" chemotherapy regimen in the dosage of citarabine 200 mg/m2 /day on day 1st-7th requires more careful supervision over the development of side effects from the use of antitumor drugs in patients with acute myeloid leukemia [6,8,13]. In the case of severe cytopenia and fungal infections, the effectiveness of chemotherapy may be significantly lower than in the group of patients receiving chemotherapy with cytarabine at a dosage of 100 mg / m2 / day on day 1st-7th. 5 Conclusion Stating the results of pharmacoeconomical studies of the use of two chemotherapy regimens (scheme "7+3") for acute myeloid leukemia using different dosages of citarabine, we can claim the following. Using a chemotherapy regimen ("7+3") with a dosage of citarabine 200 mg / m2 / day on day 1st-7th in the second group of patients allows to achieve a unit of treatment effectiveness at a lower cost, compared to the group of patients who treated with citarabine at a dosage that was twice less (100 mg/m2 /day on day 1-7). In the future, the presented research results can be used in the formation of programs for the rational use of limited health care resources in the purchase of anti-cancer drugs for oncohematological patients, as well as in the development of schemes for providing effective medical care to these groups of cancer patients. There is no doubt that the results of pharmacoeconomical studies of the rationality of using various chemotherapy regimens should be of priority importance in the implementation of the above measures. References 1. H. Döhner, D.J. Weisdorf, C.D. Bloomfield, N. Engl. J. Med.,. 373, p. 1136-1152 (2015) 2. F. L. Mabrey, K. M. Gardner, K. S. Dorcy, A. Perdue, H. A. Smith [et al.], Blood Adv., 4, 611–616 (2020) 3. Leunis, H.M. Blommestein, P.C. Huijgens, N.M. Blijlevens, M. Jongen-Lavrencic, C.A. Uyl-de Groo, Leuk. Res., 37, 245-250 (2013) 4. H. Döhner, E.H. Estey, S. Amadori, [et al.], Blood, 115, , p. 453-474 (2010) 5. F.R. Appelbaum, H. Gundacker, D.R. Head, [et al.], “Age and acute myeloid leukemia,” Blood., 107, p. 3481-3485 (2006) 6. F. Efficace, G. Kemmler, M. Vignetti, F. Mandelli, S. Molica, B. Holzner, Eur. J. Cancer, 44, p. 1497- 1506 9 (2008) 7. J.-Y. Cahn, M. Labopin, J. Sierra, D. Blaise, J. Reiffers, A. Ferrant [et al.], British Journal of Haematology, 110, p. 308-314 (2000) 8. S.-Ch. Heng, M. A. Slavin, D. Al-Badriyeh, S. Kirsa, J. F. Seymour [et al.], J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 68, 1669-1678 (2013) 9. G.J. Roboz, Novel approaches to the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia,: Hematology (Eduacation program book , San Diego), 43-50 (2011) 10. R.B. Walter, L.R. Taylor, K.M. Gardner, K.S. Dorcy, J.E. Vaughn, E.H. Estey, Clin Adv Hematol Oncol., 11. 571-577, (2013). 11. A.M. Stalfelt, H. Brodin, B. Wadman, Leuk. Res., 18, 783-790 (1994) 12. M.L. Savoie, T.J. Nevil, K.W. Song [et al.], Ann Oncol., 17, 763-768, (2006) 13. E.N. Parovichnikova, G.A. Klyasova, A.N. Sokolov [et al.], Therapeutic archive, 7, 10-15, (2012). 14. H.F. Fernandez, Z. Sun, X. Yao [et al.], N. Engl. J. Med., 361, 1249-1259, (2009) 15. T. Møller, O.J. Nielsen, P. Welinder [et al.], Eur. J Haematol., 84, 316-322 (2010) 16. O.A. Cornely, A. Bohme, D. Buchheidt [et al.], Haematologica, 94, 113–122, (2009) 17. T. Buchner, W.E. Berdel, C. Schoch [et al.], J. Clin. Oncol., 24, 2480-2489, (2006) 18. R.B. Walter, M. Othus, G. Borthakur [et al.], J. Clin. Oncol., 33, p. 4417-4423 (2011) 19. J. Crawford, D.C. Dale, N.M. Kuderer [et al.], J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw., 6, 109-118. (2008) 20. I.V. Spichak, Y.S. Dereglazova, A.S. Spichak [et al.], ,” Drug Invention Today, 11, 2395-2399, (2019) 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003003 ILS 2020

*Corresponding author: [email protected] The effect of isostatic pressing on the quality indicators of plant products (the example of Lonicera Caerulea L.) Vladimir Sorokopudov1 , Irina Zinoveva2 , Olga Sorokopudova1 , Alla Kuklina3 1Russian State Agrarian University -K.A. Timiryazev MAA Moscow, Russia 2 Institute of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Biology Belgorod State National Research University Belgorod, Russia 3FSBI The Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia Abstract. The results of studying quality indicators (organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological) puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle) before and after pressure treatment are presented. It was found that organoleptic and microbiological indicators meet the requirements established by the standard for these products. The content of organic acids in the puree during processing increases due to an increase in the level of lactic acid as a result of the destruction of sugars. The amount of vitamin C and sugars is reduced slightly. The content of anthocyanins undergoes the greatest changes, the amount of which decreases to a greater extent compared with other studied substances. 1 Introduction The requirements of the modern market increase the needs of industry in new technologies that meet the needs of modern consumers, including those related to the processing of plant materials. As a variant of the new technology, a non-thermal method for pasteurization of food products using ultra-high pressure can be considered. Despite the fact that they studied the inactivation of microorganisms by high pressure at the end of the 19th century [1-3], interest in the industrial use of this phenomenon arose only at the end of the 20th century [3-4]. Currently, the technology of processing food products with high pressure in order to increase their shelf life is becoming increasingly developed abroad. Ultra-high pressure settings are successfully used in Europe, North America, Japan and New Zealand, and very rarely in Russia [3, 5-9]. Analysis of literary sources, as well as preliminary experimental studies, allow us to consider the technology of isostatic pressing as promising for processing raw materials of plant origin [1]. Non-thermal method of pasteurization of food products using ultra-high pressure is an environmentally friendly technology, the advantages of which include: - the possibility of using for a wide range of products: meat and meat products, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits and their processed products, etc.; - the exclusion from the formulations of products subject to long-term storage, preservatives and additives that increase their shelf life; - preservation of organoleptic properties (taste, color, smell, texture), nutritional value and a significant increase in the shelf life of processed products; - cardinal destruction of microflora, including pathogenic microorganisms (Vibrio, Listeria, Esherihia coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, etc.), which significantly affects the safety of food use - compliance with modern environmental requirements; - low energy consumption of non-thermal processing; - the absence of deformation of processed food products, due to the uniform distribution of hydrostatic pressure (regardless of the volume and shape of the product), which reduces the processing time of the products. The high-pressure food processing technology has been successfully applied to achieve sterilization of products while maintaining texture and taste [7], using a pressure in the range of 100-800 MPa, a temperature of 20-80 °C, and holding time up to 30 minutes. The results obtained are significantly different and superior to those that give traditional methods of preserving products. However, there are a number of problems holding back the development of this technology using pressure. The main problem is the uncertainty in the choice of the physical parameters of the impact, since various combinations of pressure, temperature and holding time can give the same final result. In this regard, the selection of physical parameters of exposure and the development of isostatic pressing technology for plant products (fruits, berries and mushrooms) with an increased shelf life and high preservation of biologically active substances are relevant. When choosing a plant product as the object of study, the following fact was taken into account. Berry crops are used as food and have been used as a dietary and medicinal product since ancient times. Their nutritional and biological value are determined by the content of vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids, nitrous and © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003004 ILS 2020

tannins, and flavoring, coloring and aromatic substances contained in fruits and berries contribute to increased appetite [10]. However, they cannot be stored fresh for a long time while maintaining their quality characteristics, so they are subjected to various processing methods. Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L., family Caprifoliaceae) belongs to non-traditional berry crops and is valued for a very early fruiting period. In Central Russia, its fruits ripen 7-16 days before the ripening of wild strawberries and 20-30 days before blackcurrant. The advantages of this culture are annual productivity, fruit saturation with vitamins and their dietary qualities [11]. Honeysuckle fruits are extremely important in nutrition, since they are a source of vitamins such as C, P and provitamin A, as well as biologically active substances, including anthocyanins with antioxidant activity. Our body is not able to synthesize many antioxidants, therefore, in modern environmental conditions, the human diet must necessarily contain bioflavonoids that increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors, including chemical carcinogens and radiation [12]. The fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. are very tender and can be stored fresh for a short period. At the same time, it is precisely for plant raw materials that such a concept as seasonality is characteristic. Therefore, this type of raw material is more processed, therefore, the development of new technologies to produce a product suitable for long-term storage, preserving to the maximum extent the organoleptic characteristics, nutritional and biological value characteristic of the feedstock, is an important modern task. 3 Experimental The object of this study was puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle), studied before and after pressure treatment. When performing the work, the following research methods were used: - the assessment of organoleptic indicators was performed according to GOST 32742-2014 13; - determination of vitamin C – according to GOST 24556-89 14; - quantitative determination of the sum of anthocyanins was carried out by a differentiated spectrophotometric method 15; - determination of sugars – according to GOST 8756.13-87 16; - determination of titratable acidity – according to GOST ISO 750-2013 17; - microbiological indicators – according to GOST 30425-97 18. The aim of this work was to study the effect of isostatic pressing on the quality indicators of plant products (for example, Lonicera caerulea L.). Tasks: - to obtain experimental samples of puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L., processed by isostatic pressing; - to study quality indicators (organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological) mashed potatoes from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. before and after pressure treatment. 2 Results and discussion The developed storage technology of Lonicera caerulea L. using the isostatic pressing method includes the following operations: - fruit sorting in order to remove impurities and damaged specimens; - washing in running water; - grinding to a puree state; - packing in containers and packaging using a vacuum apparatus; - treat with isostatic pressure of 400 MPa for 30 minutes. Puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L., examined before and after isostatic pressure treatment. The organoleptic characteristics of puree met the requirements of GOST 32742-2014 13 (Table. 1). Studies to determine individual biologically active substances (Table 2) show that the content of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) slightly decreases during pressure treatment. Vacuum packaging eliminates the possibility of exposure to atmospheric oxygen on the processed product, thereby preventing the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. The rate of aerobic oxidation of ascorbic acid depends on the pH of the solution, reaching a maximum at pH 5 and 11.5. However, the fastest and most complete fragmentation occurs in an alkaline environment. Oxidative cleavage also occurs under anaerobic conditions, although more slowly. Slight destruction can be explained by the technology of processing honeysuckle fruits and preparing ready-made puree for pressure treatment. The content of anthocyanins is significantly reduced when exposed to pressure. Due to the high electrophilicity of the chromenilium cycle, the structure and, accordingly, the color of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins is determined by their sensitivity to pH: in an acidic environment (pH <3), anthocyanins (and anthocyanidins) exist in the form of pyrilic salts, when the pH increases to ~ 4-5, the hydroxide ion is added with the formation of a colorless pseudo base, with a further increase in pH to ~ 6-7, water is split off with the formation of the quinoid form, which, splits off the proton at pH ~ 7-8 with the formation of phenolate, and finally, at pH above 8, the quinoid phenolate hydrolyzes with rupture of the chromene cycle and the formation of the corresponding chalcone. The bulk of sugars in the fruits of honeysuckle is represented by monosaccharides - glucose and fructose. Fructose is easily converted to glucose. Sugar content in puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. fruits decreases during storage (Table 3). This is due to the fact that under anaerobic conditions, the process of glucose breakdown proceeds intensively with the formation of lactate (lactic acid) as the final product, which leads to a decrease in the amount of sugars and an increase in total 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003004 ILS 2020

acidity. Acidity during storage of Lonicera caerulea L. increases due to an increase in the level of lactic acid as a result of the destruction of sugars. Table 1. Characteristics of organoleptic quality indicators of puree from fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. before and after processing by pressure Name of indicator Characteristic according to GOST 32742-2014 Characteristic of the studied samples before processing after proces sing Appearance Homogeneous puree mass without particles, fibers, peels, seeds, stalks and leaves Corresponds Taste and smell Well defined, inherent in the taste and smell of the fruits of which puree mass is prepared. Foreign smack and odor not allowed Corresponds Consistency Puree fluid mass Corresponds Colour Homogeneous throughout the mass, inherent in the colour of the used fruits Corresponds Table 2. Content of biologically active substances in puree from fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. before and after processing by pressure Biologically active substances Content, mg% before processing after processing Vitamin C 60,50 ± 0,20 56,98 ± 0,26 Anthocyanins 330,89 ± 3,11 256,04 ± 5,97 The microbiological characteristic gives the most complete picture of the storage process of puree from fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. before and after pressure treatment. The development of microorganisms is one of the main reasons for reducing the quality of the food product during storage. The source of infection of the products is mainly raw materials. Seeding can also occur during the preparation of raw materials, their processing, with insufficiently thorough washing of equipment, with emergency delays in the process. Given that puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. is a product of long-term storage, special attention should be paid to microbiological purity 19. In this regard, studies have been conducted to determine a number of microbiological parameters characteristic of this group of products. For puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L., during microbiological studies, the following microorganisms were analyzed: aerobes (industrial sterility), anaerobes, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fungi. The microflora was determined for puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L., processed in vacuum (control) on the day of its preparation. The study of Petri dishes with microflora seeded showed that in the puree, not processed by physical action (vacuum, pressure), 3 groups of microorganisms are seeded (Table 4). Among aerobes and facultative aerobes, Bacillus subtilis, whose colonies are pinkish in color, smooth, shiny, is most common. The largest number of microorganisms was detected during plating on Blikfeld's medium: before the treatment puree revealed 111–104 colonies per 1 g. Colonies, typical for this medium, are white, shiny, very small. Morphologically, we have identified as representatives of the genus Lactobacter. On Saburo's medium, the most common microorganisms were yeast; from fungi, they were noted in the sowing from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. - Rhizopus nigricans Ehr., Which causes such a disease of the fruit as gray mold. Table 3. Sugar and organic acid content in puree from fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. before and after pressure treatment Name of indicator Content, % before processing after processing Sugars 12,84 ± 0,23 11,45 ± 0,18 Acidity 1,99 ± 0,15 2,13 ± 0,10 Table 4. Dynamics of microflora in puree of Lonicera caerulea L. fruits before and after pressure treatment Pressure/p rocessing time, min Microorganisms Content, colonies/g before processing after processi ng 400/30 Aerobes 30104 1104 Lactic acid bacteria 111104 0 Mushrooms and yeast 2104 0 Exposure to a pressure of 400 MPa with an exposure of 30 minutes led to the complete inactivation of lactic acid bacteria and fungi. Sowing of Bacillus subtilis is detected on a nutrient medium in an amount of up to 1 colony, which fully complies with GOST 30425-97 19 for products of the type under study. This information is fully consistent with foreign literature that describes the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores under pressure from 6 MPa. 4 Conclusion Thus, it was found that in puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L., which was processed with high pressure (400 MPA, exposure 30 min), according to organoleptic characteristics, it meets the requirements of the standard. The amount of vitamin C, as well as the sugar content in puree, is slightly reduced. The organic acid content of puree storage is increased by increasing the level of lactic acid as a result of the breakdown of sugars. To a greater extent during storage, a decrease in the number of anthocyanins occurs. Exposure to a pressure of 400 MPa with an exposition of 30 min of puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. leads to complete inactivation of lactic acid bacteria, fungi and yeast and a decrease in the number of aerobes, namely B. subtilis, by 30 times. 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003004 ILS 2020

REFERENCES 1. V.N. Sorokopudov, A.G. Kuklina, N.I Myachikova., and I.G. Movchan, “Innovative technologies of healthy nutrition products”, (Publishing House of FSBEI HE MichGAU, Michurinsk: p. 95–100, 2015) 2. B.H. Hite, N. I. Giddings, and C. E. Weakly, Morgantown. Bull. W.V. Univ. Agric. (Exp. Stat Morgantown), 146, 1–65, (1914) 3. C.E. Leadly and A. Williams, New Technologies Bull, 14, Mar., 39–45, (1997) 4. K. Autio, “Fresh novel foods by high pressure”, VTT Symposium: Technical Research Center of Finland, p. 199–201, (1998) 5. H. Royer, Arch. Phisiol. Normale Pathol, 7, 12–19, (1895) 6. B.H. Hite, “Morgantown. Bull. W.V. Univ. Agric, (Exp. Stat Morgantown), 58,15–35, (1898) 7. D. Farr, Trends Food Sci. Technol. Int. ,. 1, 75–80, (1995) 8. D. Robert, New Technoogy, 9, 39–55, (1993) 9. G. Tewari, D.S. Jayas, and R.A. Holley, Science des Aliments, 19, 619–661, (1999) 10. V.N. Sorokopudov, O.A. Sorokopudova, A.G. Kuklina, and N.I. Myachikova, “ Wild berry crops - a source of biologically active substances as an essential component of human nutrition and health”,in Environmental aspects of human, animal and plant life (Publishing House "Belgorod" NRU BelSU, Belgorod, p. 121–139, 2017) 11. V.N. Sorokopudov, A.G. Kuklina, and M.T. Upadyshev, Varieties of edible honeysuckle: biology and the basics of cultivation. Moscow: FSBSI RFIHN, (2018) 12. A.G. Kuklina, V.N. Sorokopudov, M.T. Upadyshev, O.A. Sorokopudova, and G.A Prishchepina, Bulletin of the Russian Agricultural Science, 5. p. 41–45, (2017) 13. GOST 32742-2014. Semi-finished products. Canned fruit and vegetable purees aseptically. Specifications (as amended), (Standartinform, Moscow, 2014) 14. GOST 24556-89. Products of processing fruits and vegetables. Methods for determination of vitamin C, Moscow: PPC Standards Publishing House, (2003)M. Giusti and R.E. Wrolstad, “Characterization and Measurement of Anthocyanins by UV-Visible Spectroscopy”, Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, F1.2.1–F1.2.13, (2001) 15. GOST 8756.13-87. Products of processing fruits and vegetables. Methods for the determination of sugars, Moscow: Standartinform, (2010) 16. GOST ISO 750-2013. Products of processing fruits and vegetables. Determination of titratable acidity (Reprint), Moscow: Standartinform, (2018) 17. GOST 30425-97. Canned food. Method for determining industrial sterility, Moscow: Standartinform, (2011) 18. J.C. Cheftel, Review: Food Sci. Technol. Int., 1, p. 85–90, (1995) 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003004 ILS 2020

*Corresponding author: [email protected] SWOT analysis as a strategic tool for developing the quality management system of an educational organization Irina Spichak1* , Svetlana Stenyushkina2 , Igor Polevoy2 , Anastasia Nazarova2 , and Svetlana Kucheryavenko2 1 Institute of pharmacy, chemistry and biologyvBelgorod State National Research University Belgorod, Russia 2 Institute of Economics and Management Belgorod State National Research University Belgorod, Russia Abstract. The article discusses the need to implement effective risk management tools in the quality management system of an educational organization, due to the increasing requirements of the external environment, increasing competition, and the globalization of the educational space. The main focus is on SWOT analysis as one of the reliable and effective tools for qualitative analysis of the organization's strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The article highlights the features of using SWOT analysis in the process of risk management of an educational organization. 1 Introduction The current stage of development of the management system in the field of education is characterized by the consequences of internationalization and globalization of the educational space, increased competition, increasing instability and uncertainty of the external environment, for which it is necessary to create adequate diagnostic procedures for risk situations, management methods and tools, and create new requirements for the qualification of personnel. To do this, risk management tools are increasingly used, which is an integral part of strategic management in an educational organization, and allows to determine possible deviations from the planned results of activities and predict the onset of risk events in time. Recently, it has become obvious that new methods and technologies of risk management in educational organizations should be used instead of the old ones, which have already lost their strength and effectiveness. In this regard, educational organizations tend to focus on the needs and requirements of stakeholders, diagnose risk events at an early stage, and provide for the impact of negative consequences of risk situations at the stage of planning educational activities. Risk management should be carried out at various levels – this will allow to best control risks and take preventive measures. Thus, risk management should be an integrated system, not an independent one. Integrated risk management is a new concept of risk management, which is a structured and consistent approach characterized by pooling resources in order to reduce uncertainties in relation to a changing set of risks through the integration of a risk management system and a system of operational and strategic management [1]. The main features of an integrated approach to risk management in an educational organization are: 1. Continuity of the risk management process. 2. Coverage of all types of activities - the entire set of risks of an educational organization and possible measures for their management are considered. 3. Risk management is considered as a separate structural element integrated into the overall management system. 4. Coordination by senior management and active use of motivation tools for personnel involved in risk management. 5. Using a variety of methods and tools to identify and assess risks, as well as opportunities that arise during the implementation of a risk event in order to influence them to enhance the expected positive effect or minimize negative consequences. 2 Main part To identify risks and opportunities of an educational organisation, their ratings and further define actions for dealing with them, it mainly uses the analysis of various documentation and numerous methods and tools for collecting information (some of them are brainstorming, Delphi method, expert survey, analogy method, and SWOT analysis). Then the risk assessment is performed, and we compare the results of the risk analysis with the established criteria to determine whether the risk and its probability are acceptable or reasonable. This contributes to making a decision about the impact on risk. Risk assessment should be performed at least once a year. The probability of risk can be determined on a 5- point scale (Table 1). The acceptable limit in BSU is the average probability of risk. Risks below the acceptable limit may be accepted without a risk management plan. Otherwise, risk management actions are developed and should be documented. The next step after the risk assessment is to analyse the factors for the probability of risks, their impact, proximity and expected price of the risk event [2]. Quantitative and qualitative methods can be used in assessing the identified risks. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003005 ILS 2020

Quantitative risk assessment consists in determining the numerical values corresponding to general and individual risks and ranking them by the degree of influence. Quantitative analysis allows to calculate the numerical values of the possibility of occurrence of risk events and their consequences, during its conduct, permits to made quantitative assessment of the degree of risk events and to identify the level of risk possible in a particular situation. Qualitative risk assessment involves identifying the interdependence between the causes and risk factors, and assessing the conditions for their occurrence. It means determining the sources and causes of risk; forming stages and works in which the risk appears; identifying all possible risks; calculating profit and loss when making a risk decision. The qualitative analysis is based on the conclusions of experts (risk managers), as a result of which the subjectivity of such assessments reduces the validity of the results obtained. An additional increase in the reliability of the analysis results can be achieved by quantitative structuring of the estimated factors. One of the most effective expert methods of qualitative risk analysis is SWOT analysis - an approach based on comparing the opposite qualities of the evaluated object. The results of SWOT analysis are formalized in the form of a table containing four sections and allowing you to clearly contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, its opportunities and threats. Based on the structural analysis, further research is conducted, including ranking of the identified factors and pairwise combination of strengths and weaknesses of the educational organization, its opportunities and threats. All this is reflected in the compilation of four lists: 1) opportunities built on the strengths of the project; 2) strengths that can be reduced by the possibility of threats; 3) weaknesses that do not allow you to use the capabilities of the organization; 4) project weaknesses that make the organization vulnerable to threats. Then measures are developed to overcome the most serious weaknesses and counter the most powerful threats [3]. 3 Results and discussion The following table (Table II) shows the results of the SWOT analysis of BSU as of 01.01.2020, taking into account the specifics of educational activities, which were worked out by the quality commissioners of BSU. After identification of threats, their assessment and analysis, the stage of choosing the method of exposure to risks comes, which is carried out mainly in two ways: reduction and preservation. Reducing risk implies reducing either the extent of possible damage or the likelihood of adverse events. There are three main ways to reduce risk. 1. Rejection of risk (avoidance of an event associated with risk, refusal of any operations/investments that carry an unacceptable risk for the educational organization, and therefore refusal of profit). 2. Reduction of risk (reservation, limitation, distribution, minimization). 3. Transfer of risk (insurance, hedging, and distribution). It is important to note that this method is rarely used by educational organizations. Risk transfer measures mean transferring responsibility for it to third parties while maintaining the existing level of risk. Keeping the risk at the existing level, which means creating special reserve funds that will contain funds to compensate for losses in the event of adverse events, is also rarely used in the practice of Russian universities. Risk management is determined by the effectiveness of the interaction process between all stakeholders in risk management. Risk management is carried out both in the internal and external educational environment, which confirms the need to interact with internal and external participants in this process. Risk management in higher education requires a clear distribution of powers and responsibilities that are necessary for making management decisions. In order to ensure full risk management, it is important first of all to establish effective interaction within the educational organization. Risk management is the responsibility of the top management. Its prerogative is to distribute responsibility and authority among the relevant employees. Decisions made in the risk management process must meet the requirements of Russian legislation and quality objectives. It is important to establish an optimal balance between the level of risk responsibility and the ability to control this risk [4]. The risk management process in the quality management system of BSU can be represented as follows. The quality management center summarizes information about risks, opportunities and defining actions for handling them in the processes of production and service delivery, procurement management and annually includes it in the draft report on the analysis of the quality management system by management. Table 1. Scale evaluation of risk events probability Assessment of risk probability Interpretation Point Quality 1 Very low The risk will not appear. The probability of a risk event occurring no more than 1 time in 5 years. 2 Low The risk is not likely to appear. The probability of a risk event occurring 1 time in 4 years. 3 Average There is a possibility that risk may or may not be appear. The probability of a risk event occurring 1 time in 3 years. 4 High The risk is likely to appear. The risk event is likely to occur in the next two years. 5 Very high There is a high probability of risk. The risk event is likely to occur in the next year 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003005 ILS 2020

Table 2. Results of SWOT analysis for BSU on 01.01.2020 Factors S - Strengths W-Weaknesses O-Opportunities T-Threats Educational activity A wide range of competitive training areas and specialties of higher education, secondary vocational education and additional vocational education. Availability of licenses and accreditation of educational programs. Functioning of the system of independent assessment of the quality of education. Modern educational space. Design, development and implementation of educational programs that meet the requirements of professional standards/selfestablished standards. Low demand for individual unique educational programs. Opening new areas of training to meet the needs of the market. Expanding the forms of work with underperforming students. Development of combined and mixed education. Implementation of project activities. International cooperation development. High competition in the market for educational services. Demographic crisis in the country. Reducing the acceptance control numbers. Scientific and innovative activities and products Lack of foreign and domestic analogues for certain types of scientific and technical products. Availability of scientific and innovative infrastructure, including small innovative enterprises. Victories in competitions for grants for research and development. Uniqueness of research and development results. Wear and tear of scientific laboratory equipment. Development of scientific design taking into account the requirements of enterprises and organizations in the real sector of the economy. Formation of mobile scientific groups on subprocesses of scientific and innovative activity. Increase in patents. Opening of innovative projects taking into account the needs of industry. Risk of insufficient financing of innovative projects. Stricter conditions for competitions for the implementation of scientific projects. Passive demand for scientific and technical products. Price policy Flexible system of payment forms, cofinancing, availability of discounts. Restrictions on setting tuition fees. Individual approach to cofinancing the cost of training in certain areas of training. Increasing the cost of educational services. Falling solvency of the population. Dumping policy of competitors. Employment, implementatio n of scientific and innovative activities products Availability of longterm contracts for cooperation with basic enterprises and organizations. Experience in implementing complex projects of high-tech production. Insufficient transfer of scientific and technical products. Development of the target training system. Participation of students in the WorldSkills professional skills championship The lack of enterprises interest for young employees. The risk of organizations refusing to sign contracts for targeted training. Promotion of educational services, scientific and innovative products The presence of a specialized division that organizes the acceptance campaign. A variety of forms of career guidance and advertising materials. Positive image of the University in the organizations of the Limited advertising budget. Development of corporate radio and television, official website. The lack of demand for patents by the enterprises. 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003005 ILS 2020

Factors S - Strengths W-Weaknesses O-Opportunities T-Threats region. Publications in print media. Broadcasts of events. Personnel, their potential, qualifications, interests Highly qualified teaching staff. The system of competitive selection of teachers and researchers. System of training of scientific personnel and personnel reserve. Certification of teachers. Introduction of a rating system. Incentives for research supervisors, postgraduates, doctoral students and applicants. Insufficient level of practical training of scientific and pedagogical workers. Increasing the average age of the teaching staff. Aging of frames. Staff optimization. Development of social programs. Housing construction in order to attract and retain qualified personnel. Outflow of young scientists. Consumers Monitoring of consumer satisfaction in the field of educational services. Organization of preparatory courses. Cooperation agreement. Availability of a database of companies and organizations interested in specialists. Requirements for practical experience of graduates. The development of contractual relations with the potential customers. Development of the system of basic departments. Risk of dissatisfaction with the needs and expectations of consumers. Providers Interaction with suppliers on a long-term contractual basis. Low level of school preparation “on entry”. Organization of preparatory courses, including on a distance basis. Expanding the target admission. Reducing the quality of educational services in schools. Partners Exchange of information. Involvement in research and development. Developed partnerships with industrial enterprises, organizations and institutions in the country and region. Engaging in joint implementation of socially significant projects and programs, attracting investment. Insufficient use of opportunities from the partnership Joint analysis of partnership development opportunities, involvement of partners in the joint development of the University's strategy. Evaluating, recognizing and rewarding partners' efforts and achievements. The risk of reducing the number of joint projects being implemented. Competitors Unique in the city scientific, educational and innovative University with multilevel training. Practiceoriented educational institution. The development of key partnerships. High cost of training in certain areas of training. Co-financing the cost of training. Dumping policy of competitors. Educational technologies and processes Availability of basic departments. Highquality educational and methodological support. Accessible practice of students at the leading enterprises of the country. Organization of foreign practices and internships. Application Insufficient number of online courses. The expansion of online courses. Updating the educational and material base. Widespread use of distance learning technologies by competitors. 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003005 ILS 2020

Factors S - Strengths W-Weaknesses O-Opportunities T-Threats of information technologies in the educational process. High level of availability of computer equipment and information resources. Financial condition Various sources of funding (from the Federal budget, grants; educational services on a commercial basis; research and development under contracts). The transparency of the budget. Large property complex. Development of the financial risk management system. Reduction of budget and extrabudgetary funding. Management organization Involvement of staff in management through collegial bodies (councils, commissions, meetings). Transparency of management decisionmaking: the annual report of the Rector and the senior administration on the activities before the conference of the workforce. Availability of a quality management system and development of internal audit. Leadership of managers. Lack of approved standards and regulations for the functioning of individual processes. Using project management methods. Development of a quality management system and formation of a lean production system. The complexity of risks and opportunities managing in a turbulent economy Organizational culture Unity of goals of the University and its employees. The system of initiative support and assistance to subordinates from the Rector's office. Reward system. Fragmentary level of compliance with business etiquette by individual employees and students. Support for a business atmosphere and a healthy social climate. Support for personal initiatives and free expression of opinion. Development of corporate values. The risk of reducing the level of culture in society. Actions to manage and identify risks and opportunities in the form of events are reflected in the University's development strategy, in the road maps of target programs, in the work plans of the University and its structural divisions, in lists of instructions from the rector and academic Council, and so on. The heads of structural divisions together with the quality commissioners during planning, at least once a year, determine which of the factors identified in the SWOT analysis are the most important and can have a significant impact on the ability of the division to provide educational services that meet the requirements of consumers and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Actions to deal with the assessed risks and opportunities in the form of measures aimed at minimizing risks and maximizing available opportunities are included in the quality assurance plan of the relevant process in order to prevent or reduce the undesirable impact of risks, eliminate the reasons for preventing their recurrence, use existing opportunities to ensure continuous improvement of the University's quality management system in general and its structural divisions in particular. The assessment of actions to handle risks and opportunities effectiveness is carried out at the end of the academic year by making a record of the risk probability assessment by the head of the process in the structural divisions after the introduction of risk management measures in the “Completed” column of the quality assurance plan on a five-point scale: “1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”. If a risk event still occurred and had a negative impact on the activities of the educational organization, the risk event receives the status of “problem”. Such problems are recorded in a special register. Educational organizations that implement lean manufacturing tools use visual boards with information about problem management. These visual boards usually contain a brief description of the problem, the owner of the problem, the place and time of its occurrence, the severity of the 5 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003005 ILS 2020

problem, the necessary actions and deadlines for solving it, the status of actions and the status of the problem [5]. The effectiveness of processes in relation to risks and opportunities is reflected in: reports on the analysis of the quality management system by management at the level of both structural divisions and the University as a whole; in the report on the results of self-examination of BSU in the framework of collecting information when Monitoring the effectiveness of higher education institutions. 4 Conclusions Thus, we can conclude that the operating environment of educational organizations is currently characterized by accelerated changes, globalization, instability, and constantly increasing requirements for the quality of services, which requires the use of effective strategic tools and risk management methods. The success of identifying risks and opportunities in the implementation of risk management depends on the use of various approaches to risk assessment and analysis, one of which is SWOT analysis. In the process of risk management, participation and interaction of all employees of the educational organization is of great importance, which requires a high level of communication development at the University and a high organizational culture. Identification of risks and opportunities should become an integral part of the quality management system of educational organizations and contribute to their continuous improvement and dynamic development. References 1. V.Khmyrov, Social and political Sciences, 3, 82-85 (2013) 2. L.Kanaeva, Research result. Sociology and management, 4, 42-46 (2015) 3. V. Podgornov, Bulletin of the Adygeya State University. Series 5: Economics, IV, 309-314 (2012) 4. O. Golub, Bulletin of the Saratov state socioeconomic University, 2, p. 142–145 (2012) 5. V.Ivanov, A. Selezneva, Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. The Series: Psychology and Pedagogics, 1, 70-77 (2015) 6 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003005 ILS 2020

*Corresponding author: [email protected] The expert evaluation systems in drug development Elena Zhilyakova1,* , Ok Savin2 , Alexandra Baskakova1 , and Natalia Avtina1 1Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia 2Royal University of Agriculture, Dangkao Section, southwest Phnom Penh, Cambodia Abstract. This study investigates the unique properties and criteria of use intellectual systems in drug delivery. The traditional methods of pharmaceutical drug development are limited in the field of usability. In connection with the above mentioned, the task of development and creation of the intellectual system allowing to choose active pharmaceutical ingredients, auxiliary substances, which will be based on the expert system and information base of knowledge in the field of pharmaceutical production and it should be of current scientific and practical relevance. The most commonly used type of intelligent systems today are expert systems, which are computer systems capable of partially replacing a highly qualified specialist in his or her field of competence through the knowledge previously obtained from him or her. That is why expert systems are accepted to be considered together with knowledge bases, which are models of specialists' behavior in a certain field, and for decision-making procedures of logical conclusion are applied. The field of application of expert systems is absolutely unlimited. A vivid example is their use in diagnostic tasks of modern medicine. 1 Introduction Pharmaceutical development (FD) is an essential stage in the life cycle of medicines. According to the modern provisions adopted in countries with developed pharmaceutical industry, FD is called upon to implement the principles of planned quality. Various aspects of pharmaceutical development are considered in documents adopted by international organizations. Methodological guidelines for pharmaceutical development contain a document adopted by the International conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of medicines for humans - ICH Q8, reflecting the stages, content, logic and requirements [1]. According to this document planned quality, or quality by development, provides "a systematic approach to development based on sound scientific evidence and product quality risk management that begins with the definition of objectives and focuses on understanding the product and process and controlling the latter”. Only from the point of view of the planned quality FD will be a kind of guarantee for the production of quality, efficient and safe medicines [2]. Today, one of the least standardized and formalized stages of development of the finished dosage form is the stage of pharmaceutical development. The purpose of pharmaceutical development is to create a medicine of appropriate quality and justify the process of its production with the given characteristics. Principally, the adoption of the QbD approach should ensure the creation of a medicine of a given quality with minimal risk [3]. Central to the QbD approach are experimental studies, in which, in turn, the analytical and informational support of research necessary to control the technological process itself and the product produced are of paramount importance. 2 Problem statement Currently, there is a need to classify and systematize knowledge in this area in order to create effective tools to reduce development time, which is a limiting stage when a new medicine enters the market. In connection with the above mentioned, the task of development and creation of the intellectual system allowing to choose active pharmaceutical ingredients, auxiliary substances, which will be based on the expert system and information base of knowledge in the field of pharmaceutical production and it should be of current scientific and practical relevance. The most commonly used type of intelligent systems today are expert systems, which are computer systems capable of partially replacing a highly qualified specialist in his or her field of competence through the knowledge previously obtained from him or her [4]. That is why expert systems are accepted to be considered together with knowledge bases, which are models of specialists' behavior in a certain field, and for decisionmaking procedures of logical conclusion are applied. The field of application of expert systems is absolutely unlimited. A vivid example is their use in diagnostic tasks of modern medicine. These systems implement procedures to identify the relationship between failures in the human body and the potential causes of their occurrence, which allows physicians to make more accurate diagnoses, and take into account a greater number of factors [5]. Besides, the main directions of application of expert systems are planning, the control and management of resources in © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03006 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003006 ILS 2020

areas of logistics, marketing and management of the enterprises that allows to optimize considerably processes of manufacture, distribution, etc., including by working out of medical products as the given processes occupy a significant enough part of life cycle of manufacture of medical products [6]. 3 Purpose of the study The key stage in the implementation of any expert system is a clear understanding and adherence to the principles of information support for process control systems. According to the literature, there are several methods and models for assessing information systems, including expert systems based on databases. The disadvantages of the assessment methods described earlier are their lack of systematization and complexity of application, lack of uniform terminology and insignificant practical application. 4 Results and discussion The results of expert systems should be evaluated according to their characteristics such as usability, ease of improvement and impact on users who do not use expert systems. However, most authors identify their efficiency and effectiveness as the most important indicators of expert systems. Efficiency is understood as a level of achievement of the purpose in the set conditions, connected with results of decision-making, received on an output, that is efficiency of correlation of inputs (resources) and outputs [7]. Efficiency means the use of the smallest amount of resources, however, on the other hand, efficiency can be verified by feedback from users of the expert system. This method of evaluating the efficiency of an expert system allows to make sure that it meets the interests of users and meets their needs [8]. Cascant and others also describe user satisfaction as an indicator of high efficiency of the expert system, which allows increasing the number of users using the expert system to solve their problems [9]. Evaluation can be presented as a process that allows increasing the use, quality and usefulness of the expert system. An important point in the evaluation of expert systems is the necessity to consider the expert system not as an isolated object, but as a working tool used to achieve certain goals. The review of literature has revealed some parameters for the evaluation of expert systems. These parameters clearly show that the productivity of expert systems should be evaluated from the point of view of influence of users, system and organization, where the expert system is implemented, on each other. P. Miranda and co-authors in their research note that in this case users are responsible for the performance of the tasks [10]. Mauldin, E. and the co-authors emphasize in their research the fact that the interdependence between these objects acts as a determining factor for the realization of a given task [11]. Expert systems help to reduce the time spent on medicine development as well as the burden on researchers. Expert systems generate profits for the organizations in which they are implemented, for example, by leading to more accurate and informed decision-making and by reducing time spent on tasks [12]. Users, with the proper use of expert systems, increase productivity in the organization. As it was described earlier, the majority of methods of an estimation of expert systems on the literary data have no structured parameters of an estimation of expert systems. Parameters which can be used at an estimation of productivity of expert systems, have been grouped for their further identification and systematization according to a role of the subjects participating at an estimation of expert system: the user, expert system and the organization [13]. Table 1 presents the parameters and criteria for evaluation of expert systems. From the point of view of the user of the expert system, three parameters can be distinguished, according to which the system can be evaluated: usability, utility, quality. The parameter "usability" is described by foreign authors as ease of use of the system [14]. One more parameter, considered from the user's point of view, for estimation of productivity of expert system is "utility". The "utility" is understood as what benefit the user of the expert system gets. Performance of the system should be estimated according to its usefulness. In order to determine whether the expert system meets expectations, it is necessary to understand whether the expert system will be used to solve the user's tasks despite the existing difficulties or inconveniences. The technical definition established by the International organization for standardization (ISO) describes the term "quality" as usability. This suitability needs to be confirmed [15, 16]. Table 2 presents the criteria that are related to the criterion of "quality": reliability, quality of the obtained solution of the problem, consistency, update time, coherence, response time. From the system point of view, two parameters have been defined for the evaluation of expert systems: interface and structure. The interface and structure parameters allow the criteria to be identified according to the software and hardware aspects. The “interface” parameter corresponds to the system design and should provide access to information. The interface in the expert system is a set of characteristics that users apply when interacting with the system. Thus, the interface is all that is available to the user to control the system how the system should react to the user's actions. To evaluate the "interface" parameter five criteria are defined: ease of use, quality of proposed solutions, appearance, ease of search, quality of data input and display. The next parameter related to the system is structure. Criteria for evaluation of this parameter are stability, number of errors, processing of operations, history, processing time of operations. From the point of view of the organization that implements expert systems, there are two parameters that have been defined to evaluate expert systems: productivity and profit. Criteria for evaluation of the parameter "productivity": motivation, task optimization, profit, reports, efficiency, cost and efficiency. These criteria evaluate aspects related to financial turnover and economic activities, which are mentioned in the studies. 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03006 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003006 ILS 2020

The parameter "profit" emphasizes the connection between the expectations associated with investments in the development of expert systems and the expected income. The main criteria of this parameter are competitiveness, cost minimization and return on investment. Table 1. The parameters and criteria for evaluation of expert systems Subjects Parameters Criteria User Usability Study Efficiency Allowable error Satisfaction Performance Expediency Utility Scale Expediency Quality Credibility The quality of the obtained solution to the problem Coherence Update time Coherence Response time Expert system Interface Ease of use Quality of proposed solutions Appearance Search simplicity Quality of data input and display Structure Stability Number of mistakes Processing operations History Operations Processing Time Organization Productivity Motivation Task optimization Profit Reports Performance Cost Efficiency Profit Competitiveness Return on investment Cost reduction Table 2. The related criteria to the "quality" parameter Criteria Description Credibility User confidence in system solutions Coherence The integrity of the presentation of information in the system Coherence The ability of the system to correspond to reality (relevance of decisions) The quality of the obtained solution to the problem Quality of problem solving Update time The ability of the system to make decisions in a short time, and also to be updated in the decision-making process Response time The time during which the user expects a response from the system, from the time of the request to the decision 5 Conclusion Thus, the offered criteria of an estimation of expert systems can be used at their working out and introduction in a production cycle of the organizations which are engaged in working out of medical products that will allow to reach growth of the income and decrease in expenses for decision-making by ordinary employees that will increase their productivity and will reduce labor inputs. References 1. M.F. Simões, G. Silva, A.C. Pinto, M. Fonseca, N.E. Silva, R.M.A. Pinto, and S. Simões, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 152, 282-295 (2020) 2. D.J. am Ende and M.T. am Ende, Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, 2nd ed., (NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, 2019) 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03006 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003006 ILS 2020

3. J.A. Selekman, J. Qiu, K. Tran, J. Stevens, V. Rosso, E. Simmons, Y. Xiao, and J. Janey, Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 8, p. 525-547, (2017) 4. M. Kanatov, L. Atymtayeva, and B. Yagaliyeva, “Expert systems for Information Security Management and Audit. Implementation phase issues,” (IEEE, С. SCIS&ISIS. Kitakyushu, Japan, 2014) 5. K. Fielding, A. Long, N. McSweeney, M. Payne, and E. Smoraczewska, Drug Design Strategies: Quantitative Approaches, 11, 279-311 (2012) 6. M. Grechanik and B.M.M. Hossain, “Enhancing performance and reliability of rule management platforms ICPE 2015 - Proceedings of the 6th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering,” p. 187-198 (2015) 7. G. González Rodríguez, J.M. Gonzalez-Cava, and J.A. Méndez Pérez, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 31 (5), 1257-1273 (2020) 8. C. Anumba and D. Scott, Structural Survey Journal, 19(5), 222–232. (2001) 9. P. Cascante, M. Plaisent, L. Maguiraga, P. Bernard, Information Resources Management Journal, 15(4), 64–78 (2002) 10. P. Miranda, P. Isaias, and M. Crisostomo, “Expert systems evaluation proposal,” In: Smith, M.J., Salvendy, G. (eds.), (HCII, LNCS, Springer, Heidelberg, 2007) 11. E. Mauldin, Journal of Information Systems, 1, 19– 41, (2003) 12. G. Guida and G. Mauri, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 5(2), 204–224 (1993) 13. A. Cojocariu, A. Munteanu, and O. Sofran, Computational Economics, (2005), 0510002, EconWPA 14. D. Waterman, A Guide to Expert System. Reading (Mass.) etc.: Addison-Wesley, Cop., 1986.ISO/IEC 25010:2011(en) Systems and software engineering – Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) – System and software quality model. 15. N. Bevan, J. Carter, J. Earthy, T. Geis, and S. Harker, “New ISO Standards for Usability, Usability Reports and Usability Measures,” in International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Part I, M. Kurosu, ed., 9731, p. 268–278 (2016) 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 03006 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213003006 ILS 2020

Mobility of сarbohydrates in tulip bulbs Tatyana Glubsheva1 , Elena Dumacheva1 , Svetlana Grigorenko2 , Elizaveta Zyateva1 , and Evgenia Tarasenko3 1Department of Biology Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia 2Department of Foreign Languages and Professional Communication Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia 3Department of Сhemistry Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia Abstract. Quantitative determination of carbohydrates in Tulip bulbs by spectrophotometry using a method that allows determining the content of monosaccharides, soluble oligosaccharides and starch in a single sample was conducted. The mobility of carbohydrates within the Tulip bulb in conditions of forcing and growing in the open ground is demonstrated. 1 Introduction It is known that bulbs contain 7-21 % of dry matter, including 4-16 % of carbohydrates. Among them, there are monosaccharides and oligosaccharides and polysaccharides formed from them during polymerization [1]. Carbohydrates are the primary products of biosynthesis. They are formed during photosynthesis and they act as the main nutrient and main support material for plant cells and tissues. Carbohydrates are involved in many metabolic processes, but they are primarily the main energy suppliers [2]. Spare carbohydrates can cross over into each other [3, 4, 5, 6]. The main reserve carbohydrate is starch, which decomposes under the action of a enzymes-amylases group and with the participation of hormones. Glucose and other monosaccharides are known to be the main sources of energy. Sucrose and other oligosaccharides act as intermediate compounds and play an important role in regulating plant growth and development [6]. These transformations have a strict dependence on morphological, anatomical and physiological transformations [3, 7, 8]. Variability of carbohydrate and hormonal status of bulb tissues and its influence on the number of flowers is shown [3]. It is known that in varietal tulips, temperature fluctuations affect the ratio of various carbohydrates, and under unfavorable conditions, rapid depletion of energy resources of the tissues storing scales can occur [8]. These changes require energy and plastic substances. The synchronous nature of transformations is of both scientific and practical interest. Simultaneous determination of different forms of carbohydrates in plant material allows us to establish the regularities of these substances metabolism at different stages of ontogenesis. The purpose of our study is to demonstrate the change in the content of various carbohydrates of bulbs when growing in open and protected dirt from the bulbs that have passed the same dormant period, when all the elements of the generative shoot and flower were laid. 2 Experimantal The mobility of spare carbohydrates in Tulip bulbs during distillation and cultivation in the open dirt (the garden) was studied in the laboratory using the method of determining the content of water-soluble sugars and starch from a single sample [9]. The object of the study was Tulip bulbs of the “Parad” variety, the class of "Darwin hybrids". The bulbs were planted in the open dirt in October, when the average daily temperature was 6-9 °C [10]. For distillation, the bulbs were placed in the refrigerator for cooling at a temperature of 4-6 °C at the end of September. Bulbs were planted for rooting on November 14, and were brought into the light on January 20 [9]. For biochemical studies, 10 bulbs were taken in the main stages of nutrient consumption: the first monitoring was held during the rooting of the bulbs, the second monitoring was held during the growth of the green mass. Storage scales were extracted from the bulbs, crushed, and monosaccharides, soluble oligosaccharides, and starch were determined in a pattern taken from a single sample [11]. Determination of the sugar content was carried out in the outer storage scales of the bulb (1), intermediate scales of the bulb (2) and the sprout and adjacent scales of the bulb (3). According to the method [9], the sample attachments were crushed and filled with hot distilled water. By centrifugation, the settling liquid was separated for further determination of water-soluble sugars. The sediment was subjected to acid treatment for the purpose of hydrolysis of the starch contained in it. The concentration of carbohydrates was determined spectrophotometrically by changing the colour intensity of the products of interaction of picric acid with carbohydrates in an alkaline medium when heated. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using a standard Microsoft Excel program. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004001 ILS 2020

3 Results ans discussion When vegetation ends, the life of the bulbous plant does not stop. During the dormant period in the daughter bulb, the future shoot is formed (Fig. 1), and the future flower is differentiated from the growth cone in late July and early August. At the same time, another renewal bud is laid at the base of the peduncle, that is, the future replacement bulb, as well as daughter bulbs. The formation of the future flower organs is completed in September-October. At this time, the effect of low positive temperatures is very important. Since July, new adventitious roots are laid in the tissue of the Donets of a young bulb start active growth which in conditions of temperature decrease from +9 °C [12]. They will provide the plant with the necessary water and minerals in the next growing season [13]. The study found that the content of monosaccharides in different parts of the bulb is different and more in the outer part of the bulb. In the external storage scales, they are determined from 1.6 mg/g to 7.6 mg/g, while in the sprout and adjacent scales of the bulb from 1.1 mg/g to 5.4 mg/g. Data indicate a greater presence of monosaccharides in all parts of the bulb during green mass growth than during rooting (table I). Comparison of the study results according to the method of cultivation shows that at the time of the first monitoring (rooting of bulbs) a greater content of monosaccharides in the outer and intermediate storage scales of bulbs was determined twice as much as when growing in the garden. The conditions for keeping plants during this period are very different. In protected dirt, humidity, soil temperature and air do not change much. In open dirt conditions, these indicators can vary greatly, which determines the different intensity of metabolism. It is known that carbohydrates can perform cryoprotective and signaling functions. Thus, maltodextrins, being soluble oligosaccharides, are able to preserve the protein structure and reduce the effect of toxins when cooled [14]. Sugars can influence the expression of the nuclear genome and organelle genomes no less strongly than hormones [15]. The ratio of various carbohydrates leads to a redistribution of transport flows between the root and stem apexes and transfers the plant to the generative stage [16]. And certain ratios of temperature and light change the direction of carbohydrates and hormones influence on the plant genome [17, 18]. Probably the monosaccharides are consumed by the bulbs for protection of generative shoots. However, at the time of the second monitoring (green mass growth) the content of monosaccharides in all parts of Tulip bulbs during distillation is 1.7-1.8 times higher than in bulbs grown in the open dirt. Thus, growing tulips in protected dirt is a more energyconsuming process at the stage of vegetative growth. Water-soluble polysaccharides play the role of available reserve carbohydrates. Typical and most common representatives of plant oligosaccharides are oligosaccharides of the sucrose group: melezitose, raffinose, gentians, stachyose, etc. The content of watersoluble polysaccharides when rooting is five or more times higher in the garden in all parts of the bulb (table II). Probably it is connected with the unstable conditions and the expenditure of oligosaccharides to support life processes through changes in metabolism. Besides, the root system in the conditions of distillation is less developed, therefore, less plastic and energy substances are required for its formation. At the same time, there are fewer oligosaccharides in the sprout and the adjacent scales of the bulb. Fig. 1. Tulip Bulb Structure Table 1. The Content Of Monosaccharides In Tulip Bulbs (mg /g) Note. : 1 – first scale; 2 – second scale; 3 – flower bud Starch, as the main substance of long-term storage, is contained from 0.1 mg/g in the average scale at the stage of green mass growth in the closed dirt to 3.6-4 mg / g at the stage of rooting bulbs (table III). At the rooting stage, the starch bulbs are larger under different growing conditions in different parts, with the exception of the open dirt. There is almost seven times more starch here. When building up the green mass of starch is more in the open dirt. According to the results of our studies, which are presented graphically (Fig. 2), in the conditions of protected dirt, a higher content of starch in all parts of the bulbs was found, there are significantly less monosaccharides and even less oligosaccharides. However, at the time of the second monitoring, more starch is contained in bulbs grown in the open dirt. During the growing season, starch is consumed in all parts of the bulb with different intensity. At this time, the number of oligosaccharides increases by 6-13 times, and by 5-6 times for monosaccharides. Table 2. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides in tulip bulbs (mg/g) Rooting bulbs The growth of 1 2 3 1 2 3 Forcing 0,5±0,01 0,5±0,01 0,2±0,01 3,1±0,15 3,8±0,17 2,6±0,16 The garden 2,9±0,06 2,4±0,04 1,2±0,02 1,8±0,02 2,0±0,15 2,0±0,16 Rooting bulbs The growth of 1 2 3 1 2 3 Forcing 1,6±0,13 1,0±0,10 1,1±0,07 7,6±0,09 7,8±0,19 5,4±0,02 The garden 3,2±0,17 2,4±0,14 1,7±0,07 4,1±0,14 4,5±0,16 3,1±0,01 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004001 ILS 2020

Table 3. The starch content in tulip bulbs (mg / g) Rooting bulbs The growth of 1 2 3 1 2 3 Forcing 3,3±0,30 4,0±0,42 2,5±0,20 0,9±0,22 0,1±0,06 1,0±0,12 The garden 3,6±0,26 2,5±0,31 0,5±0,12 2,4±0,08 1,8±0,01 3,4±0,09 Fig. 2. Dynamics of carbohydrate content: A-forcing, B-the garden 1 – first scale, 2 – second scale, 3 – flower bud 4 Conclusion In open dirt conditions, all parts of the bulb contain a more equal content of various types of carbohydrates. It is necessary to note the movement of all carbohydrates from the outer and intermediate storage scales of the bulb during the growing season to the sprout, where implements the generative phase of this season realizes and the basis for future development is laid. References 1. Ye.S.Severin, Biokhimiya, (GEOTAR-MED, Moscow, 2003) 2. B.P. Pleshkov, Biochemistry of Agricultural Plants, Moscow 496 p.: (2013). 3. V.V. Kondratyev, M.V. Semenova, T.V. Voronkova, N.N. Danilina. Plant Physiology, 56 (3), 471–478 (2009) 4. G.-V. Heldt Plant Biochemistry. (2014) 5. O.V. Shelepova, T.V. Voronkova, V.V. Kondratiev, N.N. Danilina, Physiology and Biochemistry, cult of plants, 41, 5 (2009). 6. X.M. Geng, A. Sato, H. Okubo, M. SaniewskJ. Fac. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 52 (2), 315–319 (2007) 7. M. Saniewski, L. Kawa-Miszczak, E. Wegrzynowicz-Lesiak and H. Okubo, Dormancy in Plants. From Whole Plant Behaviour to Cellular Control, 275-245 (2000) 8. Y. X. Rong, Effect of Low Temperature on Changes in Endogenous Hormone Level and Plant Development in Lilium and Tulipa, 118 p. (2007) 9. V.N. Bylov, E.N. Zaitseva, F.M. Zheleznyak, Introduction and culture techniques of flowerdecorative plants, Moscow, p. 96 - 113. (1977), 10. Introduction and techniques of culture of flower decorative plants. (Science, Moscow,1977) 11. T.V. Voronkova, O.V. Shelepova, «A method for determining the content of water-soluble sugars and starch from a single sample», Patent No. RU 2406293. IPC A01G 7/00. 12. M. Baranova, «Mnogoletnie travyanistye rasteniya klassa Odnodol'nye v kollekcii otkrytogo grunta Botanicheskogo sada Petra Velikogo BIN RAN», (Rostock HSE St. Petersburg, 2013) 13. T.N. Glubscheva, O.V. Netsvetaeva, Catalog of tulips of the BelSU Botanical Gardens collection, (CONSTANT, Belgorod, 2011) 14. T.I. Trunova, Plants and low temperature stress. 64th Timiryazev reading (Science, Moscow2007) 15. Yu.V. Gamaley, The transport system of vascular plants. (SPb, St. Petersburg University, 2004) 16. G. Bernier, A. Hevelange, C. Houssa et al., Plant Cell. 5. 1147-1155, (1993) 17. L. Сorbesier, P. Lejeune, G. Bernier, Planta, 206, p. 131-137, (1998) 18. S.J. Gibson, Plant Physiol, 124, 1532-1539 (2000) 19. L. Сorbesier, P. Lejeune, G. Bernier, «The role of carbohydrates in the induction of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana: comparison between the wild type and a starchless mutant», Planta, 206, p. 131- 137. (1998) 20. S.J. Gibson, «Plant sugar-response pathways. Part of a complex regulatory web», Plant Physiol, , 124, pp. 1532-1539 (2000) 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04001 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004001 ILS 2020

Condition of entomophilic fauna on Hyssopus officinalis L. crops depending on ecotope conditions Anzhelika Gorbacheva1* , Elena Dumacheva1 , Oksana Vorobyova1 , Svetlana Korolkova1 , Sergei Filatov1 , Vladimir Chernyavsky2 , and Daniil Koryakov3 1Department of Biology, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia 22 All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 5 Ownership, Institute St.r.p, Big Vyazemy, Russia 3Department of agro-industrial complex and Environmental Reproduction of the Belgorod Region, Belgorod, Russia Abstract. Species diversity and number of potential pollinator species on H. officinalis seed crops in various ecotopes of farm fields were studied under the influence of "Bi-58 new" insecticide treatment and without preliminary treatment. The presence of 16 insect species belonging to four families of the genus Hymenoptera (Megachilida, Apidae, Halictidae and Vespidae), two families of the Diptera row (Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae) and one family of the genus Lepidoptera (Lycaenalidae) has been identified on the seed crops of H. officinalis. The insecticidal treatment in general did not significantly affect the total number of pollinators, but changed the species composition of pollinators and their number on the field area. As much as possible, the decrease in the prevalence and number of the Megachilida species was affected. 1 Introduction Both natural vegetation and agricultural crops in agrophytocenoses are being actively studied in the Belgorod region with a view to preserving the biological diversity of flora and fauna [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Hissopus officinalis L. in recent years has become a popular melliferous culture in the Belgorod region. It is an etheromasliac plant with branched tetrahedral straight stems, 30-50 cm tall. It has small lancet-shaped leaves arranged accumbent, and bright irregular labiate flowers. The species is grown as a medicinal and etheromasliac plant. It is widely used in the food industry and perfumes, and is an excellent meliferous plant [5, 6, 7]. Hyssop is highly drought resistant, so the plant is capable of growing on Cretaceous slopes. It prefers open, moderately wet places. H. officinalis L. in addition to experiencing dry periods, has good cold resistance, and has therefore become common as a cultural plant in many regions of the Russian Federation [1, 7, 8]. In order to increase the yield of H. officinalis seeds, it is necessary to know not only the biology of these crops, but also the morpho-biological characteristics of pollinators [9, 10]. The aim of the work is to study the species diversity and number of species - potential pollinators on H. officinalis seed crops in various ecotopes under the influence of insecticide treatment. 2 Material and methods * Corresponding author: [email protected] Research was carried out in the Belgorod region. Belgorod region is located within the Central Russian Upland and is part of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The region has little water territory of the Russian Federation, as there is only 1% of its area containing water resources. The region is subject to erosive processes [11, 12]. The climate is quite soft. An average annual air temperature in the north of the area is 4.5°C. Temperatures in winter can reach -36°С, but such temperatures are short and only hold for a few days. The average winter temperature is usually -7.9°C to -9.3°C. Summer is rather warm, with an average monthly temperature of +22°C. The recent years have seen significant rises in summer temperatures reaching a maximum of +41°C. The research of entomofauna of entomophilic plants was carried out in the last decade of July - the first decade of August 2017-2019 in Chernyanski and Novooskolski districts of the Belgorod region. The species composition of H. officinalis pollinators and its variation depending on the level of insecticidal load were studied. The insect collection was carried out on crops, treated with insecticides and fields free of these poisons (control fields) according to standard procedures [13, 14, 15]. In total, 16 fields were selected for study in Chernyanski and Novooskolski districts of the Belgorod region, where 20 times repeated analysis of species composition and number of insect species - potential pollinators of crops was carried out. The insect collection was carried out in sunny windless weather with an ambient temperature of +27°С–29°С. The humidity of the air was not different from the average summer data. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004002 ILS 2020

Treatment of H. officinalis L. seed crops was carried out with the preparation "Bi-58 new" at a dosage of 1.2 l/ha in the budding phase. The preparation penetrates into the growing parts of the plants, into the flowers and weeds, which protects against pests the plant itself [16]. The results were processed by methods of variation statistics using Excel 7.0 and Statistica 6.0 computer programs. We took changes for statistically significant level at р ≤ 0.05 [17]. 3 Results and discussion H. officinalis culture is a relatively new in the region, the ecological trophic chains of its nutrition are not yet closed, and the essential oils and characteristic smell contained in the plants deter most potential pests, then mass lesions of the hyssop were not observed at the time of research. The treatment with H. officinalis was carried out with herbicides at the end of May to prevent crop clogging by weed vegetation species, and with insecticides at the end of July to prevent crop seed eating by pests. Pollinalis insects, pests and entomophages were present in the field collections from H. officinalis L. crops. Pollinator insects are represented by three families - Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. Insect species are pests: Tettigonia viridissima and Etiella zinckenella Tr. The E. zinckenella butterfly likely acts as a pollinator insect. Vaness acardui has the same meaning. Butterflies are classified by us as possible pollinators, whereas their larvae affect plants. The entomophages in the coenopopulation of the hyssop were Chrysoperla carnea, Carabidae and Mantisreligiosa. A rather high number of pollinators in the fields sown with medicament hyssop was observed until the end of August, while its flowering in the climatic conditions of the Belgorod region may continue until September. H. officinalis' main pollinator was M. rotundata, whose occurrence was 5±0.15 copies per 1m2 . In the study of fees obtained from treated and untreated insecticide fields H. officinalis found a decrease in the total number of pollinator insects - 47.4±0.52 samples/1m2 in treated fields relative to 53,7±0.12 samples/1m2 in the untreated fields. In addition, there was a sharp of 50 % decrease in the species composition of entomophilic fauna: if 16 species of pollinators were detected in the untreated fields, only 7 species were found in the treated fields. In particular, not found: M. rotundata, Xylocopa valga, Bombus pascuorumi, Bombus fragrans, Rhophites canus, Eristalis tenax and Polyommatu sicarus. Despite the fact that insecticide was used mainly for control of repeina larvae, imago of this species was present in entomological collecting and after treatment. Data on the assessment of the biodiversity of pollinators in hyssop crops are presented in the table 1. The table shows that the species density of the control sites is significantly higher than in insecticide treated fields (1.8 times), i.e., the species diversity decreased. The same is confirmed by the Menhinick index, which decreased 1.6 times, confirming the decrease in the number of species in the treated territories. In fields that were not insecticidal treated as in hyssop crops, and on lucerne crops, the dominant species was the lucerne leaf-cutting bee. Its occurrence on hyssop crops was 5,0±0.11 samples/1m2 . As a result of the treatment of the seed crops of the common hyssop with insecticide, A. mellifera was the main likely pollinator (by numerical superiority) from the caught species. The total number of species on treated common hyssop crops in the both districts of the region was 303 samples and the occurrence in an average of 3,0±1,2samples/1m2 . During the research, a special attention was paid to the intensity of insect work depending on the location of the fields. Thus, in the fields that were located near the bee farm, the attendance of hyssop flowers by bees was significantly higher than in the areas in the center of the field. A certain negative role was played by the process and the distance of plants from the edge of the field (i.e., from natural biocenoses) - the further away, the flowers of the hyssop were less often visited by the bees. More uniform years of pollinator insects have been observed in the insecticide untreated fields. A rather high number of insects were observed on test sites at a distance of 150 m (in all cases) and 250 m from the edge of the field (if there are a number of bee farms). After a treatment of the fields with the preparation "Bi-58 new" – the mass collections of entomophilic insects were noted only on the edge of the field and at a distance not exceeding 50m from natural biocenoses. This may indicate that there are no long-range pollinators in the treated fields, such as humble-bees or lucernous leafcutting bees. The remaining possible pollinators do not fly so far from natural lands and their lodgments. The rarest species in the insecticide-treated fields of H. officinalis was the Myiatropa florea (Myathropa florea). Its occurrence in terms of the total area was only 0,1±0.01 sample/1m2 . Table 1. Pollinator entomofauna biodiversity indices of H. Officinalis Studied options Species density Menhinick index BergerParker index Fields without insecticidal treatment 1,63±0,08* 0,33±0,02** 0,05±0,01 Fields processed by an insecticide 0,92±0,04* 0,21±0,01** 0,06±0,01 Note - *differences are significant at 99% significance level; ** - differences are significant at 95% significance level; tst 0.05=3,18, tst 0.01=5,84 By calculating the Jacquar index for potential pollinator species of entomophilic crops in the both areas studied, it was found that pollinator faunas in Chernyansky and Novooskolsky areas are identical (the Jacquar index is 1). 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004002 ILS 2020

According to our observations, both the number of insect copies and their species composition decreased in collections obtained after insecticidal treatment of hyssop fields. However, after calculating the Jacquar index for processed and untreated H. officinalis fields, the value was 0,7. This points to two possible options: 1) it can be a rapid recovery of entomophilic fauna; 2) indicates resistance of certain species to insecticidal treatment. Both ultimately ensure that both the numbers of potential pollinators and their species diversity are preserved. 4 Conclusion The study of species diversity and number of species - potential pollinators on the seed crops of H. officinalis revealed the presence of 16 insect species belonging to the four families of the unit Hymenoptera (Megachilida, Apidae, Halictidae and Vespidae) two families of the unit Diptera (Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae) and the family of the unit Lepidoptera (Lycaenidae и Nymphalidae) on a given entomophilic culture. References 1. V.I. Chernyavskikh, Farming. 6, 18 (2009) 2. E.V. Vishnevskaya, T.B. Klimova, I.V. Bohomazov, E.V. Dumacheva, O.V. Yakovenko, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6, 561 (2015) 3. E.V. Dumacheva, V.I. Cherniavskih, E.I. Markova, T.B. Klimova, E.V. Vishnevskaya, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences (2015) 4. E.V. Dumacheva, V.I. Cherniavskih, V.K. Tokhtar, L.A. Tokhtar, T.A. Pogrebnyak, E.N. Horolskaya, A.A. Gorbacheva, O.V. Vorobyova, T.N. Glubsheva, E.I. Markova, S.V. Filatov, International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 11, 476 (2017) 5. E.V. Dumacheva, V.I. Cherniavskih, A.A. Gorbacheva, O.V. Vorobyova, Z.A. Borodaeva, E.N. Bespalova, L.R. Ermakova, International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 12, 354 (2018) 6. O.V. Degtyar, V.I. Chernyavskikh, Herald of Nizhniy Novgorod University Named After Lobachevsky. Biology. 2, 254 (2004) 7. V.I. Cherniavskih, E.V. Dumacheva, A.A. Gorbacheva, O.V. Vorobyova, L.R. Ermakova, International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 12, 433 (2018) 8. F. Dikmen, Turkish Journal of Zoologi. 4, 537 (2011) 9. R.B. Kozin, Beekeeping. 10, 20 (2011) 10. E.V. Dumacheva, V.I. Chernyavskikh, Fodder production. 2, 34 (2012) 11. E.V. Dumacheva, V.I. Chernyavskikh, Fodder production. 4, 7 (2014) 12. E.V. Dumacheva, V.I. Chernyavskikh, Fodder production. 2, 23 (2014) 13. К.К. Fasulati, Field study of terrestrial invertebrates (1971) 14. Y.A. Pasenko, Ecology. 1, 89 (1972) 15. I.B. Popov, Plant protection from harmful organisms. 216 (2019) 16. В.A. Alexander, С.D. Michener, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 11, 377 (2015) 17. B.A. Dospekhov, Field experience methodology (with basic statistical processing of research results) (2012) 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04002 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004002 ILS 2020

The use of the scientific and cognitive potential of the museum of nature for forming inclusive culture in future teachers Marina Grechitaeva1* and Marionella Kolokoltseva2 1Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia 2Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia Abstract. The article analyses the innovative pedagogical technology of using the potential of natural science collections of nature museums, exposition and exhibition complexes, school mini-museums in new inclusion conditions for Russian education. The study is aimed at finding the most effective ways of forming an inclusive culture among future teachers included in exhibition activities on the basis of nature museums. Based on a synthesis of foreign and Russian experience in the formation of an inclusive culture among students, future teachers, a set of the most effective pedagogical tools, methods, techniques and forms of organization of the process under study has been determined. Specially developed diagnostic tools (criteria, indicators, levels, diagnostic methods) made it possible to analyse the experimental data obtained as a result of the application of empirical research methods: observation and interrogation. It was revealed that a common component of environmental culture, the formation of which is one of the most important areas of activity of nature museums, and inclusive culture is the formation of a valuable attitude to the diversity of the natural world and the human world. The huge educational potential of the natural science collections of nature museums, exposition and exhibition complexes, which allows students to increase their interest in studying nature, ecology, has been confirmed. The conditions of the exhibition and exhibition complexes make it possible to organize the work of groups of students, including students with disabilities, to study the objects of the world, as well as to teach excursions and quests for visitors with disabilities. 1 Introduction In the modern world, an increase in the anthropogenic load on the biosphere is rampant. The global environmental crisis contributes to a person’s awareness of the inadmissibility of an aggressive consumer attitude towards nature and its resources. The educational system has been given the task of educating the ecological culture of the individual, suggesting an orientation toward naturefriendly activities. Environmental education has been the subject of study by Russian and foreign scientists since the second half of the 20th century and is well developed. A feature of environmental education in the modern world is its accessibility for people with disabilities. It should be borne in mind that in the last decade, Russia has become involved in mastering the world experience of inclusive education [1]. Therefore, the task of educating a person with a high level of environmental culture is being solved in the conditions of inclusive education that are relatively new for Russia. The inclusion of children with disabilities in general education involves taking into account the specifics of this form of education, typological and individual characteristics of children with disabilities. 2 Problem statement * Corresponding author: [email protected] Establishing the process of forming an ecological culture in the context of inclusion involves taking into account the characteristics of the interaction and communication of “special” children with healthy ones. The most important condition for providing quality education for students with disabilities is the formation of an inclusive culture in all subjects of the educational process [2]. By inclusive personality culture, we understand the totality of values that contribute to the spread of the practice of inclusive education, as well as the ability to interact, communicate with the subjects of inclusive education [3]. Thus, the research problem is as follows: what are the pedagogical means of forming an ecological culture among students with disabilities; what pedagogical means can be used in the process of forming an inclusive culture among the subjects of the educational process. 3 Research questions According to our observations, both the number of insect copies and their species composition decreased in collections obtained after insecticidal treatment of hyssop fields. However, after calculating the Jacquar index for processed and untreated H. officinalis fields, the value was 0,7. This points to two possible options: 1) it can be a rapid recovery of entomophilic fauna; 2) indicates resistance of certain species to insecticidal treatment. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004003 ILS 2020

Both ultimately ensure that both the numbers of potential pollinators and their species diversity are preserved. Thus, there is a contradiction between the need to form an ecological culture among students with disabilities, and the uncertainty in the choice of methods and techniques for implementing this process in an inclusive education environment; between the need to form an inclusive culture among students, including future teachers, and insufficient knowledge of the technology for implementing this process. This contradiction proves the relevance of the stated research goal related to the search for effective means of forming an inclusive culture among future teachers. We assume that one of these tools is the natural science collections of nature museums. The museum as a cultural and educational center is an educational environment that forms the child’s understanding of the world, and the museum of nature, in particular, provides an opportunity for the development of observation abilities, systematization of information, allows laying the foundations of ecological culture, and has a powerful developing effect [4]. That is why the use of the scientific and cognitive potential of the natural science collections of nature museums in the process of inclusive education seems to be a very promising, innovative pedagogical technology [5]. Research hypothesis: The formation of an inclusive culture among future teachers in the Museum of Nature will be successful if: - ordinary students and students with disabilities are united through a common research, design, environmental activity on the basis of interest in studying and preserving the nature of the native land and the resources of exposition and exhibition centers, nature museums; - the understanding of future teachers about the features of communication of people with disabilities is expanded; - future teachers are taught how to conduct excursions and quests for visitors with disabilities. 4 Purpose of the study The purpose of the study: to determine effective means, pedagogical methods and methods of forming an inclusive culture among future teachers; ways of forming an ecological culture in students with disabilities. Research objectives: - to study the scientific and cognitive potential of natural science collections of nature museums, methods of its use in the process of formation of environmental culture and inclusive culture among students; - to find out what types and forms of joint activity can be organized on the basis of a museum of nature for subjects of inclusive education; - to determine the amount of knowledge that broadens the understanding of future teachers about the features of communication of people with disabilities; - to develop a pedagogical design of overview and thematic excursions and quests for visitors with disabilities. 5 Methods and materials The study was conducted on the basis of the exposition and exhibition center "Nature of the White Mountains" Belgorod State National Research University and Astrakhan State University. The experiment was attended by 115 students of 4 courses - in the direction of preparation "Biology" and 3 courses - "Pedagogical education". When choosing diagnostic tools for determining the level of formation of inclusive culture among future teachers, we relied on the work of A. Sinyavskaya [6], V. Khitryuk [7], M. Korotkova [8]. The criteria for assessing the level of formation of an inclusive culture among students were determined: motivationalvalue; cognitive, communicative activity. In the research process, the following empirical research methods were used: observation, survey. To identify students' ideas about inclusive education, their attitude to this form of education, to determine the initial level of inclusive culture, we have developed a questionnaire that includes the following questions: 1) How do you feel about schoolchildren and students with disabilities studying with healthy peers? 2) Do you have experience interacting and communicating with a person with disabilities? 3) Can this experience be called positive? 4) What problems do people with disabilities face? 5) How can these problems be solved in the field of education? 6) Are you ready to interact with people with disabilities in professional activities? 7) Offer pedagogical tools for the formation of ecological culture among subjects of inclusive education in the museum environment. 6 Results and discussion Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of the survey at an ascertaining stage of the experiment showed the following. 55 people showed a positive attitude to this form of education. (47.8%); neutral - 51 people. (44.4%); 9 people have a negative attitude to inclusive education. (7.8%). More than half of the respondents had experience interacting with people with disabilities: 64 people. (55.7%). Of those who had such experience, it turned out to be positive - 38 people (60%). Students identified the following problems of people with disabilities: the difficulty of building relationships with healthy people - 62 people. (53.9%); lack of conditions for a full life - 29 people (25.2%); negative attitude in society towards people with disabilities - 24 people (20.9%) (table 1). Respondents see the solution to the educational problems of people with disabilities in the following: 23 people increase the level of formation of an inclusive culture in society (20.0 %); in the education of tolerance - 17 people (14.8%); in the development of special educational programs - 16 people (13.9%); in creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities - 13 people (11.3%); in the use of distance learning - 15 people 2 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004003 ILS 2020

(13%). 31 people (27%) do not see students with disabilities in the general education system, believing that they will be better off in specialized educational institutions and on distance learning. Table 1. Analysis of the results of a survey of students (%) Attitude towards inclusive education Positive Undefined Negative 47.8 44.4 7.8 Problems of people with disabilities in society Difficulties in сommuniсation Lack of conditions Negative attitude 53.9 25.2 20.9 To solve the identified problems, students suggest: diversify the ways of support from society - 56 people (48.7%): to conduct joint events for healthy and “special” children - 32 people (27.8 %); educate parents of healthy children about the rights, problems and opportunities of people with disabilities - 27 people (23.5 %). Almost half of the respondents - 56 people expressed their willingness to work to solve problems in the field of inclusive education (48.7 %). Uncertainty - 42 people (36.5%). Unfortunately, 17 people (14.8%) are not willing to solve the above problems in the future. A sightseeing tour as a teaching method suitable for the formation of an inclusive culture in the museum environment was offered by 69 surveyed students (60.0 %), 40 people (34.8%) chose a thematic tour, and 6 students (5.2 %) focused on conducting quests. Based on the data obtained, a technology was developed and tested to use the potential of nature museums to form an inclusive culture among future teachers, including: 1) the association of students with various health opportunities in research groups to study the nature and ecology of the native land in the exposition and exhibition centers and museums of nature; 2) familiarization of future teachers with the characteristics of people with disabilities 3) teaching students how to conduct sightseeing tours and quests for visitors with disabilities. As an example, we give the scenario of the quest at the exposition and exhibition center "Nature of the White Mountains", developed by future teachers (Lysenko A.S., Dobrodomova D.E.) Participants are divided into 2 teams. One team is given the task "Questions about the exhibition", the other - "Questions on the Red Book". Teams carry them out, then there is a change of tasks. For each team in both sections there are questions. Questions about the exhibition: Teams explore the exposition and exhibition center and answer questions. 1 team: 1. Which bird is located near the boars? (Gray partridge); 2. Who is watching the game flocks of birds sitting on a twig in the winter forest? (Raven) 3. Little Red Riding Hood in the winter forest (Black woodpecker); 4. What did Scarabaeus sacer set apart? (Elytra, Scarab); 5. Touchy, watching you from behind a tree (pine marten); 6. Favorite flower of a bumblebee (Clover); 7. What plant berries are sparrow and redstart eating? (Rowan); 8. A small animal in the winter forest, clutching a lump (Ordinary squirrel); 9. What is the color of the darkest flower of the Lily family? (Dark red, red); 10. What is shown on the back of the butterfly Acherontia atropos? (Skull, Dead Head); 11. Butterfly, all four wings of which look directly into the soul (Aglais io, Peacock eye); 12. Who is so surprised rook? (Hare); 13. Graceful beast with branching horns (Sika deer); 14. What large mammal is adjacent to a bird whose name will remind us of one writer? (Boar) 2 team: 1. A representative of his species is a noble astronomy lover from Smeshariki (Elk); 2. A small animal in the Winter Forest, clutching a lump (Ordinary squirrel); 3. Who didn’t get along with the hedgehog? (Wolf) 4. The kid hiding behind a Christmas tree in the winter forest (Common greenfinch); 5. Primrose from monocotyledonous (Siberian sprout); 6. Bird from the winter forest with sky in plumage (Common Jay); 7. What flower name matches the injury? (Bruise); 8. Which butterfly is located on the stand differently than others (Latin name)? (Colias erate, Jaundice steppe); 9. If you take the upper north, then on which sides of the world are the wings of Tettigonia viridissima pointing? (West and South, Green Grasshopper); 10. What is the color of the eyes of a fox sitting in a corner? (Orange); 11. Which animal does not mind slowly staining its paws with dirt? (Turtle Swamp); 12. The Serpent of Gorynych has three heads, and which flying insect has three tails? (Ephialtes manifestator, Efialt-Detector); 13. The museum has a hawk, the hawk has a nest, there are chicks in the nest. How many of them? (3) 14. Not quite a tin soldier from the world of the steppes (Marmot-baibak) Red Book Questions: Teams work with an interactive stand on the Red Book, answer questions and enter answers in a crossword puzzle. Then, in the field highlighted in red, the name of the scientist should be obtained, about which they should tell the presenter, having studied the information on the appropriate stand. In the third stage, the control stage of the experiment, a survey was again conducted. Students were asked to answer the same questions as at the ascertaining stage. The following results were obtained. A positive attitude towards inclusive education was revealed in 92 people (80.0 %), neutral -18 people (15.7 %), negative - in 5 people (4.3 %). Comparative results confirming the positive dynamics are presented in Fig. 1. 3 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004003 ILS 2020

As a result of the experiment, all students in the process of excursion activities gained experience in interacting with people with disabilities. Changes have also occurred in the understanding of the problems faced by people with disabilities (Fig. 2). Fig. 1. Attitude towards inclusive education (%) Fig. 2. Comparative analysis of understanding by future teachers of the problems of people with disabilities (%) Future teachers again noted the difficulties of building relationships with healthy people - 60 people (52.2%). Although the quantitative indicator has not changed, compared with the ascertaining stage of the experiment, the students' answers have become more specific. Future teachers described the problems of people with disabilities as communicative, emotionally personal, cognitive. 40 people noted the lack of conditions for a full life in people with disabilities (34.8 %), which is 9.6 % more than before the formation experiment. Moreover, future teachers attributed to these conditions, first of all, the lack of an accessible environment for people with disabilities. Future teachers drew attention to the fact that some sociocultural and educational institutions remain inaccessible to people with limited mobility, although in recent years there have been positive changes on this issue. A negative attitude in society towards people with disabilities was noted by 15 students (13.0 %), which is 8 % lower than the data at the ascertaining stage.\ Future teachers proposed to solve the educational problems of people with disabilities as follows: to increase the level of inclusive culture in society - 35 people. (30.4 %); education of tolerance - 19 people (16.5 %); development of special educational programs - 22 people (19.1 %); creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities - 15 people (13.0 %); in the use of distance learning - 14 people (12.2 %). 10 people (8.8 %) believe that it is better for some people with disabilities to study in specialized educational institutions. Comparison with data on the ascertaining stage is presented in Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Data analysis on how to solve the educational problems of people with disabilities (%):1 – enhancing inclusive culture in society;2 – education of tolerance; 3 – development of special educational programs; 4 – creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities; 5 –use of distance learning; 6 –development of special educational institutions The number of students who proposed the quest as a means of creating an inclusive culture in the museum environment increased significantly, to 83 people, which is 67.0 % more than the data of the stating experiment. Data on survey and thematic excursions have not changed significantly. 7 Conclusion During the study, the following conclusions were obtained: - the huge scientific and cognitive potential of nature museums, exposition and exhibition centers, the resources of which allow students to increase their interest in studying nature, ecology, environmental protection, which is an essential component of environmental education, has been confirmed; - the conditions of the exhibition and exhibition centers make it possible to realize group forms of organizing the educational process aimed at studying the objects of the surrounding world, presented in the form of dioramas, models of biogeocenoses, biogroups; - conducting excursions and quests for visitors with disabilities, contributed to the students gaining vitagenic experience of interaction and communication with "special" people; - the developed program will be useful to teachers, teachers, specialists of exhibition and exhibition centers, nature museums for organizing excursion activities aimed at fostering an inclusive culture. A stating experiment A control experiment A stating experiment A control experiment A stating experiment A control experiment 4 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004003 ILS 2020

Acknowledgment Our gratitude to the rector of Belgorod State National Research University, professor O.N. Polukhin for providing the opportunity to implement this study. References 1. D. Sheveleva, Problems of modern education. 5, 105 (2014) 2. M. Lozovskaya, L. Belyanina, M. Kolokoltseva, N. Smirnova, International Research Journal. Yekaterinburg. 9-5, 24 (2015) 3. M. Kolokoltseva, Pero. 70 (2019). 4. N. Makarycheva, M. Lozovskaya, in Man and Animals : Materials of the VII International Correspondence Conference. Innovative Natural Institute of Astrakhan State University. Astrakhan, Russia (2014) 5 BIO Web of Conferences 30, 04003 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004003 ILS 2020