Study Guide for G. A. Henty’s “The Young Carthaginian”

Study Guide for
G. A. Henty’s
“The Young
Carthaginian”

© 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books

This work, G. A. Henty’s
“The Young Carthaginian”

Study Guide
Is Copyright © 2013 by Jim Hodges Productions

d.b.a. Jim Hodges Audio Books
The purchaser may make printed copies for all

members of his or her immediate family.
Printing copies to give to friends or extended family
members is a violation of applicable copyright laws.

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Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Table of Contents

1. Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………5
2. Chapter 2…………………………………………………………………………7
3. Chapter 3…………………………………………………………………………9
4. Chapter 4…………………………………………………………………………11
5. Chapter 5…………………………………………………………………………13
6. Quiz 1……………………………………………………………………………..15
7. Chapter 6…………………………………………………………………………16
8. Chapter 7…………………………………………………………………………18
9. Chapter 8…………………………………………………………………………20
10. Chapter 9…………………………………………………………………………22
11. Chapter 10……………………………………………………………………….24
12. Quiz 2…………………………………………………………………………….26
13. Chapter 11……………………………………………………………………….27
14. Chapter 12……………………………………………………………………….29
15. Chapter 13……………………………………………………………………….31
16. Chapter 14……………………………………………………………………….33
17. Chapter 15……………………………………………………………………….35
18. Chapter 16……………………………………………………………………….37
19. Quiz 3…………………………………………………………………………….39
20. Chapter 17……………………………………………………………………….40
21. Chapter 18……………………………………………………………………….42
22. Chapter 19……………………………………………………………………….44
23. Chapter 20……………………………………………………………………….46
24. Chapter 21……………………………………………………………………….48
25. Chapter 22……………………………………………………………………….50
26. Quiz 4…………………………………………………………………………….52
27. Answer Key for Chapter 1 Questions…………………………………………53
28. Answer Key for Chapter 2 Questions…………………………………………53
29. Answer Key for Chapter 3 Questions…………………………………………53
30. Answer Key for Chapter 4 Questions…………………………………………53
31. Answer Key for Chapter 5 Questions…………………………………………54
32. Answer Key for Chapter 6 Questions…………………………………………54
33. Answer Key for Chapter 7 Questions…………………………………………54
34. Answer Key for Chapter 8 Questions…………………………………………55
35. Answer Key for Chapter 9 Questions…………………………………………55
36. Answer Key for Chapter 10 Questions………………………………………..55
37. Answer Key for Chapter 11 Questions………………………………………..56
38. Answer Key for Chapter 12 Questions………………………………………..56
39. Answer Key for Chapter 13 Questions………………………………………..56
40. Answer Key for Chapter 14 Questions………………………………………..57
41. Answer Key for Chapter 15 Questions………………………………………..57
42. Answer Key for Chapter 16 Questions………………………………………..57
43. Answer Key for Chapter 17 Questions………………………………………..58
44. Answer Key for Chapter 18 Questions………………………………………..58

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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45. Answer Key for Chapter 19 Questions………………………………………..58
46. Answer Key for Chapter 20 Questions………………………………………..58
47. Answer Key for Chapter 21 Questions………………………………………..59
48. Answer Key for Chapter 22 Questions………………………………………..59
49. Answer Key for Quiz 1 Questions……………………………………………..60
50. Answer Key for Quiz 2 Questions……………………………………………..60
51. Answer Key for Quiz 3 Questions……………………………………………..60
52. Answer Key for Quiz 4 Questions……………………………………………..61

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 4 of 61

Chapter 1

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

encamped
swarthy
lithe
inured
garb
jerkins
superintendence
repast
repose
personages
muslin
toga
scabbard
incrusted (encrusted)
baldrick
insurgent
triremes
incumbent
fret
vile
behooves
apt
traverse
wield
coverts
antagonist
unerring
lament
tyrants
goaded
suffetes
vessels
demigod
mercenaries
detestable
paramount
aggrandizement
cupidity
apex
flagrant

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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impetuosity
wrested
chastise
prodigious

Chapter 1 Questions:

1. Who are the Numidians, where are they from, and where are they located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Name some of the various cultural representations in the desert camp.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Who is Malchus and who is Hamilcar?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Who is Hannibal?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. What is the Ebro, and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Malchus, by a rigorous training, had learned to endure cold and hardships. What
character trait does this exemplify?

Activities:

1. Using the vivid descriptions Henty provides at the start of this chapter, draw and color
the Numidian men, Iberian slingers, and the heavy infantrymen of Carthage who are
camped in the Libyan desert.

2. Compare and contrast the three estates form of government to the oligarchy
government in Carthage.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 6 of 61

Chapter 2

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

formidable
hummock
nay
din
irresolute
reanimate
barbarians
torrent
comrades
rout
envoys
luxuriant
acropolis
edifices
citadel
abhorred
conglomerate
surmounted
cupolas
maritime
aristocratic
necropolis
indolence
demoguages
countenance

Chapter 2 Questions:

1. Who are the Phoenicians, and what did they found
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. In chapter one, and again in this chapter, characters use the phrase, “I own that...”
What does this phrase mean?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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3. Giscon was wounded during the lion hunt.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. As the general’s troops neared the coast, the scenery changed. What types of things
could be found growing?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is Byrsa?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activities:
1. Research ancient and modern lion hunting. What do they still have in common? What
has changed over time? Be sure to include emotions or feelings toward lion hunting in
your comparison results. Make a chart detailing your results.
2. Henty describes the peculiar architecture in Carthage. What makes it peculiar? Can
you find similar design features in other cultures? Research this area and prepare a
short report detailing your findings. Try to include pictures if possible. You can download
or draw your own.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 8 of 61

Chapter 3

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

incapacity
advocated
rampant
peculation
atoned
faction
dejected
mien
opportune
recoiled
orator
ratification
clique
denounced
rudimentary
chastisement
tributaries
fain
tumult
conduce
portico
fillet
bade
coddle
conclave
harangue
peal
enmity
thronged
ascertain
orate
pandered
apathetic
stevedores

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Chapter 3 Questions:
1. Who was Hamilcar Barca?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Hasdrubal, when alive, commented many times about Hannibal’s character. Name
two positive character traits he mentioned.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Explain what Hamilcar means in this sentence: Get together a knot of men whom you
know; prime them with argument, and send them among their fellows.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Where is the city of Carthage located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. What do you think will happen in regards to support for Hannibal in the next chapter?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activities:
1. Carthaginians traditionally wore clothes adapted to keep people cool in the scorching
heat. Henty describes the clothing of the mother of Malchus in detail. Research clothing
from this time period and make several sketches of clothing men, women, and children
would have worn. Here are a few key words to get you started: chiton, stolla, palla, and
turbans. You might also like to include jewelry in your sketches.
2. Locate Carthage (Tunis) on a map. Identify all surrounding lands and bodies of water.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 10 of 61

Chapter 4

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

earnest
quays
roused
exhortations
veneration
pacify
execration
rostrum
mitigate
veritable
quell
sullen
sallied
lyre
arabesques
repousse
buckler
legion
cohesion
sordid
enfeebled
villa
conceit
calumnies
execrable
pretext
ardent
rendezvous
ardour

Chapter 4 Questions:

1. Who is Hanno?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. What makes the geographical location of Carthage so important?
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. The quiet citizens issued from their houses. What does that mean?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. In your own words, explain the following passage: As the Roman orator well said of
Carthage: "She was a figure of brass with feet of clay" -- a noble and imposing object to
the eye, but whom a vigorous push would level in the dust.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Read the following quote from Malchus.
"I will join you, Giscon," he said, "if you will accept me. I am young, but I am ready to go
all lengths, and to give my life if needs be to free Carthage."
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Become an orator today and do your best to convince others to support Hannibal.
Gather the family around to listen to your exhortations.
2. Research and learn about repousse and arabesques design. Then design your own
Carthaginian breastplate.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 12 of 61

Chapter 5

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

indolence
repute
imprudent
amply
aught
levity
tumbril
trifling
demagogues
propitiate
blaspheme
scorner
quays
cordon
bernous
lissome
taciturn
gaudy
adieus
hawsers
whiled
intrigues
untrammelled
jerkin

Chapter 5 Questions:

1. Name two positive character traits Giscon attributes to Malchus.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Who, or what is Moloch?
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Name at least one Biblical reference to Moloch.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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4. How has Moloch been used figuratively in English literature, or as a social allegory?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Describe in detail the geography of Carthagena.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Research Moloch and present a short paper of your findings. What did Moloch look
like? What was the purpose of child sacrifice? What other six things were sacrificed to
Moloch at the same time as the child? What did the priests do during the sacrifice?
2. Is, or was child sacrifice used by any other cultures past or present? Compare and
contrast them to the god Moloch and the practices of the Carthaginians.
3. Begin a timeline of Hannibal. You will continue this activity for the remainder of the
book. You can create a paper timeline, or you can create an online timeline.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Quiz 1 Chapters 1-5
1. What is the “great jewel of the Mediterranean”?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What type of government did Carthage have?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Punic is Latin for what?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. The army is Carthage was staffed by _____?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Where is the city of Carthage located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Who, or what is Moloch?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. Where did Carthaginian power lie?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 15 of 61

Chapter 6

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

pommel
bernous
swarthy
isthmus
repast
bivouac
sybarites
lugubrious
eradicated
allay
precipices
baldricks
halberds
lithe
clemency
desisted
impetus

Chapter 6 Questions:

1. Personification--This literary device gives human characteristics to something that is
not human. The following sentence is based on Tyre. What uses of personification are
there? “Very rapidly she fell from the lofty position she had held, and her place in the
world and her proud position as Queen of the Seas was very speedily taken by
Carthage.“
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Libyan mercenaries were among those present in the Second Punic War. Where is
Libya located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. What types of animal sounds do the men hear while camping at night?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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4. Hannibal speaks to the men of Salamanca and tells them they are valiant and brave.
He says he knows how to honor such men. Hannibal is able to recognize and avoid
words, actions, and attitudes that could bring undesirable consequences. Which
character trait best describes him at this moment?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Lugubrious is not a common word in our society today. What part of speech is it, and
what does it mean?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
The Phoenicians were a seafaring people. They traveled long distances to trade goods.
They even sailed at night using only the stars as their guide.
1. Sketch a Phoenician ship.
http://www.ehow.com/how_8433417_draw-phoenician-ship.html
2. Design and build your own Phoenician ship.
http://www.ehow.com/how_7734572_build-phoenician-ships-school-projects.html
3. Begin a list of battles. Each time you read of a battle, note the location, who is
involved, and who wins. You will continue this activity for the remainder of the book.
4. Continue the timeline.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 17 of 61

Chapter 7

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

corps d'elite
abode
fetes
docility
imprudence
clique
formidable
stag
whet

Chapter 7 Questions:

1. Who is Imilce?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. It is important to know and understand right timing in accomplishing right actions.
Malchus was rash in his decision to attend Giscon’s ill fated meeting; it almost cost him
his life. What positive character trait is opposite of rashness?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Why did Malchus end up in a tree for two days?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Explain Hannibal’s decision to attack Rome by land rather than sea.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. What makes Saguntum so important?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Activities:
1. Hannibal has commissioned you to plan a glorious fete that will hugely impress his
new wife, Imilce. Draw up your plans for entertainment, food, music, security, games,
prizes... and present them to Hannibal for approval. Don’t forget to include your budget
for him to approve as well.
2. Phoenicians were known for glass blowing. Read about glass blowing--
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glassblowing and watch a YouTube video--
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJQDbxJn2fg, then make a glass blowing lapbook.
http://dynamic2moms.webs.com/glassglassblowing.htm
3. Continue the timeline.
4. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 19 of 61

Chapter 8

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

alluded
implored
obliged
pugnacious
badinage
plaited
repudiated
betide
deign
bandy
efface
clemency
acceded
abashed

Chapter 8 Questions:

1. Malchus spent time thinking about how they were going to defeat Rome. There were
a few steps involved according to Hannibal’s plans. Sequence these events.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. How does the geography of Saguntum make it hard to conquer?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. The Saguntines petitioned Rome several times for protection, but Rome didn’t
respond. Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Malchus chooses Trebon as his lieutenant based upon a few positive character traits.
What are they?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 20 of 61

5. What is another good title for this chapter and why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Learn about the Phoenicians by watching these YouTube videos.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFOOgnp5F4U (features male anatomical statues)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYbaXhY_7mQ
2. Try this Phoenician quizlet.
http://quizlet.com/16947396/the-phoenicians-flash-cards/
3. Begin a list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies. You will
continue this activity in each chapter.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 21 of 61

Chapter 9

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

insurrection
surmises
eminence
impregnable
sortie
worsted
falariques (look up in a French dictionary)
remonstrance
disdain
insolent
reparation
ascendancy
emissaries
conduce
commissariat

Chapter 9 Questions:

1. What character trait does Hannibal display in the following sentence? “Hannibal
himself was always present, encouraging the men by his praises, and sharing all their
hardships.” Tolerance, thriftiness, or sincerity?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Where is Saguntum (Sagunto, Valencian Sagunt, Latin Saguntum) located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Who is Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator, and what is his goal in
regards to Hannibal?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. What is Fabius Maximus widely know for in history?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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5. What convinces the Spanish to continue to fight for Hannibal?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Enjoy this interactive quiz game about the Phoenician alphabet which is the basis of
many languages.
http://www.purposegames.com/game/phoenician-alphabet-quiz/info
2. Watch this YouTube video about the Phoenician alphabet.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcK-VFFKbCA
3. Continue the timeline.
4. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 23 of 61

Chapter 10

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

tranquillity
asunder
precipice
consternation
inexplicable

Chapter 10 Questions:

1. Hannibal’s troops are mercenaries -- that is, they fight for pay in a cause which in no
way concerns them, so why do they continue to fight for Hannibal? What character trait
do they display?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Where is Burgos located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. At one point in the story, Malchus says, “We had better make up the ravine.” What
exactly does he mean, “make up the ravine”?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Who is Astarte?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Malchus used great strategy to avoid being captured by the natives. What strategy
would you have used in the same situation?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
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Activities:
1. The Phoenicians were known for their purple dye made from the Murex sea snail. Try
your hand at making purple dye. http://satorismiles.com/2010/08/08/sotw-phoenician-
purple-murex-dye-activity/
2. Create a Mind Map about the causes of the Second Punic War. This graphic
organizer might be helpful.
http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/pdf/clusterweb2.pdf
3. Continue the timeline.
4. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 25 of 61

Quiz 2 Chapters 6-10
1. Explain Hannibal’s decision to attack Rome by land rather than sea.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Where is Libya located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What makes Saguntum so important?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What is Fabius Maximus widely know for in history?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. The Saguntines petitioned Rome several times for protection, but Rome didn’t
respond. Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What is a mercenary?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What started the Second Punic War?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 26 of 61

Chapter 11

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

niter
skirmishes
tact
lavish
dissipated
suffice
prodigious
flotilla
reconnoitre
ascertain
harangued
alacrity
probosces
vexation
plight
impulsion
melee
despoiled
forestalled
haughty

Chapter 11 Questions:

1. What is the Pyrenees and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. The beginning of this chapter speaks about blasting rocks. Henty states the
Carthaginians might have learned about explosives from the Chinese. What are the
Chinese known for that dates back to the 7th century?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. If someone is highly esteemed it is because they have honorable character traits.
How do you know the Gauls highly esteemed their women?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 27 of 61

4. Who is Scipio?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is the Rhone?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What does this phrase mean? “Seeing that he attempted neither to fly nor to defend
himself...”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Hannibal had been raised to hate Rome and even made a promise to his father about
considering Rome his enemy. If you were Hannibal, how would you go about defeating
her? What strategy might you pursue? (Think about the nature of Roman power in Italy
– not a unified empire but a confederacy of theoretically independent cities and tribes
under Roman leadership.)
2. Learn about engineering during the time of Hannibal. Compare methods used then to
methods of today. How far apart are they? How advanced were the Carthaginians and
Romans?
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 28 of 61

Chapter 12

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

roused
deem
manchet
verdure
fidelity
precipitating
crags
behooves
extricate
acclamation
eke

Chapter 12 Questions:

1. "My life is my lord's," the Arab replied simply. "Glad am I indeed that I have been able
to do you a service." Which two character traits describe how Nessus feels about
Malchus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Who are the Allobroges?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Nessus says he “stole” away until morning. What does that mean?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Hannibal gave a stirring speech as he and his men looked out upon the plains of
Italy. What did he tell his men they would find there?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. How many days did it take to cross the Alps?
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 29 of 61

6. Do you think Hannibal was wise in his attempts to cross the Pyrenees and the Alps
given the men and animals he lost along the way? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Imagine you are a Carthaginian soldier under the leadership of Hannibal. Find out
more about the treacherous march through the Alps to Rome. You have heard stories
from travellers and are now going to find out for yourself what the trip will entail. Keep a
first-person journal account. Include descriptions about the hardships of the journey as
well as feelings about the tragic loss of life incurred during the trek. Remember to use
details such as the clothing they wore, the food they ate, enemies they fought, and what
it was like to bring elephants through the Alps. Don’t forget to illustrate your journal with
a map of the route and any pictures you will to include.
2. Do a little research and learn about the type of elephants Hannibal engaged in march
to Rome. How are they different from the common elephants we see in the local zoo?
What made him choose those specific elephants? Why did Hannibal use war
elephants? How hard were they to train? You can choose to either write a report or
create a poster to display your information.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 30 of 61

Chapter 13

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

fortnight
inured
supple
praetors
obstinately
mahout
mortified
docile
palisade
cuirass
inculcated

Chapter 13 Questions:

1. Where is Piacenza located, and why is it’s location strategic?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Why is Malchus away from the troops for two months?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. What makes crossing the Apennine Mountains (as well as the Alps) so dangerous?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Malchus, without thinking, dives in after the young Gaulish girl who falls from the
bridge. Is he showing loyalty, virtue, or initiative?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Who is Sempronius?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 31 of 61

6. Sempronius goes against Scipio’s advice and leads an ambitious attack at the Battle
of the Trebia. How does Hannibal win this battle?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Many famous people hail from Piacenza. Make a list with their name, birth and death
dates, and what they are famous for. These will get you started.

• Ettore Boiardi (1897–1985), chef, better known as Chef Boyardee.
• Giorgio Armani (born 1934), fashion designer.
• Teobaldo Visconti (c. 1210–1276), became Pope Gregory X.
2. Using a big map of Europe and North Africa, map Hannibal's march through the Alps
and the gradual expansion of the Roman Empire. Using different colors and symbols,
mark Carthage and its colonies as well as Rome and Roman colonies. Show how war
would have been nearly inevitable between the two expanding powers.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 32 of 61

Chapter 14

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

aspirations
sentiments
menaced
confiscated
asylum
indignation
emancipate
faction
indolent
sham
mar
stoutly
deference
covetous
denunciations
miasma
deter
ratify
aloof
subjugate
pacify
prudent
sullen
obstinate

Chapter 14 Questions:

1. Hamilcar describes Rome as having the wisdom to bind the Latin peoples around her
closely by bestowing upon them the rights of citizenship, by making them feel that her
cause is theirs. In contrast, how does he describe the actions of Carthage?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Where is Lake Trasimene (Trasimeno)?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. How does Hannibal engage Flaminius--why does Flaminius march against Hannibal?
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 33 of 61

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. In what ways does Flaminius compare to Sempronius?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Based on question 4, what character traits describe the opposite of Flaminius?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What is the Fabian strategy?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activities:
1. Research other major generals who led campaigns over the Alps. How do they
compare? How do they differ? Focus on how these generals had to anticipate the
environmental
conditions they would confront, and plan accordingly. Prepare a written report.
2. Research and study the governments of Rome and Carthage. Then compare and
contrast the two. Which government was the most efficient or most fair to the most
people. Keep in mind one major difference in the armies of the two powers was that
Roman soldiers in the early republic were patriots, while the army of Carthage was
composed of mercenaries. How did it affect the outcome of the wars?
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles. Here’s an animated map for the Lake Trasimene Battle.
http://militaryhistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=militaryhistory&cdn=educa
tion&tm=147&f=20&su=p284.13.342.ip_&tt=11&bt=5&bts=&zu=http%3A//www.theartofb
attle.com/battle-of-lake-trasimene-217-bc.htm

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 34 of 61

Chapter 15

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

alighted
alliance
patois
trebled
arbitrate
hew
stringent
fretted
defile

Chapter 15 Questions:

1. This sentence sounds like a question, but it isn’t. What does it mean? “Do you enter
with me, Trebon, but let your men remain...”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Who does Trebon enlist to help him free Malchus from the chief?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Who is Gnaeus Servilius Geminus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Where is Campania located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Analyze Hannibal’s use of torches affixed to the horns of the cows. Was this a smart
strategy? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 35 of 61

Activities:
1. The cattle ascending the mountain must have been a spectacular site. Draw a picture
of this strategic event. An alternate idea is to draw the picture on black construction
paper with pastel chalk. You can sketch from the point of view of Fabius if you choose.
2. Alphabetize the vocabulary words.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 36 of 61

Chapter 16

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

enticed
intrenchments
foraging
impetuosity
obstinately
annihilated
pestiferous
lethargy
patricians
plebeians
exigences
hawse
bulwarks
malediction
litter
portal
apertures
mutilated
cowed

Chapter 16 Questions:

1. What is Apulia and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Who is Marcus Minucius Rufus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Why does Minucius resign his post, and do you agree with his decision? Why or why
not?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. What huge mistake does Malchus make while sailing to Carthage?
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 37 of 61

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. By not heeding the message from Nessus, Malchus finds himself in a Carthage
dungeon. Rather than demonstrating the positive character trait of alertness, Malchus
shows the negative character trait of what?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. In this activity you are going to interview Hannibal and Malchus for a newspaper
article. The folks back in Carthage want to know everything that is going on and you are
just the person to fill them in. The interview will obviously include dates, locations,
battles, statistics, and enemies, but you will also want to include emotions, feelings, and
what-ifs. This can be a one time print, a two-part story, or even a series. You can make
it purely factual, or you can highlight adventure, intrigue, and danger to draw your
reader in. You decide!
2. Alphabetize the vocabulary words.
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 38 of 61

Quiz 3 Chapters 11-16
1. What is the Pyrenees and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who is Scipio?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. How many days did it take to cross the Alps?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What makes crossing the Apennine Mountains (as well as the Alps) so dangerous?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is the Fabian strategy?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Where is Campania located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. Who is Marcus Minucius Rufus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 39 of 61

Chapter 17

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

contrive
absolved
meted
subterranean
aqueducts
moored
embarked
avail
howdah
mahouts
docile
feigning
garb
cumbrous
casemates
bulwark
bustle
voucher
redoubled
pacify

Chapter 17 Questions:

1. Where does Nessus decided to hide Malchus, and do you think it is a safe and
inconspicuous place? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. The friends of Nessus go out of their way to help Malchus hide even though it puts
them in great danger. They say Nessus’ friends are their friends and his master is their
master. This shows the character traits of honor and hospitality or honor and humility?
______________________________________________________________________

3. What does “without” mean in this sentence? “... then remembered that he had heard
that at nightfall numbers of bats could be seen flying up from the openings to the
reservoirs to seek food without, returning to their hiding places when morning
approached.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 40 of 61

4. Do you think Malcus will be able to escape the citadel without exception? Explain why
or why not.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is another good title for this chapter?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Research and construct a model or schematic drawing of a Carthaginian warship
and/or a Roman warship. Expand your drawing with descriptions of the ship’s main
features and the roles of crew members.
2. Learn about cisterns and reservoirs used in ancient times. What purpose did they
serve? How were they constructed? Were they effective? Are they still used today?
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 41 of 61

Chapter 18

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

parapet
opulent
traverse
stratagem
populace
tribunals
pretense
partisans
foul
accursed
indignant
resignedly
slothful
enervating
dissuade
sentiments
stealthily
accosted
embroiled
abated
entrenched
insubordination
arduous
interposed

Chapter 18 Questions:

1. Read what Manon says in this sentence: "I say nothing to dissuade you, Malchus,"
the old man replied, "such are the natural sentiments of your age; and methinks, were
my own time to come over again, I too would choose such...” What does he mean when
he uses the phrase “to come over again”?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Malchus states that if he survives the battlefield he will go to live out the rest of his life
in Gaul. Why does he say this, and why does he choose Gaul?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 42 of 61

3. What is Corinth, and where is it located?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Brundisium is Latin for what?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. When and where is the battle of Cannae?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Increase your knowledge about the Punic Wars using these flash cards.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/FC-The-Punic-Wars.html
2. Here is a military strategy game you can make and play about the battle at Cannae.
You will need a printer. http://juniorgeneral.org/rome/cannae.html
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 43 of 61

Chapter 19

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

exultation (exaltation)
annihilation
destitute
lenient
deputation
clemency
elysium
sinewy
formidable
stagnant
conscripted
wealed
ore
roused

Chapter 19 Questions:

1. Maharbal and some of the other leaders urge Hannibal to march upon Rome. Was
does Hannibal choose not to do this?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Who is Marcus Claudius Marcellus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Where are Hannibal’s bitterest enemies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. How does Henty have Malchus describe the prospect of trying to row in the stormy
Mediterranean Sea?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 44 of 61

5. How do the Romans view those who lay down their arms?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Hannibal, as a matter of policy, had always treated prisoners with humanity and
leniency. Does this show deference or compassion?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What is mined in Sardinia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Have fun playing this online game about the Punic Wars.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/ES-The-Punic-Wars.html
2. How much do you know about geography during the Punic Wars. Try this map quiz.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-04/MAP-The-Punic-Wars-Ancient-Rome-Map-
Quiz-DBQ-MC.html
3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.
4. Continue the timeline.
5. Continue your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 45 of 61

Chapter 20

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

sauntered
scrupulously
recesses
requisition
rout
morrow
beetling
stupefied
confiscated
arbours (arbors)
vistas
laden
elude
inviolate
harry
ratified
spectacle
insurgents
thronged
dejection
menaces
mien
mantle
imperiously
baulked (balked)
deferentially (differently)
personage
capricious
seized
unbridled
subservience
denunciations
aristrocity
amassed

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 46 of 61

Chapter 20 Questions:

1. The men agree to work together in the forest in order to survive. They share food,
shelter, and encouragement. This demonstrates what character trait?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think about the men wanting to surrender? Is it a good or bad idea?
Explain your answer stating why it can be good and why it can be bad.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. When we use the word praying we often think of it in terms of praying or talking to
God. How is praying used in this sentence: “I will draw out a document, setting them
forth and my acceptance of them, and will send it at once to the prefect, praying him to
sign it, and to forward it to Rome for the approval of the senate.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. What is the main reason Flavia wants Malchus as her slave?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. As Malchus is led through the streets of Rome, he makes comparisons to Carthage.
What does he compare?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activities:

1. Using a chart, list the strengths and weaknesses of Hannibal’s preparations for
attacking Rome. A “T” chart might be helpful.
http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/pdf/tchart_eng.pdf

2. Try this multiple choice practice quiz about the Punic Wars.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/MC-The-Punic-Wars.html

3. Add to the list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies.

4. Continue the timeline and list of battles

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 47 of 61

Chapter 21

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

ventured
reverentially
haughty
loathing
condescendingly
incredulously
dames
despise
averse
chastise
livid
behest
grovelling
irresolute
suffice
acquiescence
circuit
docility
biding
render
fancy
astonish
exorbitant
hence
magnanimity
caprices
resolve
oblige
dissolute

Chapter 21 Questions:

1. What are the duties of Malchus while Flavia’s slave?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Why does Sempronius dislike Malchus? What negative character trait describes him?
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 48 of 61

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Does Flavia plan on helping Malchus & Clotilde out of the goodness of her heart?
What are her reasons?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What does “light upon you” mean in this sentence? "Pretty slaves have been carried
off before now, and no suspicion need light upon you.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Who is Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activities:
1. Hypothesize what might have happened to the balance of power in the
Mediterranean if Hannibal had conquered the city of Rome.
2. Are you up to the challenge? Go head-to-head in this fun two person quiz challenge
about the Punic Wars. You have a few options at the bottom of the page.
http://www.studenthandouts.com/Games-02/PT-The-Punic-Wars.html
3. Create two Mind Maps. One map will note the reasons for the Roman victory and the
other will note the reasons for Hannibal’s defeat.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 49 of 61

Chapter 22

Vocabulary Words – Write a short definition of the following words: (The words are
arranged in the order they appear in the chapter rather than alphabetically.)

niche
corridor
affright
procured
resolute
prostrate
grappled
kerchief
implored
ascertained
wooing
leech
avowing
seclusion
battlements
bade
eminence
extricate
obstinate
adroitness
affianced
lethargy
sufferance
intrigue
sloth
dissensions
defied
tottering
ample
inculcated
rectify
injunction

Chapter 22 Questions:

1. What “burden” does the slave drop in the following sentence? “...while the other
slave, dropping his burden, closed with Malchus and threw his arms around him.”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 50 of 61