Study Guide for G. A. Henty’s “The Young Carthaginian”

2. Julia demands a hue and cry. What is it?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. What is the third-longest river in Italy and the main watercourse for the city of Rome?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Where is Capua?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. When does Hannibal go into exile?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

6. What happens to Hannibal in Bithynia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activities:

1. Construct a family tree for Hannibal.

2. Do you think the story of Hannibal could be an example of hagiography? Look up the
word ‘hagiography’ in a dictionary. What do you think? Hagiography refers to the
biographies of saints or venerate persons; idealizing or idolizing biography.

3. Complete your list of words describing Hannibal’s leadership/tactics/strategies. Then,
using those as a guide decide why Hannibal should be remembered. You can design a
poster, write a report, compose a song, or write a poem for this activity. Be creative.

4. Complete the timeline.

5. Complete your list of battles.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 51 of 61

Quiz 4: Chapters 17-22

1. When and where is the battle of Cannae?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Where are Hannibal’s bitterest enemies?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Summarize Hannibal in The Second Punic War.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. As Malchus is led through the streets of Rome, he makes comparisons to Carthage.
What does he compare?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Who is Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Which Roman general is famous for defeating Hannibal during the Second Punic
War?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What happens to Hannibal in Bithynia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 52 of 61

Chapter 1 Answers:
1. The Numidians, one of the earliest natives to trade with the settlers of Carthage, are
Berber people from Numidia. Numidia is located in present day Algeria and a smaller
part of Tunisia.
2.. Greece, Nubia, Sardinia, the islands of the Aegean, Crete, Egypt, Celts, Libya, and
Phoenicia are all represented.
3. Malchus is the son of Hamilcar, the leader of the expedition in the desert.
4. He is the cousin of Malchus and known as the greatest man in Carthage.
5. The Ebro, or Ebre, is one of the most important rivers in the Iberian Peninsula. It is
the biggest river by discharge volume in Spain.
6. Endurance

Chapter 2 Answers:
1. The Phoenicians, originally, are a Semitic (ancestors of Shem) people that once
inhabited the coasts of modern Lebanon. They are seafarers and they founded
Carthage in 814 BC. They later gave birth to the so-called Punic culture which had its
roots in the Berber and Phoenician cultures.
2. I admit
3. Cautiousness (Proverbs 19:2)
4. Olive trees, fig trees, pomegranates, other fruit trees, nut trees, vineyards, palm
trees, and other luxuriant crops
5. Byrsa is the walled citadel above the harbour in ancient Carthage. It is also the name
of the hill it rested on. The name is derived from the Phoenician word for citadel.

Chapter 3 Answers:
1. Hamilcar Barca was a Carthaginian general and statesman of Cyrene origin, leader
of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago. He was also father-
in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.
2. Loftiness of aim, unselfish patriotism, clearness of judgment, command of his troops,
administration of duties
3. Hamilcar is telling Malchus to encourage small groups of men to action by talking up
the situation to them; to make them ready or prepare them for supporting Hannibal.
4. Carthage is located on the tip of North Africa in present day Tunisia, on the eastern
side of Lake Tunis across from the center of Tunis.
5. What do you think will happen in regards to support for Hannibal in the next chapter?
Answers will vary.

Chapter 4 Answers:
1. Hanno the Great is a wealthy Carthaginian aristocrat who opposes Hannibal and
leads the anti-war faction in Carthage because he is pro-Roman.
2. Carthage was built on a promontory with sea inlets to the north and the south. The
city's location made it master of the Mediterranean's maritime trade. All ships crossing
the sea had to pass between Sicily and the coast of Tunisia, where Carthage was built,
affording it great power and influence.
3. They came from their houses; left their houses.
4. Suggested answer--Carthage looks intimidating, but looks are deceiving.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 53 of 61

5. Justice

Chapter 5 Answers:
1.Brave, ready, thoughtful and trustworthy
2. Moloch worship was practiced by the Canaanites, Phoenician, and related cultures in
North Africa and the Levant. As a god worshipped by the Phoenicians and Canaanites,
Moloch had associations with a particular kind of propitiatory child sacrifice by parents.
3. Moloch figures in the Book of Deuteronomy and in the Book of Leviticus as a form of
idolatry (Leviticus 18:21: "And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to
Moloch"). In the Old Testament, Gehenna was a valley by Jerusalem, where apostate
Israelites and followers of various Baalim and Canaanite gods, including Moloch,
sacrificed their children by fire (2 Chr. 28:3, 33:6; Jer. 7:31, 19:2–6).
4. John Milton’s “Paradise Lost” (1667), refers to a person or thing demanding or
requiring a very costly sacrifice. In Allen Ginsberg’s “Howl” (1995), Moloch is used as a
metaphor for capitalism and industrial civilization, and for America, more specifically.
Bertrand Russell's A Free Man's Worship (1903), uses Moloch as a social allegory.
Moloch is used to describe a particularly savage brand of religion.
5. It lay at the head of a gulf facing south, about a mile in depth and nearly double that
width. Across the mouth of this bay was an island, with a narrow passage on each side,
protecting it from the southern winds, and forming with it a magnificent harbour. On a
bold hill at the head of the harbour stood the town. This hill rose from a wide lagoon,
which communicated on one side with the sea, and was on the other separated from it
only by a strip of land, four hundred yards wide. Through this a wide channel had been
dug. Thus the hill, which was of considerable extent, rugged and precipitous, was
isolated, and could only be attacked by sea.

Chapter 6 Answers:
1. Very rapidly she fell from the lofty position she had held, and her place in the world
and her proud position as Queen of the Seas was very speedily taken by Carthage.
2. Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa
bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the
southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
3. Troops of monkeys, hyenas, jackals, lions, and wolves
4. He is using discretion.
5. It is an adjective that means mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an
exaggerated or ludicrous degree.

Chapter 7 Answers:
1. Imilce is an Iberian princess, daughter of King mucro of Cástulo, who was given in
marriage to Hannibal to seal the alliance between Cástulo and Carthage at the
beginning of the Second Punic War .
2. Cautiousness (Proverbs 19:2)
3. Wolves were trying to kill him so he retreated to the tree to escape them and buy time
until he could figure a way of escape.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 54 of 61

4. Carthage is no longer the most powerful on the sea and can’t overtake Rome via that
route. Hannibal decides attacking by land via the Alps into Italy itself, with the aid of
others who oppose Italy, will bring victory for Carthage.
5. Saguntum gives Hannibal a safe, and close military base from which he can supply
his forces with food and extra troops.

Chapter 8 Answers:
1. First, Northern Spain was to be conquered. Second, Gaul had to be crossed. Third,
the terrible Alps had to be surmounted. And fourth, a fight for life and death was to be
fought out on the plains of Italy.
2. The city stood on an almost isolated rock at the foot of a spur of the mountains which
formed an amphitheatre behind it. Sheer drops from the wall made Saguntum almost
inaccessible. Only the western side where the rocks sloped gradually down to the plain
was accessible, but the walls there were strong and high, and were strengthened by a
tower which dominated the whole slope. The approach was made even more difficult
since there was no soil and no cover of any kind. Also, the country around it was fertile
so growing food was no problem. The sea was less than a mile from its walls which
meant the Romans could send troops easily to them.
3. They saw no reason to post troops in such a faraway place, and they viewed the very
young Hannibal as no threat.
4. Malchus describes Trebon as prompt and active, always cheerful under fatigue, and
as brave as a lion.
5. Answers will vary.

Chapter 9 Answers:
1. Sincerity--Eagerness to do what is right with transparent motives(I Peter 1:22).
2. Sagunto is located in the modern fertile comarca of Camp de Morvedre in the
province of Valencia in Eastern Spain. This hilly site is situated at the foot of the Peñas
de Pajarito, on the western bank of the Palancia River, just north-northeast of Valencia
city, close to the Costa del Azahar on the Mediterranean Sea.
3. Fabius Maximus is a Roman politician and general, born in Rome around 280 BC and
died in Rome in 203 BC. His agnomen Cunctator (cognate to the English noun
cunctation) means "delayer" in Latin, and refers to his tactics in deploying the troops
during the Second Punic War. He adopted an indirect strategy aimed at two goals: To
deny the Carthaginian ability to re-supply by cutting their supply lines and practicing a
Scorched Earth policy. And secondly to keep Rome’s Italic allies from defecting to
Carthage.
4. He is widely regarded as the father of guerrilla warfare due to his, at the time, novel
strategy of targeting enemy supply lines in light of being largely outnumbered.
5. Once they saw the great wealth brought back, they no longer felt it a hardship to fight
in the Carthaginian ranks, and the levies called out in the spring went willingly and even
eagerly.

Chapter 10 Answers:
1. They see and admire Hannibal’s genuine concern for their welfare and how he treats
them as comrades. Loyalty

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 55 of 61

2. Burgos is is located in northern Spain and is the historic capital of Castile. It is
situated on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries, at the edge of the Iberian
central plateau.
3. He means they need to go toward and climb up the ravine.
4. An ancient Semitic goddess of love and war, being the Phoenician, Syrian, and
Canaanite counterpart to Ishtar. In the Bible, her name sometimes appears in the plural,
perhaps referring to a group of goddesses. Also called Ashtoreth.
5. Answers will vary.

Chapter 11 Answers:
1.The Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural
border between France and Spain. It separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of
continental Europe, and extends for about 305 miles from the Bay of Biscay (Cap
Higuer) to the Mediterranean (Cap de Creus).
2. Fireworks
3. In the treaty Hannibal entered into with the Gaulish chiefs, they demanded all
complaints on the part of the natives against Carthaginian troops should be carried to
Hannibal himself or the general representing him, and that all complaints of the
Carthaginians against the natives should be decided without appeal by a council
composed of Gaulish women, not men.
4. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, also known as Scipio the African, Scipio the
Elder, and Scipio the Great was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of
the Roman Republic.
5. It is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in Switzerland and running from there
through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the
river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhone (French: Grand Rhône) and
the Little Rhone (Petit Rhône). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region.
6. He wasn’t trying to run away (fly).

Chapter 12 Answers:
1. Hospitality, Attentiveness, Cautiousness, Forgiveness, Loyalty--Attentiveness and
Loyalty
2. They are a Gallic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between the Rhône River and the
Lake of Geneva. Their cities were in the areas of modern-day Annecy, Chambéry and
Grenoble, the modern departement of Isère, and modern Switzerland. Their capital was
today's Vienne.
3. He hid.
4. He told them they would find rest and friends, wealth and glory.
5. 15
6. Answers will vary.

Chapter 13 Answers:
1. Strategically the city is at a major crossroads between Bologna, gateway to eastern
Italy, and Milan, gateway to the Alps, and between Brescia at the foot of the Alps and
Tortona, where branches lead to Turin in the north, and Genoa, a major coastal port.
Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia, draining the northern Apennines, and

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 56 of 61

the Po, the major waterway of northern Italy, draining to the east. Piacenza right from its
foundation has been of vital interest to political powers who would control northern Italy,
more than any other city there.
2. He was recuperating from severe frostbite on his feet and other injuries.
3. The terrain of the Apennines (and the Alps) is to a large degree unstable due to
various types of landslides: falls and slides of rocks and debris, flows of earth and mud,
spreads of earth and sinkholes.
4. Initiative
5. Tiberius Sempronius Longus was a Roman consul during the Second Punic War and
a contemporary of Publius Cornelius Scipio.
6. Sempronius charges his army into a trap and is enveloped by the forces of Hannibal’s
brother, Mago.

Chapter 14 Answers:
1. Carthage has throughout her history been paving the way for her fall. She fights, but
it is with foreign mercenaries. She stamps under foot the people she has conquered,
and while her tax collectors grind them to the earth, and she forces them to send their
sons to fight her battles, she gives them no share in her privileges, no voice in her
councils.
2. Lake Trasimene is the largest lake on the Italian peninsula, part of the province of
Perugia, in the Umbria region. The Lake is located in the south of the Po River and to
the north of the nearby Tiber River.
3. Flaminius is eager to exact revenge for the devastation of the countryside and is
upset at facing increasing political criticism from Rome, so he marches out against
Hannibal.
4. Flaminius, like Sempronius, was impetuous, overconfident, and lacking in self-control.
5. Answers might include alertness, cautiousness, wisdom, decisiveness, or
thoroughness.
6. Quintus Fabius Maximus was elected dictator by the Roman Assembly and adopted
the "Fabian strategy" of avoiding pitched conflict, relying instead on low-level
harassment to wear the invader down, until Rome could rebuild its military strength.

Chapter 15 Answers:
1. Malchus is actually instructing Trebon to go with him into the hut of the chief.
2. About 50 old men, women, and children he forced into helping him.
3. He was a Roman consul, serving as both general and admiral of Roman forces,
during the Second Punic War.
4. In Southern Italy on the Italian Peninsula with the Mediterranean Sea to the west.
5.. Answers will vary.

Chapter 16 Answers:
1. Apulia is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the
Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south.
2. He was a political enemy of Fabius Maximus. He was against his delaying defensive
strategy during the Second Punic War.

Copyright © 2013 Jim Hodges Audio Books
Page 57 of 61