Product Training Handbook September 2017

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The chemical reactions in a battery create a build-up of electrons at the
Anode side. These electrons constantly strive to reach a place with fewer
electrons (ie. the Cathode), but the electrolyte keeps them from doing so.

When closing a circuit between the Anode and Cathode, the electrons will be
able to move. On the way they can be used to power a light bulb etc. When
all electrons in the Anode have moved to the Cathode, the battery is
discharged.

_

_+
Cathode

Flow of electrons
Electrolyte

-_ Anode
_

When recharging a battery, the charger reverses the electromechanical
process, forcing electrons back to the Anode. When fully charged, the
battery is restored to its original state, and can once again be used to
provide power.

Why settle on Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery technology?

Lithium-ion batteries are incredibly popular these days. You can find them in
laptops, PDAs, mobile phones and iPods.

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They're so common because, gram for gram, they're some of the most
energetic rechargeable batteries available. Lithium-ion batteries are popular
because they have a number of important advantages over competing
technologies:

They're generally much lighter than other types of rechargeable batteries of
the same size. The electrodes of a lithium-ion battery are made of
lightweight lithium and carbon. Lithium is also a highly reactive element,
meaning that a lot of energy can be stored in its atomic bonds. This
translates into a very high energy density for lithium-ion batteries.

A typical lithium-ion battery can store 150 watt-hours of electricity in 1
kilogram of battery. A NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) battery pack can store
perhaps 100 watt-hours per kilogram, although 60 to 70 watt-hours might be
more typical. A lead-acid battery can store only 25 watt-hours per kilogram.
Using lead-acid technology, it takes 6 kilograms to store the same amount of
energy that a 1 kilogram lithium-ion battery can handle.

Another advantage of Lithium-ion is that they hold their charge. A lithium-ion
battery pack loses only about 5 percent of its charge per month, compared to
a 20 percent loss per month for NiMH batteries. Additionally, they have no
memory effect, which means that you do not have to completely discharge
them before recharging, as with some other battery chemistries. •Lithium-ion
batteries can handle hundreds of charge/discharge cycles.

As a result, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) is the fastest growing battery system. Li-ion is
used where high-energy and light weight is of prime importance.

To appreciate this more, take a look at the diagram below:

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Battery Advantages Disadvantages

Type - More expensive to
manufacture
Li-ion - - Long lifetime, up to 1000 -
- Deep discharging damages
(Lithium- charge cycles the cell

ion) - - Very high energy density permanently

- - No memory effect - Leaves a memory effect
- Toxic Cadmium
- Short charging times - Banned for most uses within
EU
- Can have various shapes - Self unloading at a rate of
1% per day
NiMh - - High energy density - - High weight
- Toxic (but recyclable)
(Nickel - No memory effect

Metal

Hydride)

NiCD - - Can supply high surge -

(Nickel currents

Cadmium - Can tolerate deep discharge

Lead - - Low cost -
(Pb) - High capacity

The advantages of the Li-ion technology makes it the battery of choice
for the Husqvarna battery products

Battery Safety

Li-ion batteries are safe when handled correctly,
but there are some things to consider to avoid
possible hazards:

The batteries are only intended to be used in
Husqvarna products and should not be used in
any other applications. Only recharge the
batteries with Husqvarna chargers. Using other
chargers may damage the batteries and can even
cause a fire!

Always follow the safety instructions in the
Operators’ Manual…….

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When handling the batteries, it is important that they
are not short-circuited, as it will generate heat. To
avoid short-circuiting, don’t let the contacts of the
battery come into contact with metal objects at any
time.

Always store and transport Li-ion batteries in such a
way that it’s contact cannot come into contact with
metal and cause a short circuit. When moving Li-ion batteries, they should
be packed in separate boxes or plastic bags, and not be mounted in the
product.

For long term storage, the battery
should preferably not be empty. The
batteries are charged to 30% from the
factory and can be stored for up to 2
years without recharging. Avoid storing
Li-ion batteries in direct sunlight or in
temperatures above normal room
temperatures.

Battery Basics

Voltage: (V)

Voltage is a measure of the strength of an electrical source (for a given
current level). Generally speaking, the higher the voltage the heavier the
battery will be. Batteries that have a voltage between 3.6V and 12v are
generally designed for light duty tools such as cordless screwdrivers and
small cordless drill drivers. Batteries that have a voltage between 14.;4V and
36V are generally designed for use on heavier duty tools such as cordless
angle grinders, cordless circular saws and outdoor handheld power
equipment.

A battery packs total voltage is the result of cells connected series. A
Lithium-ion battery has a nominal single cell voltage of 3.6 volts. Therefore a
battery pack containing 10 cells in series will have a nominal voltage of 36V
(10 x 3.6V single cells in series). It is possible to have both series and
parallel configurations e.g. 10s1p = 10 cells in series, 1 in parallel)

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Capacity: (Ah – Ampere hours)

Once fully charged, the maximum run-time of a Li-ion tool is largely
determined by the battery’s amp-hour (Ah) value. In essence this value
represents the ‘fuel tank’ of the tool. The larger the fuel tank, the longer the
tool will operate for. Amp-hour values will generally range from 1.3Ah to
3.3Ah depending on the tool’s intended applications. As this capacity
increases, batteries will also become heavier and will take longer to charge.
A nominal capacity of 2.1Ah can be achieved using a 3.6V single cell
battery.

Theoretically speaking, a 1.5Ah battery in a device drawing a current of 1.5
Amps will last 1 hour. As a rough guide, we can assume: Operation time
(hours) = Amp-hour Value (Ah) / Current draw

“Memory effect” in some batteries can also seriously affect their runtime.
This is the main reason why batteries last for very short periods of time, even
right after they have been charged. The term “memory” effect is a condition
found in some rechargeable batteries that results in the reduction of their
capacity.

A battery packs total capacity is the result of the parallel connection of
cells:

- Single Li-ion cell: (Ah) value varies a lot depending on cell type and size
(assuming 2 parallel 2.1 Ah cells: 4.2Ah battery)

Nominal (average) voltage: 3.6V

Max voltage at 100% charge level: 4.2V

Min voltage when discharged: 2.5V

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Energy: (Wh – Watt hours)
Nominal capacity (Ah) x nominal voltage (V) = nominal energy (Wh) e.g.
4.2Ah x 36V = 150Wh.

Husqvarna BLi80 & BLi150 battery – cell setup
Single cell from Husqvarna BLi80 & BLi150

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Why have we chosen a 36 Volt setup?

The battery runtime depends on the amount of energy in a
battery (Wh – Watt Hours). So a certain amount of energy can be
achieved with different cell setups. As long as the amount of cells
are the same, the voltage level does not affect battery
performance.

The only thing that differs between a 36V and a 72V setup are the nominal
values. If a 20 cell BLi150 would be 72V instead of 36V, the capacity would be
2.1Ah instead of 4.2Ah (because to get 72V the batteries need to be
connected in series!)

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Pros and Cons of 36V setup:

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Section 2.2- Battery Product Range

Battery operated outdoor power tools have been available for a while. But
the technology has not reached the levels of power and efficiency that we at
Husqvarna require to put our name on a product. Until now.

Take a look at the Husqvarna Battery Series: a line of products that includes
battery powered chainsaws, leaf blowers, grass trimmers and hedge
trimmers.

Don’t be fooled by the small size of the electric motor. The torque in our
battery-driven machines is higher than in many petrol-fuelled ones. This has
been achieved by studying model planes. Their small, lightweight motors
offer a very high level of efficiency, with excellent power and rapid
acceleration at low speed

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120i Chainsaw

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536LiXP Chainsaw

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T536LiXP Chainsaw

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115iL Trimmer

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536LiLX Trimmer

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536LiRX Brushcutter

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115iHD45 Hedge Trimmer

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536LIHD60X Hedge Trimmer

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536LiHE3 Hedge Trimmer

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536LiPX Polesaw

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536LiP4 Polesaw

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536LiPT5 Polesaw

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536LiB Blower

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536LiBX Blower

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LC141Li Lawnmower

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BLi10 / BLi20 Integrated Battery

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BLi200 / BLi300 Integrated Battery

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BLi520X Backpack Battery

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BLi940X Backpack Battery

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Student Notes:

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