BEF12403
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 1
SIMULATION OF VOLTAGE DIVIDER CIRCUIT
NAME: WAN HAZIRAH BINTI WAN OMAR
MATRIC NO:AE160013
LECTURER’S NAME: DR. AFANDI BIN AHMAD
Figure 1 and Figure 2 shows voltage divider with five resistor series and parallel
combinations respectively while Table 1 shows five (5) different resistors combination.
Figure 1: Voltage divider with five resistor series combinations
Figure 2: Voltage divider with five resistor parallel combinations
Table 1: Five (5) different resistors combination.
Resistors Resistance value (Ω)
R1 6k
R2 0.6k
R3
R4 0.06k
R5 150
60
Calculation
A) Series Circuit
Based on the circuit shown in Figure 1 with resistance value as shown in Table 1,
the calculations are as follows:
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
= 6k + 0.6k + 0.06k + 150 + 60
= 6870 Ω
IT = VS/RT
= 15/6870
= 2.18 mA
VR1 = [R1/ (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5)] × [VS]
= [6k/ (6k + 0.6k +0.06k + 150 + 60)] × [15]
= 13.1V
VR2 = [R2 / (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5)] × [VS]
= [0.6k / (6k + 0.6k +0.06k + 150 + 60)] × [15]
= 1.31V
VR3 = [R3 / (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5)] × [VS]
= [0.06k / (6k + 0.6k +0.06k + 150 + 60)] × [15]
= 0.13V
VR4 = [R4/ (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5)] × [VS]
= [150 / (6k + 0.6k +0.06k + 150 + 60)] × [15]
= 0.33V
VR5 = [R5/ (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5)] × [VS]
= [60 / (6k + 0.6k +0.06k + 150 + 60)] × [15]
= 0.13V
B) Parallel Circuit
Based on the circuit shown in Figure 2 with resistance value as shown in Table 1,
the calculations are as follows:
1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 + 1/R5
= 1/6k + 1/0.6k + 1/0.06k + 1/150 + 1/60
= 251/6000
RT = 6000/251
= 23.904 Ω
IT = VS / RT
= 15/ 23.904
= 0.628 A
1/RA = 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 + 1/R5
= 1/0.6k + 1/0.06k + 1/150 + 1/60
= 1/24
RA = 24 Ω
IR1 = [RA / (R1 + RA)] × [IT]
= [24/ (6k + 24)] × [0.628]
= 2.502mA
IRA = IT - IR1
= 0.62 - 2.502m
= 0.617A
1/RB = 1/R3 + 1/R4 + 1/R5
= 1/0.06k + 1/150 + 1/60
= 1/25
RB = 25 Ω
IR2 = [RB / (R2 + RB)] × [IRA]
= [25/ (0.6k + 25)] × [0.617]
= 0.025A
IRB = IRA- IR2
= 0.617 - 0.025
= 0.592A
1/RC = 1/R4 + 1/R5
= 1/150 + 1/60
= 7/300
RC = 300/7
= 42.857Ω
IR3 = [RC / (R3 + RC)] × [IRB]
= [42.857/ (0.06k + 42.857)] × [0.592]
= 0.247A
IRC = IRB - IR3
= 0.592 - 0.247
= 0.345A
IR4 = [R5 / (R4 + R5)] × [IRC]
= [60/ (150 + 60)] × [0.345]
= 0.099A
IR5 = IRC - IR4
= 0.345 - 0.099
= 0.246A
VR1 = IR1 × R1
= 2.502m × 6k
= 15.01V
VR2 = IR2 × R2
= 0.025 × 0.6k
= 15.0V
VR3 = IR3 × R3
= 0.247 × 0.06k
= 14.82V
VR4 = IR4 × R4
= 0.099 × 150
= 14.85V
VR5 = IR5 × R5
= 0.246 × 60
= 14.76V
Simulation
Figure 3 shows the simulation for the circuit in Figure 1 while Figure 4 shows the
simulation for the circuit in Figure 2.
Figure 3: Simulation for the circuit in Figure 1
Figure 4: Simulation for the circuit in Figure 2
Discussion
A) Series Circuit
Table 2 shows the comparison between the value of current and voltage across the
resistors obtained by using Proteus Software and manual calculation for the circuit in
Figure 1.
Table 2: The Comparison between the value of current and voltage across the
resistors obtained by using Proteus Software and manual calculation for the circuit in
Figure 1.
No Resistance, R (Ω) Current, I (mA) Voltage, V (V)
Proteus Manual Proteus Manual
Software Calculation Software Calculation
1 6k 13.1 13.1
2 0.6k 1.31 1.31
3 0.06k 2.18 2.18 0.13 0.13
4 150 0.33 0.33
5 60 0.13 0.13
B) Parallel Circuit
Table 3 shows the comparison between the value of current and voltage across the
resistors obtained by using Proteus Software and manual calculation for the circuit in
Figure 2.
Table 3: The Comparison between the value of current and voltage across the
resistors obtained by using Proteus Software and manual calculation for the circuit in
Figure 2.
No Resistance (Ω) Current, I (A) Voltage (V)
Proteus Manual Proteus Manual
Software Calculation Software Calculation
1 6k 2.49m 2.502m 14.9 15.01
2 0.6k 0.02 0.025 14.9 15.00
3 0.06k 0.25 0.247 14.9 14.82
4 150 0.10 0.099 14.9 14.85
5 60 0.25 0.246 14.9 14.76
The value obtained using Proteus Software may differ from the manual calculation
because the values were rounded off in calculation.
Reflection
After doing this project, I am able to:
1) understand Kirchhoff’s Law and Ohm’s Law better;
2) apply voltage divider in calculation; and
3) stimulate a circuit by using Proteus Software.
Conclusion
1) The total resistance in the circuit can be calculated by adding the resistance
value of each resistor in the circuit.
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
2) For series circuit, the current that flows through each resistor is equal to the
total current in the circuit.
3) For parallel circuit, the voltage across each resistor in the circuit is equal to
the voltage supply.
4) The current entering a node is equal to the current leaving that node.
5) For a series circuit, the voltage divider rule can be applied to calculate the
voltage drop across the resistor.
VR1 = [R1/ (R1 + R2)] × [VS]
6) The Kirchhoff’s Law and Ohm’s Law had been verified.