KBATSM_Sains Math

BIOLOGY

Soalan 1 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis
Konteks : Pergerakan Bahan Merentasi Membran Plasma

Wilted mustard greens can be made fresh again by soaking it in tap water. A student carried out
an activity to determine the concentration of the cell sap of the mustard green stem using sucrose
solution with different concentrations.

Sawi yang layu boleh dijadikan segar semula dengan merendamkannya ke dalam air pili. Seorang
murid menjalankan satu aktiviti untuk menentukan kepekatan sap sel batang sawi dengan
menggunakan larutan sukrosa yang berbeza kepekatan.

The following graph shows the result of the activity.

Graf berikut menunjukkan keputusan aktiviti.

Percentage change in mass (%)
Peratus perubahan jisim (%)

P

+ ve

Concentration of sucrose solution / %
- ve Kepekatan larutan sukrosa / %

Q

Determine which diagram shows the changes of the cell of mustard green stem in sucrose
solution with concentration Q, when it is transferred and soaked into sucrose solution with
concentration P?
Tentukan rajah yang manakah menunjukkan perubahan pada sel batang sawi dalam larutan sukrosa
berkepekatan Q apabila ia dipindah dan direndam ke dalam larutan sukrosa berkepekatan P?

44

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Sucrose solution with Sucrose solution with
concentration Q concentration P

Larutan sukrosa berkepekatan Q Larutan sukrosa berkepekatan P
A


B


C


D



BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 45

Soalan 2 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi
Konteks : Pembiakan dan Tumbesaran

Common Problem of Male Infertility
Masalah Lazim Ketidaksuburan Lelaki

Guys….let’s race to the
fallopian tube
Kawan-kawan…
mari kita berlumba

ke tiub falopio

What can you conclude from the poster about the causes of male infertility?

Apa yang boleh kamu rumuskan daripada poster itu mengenai sebab-sebab ketidaksuburan
lelaki?

I Excessive semen
Air mani yang berlebihan
II Poor sperm mobility
Pergerakan sperma yang lemah
III Abnormal sperms
Sperma yang tidak normal

A I and II
I dan II
B I and III
I dan III
C II and III
II dan III
D I, II and III
I, II dan III

46

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 3 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi
Konteks : Koordinasi dan Respons

Synthetic plant hormones are widely used in fruit industries. Fruits for local market are sprayed
with hormone X while fruits for export are sprayed with hormone Y.

Hormon tumbuhan sintetik digunakan secara meluas dalam industri buah-buahan. Buah-buahan
untuk pasaran tempatan disembur dengan hormon X manakala buah-buahan untuk eksport
disembur dengan hormon Y.

Which hormones are the best represent X and Y?

Hormon manakah yang terbaik mewakili X dan Y?

X Y
Cytokinin
A Gibberellin Sitokinin
Giberilin Gibberellin
Giberilin
B Cytokinin Ethylene
Sitokinin
Etilena
C Auxin Auxin
Auksin Auksin

D Ethylene
Etilena

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 47

Soalan 4 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis
Konteks : Pengangkutan

Cardiovascular disease is caused by narrowed, blocked or stiffened blood vessels which will
block the blood flow in our body.

Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah disebabkan oleh salur darah yang menjadi sempit, tersumbat atau
mengeras yang akan menghalang pengaliran darah di dalam badan kita.

Diagram 1 shows the symptoms of a type of cardiovascular disease.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan simptom-simptom bagi sejenis penyakit kardiovaskular.

Chest discomfort Arm or back discomfort Neck or jaw discomfort
Ketidakselesaan dada Ketidakselesaan Ketidakselesaan
leher dan rahang
tangan dan belakang

48

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Trouble breathing with Feeling light-headed Feeling sick or discomfort
or without or breaking into a in your stomach
cold sweat
chest discomfort Merasa sakit atau
Masalah bernafas Merasa sakit kepala tidak selesa
dengan atau tanpa dan seram sejuk dalam perut
ketidakselesaan dada

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

What type of cardiovascular disease is indicated by the symptoms?

Apakah jenis penyakit kardiovaskular yang ditunjukkan oleh simptom-simptom itu?

A Stroke
Strok
B Myocardial infarction
Infarksi Miokardium
C Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosklerosis
D Thrombosis
Thrombosis

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 49

Soalan 5 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis, Mencipta
Konteks : Koordinasi dan Respons

The kidney is involves in osmoregulation and formation of urine. Osmoregulation is the regulation
of blood osmotic pressure in maintaining the water content in an organism. It keeps the organism’s
body fluid from becoming too diluted or too concentrated. It involves the coordination between
the endocrine glands X and the kidney. The blood is filtered in the kidney to produce glomerular
filtrate.

Diagram 2.1 shows gland X and the kidney in human which are involved in osmoregulation.
Diagram 2.2 shows a nephron in the kidney.

Ginjal terlibat di dalam proses pengosmokawalaturan dan pembentukan air kencing
Pengosmokawalaturan merupakan pengawalaturan tekanan osmosis darah bagi mengekalkan
kandungan air dalam sesuatu organisma. Ia memelihara bendalir badan organisma daripada
menjadi terlalu cair atau terlalu pekat. Ia melibatkan koordinasi antara kelenjar endokrin X dan
ginjal. Darah ditapis di dalam ginjal untuk menghasilkan hasil turasan glomerulus.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan kelenjar X dan ginjal manusia yang terlibat dalam pengosmokawalaturan.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan nefron dalam ginjal.

Gland X
Kelenjar X

Q

Kidney R
Ginjal

Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.1 Rajah 2.2

50

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

(a) The volume of body fluid in our body decreases below normal if we consume too little water
in our daily menu.

In your opinion, how the habit of drinking too little water may affect the amount of hormone
secreted by gland X?

Isi padu bendalir badan kita menurun di bawah paras normal jika mengambil terlalu sedikit air
dalam menu harian kita.

Pada pendapat anda, bagaimanakah tabiat meminum air yang terlalu sedikit memberi kesan
ke atas jumlah perembesan hormon oleh kelenjar X?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

(b) The content of glomerular filtrate in Q and the fluid in R show differences in terms of
composition.

Kandungan hasil turasan glomerulus dalam Q dan bendalir dalam R menunjukkan perbezaan
daripada segi komposisi.

Explain the differences of the composition between the glomerular filtrate in Q and the fluid
in R.

Terangkan perbezaan komposisi antara hasil turasan glomerulus dalam Q dengan bendalir
dalam R.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

[4 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 51

(c) Diagram 2.3 shows camels that live in desert. They have several adaptations that enable
them to survive for a long periods of time without any water.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan unta hidup di gurun. Mereka mempunyai beberapa penyesuaian yang
membolehkan mereka bertahan untuk satu jangka masa yang lama tanpa air.




Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3

How do the nephrons in the kidney of the camels adapt to the desert environment?
Bagaimanakah nefron dalam ginjal unta disesuaikan untuk persekitaran gurun?
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

52

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

(d)

A REFUGEE WAS STRANDED ON A TROPICAL
RAINFOREST ISLAND AFTER A SHIPWRECK.

THERE IS NO FRESHWATER SUPPLY
AVAILABLE ON THE ISLAND.

SEORANG PELARIAN TELAH TERDAMPAR
DI SEBUAH PULAU HUTAN HUJAN TROPIKA

SELEPAS KAPALNYA KARAM.
DI PULAU TERSEBUT TIDAK TERDAPAT

SEBARANG BEKALAN AIR BERSIH.

Based on the story above, suggest ways for the man to prevent dehydration for his survival.

Berdasarkan cerita di atas, cadangkan beberapa cara bagi lelaki itu mengelakkan dehidrasi
bagi meneruskan hidupnya.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 53

Soalan 6 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi
Konteks : Respirasi

Diagram 3 shows a group of men climbing up a mountain. A lot of energy is needed to do this
activity. Inexperienced climbers always complain that they have breathing difficulty.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sekumpulan lelaki sedang mendaki gunung. Banyak tenaga yang diperlukan
untuk menjalankan aktiviti ini. Pendaki yang tidak berpengalaman sering mengadu bahawa mereka
menghadapi kesukaran bernafas.

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

54

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

(a) Why do cases of breathing difficulty happen to inexperienced climbers?

Mengapakah kes kesukaran bernafas sering berlaku kepada pendaki yang tidak
berpengalaman?

...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) What should be done by the climbers to overcome the problem in 6(a)?

Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh pendaki berkenaan bagi mengatasi masalah di 6(a)

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) The climbers may experience health problems such as headache, cracked skin and oedema.
What is the main cause of this health problem and how to overcome them?

Pendaki-pendaki tersebut mungkin mengalami masalah kesihatan seperti pening kepala,
rekahan kulit dan edema.

Apakah punca utama kepada masalah kesihatan ini dan bagaimana untuk mengatasinya?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 55

Soalan 7 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi
Konteks : Ekosistem Dinamik

Diagram 4 shows two organisms that are found in the paddy field.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua organisma yang terdapat di sawah padi.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

Describe how the interaction between the two organisms brings benefits to the farmers and the
environment.
Huraikan bagaimana interaksi antara kedua-dua organisma ini memberi faedah kepada petani dan
alam sekitar.

[5 marks]
[5 markah]

56

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 8 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Ekosistem Dinamik

Diagram 5 shows organisms in a lake.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan organisma-organisma dalam sebuah tasik.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

Discuss the role of the organisms in maintaining the biodiversity in the lake ecosystem.

Bincangkan peranan organisma dalam mengekalkan kepelbagaian bio di dalam ekosistem
tasik itu.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 57

Soalan 9 : Biology
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menilai
Konteks : Pergerakan dan Sokongan

Good posture is important to maintain a healthy musculoskeletal system.
Diagram 6 below shows a model wearing high heel shoes for a long period of time.

Postur yang baik adalah penting untuk mengekalkan sistem muskuloskeletal yang sihat.
Rajah 6 di bawah menunjukkan seorang model yang memakai kasut bertumit tinggi untuk jangka
masa yang lama.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

You were asked to write a speech on maintaining a healthy musculoskeletal system. The speech
should emphasize on the effects of wearing high heels shoes for a long period of time.

Anda telah diminta untuk menulis satu ucapan tentang mengekalkan sistem muskuloskeletal
yang sihat. Ucapan itu hendaklah menekankan tentang kesan-kesan memakai kasut bertumit
tinggi untuk jangka masa yang lama.

[5 marks]
[5 markah]

58

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 10 : Biology

Kemahiran Kognitif : Mencipta

Konteks : Pewarisan

Mum, the daddy squirrel
and the mummy squirrel have the same
colour, but why the colour of the young
squirrels are not the same ?
Ibu, bapa tupai dan mama tupai kedua-

duanya berwarna sama, kenapa warna
anak-anak mereka tidak sama pula ?

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

By using Mendel’s First Law, explain why the fur colour of the pups is not the same?

Dengan menggunakan Hukum Mendel Pertama, jelaskan kenapa warna bulu anak-anak tupai
tidak sama?

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 59

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN Marks

No. Butiran 1
1
5(a) Able to explain the habit of drinking too little water to the 1
amount of hormon secreted by the gland 1

Sample answer : 1
1
P1 : (drinking too little water), blood osmotic pressure is higher 1
than the normal range 1
P2 : Pitiutary gland is stimulated to secrete more ADH 1
P3 : More water is reabsorp into the blood capillary 1
P4 : Blood osmotic pressure increases to normal range
1
[Any 3] 1
1
(b) Able to explain two differences in the filtrate content in Q 1
and R

Sample answer :

F1 : Filtrate in R has higher urea content than in Q
P1 : Urea are secreted from the blood capillary into the distal
convulated tubule
F2 : Filtrate in Q has glucose content but R has no glucose
P2 : Glucose is reabsorp in the proximal and distal
convulated tubule
F3 : Filtrate in Q has amino acids content but R has no
amino acids
P3 : Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal and distal

convulated tubule

[Any 2F and 2P]

(c) Able to explain how camels nephron is adapted to the desert
enviroment

Sample answer :

P1 : Has very long loops of Henle / Very long nephron /
Very thick medula
P2 : More water will be reabsorbed back into the blood capillary
P3 : Urine produced less
P4 : More concentrated

[Any 3]

60

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

(d) Able to create a way of how the man can prevent dehydration

Sample answer :

P1 : Consume fruits / Leaves / Plants // Any suitable example 1
P2 : Dive in the seawater for a few minutes / Regularly for 1
cooling effect 1
P3 : Stay under shelter / Tree / Shady area to prevent radiation 1
P4 : Eat / Consume fish / Crab / Jellyfish / Any suitable 1
organisms as a source of food / Water. 1
P5 : Collect rain water as a source of drinking water
P6 : Hunt animals / Any suitable answer, as a source of 13
food / Water
1
[Any 3] 1
1
Jumlah Markah
1
6(a) Able to explain why the inexperienced climbers always having 1
breathing difficulty
1
Sample answer :
1
P1 : As the altitude increase, atmospheric pressure will decrease 1
1
P2 : The volume / wCeornetefanct ionfgOla2cink the air also decrease
P3 : The climbers of O2 5

[Any 1 P]

(b) Able to explain ways to overcome the breathing difficulty
problem

Sample answer :

P1 : TBorinsgupaplolyngenOo2usguhpOpl2yfo/ rWtheaerpreersspoirnatory equipments
P2 :

(c) Able to explain the main cause of the health problem and how
to overcome it

Sample answer :

Main cause : Dehydration

Ways to overcome :

F : drink more water
P1 : to maintain the acidity of the blood
P2 : more O2 can be transported by the blood

[Any 1]

Jumlah Markah

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 61

7 Able to describe ways how the interaction that brings benefit 1
to the farmers in the paddy field and the environment 1
1
Sample answer :
1
P1 : Owl and rat show prey-predator interaction
P2 : Owl is the predator and rat is the prey 1
P3 : When the population of rat/ prey/ Pests increases, the 1
1
population of the owl / Predator also increase.
P4 : The rat is eaten/fed by the owl, the population of rat 1
1
decreases 1
P5 : Production of crop / Paddy increases
P6 : The interaction can be used as Biological Control Method 1
P7 : Environmental friendly / No harmful substances /
pesticides / Chemical released 5
P8 : No pollution
P9 : Maintain the biodiversity
P10 : (Prey-predator relationship help to) control the population
of pets in the ecosystem / paddy field
P11 : Maintain a balance ecosystem in the paddy field

[Any 5]

Jumlah Markah

Skor RUBRIK PENSKORAN
0
Butiran
1–2
No rewardable content
3–4
Limited description of one way and / or one benefit of the interaction
5 (1 way and / or 1 benefit)
The answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses

limited scientific terminology

Detailed description of two ways and two benefits of the interaction
(2 ways and 2 benefits)
The answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and

organization and uses scientific terminology appropriately

Detailed description of two ways and three benefits of the interaction
(2 ways and 3 benefits)
The answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses of a range

of scientific terminology accuracy

62

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

No. Butiran Markah

8 Able to discuss the role of the organisms in maintaining the 1
biodiversity the organisms in the lake ecosystem 1

Sample answer : 1
1
F1 : As a source of food
E1 : Fish / Any suitable example has a high protein content / 1
any suitable food class content 1
F2 : As a source of oxygen supply
E2 : The green plants carry out photosynthesis (during 1
photosynthesis oxygen is produced) 1
F3 : As a source of carbon dioxide supply 1
E4 : Organism in the lake carry out respiration (during respiration
carbon dioxide is produced) 1
E5 : To balanced the carbon cycle 1
F4 : As a source of clean water supply 1
E6 : The dead organism are decomposed by the bacteria / 1
fungi // place to collect rain water 1
F5 : (Place for the) interaction between plants and animals 1
E7 : Green plants play the role as the producer in food chain
E8 : Consumers depend on the producer for food 1
E9 : Energy flow from one tropic level to another tropic level 1
F6 : As a habitat for plant /animals /any suitable example
E10 : The suitable conditions allow the organism to breed / 10
to grow / increase the population / varieties
E11 : Maintain the biodiversity 1
E12 : Balanced the ecosystem 1
1
[Any 10] 1
Jumlah Markah 1

9 Able to describe the effects of wearing high heels for a long time 1
1
Sample answer : 1
1
P1 : Injure the spine 1
P2 : because of bending the spine causing sprains / fractured
P3 : injure the knee / ankle / joint / foot deformities / tendon 5
P4 : by putting more pressure
P5 : cause back ache / shoulder aches / joint pain / blinters /
osteoarthritis
P6 : weight is not distributed evenly
P7 : affect the function of internal organs / heart / lungs / stomach
P8 : cause body imbalance/ unsteady gait
P9 : cause formation of corns / callouses and blisters
P10 : cause foot pain

[Any 5]

Jumlah Markah

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 63

10 Able to explain why not all the pups’ fur are same in colour?

P1 : The squirrel’s colour of the fur is determined by a pair of 1
alleles 1

P2 : The dominant allele for the dark brown fur is represented 1
by letter B, recessive allele is represented by letter b (any
representative of alphabet are accepted) 1
1
Parents Dark brown Dark brown 1
phenotype 1

P3 : Parents Bb x Bb 1
genotype
1
P4 : Meiosis 1
1
P5 : Gametes B b B b 1
1
P6 : Fertilization 1

P7 : Offsprings BB Bb Bb bb 10
Genotype

P8 : Phenotype Dark Dark Dark Light
Brown Brown Brown Brown

P9 : offsprings with genotypes BB has dark brown fur
P10 : because of the presence of two dominant alleles
P11 : offspring with Bb, have dark brown fur
P12 : because of the presence of one dominant allele / B
P13 : bb has light brown coloured fur
P14 : because of the presence of two recessive alleles
// no dominant allele is presence

[Any 10]

Jumlah Markah

64

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

MATHEMATICS

Soalan 1 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Ruang dan Isi Padu

Diagram 1 shows an aquarium with length 120 cm and width 45 cm. A piece of glass divides the
aquarium into two equal partitions, X and Y.
­
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah akuarium dengan panjang 120 cm dan lebar 45 cm. Sekeping kaca
membahagikan akuarium itu kepada dua bahagian yang sama besar, X dan Y.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

Kamal pours sand into the aquarium. In partition X, the height of sand is 2 cm from the base of the
aquarium. The volume of sand in Y is half of the amount in X. He placed two stones of volume 150
cm3 and 100 cm3 respectively into Y. He pours water into both partitions until the water level is 42
cm from the base of the aquarium.

Estimate the difference in the volume of water, in ml, in partition X and Y.

Kamal mencurahkan pasir ke dalam akuarium itu. Dalam bahagian X, ketinggian pasir ialah 2 cm
dari dasar akuarium. Isi padu pasir dalam bahagian Y ialah separuh daripada isi padu pasir dalam
bahagian X. Dia meletakkan dua ketul batu dengan isi padu batu itu ialah masing-masing 150 cm3
dan 100 cm3 ke dalam bahagian Y. Dia mencurahkan air ke dua-dua bahagian sehingga paras air
adalah 42 cm dari dasar akuarium itu.

Anggaran beza isi padu air, dalam ml, antara bahagian X dan bahagian Y.

A 2 450
B 2 950
C 5 150
D 5 400

66

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 2 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Sudut Dongak dan Sudut Tunduk

In conjunction with the 57th National Day celebration, the members of Rukun Negara Club were
assigned to put up a string of the flags from point P on block A to point Q on block B as shown
in Diagram 2.

Sempena menyambut Hari Kebangsaan yang ke 57 ahli-ahli Kelab Rukun Negara ditugaskan
untuk memasang tali bendera dari titik P di blok A ke titik Q di blok B seperti ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 2.

P Flag
Bendera
Block A
Blok A Q

T Block B
Blok B

SR

­

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

Given that the two blocks are on horizontal ground. The angle of depression of point Q from point
P is 34°.
State the information they must find to calculate the minimum length of the string of PQ.

Diberi bahawa kedua-dua blok itu berada di tanah mengufuk. Sudut tunduk titik Q dari titik P
ialah 34°.
Nyatakan maklumat yang mereka perlu cari untuk mengira panjang minimum tali PQ.

A Length of PT
Panjang PT
B Length QR
Panjang QR
C Length SR
Panjang SR
D Length TQ
Panjang TQ

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 67

Soalan 3 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis
Konteks : Set

Table 1 shows the number of A,s obtained by 40 students in Form 4 Anggerik for subjects Bahasa
Melayu (BM), English Language (BI) and Mathematics (MT).

Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan A yang diperoleh oleh 40 orang pelajar Tingkatan 4 Anggerik untuk
mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu (BM), Bahasa Inggeris (BI) dan Matematik (MT).

Subject Numbers of A
Mata pelajaran Bilangan A
13
Bahasa Melayu 11

English Language 26
Bahasa Inggeris
2
Mathematics Not shown
Matematik Tidak ditunjukkan

Bahasa Melayu only 15
Bahasa Melayu sahaja
3
English Language only
Bahasa Inggeris sahaja 5
Not shown
Mathematics only Tidak ditunjukkan
Matematik sahaja

Bahasa Melayu and English Language only
Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Inggeris sahaja

Bahasa Melayu and Mathematics only
Bahasa Melayu dan Matematik sahaja

Mathematics and English Language only
Matematik dan Bahasa Inggeris sahaja

Table 1
Jadual 1

It is given that a few students obtained A for all three subjects. Cikgu Salmah plans to analyze the
performance of her students by representing the data into a Venn diagram.

Which Venn diagram would represent the given data?

Diberi bahawa beberapa orang pelajar telah memperoleh A untuk ketiga-tiga mata pelajaran
itu Cikgu Salmah bercadang membuat analisa pencapaian pelajarnya dengan mewakilkan data
tersebut ke dalam satu gambar rajah Venn.

Gambar rajah Venn manakah yang mewakili data tersebut?

68

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 69

70

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 4 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menilai
Konteks : Sudut Tunduk dan Sudut Dongak

Diagram 3 shows a tourist in a parasailing activity.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan seorang pelancong dalam satu aktiviti ‘parasailing’.

20 m

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

The angle of depression of the boat from the tourist’s eyes is 15o 30´ when the speed of the boat
is 14 knots. The angle of depression increased by 10o when the speed of the boat increases to
18 knots.

Calculate the difference in height, in m, of the tourist between the two situations.

Sudut tunduk bot dari mata pelancong itu ialah 15o 30´ apabila kelajuan bot ialah 14 knot. Sudut
tunduk itu bertambah sebanyak 10o apabila kelajuan bot ditambah ke 18 knot.

Hitung perbezaan ketinggian, dalam m, pelancong itu antara dua situasi itu.

A 3.27
B 3.47
C 3.53
D 3.99

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 71

Soalan 5 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis, Menilai
Konteks : Poligon Sekata

Ahmad wants to fix tiles on the floor of his new house. He wants to choose from five different
shapes of tiles which are regular polygons, as shown in Diagram 4 below.

Ahmad ingin memasang jubin pada lantai rumah barunya. Dia hendak memilih daripada lima
bentuk jubin berbeza yang merupakan polygon sekata, seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4
di bawah.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

The tiles chosen must fit perfectly with each other.
Given that the length of the sides of all the polygons are equal, which of the following types of tiles
can be used?
Jubin yang dipilih mesti muat dengan rapat dan sempurna.
Diberi bahawa panjang sisi semua poligon adalah sama, manakah jenis jubin yang boleh
digunakan?
A. I & IV
B. I & V
C. II & III
D. III & IV

72

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 6 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis
Konteks : Persamaan Kuadratik

Mansur plans to build a rectangular garden with the area of 75 m2. The length of the garden is more
than its width by 2.5 m. He also plans to build a pathway which consists of 5 equal circular step
stones that touches each other in the middle of the garden as shown in Diagram 5.

Mansur bercadang untuk membina sebuah taman yang berbentuk segi empat tepat dengan luas
75 m2. Panjang taman itu melebihi lebarnya sebanyak 2.5 m. Dia juga bercadang membina ruang
pejalan kaki yang terdiri daripada 5 buah batu pemijak berbentuk bulatan bersaiz sama yang
bersentuhan antara satu sama lain di tengah taman seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

Calculate the diameter, in m, of one step stone.

Hitung diameter, dalam m, bagi satu batu pemijak itu.

[5 marks]
[5 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 73

Soalan 7 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi
Konteks : Kebarangkalian

Myra Ice Cream kiosk has a promotion every weekend. Customers can choose one ice cream
flavour and one topping. Table 2 shows choices of flavours offered.

Kiosk Aiskrim Myra telah mengadakan promosi pada setiap hujung minggu. Pelanggan boleh
memilih satu perisa aiskrim dan satu toping. Jadual 2 menunjukkan pilihan perisa yang ditawarkan.

Ice Cream Flavour Topping
Perisa Aiskrim Toping

Vanilla Strawberry
Vanila Strawberi

Yam Blueberry
Keladi Bluberri

Orange Peanut
Oren Kacang Tanah

Table 2
Jadual 2

(a) Draw a tree diagram for all possible outcomes of the ice cream selected.

Lukis gambar rajah pokok bagi semua kesudahan yang mungkin untuk ais krim yang dipilih.

(b) By listing all the possible outcomes, find the probability that a customer buy an ice cream
with orange flavour.

Dengan menyenaraikan semua kesudahan yang mungkin, cari kebarangkalian bahawa
seorang pelanggan membeli aiskrim berperisa oren.

(c) Pn Arisa wants to buy an ice cream for her son, Karim. Unfortunately Karim is alergic to
peanut.

List all the possible outcomes and state the probability of Pn Arisa buying an ice cream that
will not cause allergy to Karim.

Pn Arisa ingin membeli aiskrim untuk anaknya, Karim. Malangnya Karim mempunyai alahan
terhadap kacang tanah.

Senaraikan semua kesudahan yang mungkin dan nyatakan kebarangkalian Pn Arisa membeli
aiskrim yang tidak akan menyebabkan alahan kepada Karim.

(d) If the kiosk is visited by 45 customers, predict the number of customers that will buy vanilla
flavour ice cream.

Sekiranya kiosk tersebut telah dikunjungi oleh 45 orang pelanggan, ramalkan bilangan
pelanggan yang akan membeli aiskrim berperisa vanila.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

74

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 8 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis
Konteks : Pepejal Geometri

Devi bought 3 litres of cooking oil from a supermarket. Devi wants to transfer the cooking oil into
two containers which are a cylinder and a cuboid as shown in Diagram 6.

Devi telah membeli 3 liter minyak masak dari sebuah pasaraya. Devi ingin memindahkan minyak
masak yang dibeli itu ke dalam dua bekas yang berbentuk silinder dan kuboid seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.

15 cm
14 cm

15 cm

6 cm

10 cm

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

Determine the maximum height of the cooking oil in the second container after the first container
has been filled up.

Tentukan tinggi maksimum minyak masak dalam bekas kedua setelah bekas pertama dipenuhi.
[4 marks]

[4 markah]

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 75

Soalan 9 : Mathematics
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menganalisis
Konteks : Matriks

Humairah and her family plan to go for a holiday to Hong Kong Disneyland Theme Park for three
days. The theme park provides a lot of attraction for visitors. The price of the entrance ticket for
1-Day Ticket and 2-Day Ticket is shown in Table 3.1.

Humairah dan keluarga bercadang untuk bercuti ke Taman Tema Disneyland Hong Kong selama
tiga hari. Taman tema tersebut menyediakan pelbagai daya tarikan untuk pengunjungnya. Harga
tiket masuk untuk Tiket 1-Hari dan Tiket 2-Hari ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3.1.

Age (Umur) Child (Aged 3 – 11) Adult (Aged 12 – 64)
Kanak-Kanak (Umur 3 – 11) Dewasa (Umur 12 – 64)
Ticket (Tiket)
HK$320 HK$450
1-Day Ticket
Tiket 1-Hari HK$415 HK$585

2-Day Ticket
Tiket 2-Hari

(source: adaptation from http:www.park.hongkongdisneyland.com)
(sumber: adaptasi daripada http: www.park.hongkongdisneyland.com)

Table 3.1
Jadual 3.1

Table 3.2 shows the conversion rate of RM1 to other foreign currencies.
Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan kadar pertukaran RM1 kepada beberapa mata wang asing.

US Dollar 0.32
British Pound Sterling 0.20
2.50
Hong Kong Dollar 0.23
Euro

Table 3.2
Jadual 3.2

Humairah’s father provides RM1156 for 1-Day Ticket and RM1502 for 2-Day Ticket. By using the
matrix method, find the number of children and adults in Humairah’s family.

Ayah Humairah menyediakan RM1156 untuk Tiket 1-Hari dan RM1502 untuk Tiket 2-Hari.
Dengan menggunakan kaedah matriks, cari bilangan kanak-kanak dan dewasa dalam keluarga
Humairah.

[8 marks]
[8 markah]

76

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

No. Butiran Markah
1
6 Convert sentence to mathematical sentence 1
Tukar pernyataan biasa kepada ayat matematik 1
1
x(x + 2.5) = 75 or / atau x(x – 2.5) = 75
Solve quadratic equations 1
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik
5
x2 + 2.5x – 75 = 0 or / atau x2 – 2.5x – 75 = 0
(x + 10)(x – 7.5) = 0 or / atau (x – 10)(x + 7.5) = 0
Width / Lebar = 7.5 m, Length / Panjang = 10 m


Identify the correct diameter of the step stones
Kenal pasti diameter yang betul bagi batu pemijak

Diameter = 7.5 ÷ 5

1.5

or / atau

10 ÷ 5

2 (1)

Jumlah Markah

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 77

7(a)
2

Note / Nota : 1
Allow two mistakes for 1 mark
Benarkan dua kesilapan untuk 1 markah 1
1
(b) {(Orange, Strawberry), (Orange, Blueberry), (Orange, Peanut)} 1

or 1
1
{(O, S), (O, B), (O, P)} 8

3–
9
(c) {(V, S), (V, B), (Y, S), (Y, B), (O, S), (O, B)}

9–6

Note / Nota :
Accept answer without working

(d) –3 x 45 = 15
9

Note / Nota :
Accept answer without working

Jumlah Markah

78

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

8 Case 1 (The first container is a cylinder) 1
Kes 1 (Bekas pertama ialah sebuah silinder) 1
1
Calculate the volume of the cylinder 1
Hitung isi padu silinder
4
Volume of cylinder = –2–2 x 7 x 7 x 15
7

Calculate the balance of the cooking oil if the first container filled
is a cylinder
Hitung baki minyak masak sekiranya bekas pertama yang diisi
adalah silinder

( )3000 – 2–72– x 7 x 7 x 15 or 690 or equivalent

Calculate the maximum height of the cooking oil in the second
container
Hitung tinggi maksimum minyak masak dalam bekas kedua

10 x 6 x h = 690 or equivalent

11.5

Case 2 (The first container is a cuboid)
Kes 2 (Bekas pertama ialah sebuah kuboid)

Calculate the volume of the cuboid (1)
Hitung isi padu kuboid

Volume of cuboid = 10 x 6 x 15 or 900

Calculate the balance of the cooking oil if the first container filled
is a cuboid

3000 – (10 x 6 x 15) or 2100 or equivalent (1)

Calculate the maximum height of the cooking oil in the second
container
Hitung tinggi maksimum minyak masak dalam bekas kedua

–2–2 x 7 x 7 x h = 2100 or equivalent (1)
7 (1)
13.64

Jumlah Markah

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 79

9 Convert the amount provided by Humairah’s father from Malaysian
Ringgit to Hong Kong Dollar
Tukar jumlah peruntukan oleh ayah Humairah daripada Ringgit
Malaysia kepada Hong Kong Dollar

1-Day Ticket = 1156 × 2.50 or HK 2890 or 1
2-Day Ticket = 1502 × 2.50 or HK 3755 or equivalent 2

By using matrix method : 2
Dengan menggunakan kaedah matriks :
1
( )( ) ( )320 450 x = 2890 or equivalent
415 585 y 3755 1
1
Note : 8

320x + 450y = 2890 or / atau 415x + 585y = 3755 or equivalent,
award 1 mark

( )–3–20––(5–8–5–)––1––4–5–0–(4–1–5–)–
585 – 450
– 415 320

Note :

( )–––––––––1–––––––– or

320(585) – 450(415)
585 – 450 seen award 1 mark
– 415 320

x = ––––––––1––––––––– 585 – 450 2890

( ) ( )( )y 320(585) – 450(415) – 415 320 3755

( )=2
5

Therefore, the numbers of
Oleh itu, bilangan

Children / Kanak-kanak = 2
Adult / Dewasa = 5

Jumlah Markah

80

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

ADDITIONAL
SCIENCE

Soalan 1 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi
Konteks : Tenaga

A dolphin with the mass of 50.0 kg jumps out of the surface of water as shown in Diagram 1. At
position R, its potential energy is 1000 J.

Seekor ikan lumba-lumba yang berjisim 50.0 kg melompat keluar dari permukaan air seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1. Pada kedudukan R, tenaga keupayaannya ialah 1000 J

R
SQ

TP

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

What is the velocity of the dolphin when it falls back to the surface of the water at position T?
Apakah halaju ikan lumba-lumba itu apabila ia jatuh kembali ke permukaan air pada kedudukan T?
[KE = ½ mv2 ]
A 3.2 m s-1
B 6.3 m s-1
C 20.0 m s-1
D 40.0 m s-1

82

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 2 : Additional Science

Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi

Konteks : Jadual Berkala

Diagram 2 shows an advertisement using coloured bulbs.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan lampu iklan yang menggunakan lampu berwarna.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

The bulbs give out colourful lights when one of the following elements is filled into the bulb.

Lampu itu mengeluarkan cahaya berwarna-warni apabila satu daripada unsur-unsur berikut diisikan
ke dalam lampu itu.

Elements Proton number
Unsur Nombor proton

AP 3

BQ 6

CR 9

DS 10

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 83

Soalan 3 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Biodiversiti

An example of a food web in a tropical rainforest is shown in Diagram 3.
Satu contoh jaringan makanan dalam hutan hujan tropika ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.

Insect
Serangga

Mango tree Snake
Pokok mangga Ular

Small bird Eagle
Burung kecil Burung helang

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

When the small birds are killed, choose the effects which may happen to the food web.

Sekiranya burung-burung kecil dibunuh, pilih kesan yang mungkin berlaku ke atas jaringan
makanan itu.

I The production of the mango fruit sustainable
Hasil buah mangga tidak terjejas
II The number of insects increases
Bilangan serangga meningkat
III The number of snakes decreases
Bilangan ular berkurang
IV The number of eagles increases

Bilangan helang meningkat

A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D III and IV

84

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 4 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Gelombang Bunyi dan Gelombang Elektromagnet

Two sources of sound P and Q which produce sound waves are shown in Diagram 4.
Dua sumber bunyi P dan Q yang menghasilkan gelombang bunyi ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.

Source of P Source of Q
Sumber P Sumber Q

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

Choose the wave form produced by source P and Q.

Pilih bentuk gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh sumber P dan sumber Q.

Wave form P Wave form Q
Bentuk gelombang P Bentuk gelombang Q

A

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 85

B
C
D

86

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 5 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Tindak Balas Kimia


Diagram 5 shows the zinc roof that undergoes a chemical reaction.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan bumbung zink yang mengalami satu tindak balas kimia.

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

An experiment was carried out in the laboratory which is similar to the chemical reaction above.
After a week, which experiment shows the same chemical reactions as in Diagram 5?

Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan di dalam makmal yang menyamai tindakbalas kimia di atas.
Selepas satu minggu, eksperimen manakah yang menunjukkan tindak balas kimia yang sama
seperti dalam Rajah 5?

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 87

88

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 6 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Sifat Gelombang

The problems faced by residents in coastal areas during the monsoon season and a high tide
phenomenon are shown in Diagram 6.

Masalah yang dihadapi oleh penduduk di kawasan tepi pantai apabila musim tengkujuh dan
fenomena air pasang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

What is the best solution to overcome the problem?
Apakah penyelesaian yang terbaik bagi mengatasi masalah tersebut?

AB


CD



BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 89

Soalan 7 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Sistem Peredaran

Table 1 shows the composition of blood for the population of four cities, W, X, Y and Z which are
located at various terrain altitude. The higher the altitude, the less the oxygen in the air.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan komposisi darah bagi populasi di empat buah bandar W, X, Y dan Z yang
berada di lokasi pelbagai altitud muka bumi. Semakin tinggi altitud, semakin berkurang kandungan
oksigen dalam udara.

Population Composition of Blood
Populasi Komposisi Darah

Bandar W Red blood cells White blood cells Platelet
City W Sel darah merah Sel darah putih Platlet
(mm3)
Bandar X (mm3) (mm3) 250 000
City X
7 500 000 5 000 255 000
Bandar Y
City Y 5 000 000 6 000 200 000

Bandar Z 2 000 000 5 000 250 000
City Z
5 200 000 6 000

Table 1
Jadual 1

Which city is situated at the highest altitude?

Bandar manakah berada di altitud paling tinggi?

A W
B X
C Y
D Z

90

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Soalan 8 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Menganalisis
Konteks : Elektrik

Diagram 7 shows a torchlight that uses three dry cells with the same electromotive force. A student
wants to replace the bulb of the torchlight to produce the brightest light without the bulb being
blown up.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebuah lampu suluh yang menggunakan tiga sel kering yang mempunyai
daya gerak elektrik yang sama. Seorang pelajar mahu menggantikan mentol lampu suluh itu supaya
dapat menghasilkan nyalaan paling cerah tanpa mentol itu terbakar.


1.5V 1.5V 1.5V

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

The student should use

Pelajar itu perlu menggunakan

A a 1.5 V bulb, 3 dry cells connected in series
mentol 1.5 V, 3 sel kering disambung secara sesiri

B a 3.0 V bulb, 3 dry cells connected in parallel
mentol 3.0 V, 3 sel kering disambung secara selari

C a 4.0 V bulb, 3 dry cells connected in parallel
mentol 4.0 V, 3 sel kering disambung secara selari

D a 4.5 V bulb, 3 dry cells connected in series
mentol 4.5 V, 3 sel kering disambung secara sesiri

BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK 91

Soalan 9 : Additional Science
Kemahiran Kognitif : Mengaplikasi, Menilai
Konteks : Tindak Balas Kimia

Diagram 8 shows an acid-lead accumulator which is used in cars.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu akumulator asid-plumbum yang digunakan dalam kereta.

Terminal Q

Terminal P

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

(a) How are the negative and positive terminals of the accumulator are determined?
Bagaimanakah terminal negatif dan positif akumulator itu ditentukan?
...................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) What will happen when the acid in the accumulator dries up?
Apakah yang akan berlaku jika asid dalam akumulator itu kering?
...................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

92

ITEM CONTOH PENTAKSIRAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI SEKOLAH MENENGAH