Spark english-6 press-2078 final

B. Grammar Time

Will and would
Read the following sentences and see how will and would are used.
 Will you please stop making that noise?
 Would you pass me that pen, please?
 Please, will you close the window?
We use ‘will’ and ‘would’ when we are asking someone to do something.
Read the following sentences again and see more uses of will and would.
 Will I hold this end of the rope?
 Will I carry the sack for you?
 Would you like another drink?
 Which car would you like?
We can also use ‘will’ and ‘would’ to offer something or to suggest something.
Note: The contraction of ‘will not’ is ‘won’t’ and the contraction of ‘would not’
is ‘wouldn’t’:
 Won’t you stay and eat with them?
 Wouldn’t it be better to hang around?
Can and could
Read the following sentences and see how can and could are used.
 Can you help me with my homework?
 Can you ride a bike?
 I ran as fast as I could.
 Our teacher said we could go home early.
 Phurba can run faster than Mahesh.

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 Sunita could not come to the party because she was ill.
 She can draw really good pictures.
 She could already read before she started school.

We use ‘can’ and ‘could’ to say that someone is able to do something.

Again read these sentences and observe the use of can and could.
 My mom says you can come to our house for dinner.
 Dad says I can’t walk to school on my own.
 You can’t go in there without a ticket.
 My father said I could have ice cream after my dinner.
 The big sign on the gate said we couldn’t go in.

We may also use ‘can’ and ‘could’ to say that someone is allowed to do
something.

Let's read these sentences and observe the use of can and could.
 Can you tell me if this bus goes to Dhadingbeshi?
 Could you show me where the accident happened?
 Could you open that window, please?
 You can borrow my pen, if you like.
 Your sister could come with us, if she wanted to.
 I could lend you my football.
 We can go to the library instead.
 You could ask your dad to help us.
 John can borrow his brother’s car.

‘Can’ and ‘could’ are also used for asking for information or help, for
offering something, and for suggesting something.

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Note: ‘Could’ is the simple past tense form of ‘can’.
When we put ‘not’ after ‘can’, we write it as one word: ‘cannot’.
 They cannot find their way home.
 They can’t find their way home.
 I’m full. I can’t eat any more.
 Sarah couldn’t come to the party because she was ill.
The contraction of ‘cannot’ is ‘can’t’, and the contraction of ‘could not’ is
‘couldn’t’.
A. Fill in the gaps with ‘will’ or ‘would’.
a. What _____ you do at the weekend?
b. ------- you help me if I asked you?
c. I ------- go there, if you invited me.
d. We ------- see a play at the theatre.
e. Where------- you go this year?
f. I ------- have tea please.
g. ------- it be alright if I used your camera?
h. She ------- clean her room frequently.
B. Fill in the gaps with ‘can’ or ‘could’.
a. I ------ type this letter.
b. She ------ sing and dance then.
c. We-------- leave for home now.
d. You ------ ask me if you need any help.
e. Birds----- fly in the sky.

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f. ------ you please help me?
g. A tiger ------ eat a doe.
h. Junk food ------ spoil our health.
i. He ------ sing songs then.
j. A cow ------ not climb up tree.

Listening

A. Connect Yourself
Watching cartoons on television is fun. Many school children enjoy watching
their favourite cartoons on TV. Most of them stop doing homework and parents
have to scold them for making them do homework. What is the solution of this
problem? Think of good and bad impacts TV can have on children.

Good impacts of TV Bad impacts of TV
……………………….. ………………………..
……………………….. ………………………..
……………………….. ………………………..

B. Listen and Answer

A. Listen to the conversation and fill in the gaps with correct information.
a. Bikash wants to watch the……….. show on TV.
b. Mother asked him to ………his homework first.
c. Bikash requested to have ……..late today.
d. Bikash wants to watch the …….and …….cartoon show.
e. Mother permits Bikash to watch the cartoon after he has Scan Here For Audio
finished his…….

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B. Listen to the conversation again, and list out any two exponents for
making requests.

a. ----------------------------------

b. ----------------------------------

Speaking

A. Connect Yourself

Look at the examples and repeat the dialogue in pairs.
A: Excuse me; could you please lend me your notebook?
B: Of course! Here you are.
A: Excuse me, sir. Is it ok if I submit my task tomorrow?
B: I’d rather you didn’t. You should do it today.

B. Speak a Moment

Divide the students in pairs. Ask one of the students to make requests and the
other to respond to the requests. Take help of ‘connect yourself’ section for
reverse practice in pair.

A wants B to B responds

Switch on the fan Positively

Allow him/her to use his/her pen Negatively

Give permission to close the door Positively

Lend him/her umbrella Negatively

Get permission to tell a joke Positively

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Writing

A. Connect Yourself

Read the following dialogue and see how the underlined parts have been filled.

William : Waiter... Waiter! Please, come here.

Waiter : Yes! Can I help you, sir ?

William : Er.., we haven’t got a menu.

Waiter : Oh, I’m sorry I’ll bring you one now.

William : Thank you.

Waiter : Here’s the menu, sir.

William : Would you serve us two halves chaumine, two omelets, a cup of tea,
and a coke.

Waiter : Okay, sir! (After a while) Here’re the dishes, please

William : Thank you, waiter.

Jenny : Let’s start having meal.

A dialogue is a formal discussion between you and your friend on a topic to make
a conclusion to a discussed problem. Every day we take part in conversation but
we have no practice of recording it in a written form. Try writing simple dialogues
between you and your friend on a simple topic and show it to your teacher.

B. Write a While

a. Complete the following dialogue with appropriate sentences given below.
Waiter : ………………….. What would you like?
Dilip : ………………………………
Waiter : Here you’re, sir.
Dilip : ………………..and a glass of lassi. What would you take Radha?
Radha : ……………….and fanta.

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Waiter : Would you like ……………, madam.
Radha : Oh, I like veg noodles.
Waiter : Thank you madam.

a. I’ll take noodles.

b. to mix anything in noodles?

c. Good afternoon, sir.

d. I want chicken Momo.

e. Can I see the menu?

b. Complete the following dialogue with appropriate sentences given below.

Krishna : Hello, Radha. How are you?

Radha : Well,……………………….

Krishna : What did he tell you?

Radha : He said that ………….but I mustn’t take any medicine.

Krishna : ………………that you were ill?

Radha : I was teaching my cousin to ride a bicycle, and I couldn’t run as fast

I had to.

Krishna : Well,……………………….?

Radha : I haven’t planned anything…………………..?

Krishna : Not this time. There are some good films in this week and I want

you to go with me.

a. Are you going to invite me for dinner?

b. I have a weak stomach.

c. What are you doing tomorrow evening?

d. How did you notice

e. I was to the doctor’s yesterday

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c. Complete the following dialogue with appropriate sentences given below.
Michael : Let’s have a house warming party in our new flat.
Carol : That’s wonderful idea. Yes, let’s have a party.
Michael : There is a lot of room ……………..
Carol : ……………………………………...
Michael : Well, we have a lot of cushions to sit on the floor.
Carol : …………… Have we many glasses?
Michael : ………..many glasses.
Carol : ..................................
Michael : Yes, let's do this.
a. We’ll sit on the floor.
b. but, there isn’t much furniture.
c. What about glasses?
d. Perhaps we can borrow some glasses from our neighbours.
e. No, we haven’t
d. Complete the following dialogue with appropriate sentences given below.
Teacher : Congratulations! ……….in the first division.
Student : Thank you, sir. ..................................................
Teacher : No this is the fruit of your hard work.
Student : Yes, sir. It’s partly true. It’s ………..

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Teacher : O.K, thank you. Which stream do you like to join now?
Student : …………… I have to consult my parents.
Teacher : That’s a good idea.
Students : Can you suggest to me about it, sir?
Teacher : I think………….
a. mostly the result of your proper guidance.
b. You have passed the exam.
c. it depends on your inclination.
d. This is the result of your blessings.
e. I haven’t decided it yet.
e. Write an application to the class teacher of your school requesting
him/her to grant you two day’s leave as you are unable to attend school
because of viral fever.
f. Write an application letter to your school principal asking for a sick leave
for a week stating reasons behind your leave application.

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UNIT

4 Expressing Good

Wishes

Reading
A. Connect Yourself
Look at the picture below, and answer the following questions.

a. What does this picture show?
b. What festivals do you celebrate in your community?
c. Do you celebrate Lhosar festival or not?

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B. Read andAnswer
Read the following text, and do the activities that follow.

Sonam Lhosar Festival

Lhosar festival in Nepal is the biggest festival that is widely celebrated throughout
the country. The word ‘lho’ means new and ‘sar’ means ‘year’. Lhosar is an
important festival for every Buddhist but it is more important to Buddhist monks.
Monks clean their stupas to put special decorations on it. Lhosar means ‘New Year’
and it usually falls in January, February, and December. Major Buddhist stupas
including Swayambhunath and Boudhanath are decorated with prayer flags during
the Lhosar festival.

People perform their traditional dance during this festival and exchange greetings
of the New Year with celebrations and family gatherings. In Khumbu, Helambu,
and Boudhanath in Kathmandu, the folklore and dances are performed. Gurungs
celebrate Lhosar on 15th of Poush; Tamang celebrates on 15th of Magh whereas
Sherpa celebrates on 15th of Falgun.

The Buddhist Society of Nepal mainly observes the Sonam Lhosar Festival.
Namobuddha, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath and other monasteries are adorned by
prayer flags. The Lhosar festival in Nepal is the major festival celebrated by diverse
ethnic groups. All Tamang community of Nepal celebrates Sonam Lhosar. The
natives of Nepal are the Tamangs. They are very familiar with their own culture and

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language in contrast to other ethnic groups. Tamang means horse traders. On the
first full moon in the month, Sonam Lhosar occurs in the Nepali calendar and in the
English calendar at the beginning of January to the mid-Feb every year but the date
may differ. On this day, people clean and decorate their house, and visit monasteries
to pray and to hang flags.

Tamang people perform selo
dances and ceremonies in
Buddhist monasteries and stupas
to win over the negative forces
and provide parents, families,
and the country with positive
support. Tamang music and dance
performances are very famous.
The famous “damfu” is Tamang
traditional drum. Tamang song is
known as 'Tamang Selo' which is
very famous in all over Nepal. Tamang people receive blessings from monks and
elders for the better life.

They also prepare various dishes, homemade alcohol (local alcohol). In Kathmandu,
people gather in Tudikhel and they perform the dance and sing songs, and play
damfu. The Tamang ladies wear Choli Makhamali, Patuka, Ghalek, Lungi, Tiki,
Dhugri, earrings, Pote, Jantar, Sir Bandi. Tamang men wear Tamang cap, Woolen
Jacket, Shirt Silik Bhutani, and Bakhhu. Tamang has a year-counter tradition with
a mixture of twelve animal signs which starts with rat and ends with boar/pig.

Nowadays due to western influence, we are losing our traditional values and rituals.
But there are many youngsters from the community who are putting their efforts to
preserve the culture. If you are in Nepal, you must observe Sonam Lhosar to know
more closely about the culture of the local indigenous Tamang people.

The festivals in Nepal are a fascinating part of the living heritage. Some influenced
by the Tibetan practice and some derived from the Hindu religion, festivals have a
huge space in Nepal. The diverse cultural groups follow their practices. For which,
Nepal is often reminiscent of a country who has unity in diversity. The processions
are linked with the living and lifestyle of people as the celebration embarks the
gathering and feasts. The fun in a community and joyous moments along with the
cultural ceremony are truly an incredible part of cultural heritage in Nepal.

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Word Galaxy

celebrations : special events people organize to celebrate something

ceremonies : public or religious occasions

dishes : foods prepared in a particular way as part of a meal

folklore : the traditions and stories of a country or community

gatherings : meetings of people for a particular purpose

monasteries : buildings in which monks live

monks : members of religious group of men who do not get married and
live in a monastery

rituals : a series of actions performed in the same way as part of religious
ceremony

youngsters : young persons or children

A. Read the text above, and match the following words with their meanings.
a. throughout i. variety
b. reminiscent ii. all the way through
c. diversity iii. hard to believe
d. fascinating iv. suggestive
e. incredible v. mesmerizing

B. Read the text again, and decide whether the following statements are true
or false.
a. Lhosar is an important festival for Buddhist monks.
b. The single diverse cultural group follows their practices in Nepal.
c. Lhosar usually falls in January, February, and December.
d. The festivals in Nepal are a fascinating part of the living heritage.
e. People clean and decorate their house, and visit monasteries to pray and
to hang flags during this festival.

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C. Read the text again, and answer the following questions.
a. What does Lhosar mean?
b. When does Lhosar fall?
c. Name the Tamang song.
d. What do the Tamang ladies wear?
e. Who are the natives of Nepal?
f. What is the Tamang traditional drum?
g. Why are we are losing our traditional values and rituals nowadays?

Grammar

Imeperative

A. Connect Yourself

Read the following sentences.
a. I have bought a car. (Statement)
b. Do you have any problem? (Question)
c. Work hard! (Imperative)
d. What a beautiful lady! (Exclamation)
A sentence is a set of words expressing a statement, a question or an order,
usually containing a subject and a verb. Sentences are of four types in English
namely statements, questions, imperatives and exclamations.
B. Grammar Time

Read the following sentences.
Take this route to save 5 miles.
Clean up your room!
Sit down and listen!

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Fasten your seatbelts when the sign is illuminated.

Obey your teacher.

Help the poor.

Post this letter.

Don’t kill animals.

Never play with fire.

Imperative sentences give orders, commands, requests, prohibitions or advices
or directions, and so end with a period or an exclamation mark. Imperative
sentences often omit the subject, as in a command. These sentences start
directly with the first form of verb or ‘Don’t’, followed by the first form of
verb.

Transforming Imperative sentences into Assertive

Imperative Assertive

Do not make a noise. You should not make a noise.

Avoid bad company. You should avoid bad company.

Do not play with fire. You are advised not to play with fire.

Get out of the room. You are ordered to get out of the room.

Take exercise daily. You should take exercise daily.

Attack the enemy. You are ordered to attack the enemy.

Respect your elders. You are advised to respect your elders.

May the sun never set. I hope the sun never sets.

Open the door. The door should be opened.

Keep quiet. You are ordered to keep quiet.

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A. Change the following sentences into the imperative form.

Example:
You look at the map.
Look at the map.
a. You drink milk every morning.
b. You spell your first name.
c. You come here tomorrow morning.
d. You call me up after 9 o´clock.
e. You have another cup of coffee.
f. You eat more slowly.
g. You fill up the tank.
h. You study hard every day.
i. You write your answer on the whiteboard.
j. You listen to the story carefully.

B. Change the following imperative sentences into the negative form.
Example:
Speak so slowly.
Don´t speak so slowly.
a. Eat my bread and butter.
b. Work hard.
c. Work slowly.
d. Listen to him.
e. Come again this afternoon.
f. Drive fast.
g. Drink black coffee.
h. Take a taxi.
i. Say that again.
j. Give Mary my new address.

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Listening
A. Connect Yourself
Look at the pictures, and answer the following questions.

Winner of Story
competition

a. What do you see in the pictures?
b. Have you ever participated in interschool competitions?
c. How do you feel when you win a competition?

B. Listen and Answer

A. Listen to the conversation, and choose the best answer.

a. How many participants participated in story writing competition?

i. thirty five ii. thirty six iii. thirty four

b. Chanda got the ………prize in the story writing competition.

i. first ii. second iii. third

c. Many of students were from……..graders.

i. fifth ii. fourth iii. sixth

d. Chanda is a ……..student.

i. brilliant ii. lazy iii. useless

e. Ranjeet has won the ……..for further studies. Scan Here For Audio

i. lottery ii. cash prize iii. scholarship

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B. Write any three exponents used for expressing good wishes that you
listened to in the audio.
a. …………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………...
c. ………………………………………………………………….

Speaking

A. Connect Yourself

Look at the picture, and decide which of the following expressions are suitable
in the given situation.

a. Have a safe journey!
b. Have a nice journey!
c. Congratulations!
d. Have a good time out there!
e. Have a nice time ahead!
f. Congratulations on your success!
g. Happy journey!

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B. Speak a Moment

Work in pairs. Take it in turn and ask questions using the clues in the box.
Example:
Going – swimming-good luck
A: We’re going swimming tomorrow.
B: Good luck!
a. going - Bhote Koshi- bungee jumping/have a good time
b. going –Pokhara- paragliding –all the best
c. taking part-poetry competition-best of luck
d. father bought-computer-congratulations
e. saved friend-wounded-well done
f. taking part-dance competition-good luck

Writing

A. Connect Yourself

A. Answer these questions briefly.

a. Have you ever written a paragraph on any topic?

b. How do you start your writing?

c. Do you have any difficulty in paragraph writing?

B. Here are some guidelines to help you write paragraphs.

A Paragraph is a group of connected sentences that is generally made up of one
main idea and a group of supporting sentences. Paragraphs are the basic units
for building longer pieces of writing, like essays, reports, assignments, etc. A
paragraph contains three main parts:

a. A topic sentence - It contains the main idea of the paragraph. It’s often but not
always the first sentence of the paragraph.

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b. Supporting sentences - These sentences develop or give details about the topic
sentence. They can: expand on the main point, offer explanations, give examples
and give additional details.

c. A concluding sentence- It summarizes the paragraph or may provide a link
to the next paragraph. This sentence is not always necessary in a paragraph.

Read the following paragraphs.

Travelling by Bicycle

Travelling by bicycle is a very good way to see the countryside. First of all it’s
cheap, and secondly it’s clean. Also, you don’t have to worry about parking your
car or waiting a long time for a bus. It’s healthy too! However, in the city there are
lots of disadvantages. There’s a lot of traffic, which is dangerous and dirty, and also
there aren’t enough special places on the road for bicycles to use. If you cycle to
work in the rain, you will be very wet when you arrive. This might be a problem
if you have to look smart at work. Despite the disadvantages, thousands of people
travel by bicycle every day. Try it for a week, you might like it!

My Room

I like my room very much because of its interior setting. The walls are painted in
pink and the room is carpeted in the same colour. It has two big windows and a thick
wooden door. Air and sunlight get into my room through the windows. The curtains
of the windows are also pink, which is my best colour. There are three beautiful
paintings on the wall that reflect the various groups of people in Nepal. There is
a double bed in the east corner of the room. And a book-shelf is kept opposite the
bed. There is a round tea table between the bed and the book-shelf. There are two
chairs around the tea table. Everyone who visits my room likes it very much.

B. Write a While

a. Read the following paragraphs and find topic sentence in each of the
paragraphs.

My School

I like my school for many reasons. The teachers are very helpful and affectionate.
We talk about different issues in our classroom. They ask us interesting questions
and we use our experiences to answer them. We work in groups and pairs. They

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encourage us to do things on our own. We are always active in class. We take part in
different extra and co-curricular activities. We do many project works. I am always
busy doing so many things and learning various things daily. Peaceful environment
and other facilities thus make our school a perfect place for learning and getting
education.

Punctuality

Punctuality is an asset in our life. Doing everything on time with excellence is
punctuality. Everything in life must be done in time. It has great value in the life of
students. A punctual student is liked by all. It is also one of the causes of success.
We should go and return back from school on time. Completing assignments,
submitting them and correcting the feedback of teachers on time make us more
sensitive about our studies. Late for examination, class, meeting, interview might
deprive us of different opportunities in life. Thus, punctuality is the foundation of
success for all.

Value of Library

Library contributes in our learning in many ways. First, it is the reliable source of
knowledge. It has collection of many books, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias,
journals, periodicals, and other study materials. It improves our reading habit
and makes up a gentleman. Library provides students with the easy access of
knowledge on their problematic areas. Schools having well managed libraries
are able to maintain discipline among students as library teaches them discipline.
Continuous reading habit is developed if one regularly goes to library so that he can
set his objectives and targets in learning, thus developing oneself into a productive
individual.

Discipline

Discipline is the key to our successful life. Doing everything on time according
to the instructions and accepted norms is discipline. It has great value in our life.
A disciplined student is the future of the family, society, and the country itself. A
disciplined soldier is always victorious. A disciplined businessman always makes
profit. A disciplined society is an ideal place for our decent living. Disciplined
citizens can help the country to flourish. Discipline is thus expected in almost all
people of the country. Lack of discipline invites quarrel, unpunctuality, selfishness
and anarchy. Thus, discipline is the tool for success.

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b. Write paragraphs on the following topics including topic sentences and
supporting details.
a. Our Environment
b. Learning Cycling
c. Friendship

Before you finish
Rewrite the following sentences with correct punctuation.
a. Are you fine today
b. i have made a toy car
c. hurrah i have won the match
d. ouch my legs are hurting
e. may i have your pencil
f. the taj mahal is in agra
g. i bough a copy callculator bag and geometry box yesterday
h. Kathmandu pokhara bratnagar and dharan are all cities
i. He said to me get out
j. She said to me they are not coming today

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UNIT

5 Making Suggestions

Reading
A. Connect Yourself
Look at the picture, and answer the following questions.

a. Are you afraid of animals like the wolf?
b. Which animals do you find scary and why?
c. What will you do if you encounter with a scary animal?

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B. Read andAnswer

Read the following story about the Little Red Riding Hood and do the activities
that follow.

Little Red Riding Hood

Once upon a time there was a dear little
girl who was loved by everyone who
looked at her, but most of all by her
grandmother, and there was nothing
that she would not have given to the
child. Once she gave her a little cap
of red velvet, which suited her so well
that she would never wear anything
else. So she was always called Little
Red Riding Hood.

One day her mother said to her,
“Come, Little Red Riding Hood, here
is a piece of cake and a bottle of wine.
Take them to your grandmother, she
is ill and weak, and they will do her
good. Set out before it gets hot, and
when you are going, walk nicely and quietly and do not run off the path, or you
may fall and break the bottle, and then your grandmother will get nothing. And
when you go into her room, don’t forget to say, good-morning, and don’t peep into
every corner before you do it.”

I will take great care, said Little Red Riding Hood to her mother, and gave her hand
on it.

The grandmother lived out in the wood, half a league from the village, and just as
Little Red Riding Hood entered the wood, a wolf met her. Little Red Riding Hood
did not know what a wicked creature he was, and was not at all afraid of him.

“Good-day, Little Red Riding Hood,” said he.

“Thank you kindly, wolf.”

“Whither away so early, Little Red Riding Hood?”

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“To my grandmother’s.”

“What have you got in your apron?” “Cake and wine. Yesterday was baking-day, so
poor sick grandmother is to have something good, to make her stronger.”

“Where does your grandmother live, Little Red Riding Hood?”

“A good quarter of a league farther on in the wood. Her house stands under the
three large oak-trees, the nut-trees are just below. You surely must know it,” replied
Little Red Riding Hood.

The wolf thought to himself, “What a tender young creature. What a nice plump
mouthful, she will be better to eat than the old woman. I must act craftily, so as to
catch both.” So he walked for a short time by the side of Little Red Riding Hood,
and then he said, “See Little Red Riding Hood, how pretty the flowers are about
here. Why do not you look round? I believe, too, that you do not hear how sweetly
the little birds are singing. You walk gravely along as if you were going to school,
while everything else out here in the wood is merry.”

Little Red Riding Hood raised her eyes, and when she saw the sunbeams dancing
here and there through the trees, and pretty flowers growing everywhere, she
thought, suppose I take grandmother a fresh nosegay. That would please her too.
It is so early in the day that I shall still get there in good time. And so she ran from
the path into the wood to look for flowers. And whenever she had picked one, she
fancied that she saw a still prettier one farther on, and ran after it, and so got deeper
and deeper into the wood.

Meanwhile the wolf ran straight to the grandmother’s house and knocked at the
door.

“Who is there?”

“Little Red Riding Hood,” replied the wolf. “She is bringing cake and wine. Open
the door.”

“Lift the latch,” called out the grandmother, “I am too weak, and cannot get up.”

The wolf lifted the latch, the door sprang open, and without saying a word he went
straight to the grandmother’s bed, and devoured her. Then he put on her clothes,
dressed himself in her cap, laid himself in bed and drew the curtains.

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Little Red Riding Hood, however, had been running about picking flowers, and
when she had gathered so many that she could carry no more, she remembered her
grandmother, and set out on the way to her.

She was surprised to find the cottage-door standing open, and when she went into
the room, she had such a strange feeling that she said to herself, oh dear, how
uneasy I feel to-day, and at other times I like being with grandmother so much.

She called out, “Good morning,” but received no answer. So she went to the bed
and drew back the curtains. There lay her grandmother with her cap pulled far over
her face, and looking very strange.

“Oh, grandmother,” she said, “What big ears you have.”

“The better to hear you with, my child,” was the reply.

“But, grandmother, what big eyes you have,” she said.

“The better to see you with, my dear.”

“But, grandmother, what large hands you have.”

“The better to hug you with.”

“Oh, but, grandmother, what a terrible big mouth you have.”

“The better to eat you with.”

And scarcely had the wolf said this, than with one bound he was out of bed and
swallowed up Little Red Riding Hood.

When the wolf had appeased his appetite, he lay down again in the bed, fell asleep
and began to snore very loud. The huntsman was just passing the house, and thought
to himself, how the old woman is snoring. I must just see if she wants anything.

So he went into the room, and when he came to the bed, he saw that the wolf was
lying in it. “Do I find you here, you old sinner,” said he. “I have long sought you.”

Then just as he was going to fire at him, it occurred to him that the wolf might have
devoured the grandmother, and that she might still be saved, so he did not fire, but
took a pair of scissors, and began to cut open the stomach of the sleeping wolf.

When he had made two snips, he saw the Little Red Riding Hood shining, and then

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he made two snips more, and the little girl sprang out, crying, “Ah, how frightened
I have been. How dark it was inside the wolf.”

And after that the aged grandmother came out alive also, but scarcely able to
breathe. Little Red Riding Hood, however, quickly fetched great stones with which
they filled the wolf’s belly, and when he awoke, he wanted to run away, but the
stones were so heavy that he collapsed at once, and fell dead.

Then all three were delighted. The huntsman drew off the wolf’s skin and went
home with it. The grandmother ate the cake and drank the wine which Little Red
Riding Hood had brought, and revived, but Little Red Riding Hood thought to
herself, as long as I live, I will never by myself leave the path, to run into the wood,
when my mother has forbidden me to do so.

It is also related that once when Little Red Riding Hood was again taking cakes
to the old grandmother, another wolf spoke to her, and tried to entice her from
the path. Little Red Riding Hood, however, was on her guard, and went straight
forward on her way, and told her grandmother that she had met the wolf, and that he
had said good-morning to her, but with such a wicked look in his eyes, that if they
had not been on the public road she was certain he would have eaten her up. “Well,”
said the grandmother, “we will shut the door, that he may not come in.”

Soon afterwards the wolf knocked, and cried, “Open the door, grandmother, I am
Little Red Riding Hood, and I am bringing you some cakes.”

But they did not speak, or open the door, so the grey-beard stole twice or thrice
round the house, and at last jumped on the roof, intending to wait until Little Red
Riding Hood went home in the evening, and then to steal after her and devour her
in the darkness. But the grandmother saw what was in his thoughts. In front of
the house was a great stone trough, so she said to the child, "take the pail, Little
Red Riding Hood. I made some sausages yesterday, so carry the water in which I
boiled them to the trough." Little Red Riding Hood carried until the great trough
was quite full. Then the smell of the sausages reached the wolf, and he sniffed and
peeped down, and at last stretched out his neck so far that he could no longer keep
his footing and began to slip, and slipped down from the roof straight into the great
trough, and was drowned. But Little Red Riding Hood went joyously home, and no
one ever did anything to harm her again.

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Word Galaxy

appease : to calm down, to pacify

appetite : desire for food

craftily : cunningly, shrewdly

delighted : pleased, happy

devour : to eat greedily

fancied : imaginary, unreal

gravely : thoughtfully, critically

huntsman : a hunter

joyously : happily, blissfully

latch : a bolt, a handle on door

league : a group

meanwhile : in the meantime, for the moment

merry : happy

nosegay : a small bunch of flowers

peep into : to look into

plump : overweight, fat

sought : asked, requested

trough : any of various domestic or industrial containers

velvet : a type of cloth made from silk, cotton or nylon with thick soft
surface

wicked : evil, sinful, wrong

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A. Read the story, and match what Little Red Riding Hood and the wolf say.

a. Granny, what big eyes you have! i. All the better to hear you with!

b. Granny, what big ears you have! ii. All the better to eat you with!

c. Granny, what a big nose you have! iii. All the better to see you with!

d. Granny, what big teeth you have! iv. All the better to smell you with!

B. Read the story again, and put these sentences in order.

a. On her way she met a wolf.

b. Little Red Riding Hood looked at the wolf’s eyes, ears, nose and teeth.

c. One day Little Red Riding Hood went to visit her granny.

d. Little Red Riding Hood never saw the wolf again.

e. The wolf opened his mouth wide and Granny jumped out.

f. The wolf ran to Granny’s house and ate Granny up.

g. A woodcutter heard a loud scream and ran to the house

C. Read the story again, and answer the questions given below.

“Come, Little Red Riding Hood, here is a piece of cake and a bottle of wine.

Take them to your grandmother, she is ill and weak, and they will do her good.

a. Who said it to whom?

b. What does ‘them’ in the second line refer to?

c. What does ‘she’ in the second line refer to?

D. Read the story again, and answer the following questions.

a. Why was she always called Little Red Riding Hood?

b. Where does the story take place?

c. What problems do the characters face?

d. Who are the characters in the story?

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e. How do they solve these problems?
f. Who is your favourite character and why?
g. How does the story end?
h. What lesson does this story teach you?
E. Draw a picture of your granny or someone else in your family and write
about them.

Reading II

A. Connect Yourself

Look at the picture, and answer the following questions.

a. What do you see in the picture ?
b. Do you like dogs ?
c. What are dogs famous for ?

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B. Read andAnswer

Read the following text about the dog and do the activities that follow.

The Dog

The dog is a member of society who likes to have his day’s work, and who does it
more conscientiously than most human beings. A dog always looks as if he ought
to have a pipe in his mouth and a black bag for his lunch, and then he would go
quite happily to office every day.

A dog without work is like a man without work, a
nuisance to himself and everybody else. People,
who live about town, and keep a dog to give the
children hydatids and to keep the neighbours
awake at night, imagine that the animal is
fulfilling his destiny. All town dogs, fancy dogs,
show dogs, lap-dogs, and other dogs with no
work to do, should be abolished; it is only in the
country that a dog has any justification for his
existence.

The old theory that says animals have only instinct, not reason, to guide them, is
knocked endways by the dog. A dog can reason as well as a human being on some
subjects, and better on others, and the best reasoning dog of all is the sheep-dog. The
sheep-dog is a professional artist with a pride in his business. Watch any drover’s
dogs bringing sheep into the yards. How thoroughly they feel their responsibility,
and how very annoyed they get if a stray dog with no occupation wants them to stop
and fool about! They snap at him and hurry off, as much as to say: “You go about
your idleness. Don’t you see this is my busy day?”

Sheep-dogs are followers of Thomas Carlyle. They hold that the only happiness for
a dog in this life is to find his work and to do it. The idle, `dilettante’, non-working,
aristocratic dog they have no use for.

The training of a sheep-dog for his profession begins at a very early age. The first
thing is to take him out with his mother and let him see her working. He blunders
lightheartedly, frisking along in front of the horse, and his owner tries to ride over

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him, and generally succeeds. It is amusing to see how that knocks all the gas out
of a puppy, and with what a humble air he falls to the rear and glues himself to
the horse’s heels, scarcely daring to look to the right or to the left, for fear of
committing some other breach of etiquette.

He has had his first lesson -- to keep behind the horse until he is wanted. Then he
watches the old slut work, and is allowed to go with her round the sheep; and if he
shows any disposition to get out of hand and frolic about, the old lady will bite him
sharply to prevent his interfering with her work.

By degrees, slowly, like any other professional, he learns his business. He learns to
bring sheep after a horse simply at a wave of the hand; to force the mob up to a gate
where they can be counted or drafted; to follow the scent of lost sheep, and to drive
sheep through a town without any master, one dog going on ahead to block the
sheep from turning off into by-streets while the other drives them on from the rear.

How do they learn all these things? Dogs for show work are taught painstakingly
by men who are skilled in handling them; but, after all, they teach themselves more
than the men teach them. It looks as if the acquired knowledge of generations were
transmitted from dog to dog. The puppy, descended from a race of sheep-dogs, starts
with all his faculties directed towards the working of sheep; he is half-educated as
soon as he is born. He can no more help working sheep than a born musician can
help being musical, or a Hebrew can help gathering in shekels. It is bred in him.
If he can’t get sheep to work, he will work a fowl; often and often one can see a
collie pup painstakingly and carefully driving a bewildered old hen into a stable,
or a stock-yard, or any other enclosed space on which he has fixed his mind. How
does he learn to do that? He didn’t learn it at all. The knowledge was born with him.

When the dog has been educated, or has educated himself, he enjoys his work; but
very few dogs like work “in the yards.” The sun is hot, the dust rises in clouds, and
there is nothing to do but bark, bark, bark -- which is all very well for learners and ,
but is beneath the dignity of the true professional sheep-dog. When they are hoarse
with barking and nearly choked with dust, the men lose their tempers and swear at
them, and throw clods of earth at them, and sing out to them “Speak up, blast you!”

Then the dogs suddenly decide that they have done enough for the day. Watching

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their opportunity, they silently steal over the fence, and hide in any cool place they
can find. After a while the men notice that hardly any are left, and operations are
suspended while a great hunt is made into outlying pieces of cover, where the dogs
are sure to be found lying low and looking as guilty as so many thieves. A clutch at
the scruff of the neck, a kick in the ribs, and they are hauled out of hiding-places;
and accompany their masters to the yard frolicking about and pretending that they
are quite delighted to be going back, and only hid in those bushes out of sheer
thoughtlessness. He is a champion hypocrite, is the dog.

Dogs, like horses, have very keen intuition. They know when the men around them
are frightened, though they may not know the cause. In a great Queensland strike,
when the shearers attacked and burnt Dagworth shed, some rifle-volleys were
exchanged. The air was full of human electricity, each man giving out waves of
fear and excitement. Mark now the effect it had on the dogs. They were not in the
fighting; nobody fired at them, and nobody spoke to them; but every dog left his
master, left the sheep, and went away to the homestead, about six miles off. There
wasn’t a dog about the shed next day after the fight. The noise of the rifles had not
frightened them, because they were well-accustomed to that.

The same thing happened constantly with horses in the South African War. A loose
horse would feed contentedly while our men were firing, but when our troops were
being fired at the horses became uneasy, and the loose ones would trot away. The
excitement of the men communicated itself to them.

Dogs have an amazing sense of responsibility. Sometimes, when there are sheep to
be worked, an old slut who has young puppies may be greatly exercised in her mind
whether she should go out or not. On the one hand, she does not care about leaving
the puppies, on the other, she feels that she really ought to go rather than allow the
sheep to be knocked about by those learners. Hesitatingly, with many a look behind
her, she trots out after the horses and the other dogs. An impassioned appeal from
the head boundary rider, “Go back home, will you!” is treated with the contempt
it deserves. She goes out to the yards, works, perhaps half the day, and then slips
quietly under the fences and trots off home, contented.

Banjo Paterson

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Word Galaxy : habituated, familiar
accustomed : worried, dejected
annoyed : well-bred, noble
aristocratic : to hold, grab
clutch : carefully, alertly
conscientiously : disrespect, dislike
contempt : happy, satisfied
contented : amateur, dabbler
dilettante : character, nature
disposition : good manners
etiquette : survival, way of life
existence : running and jumping in a happy way
frisking : to play and move happily
frolic : cysts due to tapeworm infection
hydatids : passionate, emotional
impassioned : natural feeling
instinct : cheerfully, happily
lightheartedly : crowd, mass, group
mob : annoyance, irritation
nuisance : distant, far
outlying : thoroughly, carefully
painstakingly : a very untidy or lady woman
slut : to accomplish something desired
succeed

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A. Read the text above, and fill in the gaps with correct words from the box.
instinct sheep-dog painstakingly professional conscientiously

a. The dog does his day’s work more …….. than most human beings.

b. The old theory that says animals have only ……, not reason is knocked
endways by the dog.

c. The training of a …… for his profession begins at a very early age.

d. By degrees, slowly, like any other ……., the dog learns his business.

e. Dogs for show work are taught …….. by men who are skilled in handling
them

B. Read the text again, and decide whether the following statements are true
or false.

a. A man without work is like a dog without work, a nuisance to himself and
everybody else.

b. The sheep-dog is a professional artist with a pride in his business.

c. The training of a sheep-dog for his profession begins after he becomes
mature.

d. When the dog has been educated, he enjoys his work.

e. Dogs have an amazing sense of responsibility.

C. Read the text again, and match the words in column A with their
continuations in column B.

Column A Column B

a. the sheep-dog i. attacked and burnt Dagworth shed in Queensland strike

b. the stray dog ii. a professional artist with a pride in his business

c. the puppy iii. lose their tempers and swear at dogs

d. the men iv. is half-educated as soon as he is born

e. the shearers v. wants the sheep-dog to stop and fool about

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D. Read the text again, and answer the following questions.
a. Name any five different types of dogs mentioned in the text.
b. Which is the best reasoning dog of all?
c. How are dogs for show work taught?
d. What do dogs like horses have?
e. Do dogs have sense of responsibility?
f. When do dogs not care about leaving the puppies?
g. Do dogs know if men are frightened or not?

Grammar

Conditional II
A. Connect Yourself

Go through the following conditional sentences, and discuss their meanings
and structure with your friends as shown in the example.
a. If you worked hard, you would earn money.
b. If you emailed him, it would reach there soon.
c. If I had money, I would buy a car.
d. If I were the chief of the programme, I would solve your problem.
e. If he improved his IT skills, he would easily get a job.
f. I would give up work if I could afford it.
g. If he were there, he could see the accident.
h. If she had wings, she might fly in the sky.
i. If I were there, I might meet the celebrity.
j. If my father gave me more money, I could be happy.
Example: If he were the manager, the company would flourish.
Meaning: unreal conditional
Structure: simple past + would/could/might + verb

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B. Grammar Time

Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of verbs in brackets.
a. I would go if I............ (have) more time.
b. If he came to class more often, he............ (learn) more.
c. If he came to class on time, he............ (be) a better student.
d. If he went to bed earlier, he............ (feel) better.
e. If he............ (know) her better, he could go with her to the party.
f. If I............ (be) in your position, I would study French.
g. If the weather............ (be) warmer, we would go for a walk.
h. John would do it if he............ (be) not so busy.
i. If he............ (prepare) his lessons every night, he would be a better student.
j. If he had more money, he............ (take) trip to Japan.
k. If he were here, he............ (help) us.
l. If Heman............ (be) a good student, she would speak English better.
m. If I............ (have) the money, I would buy that suit.
n. If I knew her, I............ (speak) to her.
o. If Jeevan............ (be) here now, he would help us.
p. If Mina............ (have) more time, she would study more.
q. If our room ............ (be) larger, we could study better.
r. She............ (go) with us if she were not so busy.
s. She............ (make) more progress if she studied more.
t. She............ (speak) English better if she had more practice.
u. We would speak better if we............ (have) more practice in conversation.

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Listening

A. Connect Yourself

Look at the picture and guess answers to the given questions. Then listen to the
audio or teacher and find out if your guesses were correct.

a. Who are they?
b. What are they talking about?
c. Do you enjoy travelling?

B. Listen and Answer

A. Listen to the conversation, and answer the following questions.

a. Where does Mary want to go?

b. Where does John want to go?

c. Why doesn’t Mary want to go to Hawaii?

d. Why does Mary agree to spend time at pool or on the
beach?

e. How will they manage money if the money they have is Scan Here For Audio
not enough?

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B. Write any four exponents used for making suggestions that you listened to
in the audio.
a. …………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………...
c. ………………………………………………………………….
d. ………………………………………………………………….

Speaking

A. Connect Yourself

Read the following exponents for making suggestions and use them in class.
a. Let’s read a poem?
b. Why don’t we have a party tonight?
c. How about going for hiking tomorrow?
d. Shall we play football today?
e. If I were you, I would go to hospital.
f. You’d better take extra classes.
g. You should stay quiet in a library.

B. Speak a Moment

Work in pairs. Using the clues given below, take turns to suggest and reply.
Example:
A: Let’s go to cinema today?
B: Yes, let’s.
A: Let’s………… (draw picture)
B: Yes, …………..

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A: Why don’t we go for…….? (practice mathematics)
B: That’s a…………….
A: How about ………? (take part in drama)
B: We could but…………
A: Shall we …………….? (play soccer)
B: No. Let’s not…….. It’s too hot.
A: If I were you, I would…….. (consult doctor)
B: That’s a………………
A: You’d better ………. (study more)
B: That’s a …………………..
A: You should …………… (do exercise daily)
B: That’s a …………………..

Writing

A. Connect Yourself

Look at the picture, and answer the following questions.

a. What is the dog doing in the picture?
b. What do you see in his mouth?
c. Do you know the story of the greedy dog?

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Now, read the following story aloud in the class.

The Greedy Dog

Once there lived a dog. He always wandered in search of food. One day the dog
was very hungry. He searched the food everywhere and at last found a bone. He
picked the bone with his mouth and started going back to his home. There was a
bridge on the way to his home.

When he started crossing it, he saw his own reflection in the water. He wanted to
get that other bone too as he was very hungry thinking that two bones could satisfy
his hunger.

Therefore, he started barking at his own reflection. His bone fell in water as soon as
he opened his mouth. The greedy dog lost his bone this way.

Moral: Do not be greedy.

B. Write a While

a. Develop a similar readable story with the help of the outlines given
below. Give it a suitable title and find a moral lesson for your story.

A wise merchant-a lazy donkey-takes good care-a river on the way-once-donkey
carrying salt-drench in water-water dissolve-merchant in great loss-next day the
donkey loaded with cotton-set their journey –the donkey does the same-cotton gets
wet and becomes very heavy-gets punished-moral.

b. Develop a similar readable story with the help of the outlines given
below. Give it a suitable title and find a moral lesson for your story.

A bee falls into a tank – a dove flies past – drops a large leaf into the water – the
bee climbs on to the leaf – dove flies away–another day a hunter takes aim at the
dove–the bee stings him – the dove is saved-moral.

c. Develop a similar readable story with the help of the outlines given
below. Give it a suitable title and find a moral lesson for your story.

A barber shop near the jungle…people visit him/her everyday…nearby a monkey
on a tree…watches…shaving finished…the barber goes to the river…the monkey
climbs down…tries saving…cuts mouth and nose…screams…moral.

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UNIT

6 Expressing Intention
with Reasons

Reading I
A. Connect Yourself
Look at these pictures. What are these people doing?

Doing exercise is one of the best ways of maintaining physical fitness. Likewise,
reading is the sole purpose of comprehending the world. Both exercise and reading
go hand in hand for the overall development of an individual. Do you agree on
this thought? Write down any three points each showing the importance of doing
exercise and reading books.

Importance of doing exercise:

a. …………………………………………

b. …………………………………………

c. …………………………………………

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Importance of reading books:

a. …………………………………………

b. …………………………………………

c. …………………………………………

B. Read andAnswer

Read the following drama and observe the distinct views on studies and
exercises. Find out how the sons express their intentions with reasons with
their father and to each other.

Balancing Study and Exercise

(Kshitiz and Anurag are two brothers. They are in the middle of their vacation of
school. Their father Badri is making some snacks for them. Kshitiz is exercising on
the floor. Anurag is doing homework. Library invitation card is lying on the table.
All of sudden, Anurag sees the invitation card, his mouth stays open. )

Anurag: Yes! Only five days until the library opens. (pointing to Kshitiz) A
paradise! Kshitiz! Come out, get up from that floor and let's see the
invitation and play some quiz. I am going to make this vacation memorable
because it is the time of fun and frolic.

Kshitiz: (in unhappy voice) I know, but it’s vacation now don't make me sad. I
am thinking of making my health because I have always had one or
another health problem. I am intending to improve my health as much as
I can on this vacation. I'm sorry. I can't join you. Is it okay if we discuss
this after our vacation?

Badri: (Arrives) Hey! (grunting) Are you going to argue unnecessarily as you
have no reasons for arguments?

Anurag: Dad! Of course not! We are just going to make use of our vacation
fruitfully because this is time to do something interesting.

Badri: Oh Anurag, I appreciate your intentions! You are excited about the
opening of the library of your school, aren't you?

Anurag: (smiles) Yes, dad. I am quite excited about the opening of the library of my
school.

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Badri: (start serving snacks) You don't need to hurry about that. In fact, you are
a brilliant student. You'll get the membership for sure.

Anurag: ( arrogantly) Hmmm. Absolutely, but I am excited to explore more
interesting books in the library.

Kshitiz: Oh, I see. (mutters) You’re going to make a fuss there.

Anurag: (goes near Badri) You know dad there will be lots of books in that library.
Our teachers have promised us to include some extra interesting books.
(looking at Kshitiz) One can enjoy better than exercising.

Badri: You should give your attention to physical development too. Only the
books can't make you healthy. Think about that.

Anurag: I won’t take part in exercise because it is just time taking. I loathe doing
exercise anytime. Look at my scores in past exams and the quiz! It's all
possible because of my passion for study. I enjoy reading books. I love
consuming myself into the books.

Kshitiz: (madly) I know! You want to say that I am doing these exercises
redundantly! My brother, don't forget what is important for your life. You
can decide yourself. Do what you want to do. For me, my body and my
health are far more important than the books. I have every intention of
exercising my body, you read books...

Badri: (father interrupts) Can you please stop this row? I fully intend to say that
at this point, you both are correct and wrong. Kshitiz, I reckon that you
have to focus on your studies. And Anurag, you’ll you need to make
an effort to do some exercise for your health.

Anurag: Okay, dad. We’re going to do as you said because we actually don’t know
our own strengths and weaknesses. Is it alright if I borrow a book to read
now?

Kshitiz: If so, may I continue my exercise now? I'm getting warm. I am intending
to make my body, strong and healthy as my body is very weak. I think I
will exercise on a daily basis for a couple of weeks and see how
changes occur.

Badri: (gets excited) I am very happy with you. Yes, for today, both of you do
your work as you like and stop arguing. Now you are both going to do
what you think is good because work without interest is fruitless.

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Anurag: Sure! I am thinking of completing unit one today as the teacher is going
to ask me some questions the next day. I am already on the 5th page.

Kshitiz: Yeah! I am getting ready. I am going to do meditation for 10 minutes first
because concentration is very useful in sharpening mind and avoiding
bad thinking.

Badri: Alright then, my sons! Keep doing. (smiles)

(All of them get busy on their work)

Word Galaxy

appreciate : to be grateful for, to value
brilliant : extremely clever or impressive
consuming : using something
excited : feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm
frolic : to play and move around in a lively, happy way
grunting : making a short low sound in the throat, complaining
make a fuss : show anger or complaints about something unimportant
memorable : unforgettable, outstanding
redundantly : in a way that is more than necessary

A. Read the drama, and choose the best answer.
a. Kshitiz and Anurag are…….
i. brothers ii. father and son iii. uncle and cousin
b. A library invitation card is lying…..
i. on the library ii. on the floor iii. on the table


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c. Badri grunts that……

i. they have no reasons for arguments.

ii. they have reasons for arguments.

iii. they are excited about the opening of the library.

d. According to Badri, Anurag is a……student.

i. dull ii. brilliant iii. funny

e. Badri thinks that Kshitiz has to focus on his …....... .

i. sports ii. arguments iii. studies

B. Read the drama again, and decide whether the following sentences are
true or false.

a. The given text is an example of a story.

b. Kshitiz tells Anurag that he cannot join him.

c. Badri suggests Anurag to pay attention to physical development too.

d. Anurag is interested in doing exercises.

e. Kshitiz loathes doing exercise anytime.

C. Read the drama again, and answer the following questions.
a. Who are the characters in the conversation?
b. What are they talking about?
c. How many days are left to open the library?
d. Why is Kshitiz thinking of making his health?
e. Why doesn’t Anurag take part in exercise?
f. “For me, my body and my health are far more important than the books.”
Who says so? Why?
g. What is Anurag thinking of doing in the end?
h. What is Kshitiz going to do in the end?

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Reading II

A. Connect Yourself

a. How often do you play games?
b. Do you feel happy while playing games?
c. Do you have enough sports materials to play?
Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.

Questions: Approved By CDC (Nepal) 97
a. What are the people doing in each picture?
b. How do sports keep us fit?

Shubharambha's New Spark English Reader Book 6

C. Read andAnswer

Read the text below, and do the activities that follow.

Sports

Sports are such an activity that can be taken up by anyone; at any age and point in
life. Adults, children and elders-everyone alike can take part in sports. Many regard
sports as a mere co-curricular or extracurricular activity in schools. However; in
reality, sports play an equally important role as does education in a person’s life. To
achieve overall and all-round development in life, one should be well versed in
both sports and culture. While training sharpens the mind, sports sharpen the body
and fitness. Thus, both are essential.

There are numerous advantages
of involving oneself in sports.
First and foremost, as known
by all and very definitely,
competitions will increase the
physical fitness of an individual.
Additionally, sports also
contribute to building stable
mental well-being of a person.
Various researches show that
people who are in the daily
practice of sports in any form
record better mental as well as physical health.

Sports also influence the life expectancy of people, increasing the potential years to
live of an average human individual. All of us are associated with games somehow
or the other in our lives. While at schools and as kids, we were exposed to sports
in various forms. However, since many institutions do not make it obligatory to
pursue sports in higher academics, some of us are associated from its practice.
However, a lot of people take up games further, on their own record. Some people
are found to have been planning to decide on pursuing a career in the field.

A lot of people take up a lot of different kinds of sporting activities. There are many
outdoor sports; these include cricket, badminton, football, hockey, basketball,
volleyball, etc. Indoor sports such as various board games, table tennis, chess, etc.
are also popular. If one is thinking of taking part on particular sports, he can choose
from a large variety of sports. While outdoor sports contribute heavily in building

98 Approved By CDC (Nepal) Shubharambha's New Spark English Reader Book 6

the physical aspect of one’s being, indoor games have a more psychological impact.
However, none of the activities can be categorized in a hard and fast way. Every
sporting activity contributes to the well being of a person, both physically and
mentally.

Sports also builds several characteristics and personality traits in a person. Sports
instills a sense of confidence and enthusiasm in an individual’s attitude. People who
are being involved in regular sports practices show qualities of leadership, team
work and excellence in their personalities and behaviour. Sports makes people
more competitive, however in a healthy manner. It also helps us to deal with failure
and enables us to work hard in achieving our respective goals.

These are all just a few good qualities that sports brings us into our lives. There
are many other attributes that games have. Hence, we should all engage actively
and more frequently in sports and other physical activities. It instills discipline in
us, makes us active, energetic, and increases our mental, emotional and physical
condition.

A. Read the text and, match the words in column A with their meanings in
column B.

Column A Column B

a. extracurricular i. to try to achieve over a period of time

b. potential ii. to inspire; encourage

c. pursue iii. to improve, increase or add to something

d. contribute iv. together with the curriculum of a school

e. instill v. that can develop into something

f. competitive vi. qualities

g. attributes vii. not part of the usual course of work or studies at
school

h. expectancy viii. ready for action

i. enthusiasm ix. expectation; hope

j. co-curricular x. interest; eagerness

Shubharambha's New Spark English Reader Book 6 Approved By CDC (Nepal) 99

B. Read the text again and, fill in the blanks with the given words.

personality traits well versed deal with attributes well being

a. Sports also contribute to building stable mental ……… of a person.

b. There are many other ……… that games have.

c. Sports also builds several characteristics and ………. in a person.

d. To achieve overall and all-round development in life, one should be ….. in
both sports and culture.

e. Sports helps us to …… failure and enables us to work hard in achieving
our respective goals.

C. Read the text again, and answer the following questions.

a. What does sports sharpen?

b. What do researches show?

c. How does sports influence the life expectancy of people?

d. What are outdoor and indoor sports people take part?

e. What does sports instill in a person?
f. What do people who are being involved in regular sports practices show?

Grammar

Reason Connectives

A. Connect Yourself

Read the following sentences that express reason and discuss how the sentences
are formed.
I called you here because he told me to.
She needs some help as she is new.

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