Computer 3

N E W Shubharambha's

Gateway to
Computer Science

A Complete Text Book of Computer Science

Author
Dinesh Adhikari

Co-authors

Shekhar Poudel
Elisha K.C.
Toyaram Giri

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal

Published by:

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal
URL: www.shubharambhapublication.com
E-mail: [email protected]

www.facebook.com/shubharambhapublication

New Gateway to Computer Science Book-3

Author : Dinesh Adhikari

Co-author : Shekhar Poudel ,Elisha K.C., Toyaram Giri

Layout Design : Zeeta Computer Service Pvt. Ltd.

Cover Design : Ram Malakar
Dinesh Adhikari
Copyright © : First 2075, Second 2076, Third 2077
Revised 2078
Edition :

© : Publisher

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted by means (electronic, photocopying,
recording or otherwise) without prior written permission from the publisher. Any breach of this
condition will entail legal action and prosecution.

Printed in Nepal

Preface

Along with the evolution of human beings, new thoughts, area of knowledge
and technology also developed together. Among the eruptions, ICT
(Information and Communication Technology) is one which has unquestionably
become an important part of human beings. A person is not better than
a caged pigeon if s/he is far from computer technology in this century.
New Gateway to Computer Science Book-3 is a complete package
which obviously supports a lot to the students as this is one of the most
useful Textbook, so far available in the market. This book is completely
prepared considering the level of the students. There are various salient
features like it focus on child psychology, the inclusion of comic’s
cartoons, conversation-based, focus on pictorial descriptions, quiz section,
worksheets, etc.

I am thankful to Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. to for their
encouragement, co-operation and help in preparing this book.

At last I would like to assure all the concerned teachers, students
and readers that constructive suggestions and feedbacks shall be
tremendously appreciated and incorporated in the upcoming edition.
constructive suggestions and feedbacks, if any, can be mailed at
[email protected]

The Author

Guidelines to the teachers

Before starting the unit/lesson, teachers are required to go
through the 'Note to the teacher' and to follow the instructions
given.

Quiz time is given in each chapter to determine the understanding
level of the students. Teachers are required to ask the oral
questions to the students individually and mention the score in
the space provided.

Activity time is given to involve the students as their refreshment
work.

Evaluation Time is given as the exercise in each unit/lesson. It
is mandatory to write the answer to all the students. They can
use their own book to write the answer.

Conversation-based learning is one of the most important
features of this textbook. You are required to encourage the
students to do the conversation with role play

Practical time is given in some units as required. Computer
teachers are required to take the students to the computer lab
for practical classes.

Project work is given in each lesson. Teachers are required to
sign on each project work page and keep the records of it.

Quiz Section with answer key is given in this textbook, which is
believed to be helpful to increase the efficiency of the students.

My worksheets are the other features of this textbook. Teachers
are required to encourage the students to do worksheets as
their project works and keep the record of each student. They
can create similar types of other worksheets as required.

Thanking you !

Contents 6
7
Safety lab rules
8
Risk and precaution in a computer lab 27
45
Unit 71
1. Introduction to Technology 88
2. Learning the Computer 99
3. Input and Output Devices 110
4. Handling the parts of a Computer 127
5.. Starting and shutting down the computer 141
6. Working with Paint (part I) 145
7. Working with Paint (part II)
8. Working with Word Pad program
Quiz Section
My Worksheets

Safety Lab Rules

1. We always have to enter and leave the computer lab
quietly.

2. Make sure that your hands are clean before using the
computer.

3. Do not eat or drink in the computer lab.

4. We have to keep the computer lab clean.

5. We have to wait for the teachers permission before
using the computer.

6. Never touch on the screen.

7. Never insert any objects in drives, USB port or jack
socket.

8. Never touch electrical sockets and plugs.

9. If you have problems with the computer, let you teacher
know.

10 Shut down the computer in proper way after use.

66 New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three

Risk and Precaution in a Computer Lab

Risk

1. Damaged electrical sockets and wires.
2. Overloaded electrical sockets.
3. Trailing wires .
4. Wrong sitting posture.
5. Food or liquids near the computer.
6. Wrong with glare or reflections.

Precaution

1. Always sit with good posture.
2. Do not play, run and jump in computer lab.
3. Do not touch computer parts with wet hands.
4. Do not touch electrical sockets.
5. Do not hit keys too hardly.
6. Press gently the mouse button.

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Unit1 Introduction to
Technology

Note to Teacher
Bring some electronic devices like mobile,
calculator, laptop, etc. in the class and
demonstrate them.
Use some cards and pictures that are related to
technology during teaching learning activities.
Make your students visit nearby places where
technology has been used and let them know
the uses of technology. (Like ATM Centre,
Electricity office, Telecom Office etc.)

88 New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three

Warm Up Let’s discuss the following latest
technological devices.

Smart Watch Smart Television Wireless Charging
System

Foldable Phone Virtual Reality Portable Projector

Drone Camera A Robot Sophia Space Plane

Teacher’s Corner

Discuss about the above pictures in the class
before starting the lesson with the help of pictures
and videos that are available on the internet.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 99

Let's Try Name the following devices.

Teacher’s Corner
Ask the name of the above devices to the students.
If they will not be able to answer, teachers are
required to explain more about them.

1100 New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three

Look at the given pictures carefully.

The above pictures
indicate a variety of devices in
which there is use of technology.
Because of the technology, we are
able to use different products. The
main creator of technology is human.
Human use their skills and knowledge to
develop such devices. Be sure that technology
is not given by the nature. These are the best
creations of human beings.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 1111

Technology is the branch of
knowledge that deals with the
creation and use of technical
resources and their interrelation
with human life. We use
technology to do various works in
our daily lives.

All the objects around us which we use in our daily lives are
the products of different technologies. Calculator, Mobiles,
Computers, cars, airplanes, etc. are the output of technology.
Technologies are making our life very easy and comfortable.
Only the knowledge of computer is not sufficient to work
everywhere properly. A person should have the knowledge of
different technologies.

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Quick Learn

Humans use their skills and knowledge to develop
the devices.

Technology is not given by the nature.

Technologyisthesetofknowledge,skills,experience
and techniques to create machines.

Calculator, Mobiles, Computers, cars, airplanes,
etc. are the product of the technology.

Advantages of Technology

We can communicate with anyone in the world
within a few seconds.

We can do our work very fast and easily.
We are getting different types of entertainment.
We are getting latest types of health, education and

other various services.
We can see a great revolution in the field of science

and engineering.

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Disadvantages of Technology

The use of technology is decreasing the efficacy of
human.

The use of technology is creating unemployment
problem in the world.

The use of technology is expensive and difficult to
use, so everybody cannot effort it.

The use of technology is creating the issues of
privacy.

The use of technology is bringing a lot of social and
environmental problems.

Oral Evaluation

Ask the given questions in the class to determine the
understanding level of students.
y What is technology?
y Who is the main creator of technology?
y Tell any two advantages of technology.
y Tell any two disadvantages of technology.
y Name any four technological devices.

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Application Areas of Information and Communication Technology

People use computers in everyday
life. Computers and other electronic
devices are becoming inexpensive
gradually. They are more powerful
and easier tools to work. Humans
are becoming dependant on
technology even for simple tasks.
There are some application areas of
Information and Communication
Technology(ICT).

Technology in Science and Engineering

The use of technology in science and engineering is increasing
day by day. With the help of technology, new creation and
development is possible.

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Technology in Business
Nowadays technology is being used in Business for the
promotion of their products. People are preparing interesting
types of advertisements with the help of technology so that
they can promote their business.

Technology in Education
The use of computer in education field is also increasing day
by day. Teaching learning process is easier because of the
use of technology. A teacher can demonstrate the topic easily
and students can easily understand it. Nowadays, online

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education is also possible because of technology.

Technology in Hospital & Medicine

Doctors can easily diagnose the disease of sick people at
hospital with the help of technology. To keep the record of
doctors, patients, many technologies are used. It is easy for
them to know the status of brain, heart, kidney, vain, etc. with
the use of technology.

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Technology in Entertainment

Entertainment is essential for
every human being. With the
help of technology, people can
create interesting animations
and effects. Sound effects,
video effects, text effects, etc.
are also possible to apply with
the help of technology.

Quick Learn

Technology is used to do our work very fast and
easily.

The use of technology is bringing a lot of social and
environmental problems.

Humans are becoming dependant on technology
even for simple tasks.

The use of technology in this modern age are :
» Science and Engineering
» Business
» Education
» Hospital & Medicine
» Entertainment

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Activity Identify the given pictures and match with
Time the suitable one.

Computer in Health

Computer in Education

Computer in Science
and Technology

Computer in Business

Computer in Entertainment

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 1991

Oral Evaluation

Ask the given questions in the class to determine the
understanding level of students.

y Tell any four application areas of technology.
y What is the role of technology in education?
y What is the role of computer at hospital?
y What is the use of technology for entertainment?

Word Meaning

indicate : point out; show

variety : the state of being different, variation

creator : maker; designer

devices : parts; components

skill : talent

experience : knowledge or skill gained

techniques : Skills; abilities ; ideas
fulfil : to carryout to completion

demand : to request for something
sufficient : more ; enough

communicate : exchange information

unemployment : Joblessness; workelessness

effort : energy ; power

inexpensive : not expensive ; low cost

demonstrate : show; display

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Revision Time

á With the help of technology, we are able to use
different products.

á Technology is not given by the nature.

á Technology is the branch of knowledge that deals
with the creation and use of technical resources and
their interrelation with human life.

á A person should have the knowledge of different
technologies.

á The uses of technology is decreasing the efficacy of
human beings.

á Humans are becoming dependant on technology
even for simple tasks.

á The use of technology in science and engineering is
increasing day by day.

á With the help of technology, new creation and
development is possible.

á Teaching learning process is easier because of the use
of technology.

á Doctors can easily diagnose the disease of sick people
at hospital with the help of technology.

á With the help of technology, people can create
interesting animations and effects.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 1221

Evaluation Time

1. Name the following devices with the help of clues.

Robert Memory card Camera
Mobile Television Laptop

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable word.

a. With the help of ……………………, we are able to use
different products.

b. Technologies are not given by the ………………….
c. …………………… is the branch of knowledge.

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d. A person should have the knowledge of different
technologies.

e. The use of technology is …………………..the efficacy of
human.

f. Humans are becoming …………………. on technology
even for simple tasks.

g. Teaching learning process is easier because of the
use of …………………….

h. ……………..can easily diagnose the ……………. of sick
people at hospital with the help of technology.

3. State whether the given statements are True or False.

a. Nowadays people depend on technology.

b. The term technology is derived from the
Chinese word.

c. Mobile and tablet are also related to
technology.

d. The uses of technology is decreasing the
efficacy of human beings.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 3223

e. Technology is not necessary for
communication.

f. The use of technology is increasing
unemployment.

g. In education, technology is not necessary.
4. Answer the given questions:

a. What is technology?

.........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................

b. What is the full form of ICT?

..........................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

c. Write any four advantages of technology.

................................................................................. ................................................................................

................................................................................. ................................................................................

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d. Write any four disadvantages of technology.

................................................................................. ................................................................................
................................................................................. ................................................................................

e. Write any four application areas of technology.

................................................................................. ................................................................................
................................................................................. ................................................................................

f. What is the role of technology in education?

.........................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................

5. Write down the meaning of the given words.

a. Indicate : .....................................................................................

b. Devices : .....................................................................................

c. Techniques : .....................................................................................
d. Sufficient : .....................................................................................

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e. Communicate : .....................................................................................

f. Unemployment : .....................................................................................

g. Effort : .....................................................................................

6. Identify and highlight the following words from the given
table.

Laptop Tablet Mobile Memory Pen Drive

W R C P WWM A
MY L A P TOP
YEBREBBC
B YMRN C I B
GNGODB LD
HGHT RHE F
YHYC I YRG
HOR F V T BH
TABLETCK

Project Work

Use a chart paper and paste any 10 pictures of
technological devices.

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Unit 2 Learning the
Computer

Note to Teacher

Visit computer lab and let the students know
how the computer parts are attached with each
other.

Prepare a chart paper where the different
figures of computers are pasted.

Make your students visit nearby places where
computers are used (Like Hospitals, Bank,
Department store, etc.)

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 7227

Warm Up Let’s discuss the name of following
devices.

Teacher’s Corner
Discuss about the above pictures in the class
before starting the lesson with the help of pictures
and videos that are available on the internet.

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Let's Try
Name the following devices.

Teacher’s Corner

Teacher’s Corner: Ask the name of the above
devices to the students. If they will not be able
to answer, teachers are required to explain more
about them.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 9292

Introduction

A computer is an electronic device. It
cannot work without electricity. It is a
manmade device. It helps to do a lot
of calculations. Computer is a device
that transforms data into meaningful
information. A computer can:

accept the data,

process data as desired,

display the result after processing
and,

store the data.

We can say that a computer is an electronic device which
accepts input (data), processes it and displays meaningful
output which is called result. The main job of computer is to
run programs. Programs are developed by the computer
programmers.

A person who is mainly
responsible to develop
a program is called
computer programmer.
A computer programmer
writes a program and

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saves it on a storage device like a pen drive, hard disk, Compact
Disk (CD), Digital Video Disk (DVD) or other storage media.

Advantages of Computer

The following are the advantages of the computer:
It is a very fast and accurate device.
It can process large amount of data at a very high

speed.
It can perform millions of calculations in a few

seconds.
It can store large amount of data.
It can be used in various fields.

Disadvantage of Computer

The following are the disadvantages of the computer:
It does not have true intelligence.
It cannot give any decision itself.
It has no feelings or emotions.
It is expensive machine so everyone cannot afford it.
It requires trained person to handle.
It is useless without electricity.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 1331

Quick Learn

A computer is an electronic device.
A computer cannot work without electricity.
A computer helps to do a lot of calculations.
A computer is a device that transforms data into

meaningful information.
The main job of a computer is to run programs.
Programs are developed by the computer

programmers.
A person who is mainly responsible to develop a

program is called computer programmer.
A computer can perform millions of calculations in

a few seconds.
A computer cannot give any decision itself.

Components of computer

A computer has three main units to work. They are input,
process and output.

Input unit:

This unit helps to give data and
instructions to the computer
system. The keyboard and

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mouse of the computer are the most commonly used input
devices.

Process Unit:

This unit is mainly responsible
for data processing activities.
Without processing unit, a
computer is like a dead body
of human.

Output Unit:

This unit is used to display the
result after processing. The
output is also called information which is meaningful.

Characteristics of computer

Speed:

The processing speed of
computer is very high.
The computer can process
millions of instructions in a
few second. Very high speed
computers are available
these days. The speed
measurement units are
Milliseconds, Microseconds, Nanoseconds, Picoseconds and
Femtoseconds.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 3333

Storage Capacity:

A computer can store large
amount of information on the
basis of its storage capacity. The
storage capacity is measured
on kilobytes, megabytes,
gigabytes, terabytes, etc.
Nowadays the hard disk of one terabyte is common.

Versatility:

A computer has a multitasking
capacity. A computer can be used
everywhere. It can be used for
various purposes, so it is a versatile
machine.

Reliability:

The computer is a reliable electronic
multiprocessing machine. It
processes data with high accuracy
without any mistake.

Artificial Intelligence:

The fifth generation computer
which recognizes voice is
based on artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence is being
used in gaming software and

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robotics for many years, but

operating system based on
Artificial Intelligence is not
developed yet. The Artificial
Intelligence can recognize

not only voice, but also read

the mood of the users. It is

able to give suggestions and

decisions to the users.

Quick Learn

A computer has three main units to work; they are
input, process and output.

Input unit helps to give data and instructions to the
computer system.

The keyboard and mouse of the computer are the
most commonly used input devices.

Process Unit is mainly responsible for data
processing activities.

Speed, storage capacity, versatility and reliability
are the special charaterstics of a computer.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 3553

Activity Write at least two sentences about the
Time following devices in your own language.

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Oral Evaluation

Ask the given questions in the class to determine the
understanding level of students.
y What is a computer?
y What does a computer do?
y Tellanytwoadvantages and disadvantage of a computer.
y Tell the components of a computer.
y Name any four technological devices.
y Tell any four caracteristics of a computer

Word Meaning

meaningful : purposeful; full of meaning

accurate : error less / correct

programmer : a person who writes a computer program

instructions : commands

versatile : having or capable of doing
many works

multitasking : to perform two or more tasks at the
same time
artificial :
mademade

software : a computer program

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 3737

Revision Time

á A computer is an electronic device.
á A computer cannot work without electricity.
á A computer is a device that transforms data into

meaningful information.
á A person who is mainly responsible to develop a

program is called computer programmer.
á A computer is a very fast and accurate device.
á A computer can process large amount of data at a

very high speed.
á A computer doesn't have its own intelligence.
á A computer cannot give any decision itself.
á The input unit helps to give data and instructions to

the computer system.
á The process unit is mainly responsible for data

processing activities.
á The Output unit is used to display the result after

processing.
á The processing speed of a computer is very high.
á A computer has a multitasking capacity.
á The fifth generation computer which recognizes voice

is based on artificial intelligence.

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Evaluation Time

1. Circle the best answer.

a. A computer is an …………………….device.

i. electronic ii. input iii. machine

b. A computer cannot work without ………….
i. machine ii. electricity iii. ink

c. Who is called a computer programmer?
i. A person who makes the computer program.

ii. A person who uses the computer.

iii. A person who makes the computer.

d. Which of the following is speed measurement unit of
a computer?
i. Nanosecond ii. Kilobyte iii. Megabyte

e. Which of the following is storage measurement unit
of a computer?
i. Nanosecond ii. Microsecond iii. Gigabyte

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 3993

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

a. …………………… is a device that transforms data into
meaningful information.

b. A computer is an ……………. device which accepts
input (data), processes it and displays ……………
output.

c. A person who is mainly responsible to develop a
………………. is called computer programmer.

d. A computer can process large amount of data at a
very high …………. .

e. A storage device can store ………………. amount of
data.

f. A computer requires ………………… person to handle.
g. The …………………is used to display the result after

processing.
h. The ............... is also called as information which is

meaningful.
i. A computer has a capacity of operating multi task

which is known as ………………………

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3. Answer the given questions:
a. What is a computer?

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

b. Who is called a computer programmer?

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

c. Write any three advantages of a computer.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

d. Write any four disadvantages of a computer.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 1441

e. Name any three units of a computer.

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

f. What is the use of an input unit?

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

g. Write any four characteristics of a computer.

........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

h. What are the speed measurement units of a computer?

........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................

4422 New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three

i. Write down the storage measurement units of a
computer.

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

4. Write down the meaning of the given words.
a. meaningful : ...........................................................................

b. accurate : ...........................................................................

c. versatile : ...........................................................................

d. multitask : ...........................................................................

e. artificial : ...........................................................................

5. Match the followings.

Mutlitasking Uselless or meaningless things

Data Collection of programme

Information Capable of doing verious task

Software Meaningful and useful

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 4343

5. Identify and highlight the following words from the given
table.
Input Storage Process Speed Accurate Artificial
A Z X C V BNM
RPROCE S S
T I RYATSP
I GNUCHT E
FHS PCFOE
I I TUUHRD
C J YHRT AU
I KUTAGG I
ALHE THEB
LMG R E I R T

Project Work
Use a chart paper and paste the pictures of any 5 parts
of the computer and submit it to your teacher.

4444 New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three

Unit 3 Input and Output
devices

Note to Teacher

Visit the computer lab and let the students
know how mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer
and speaker are connected with the computer
system.

Prepare a chart paper including the different
figures of input and output hardware and
demonstrate it in the class.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 4545

Look at the various inputs and output
Warm Up devices and try to understand about

them.

Computer
Device

Input Devices Output Devices
Mouse Monitor

Keyboard Speaker
Webcam Printer
Touchscreen projector
Joysticks Headset
Microphone Plotter
Optical pen

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Let's Try Name the following devices.

Teacher’s Corner

Ask the name of the above devices to the students.
If they will not be able to answer, teachers are
required to explain more about them.

New Gateway to Computer Science Book - Three 7447

Introduction

Look at the given figures carefully

The above devices are input
and output devices of a computer
system. Simply, input is the way of
entering the data to the computer
to perform the tasks. The input is
possible with the help of input devices
only. Here we are going to learn about the input
and output devices.

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Input Devices:

Input devices are used to send data and instructions to the
computer. An input device is also a hardware device that sends
data to a computer. Without sending data, a computer can do
nothing. The input devices are also called input hardware.
There are two popular input devices; they are mouse and
keyboard.

Mouse:
Mouse is a popular input pointing device. A mouse is an
electro-mechanical, handheld device. It is used as a pointer.
It can perform functions like selecting menu commands,
moving icons, resizing windows, starting and choosing
programs, etc. A mouse is connected to a computer system
using a cable or a wireless connection.

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Functions of a mouse

¬ Move the mouse cursor : The
primary function of a mouse is to move
the mouse cursor on the screen.

¬ Open a program : You can click
or double click an object that opens
the document .

¬ Select : A mouse also allows you to select a text or a file
or highlight it.

¬ Drag-and-drop : Once something is selected, it can
also be moved using the drag-and-drop method.

¬ Hover : Moving the mouse cursor over an object.

¬ Scroll : When working with
a long document or viewing a
long web page, you may need
to scroll up or down which
can be done using the mouse
wheel or clicking and dragging the scroll bar.

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