Death Penalty Information Center, Duneier, Mitchell, 106 Fagge, Nick, 384 Funk, Carolyn, 64
174, I74f Dunlap, Riley E., 425 Faiola, Anthony, 290 Fusket, Jennifer Ruth, 457
DuPuis, Nicole, 388 Falletta-Cowden, Ashlan, 158
Deegan, Mary Jo, 8, 12 Durex, 48t Farley, Melissa, 167 Gabriel, Trip, 343
Deflem, Mathieu, 171 Durkheim, Emile, 7, 8-9, 10f, 12, 17t, 20, Farr, Grant M., 307 Gaddam, Sai, 47
Delbert, Ronald J., 381 Farrell, Amy, 238 Gagnon, John H., 47
Delaney, Kevin J., 135 39, 43, 107, 112, 113, 153, 161, 166t, Farrell, Jane, 324 Gajewski, Byron, 287
Delaney, Ruth, 158 173, 350, 351, 352, 354, 358, 363, 447 Farina, Helac, 413 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 185
Della Porta, Donatella, 445 Durton, Sarah, 239 Fava, Maurizio, 409 Galea, Sandro, 198
DeLuca, Dylan, 47f Dutta, Soumitra, 138 Favreault, Melissa, 313 Gallup, 49f
DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, 34f 94, 186, Duxbury, Linda E., 317 Feagin, Joe R., 341 Gallup Poll, 425f
Dylan, Bob, 131t Featherman, David L., 201 Gamble, Wendy C., 314
194, 194f 195, 197, 197t, 233, 243, Dynes, Russell R., 435 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 170f Gans, Herbert J., 198, 439
245, 250, 296, 313 Feliciano, Cynthia, 312 Gardner, Gerald, 361
De Niro, Robert, 311 e Felson, David, 171 Garfinkel, Harold, 87
Denton, Nancy A., 241 Ferber, Abby L., 233, 234 Garner, Roberta, 443, 445
Denzin, Norman K., 112 Eagan, Kevin, 63f 355 Ferrera, Jesse, 376f Garrett-Peters, Raymond, 83
DeParle, Jason, 222 Eagle, Nathan, 145 Feuer, Lewis S., 267 Gasparro, Annie, 67
Department of Health and Human Ser- Ebaugh, Helen Rose Fuchs, 103 Fields, Gary, 411 Gasser, Urs, 90
vices, 222, 317 Eberbach, Dave, 42, 42 Fienberg, Howard, 36 Gates, Gary J., 16, 320
Department of Homeland Security, 135 Eby, Lillian T., 275 Fiji TV, 54 Gaudet, H., 143
Department of Justice, 171t, 179, 248 Economic Mobility Project, 200 File, Thom, 376 Gaudin. Sharon, 139
Department of Labor, I96f The Economist, 72, 79, 133, 210, 244, Fine, Gary Alan, 439 Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education
Department of State, 183t Fine, Gary C., 18, 239
De Pento, Jennifer, 239 296, 300, 335, 381, 384, 389, 435 Firth, Jamie, 6 Network, 341
Depp, Johnny, 131, 131t Eddy, Mary Baker, 360 Fishman, Jennifer R., 457 Gebeloff, Robert, 297
Desilver, Drew, 255 Edison, Thomas, 175 Fishman, Nancy, 158 Gebhard, Paul H., 47
Deutsch, Francine M 268 Egan, Kevin, 425 Fishman, Ted C., 289 Gecas, Viktor, 86
Devitt, James, 377 Egharevba, Henry Omoregie, 407 Fiss, Peer C., 21 Geer, Blanche, 399
Dews, Fred, 199 Ehrenreich, Barbara, 37 Fjellman, Stephen M., I 1 1 Geiger, Thierry, 138
Diana, Princess of Wales, 130, 131t Ehrlich, Anne H., 412, 424 Flacks, Richard, 70 Gelles, David, 46
DiCaprio, Leonardo, 1314 200 Ehrlich, Paul R., 412, 424 Fletcher, Connie, 102 Gelles, Karl, 131
Dickens, Charles, 158 Einstein, Albert, 104, 362 Flores, Glenn, 71 General Social Survey, 193r
Dickler, Jessica, 198 Eirich, Gregory M., 203 Hunger, Barbara, 336 Gengler, Amanda M., 400, 404
Dickson, Martin, 390 Eitzen, D. Stanley, 18 Foladare, Irving S., 101 Gentleman, Amelia, 70
Diefenbach, Donald L., 409 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 147 Foley, Douglas, 331 Gerth, H. H., 9, 198, 333
Diehl, David, 337 Elgan, Mike, 134 Fonseca, Felicia, 59 Gertner, Jon, 134, 146
Dietz, Thomas, 420 Eligon, John, 421 Fording, Ruhard C., 222 Ghirda, Bogdan, 138
DiFonzo, Nicholas, 439 Ellis, Bill, 439 Foucault, Michel, 15 Gibbs, Nancy, 276
Diller, Barry, 202 Ellis, Renee R., 315 Fowler, James H., 104 Giddens, Anthony, 67
Dillon, Sam, 343 Ellison, Charles D., 421 Fox, Michael J., 380 Giddings, Paul J., 15
DiMaggio, Charles, 198 Ellison, Katherine, 424 Fox, Porter, 423 Gilchrist, Katherine, 323f
Dinovitzer, Ronit, 116 Ellison, Keith, 378 Francis, D. W., 190 Gillespie, C., 403
DiPrete, Thomas A., 203 Ellison, Nicole B., 46 Francis, David, 342 Gilley, Brian Joseph, 271
Disaster Research Center, 436 Ellison, Ralph, 243 Francisco, Manny, 412 Gillig, Traci, 47f
Dixon, Margaret, 298 Ellsworth, Phoebe C., 16 Frank, Arthur W., 398 Gillum, Jack, 6
Dobbin, Frank, 274 El Nasser, Haya, 4 Frank, Robert H., 185, 203 Ginsberg, Ruth Bader, 271
Dodds, Klaus, 67 Elo, Irma T., 156 Franke, Richard Herbert, 39 Gintis, Herbert, 89, 331, 334, 338
Doherty, Carrill, 64 Engels, Friedrich, 9-10, 21, 117, 122, Frankel, R. M., 400 Giordano, Peggy C., 89
Doi, Hiroyuki, 290 Franklin, Ben, 191 Giroux, Henry A., 334
Domhoff, G. William, 367, 379, 266, 307, 323, 384, 442 Franklin, John Hope, 243 Gitlin, Todd, 136, 144
379f 380 Environmental Justice Foundation, 421 Freedman, Des, 380 Giuliani, Rudy, 185
Domi, Tanya L, 264 Environmental Protection Agency, 419 Freese, Jeremy, 57 Gladstone, Rick, 374
Donnelly, Sally B., 298 Epstein, Robert, 46 Freidson, Eliot, 398 Gladwell, Malcolm, 199
Doress, Irwin, 359 Erikson, Kai, 161 Freud, Sigmund, 84, 85t Glascock, Anthony, 299
Downey, Allen B., 361 Erkman, Paul, 59 Freudenburg, William R., 43 Glazer, Myron, 87
Dredge, Stuart, 134 Erlanger, Steven, 415 Frey, Benedikt, 456t Glazer, Penina Migdal, 87
Drummond, Joseph W., 372, 372 Escobar, Christina, 460 Fridlund, Alan J., 59 Glazer, Sarah, 64
Dubner, Stephen J., 163 Etaugh, Claire, 263 Friebely, Joan, 165 Glazer, Susan, 389
DuBois, W. E. B., 10f, 10-11, 17t, 19, Etzioni, Amitai, 116, 373 Fried, Jesse M., 203 Glynn, Sarah Jane, 324
21, 43, 230, 233-234, 243, 314 Eulich, Whitney, 264 Friedan, Betty, 276, 416 Goffman, Erving, 16, 17/, 38, 83, 85t,
Duckworth, Tammy, 264, 264 Eurostat, 219 Friedman, Richard A., 160
Dugan, Andrew, 175, 425f Evergeti, Venetia, 460 Friedrich, Alena, 336 86, 102, 160, 169, 270, 374, 409
Duggan, Maeve, 90, 312, 381 Ewing, Maura, 158 Fry, Erica, 274, 379 Golann, Joanne W., 334
Duggar, Josh, 13It Fry, Richard, 186, 202 Goldin, Amy, 434
Duhigg, Charles, 389 f Frye, Phyllis, 270 Goldman, David, 36
Duke, P., 400 Fukase, Atsuko, 169 Goldstein, M. C., 285
Dukid, Vanja, 46 Fabel, Christian, 254 Filleki, Blanka, 425
Duncan, Greg J., 334 Fagan, Jeffrey, 163
Duncan, Otis Dudley, 201
NAME INDEX s 505
Golinelli, Daniela, 158 Rani, Yoko, 290 Hoggatt, Katherine J., 198 Institute for Policy Studies, 194f
Gomez, Alan, 6 Hanin, Richard L., 407f Holden, Constance, 80 Interbrand, 132f
Gonzalez, Paco, 221 Hannis, Prudence, 235, 235 Holguin, Robert, 433 International Center for Academic
Gonzalez-Barrera, Ana, 250, 377, 377 Hansegard, Jens, 137 Holley, Karri A., 362
Goodkind, Daniel, 289 Haq, Husna, 321 Hollingshead, August B., 340 Integrity, 64
Goodman, Elizabeth, 104 Harlow, Harry F., 79 Holloway, Eddie Lee, Jr., 236 International Federation of
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 452 Harman, Donna, 454 Holmes, Mary, 317
Gorney, Cynthia, 454 Harmon, Katherine, 104 Holtzman, Mellisa, 316 Robotics, 456f
Gottfredson, Michael, 158 Harper, Douglas, 38 Homans, George C., 78 International Institute for Democracy
Gough, Margaret, 273 Harrel, Erika, 169 Home School Legal Defense
Gould, Kenneth, 420, 426 Harrell, Steven, 284 and Electoral Assistance, 376f 378
Gould, Larry A., 102 Harrington, C. Lee, 136 Association, 342 International Monetary Fund, 212
Government Accountability Office, 275 Harrington, Michael, 111, 210 hooks, bell, 267 International Survey Social Programme,
Grabarek, Stanislaus, 23 Harris, Elizabeth, 313 Horgan, John, 81
Grady, John, 38 Harris, Marvin, 228, 285 Horkheimer, Max, 56 63f 324f
Graells-Garrido, Eduardo, 134 Harris, Scott, 248 Home, Lena, 13 It International Telecommunication
Grail, Timothy, 320 Harrislnteractive, 36 Horner, James, 168
Grameen Bank, 389 Harrison, George, 131t Horowitz, Helen Lelkowitz, 341 Union, 90
Gramsci, Antonio, 65 Hartocollis, Anemona, 231 Horwitz, Allan V., 410 International Trade Union Confedera-
Grant, Tobin, 371 Harvey, Miles, 317 Hosokawa, William K., 248
Grattet, Ryken, 164 Haskins, Ron, 200, 201 Hossain, Ziarat, 315 tion, 122, 368
Graves, W. Byron, 164 Hatch, Orrin, 380 Houser, Linda, 222 International Visual Sociology
Gray, Diane Belcher, 339, 339 Haub, Carl, 211f 415 Houston, Whitney, 131t
Gray, James P., 174 Hauser, Orlee, 264 Hout, Michael, 193t Association, 38
Greeley, Andrew M., 352 Hauser, Robert M., 201 Hovell, Melbourne F., 165 Internet World Stats, 455f
Green, A., 44 Haviland, William A., 58, 305 Howard, Judith A., 267 Inter-Parliamentary Union, 378f
Greenhalgh, Susan, 415 Hawdon, James, 113 Howard, Matthew 0., 318 Ironside, Virginia, 79
Greenhouse, Steven, 122 Hay, Andrew, 221 Howard, Michael, 361 Irwin, Ivor, 79
Greenstone, Michael, 201 Hayden, H. Thomas, 155 Howard, Michael C., 82 Isaacs, Julia B., 201, 202
Greenwald, Mathew, 298 He, Wan, 289 Howard, Russell D., 374 Isabelle, 78, 79, 85
Gregor, Alison, 292 Health Cost Institute, 411 Howell, Tamika, 314 Ishak, Adam, 380
Grimes, Paul W., 18 Healthy Families Act, 324 Hoynes, Hilary W., 222 ITOPF, 422
Grimes, Peter, 212, 216 Heckert, Druann, 160 Hoynes, William, 143, 144 Iyombe, Zadhe, 90
Gronfein, William P., 165 Heckman, James J., 93 Hu, Winnie, 343
Gross, Lynne Schaefer, 128 Hedley, R. Alan, 217 Huang, Gary, 100 J
Groza, Victor, 79 Heilman, Madeline E., 202 Huelsman, Mark, 199
Gruenert, Steve, 340 Heisig, Jan Paul, 272, 272f Hughes, Everett C., 101, 399 Jackson, Janet, 131, 131t
Grundberg, Sven, 137 Hellmich, Nanci, 136 Hull, Raymond, 118 Jackson, Michael, 130, 131t
Guedel, W. Gregory, 244 Heiman, Ruth, 298 Human Genome Project, 457 Jackson, Philip W., 333
Guenther, Julia, 213 Hendrickson, Brett, 404 Humes, Karen R., 230 Jacobs, Andres, 422
Guest, Robert, 459 Hendrix, Jimi, 131t Hundley, James R., 434 Jacobs, Anna W., 323
Guillermo, Emil, 246 Hengeveld, Rob, 422 Hunt, Nick, 130 Jacobs, Tom, 137
Guo, Guang, 57 Henry, William, 286 Hunter, Herbert M., 238 Jacobsen, Linda A., 295f 297
Gurvey, Jill, 7 Hepburn, Katharine, 131 Hunter, James Davison, 64 Jacobson, Lenore, 336
Gutierrez, Gustavo, 352 Herman, Max Arthur, 169 Hunter, Lori M., 421 Jaeger, Savina, 409
Guttmacher Institute, 278, 279 Herman, Ruth, 287 Huntington, Samuel P., 65 Jagger, Mick, 131t
Herman, Valli, 16 Hur, Song-Woo, 444 Jain, Saranga, 56
h Hernandez, Elaine M., 411 Hum, Christopher J., 333 James, Selma, 193
Herrera, Giaconda, 460 Hurtado, Sylvia, 63f 338, 425 Janta, Barbara, 94
Haas, Bruce, 313 Hewlett, Sylvia Ann, 277f Hurvitz, K., 403 Jantti, Markus, 198
Haas, Steven A., 104 Heymann, Jody, 323 Hurwitz, Heather McKee, 443 Japan Aisaika Organization, 99
Hachen, David, 190 Hicks, Louis, 381 Hussar, William J., 263, 342f Jargon, Julie, 67
Hacker, Andrew, 379 Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, 243 Hussein, Saddam, 435 Jarrell, Megan V., 400, 404
Hacker, Helen Mayer, 266 Higgins, Andrew, 254 Hutson, Matthew, 121, 439 Jasper, James M., 443, 450
Rage, Jerald, 116 Higgins, Chris A., 317 Jaworsky, B. Nadya, 460
Haley, Alex, 101, 358 Hightower, Grace, 311 Igo, Sarah E., 33, 47 Jefferson, Thomas, 378
Hall, Joseph Lorenzo, 400 Hill, Michael R., 8 Daniela F., 79 Jen, Lars, 419
Hallinan, Maureen T., 452, 453 Hill, Stephen, 190 Jenkins, Henry, 129
Hamed, Amir, 68 Hilton, Perez, 130 Itnani, Nikitah, 341 Jenkins, J. Craig, 424, 425
Hamel, Liz, 6 Rimes, Christine L., 295 Immervoll, Herwig, 94 leaner, Caitlyn, 131t
Hamilton, Brady E. 318 Hinduja, Sameer, 130 Inagaki, Kana, 169 Jensen, Gary F., 164
Hamilton, Charles, 243 Hira, Ron, 388t India, Government of, 219 Jensen, Todd, 318
Hamilton, Martha, 406 Hirsch, Paul M., 21 Inglehart, Ronald, 217 Jesus, 355, 355t, 360
Hamilton, Vivian McCann, 98 Hirschi, Travis, 158 Innocence Project, 175 Jin, Robert, 409
Hamm, Katie, 93 Hirst, Paul, 67 Inoue, Sachiko, 290 Joan of Arc, 369
Hamm, Steve, 121 Hitlin, Steven, 65 Institute for Economics and Peace, 372, Joas, Hans, 13
Hancock, Jeffrey T., 46 Hochschild, Arlie Russell, 275, 309 Johannes, Laura, 298
Hoecker-Drysdale, Susan, 8 373f 374f John, Robert, 314
Johnson, Bobbie, 145
Johnson, Ian, 120
Johnson, John M., 37
Johnson, Kevin, 6
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 387
Johnson, Robert L., 98
506 s NAME INDEX
Jolie, Angelina, 131t Kim Jong-un, 370 Lazarsfeld, Paul, 129, 131, 143 Lucal, Betsy, 271
Jones, Claire, 255 Kimmel, Michael S., 233, 234, 265 Lazer, David, 46 Lucas, Edward, 457
Jones, Jeffrey M., 49f 191, 320, 375 King, Gary, 46 Leavell, Hugh R., 397 Luce, Carolyn Buck, 277f
Jones, Maggie, 316 King, Leslie, 94 Ledbetter, Lilly, 275 Luckenbill, David F., 163
Jones, Nicholas A., 230 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 243, 442 Ledgerwood, Joanna, 390 Luckmann, Thomas, 99, 106
Jones, Sherry Everett, 156 Kingsbury, Alex, 163 Lee, Alfred McClung, 374 Luhman, Niklas, 13
Jones-Puthoff, Alexa, 243f Kinsey, Alfred C., 47 Lee, Brittany, 138 Luhnow, David, 172
Jonkmann, Kathrin, 336 Kiser, Edgar, 381 Lee, Carmen, 47f Lukacs, Georg, 65
Jost, Kenneth, 377 Kitchener, Richard F., 85 Lee, H., 156 Luke, Julian V., 36
Julian, Tiffany, 331, 332f Kitt, Alice S., 115 Lee, J. E., 156 Luna, Jessie K., 421
Jung, Jiwook, 274 Klegkamp, Meredith, 121 Lee, Jennifer, 246 Luster, Tom, 313
Juniper Research, 169 Klein, Lloyd, 1 1 I Lee, Ji Hyun, 312 Lyall, Sarah, 321
Junn, Jane, 380 Klein, Naomi, 144 Lee, Marlene, 297 Lynn, Barry C., 386
Kleiner, Art, 121 Lee, Ronald D., 415 Lyons, Sean T., 317
k Klinenberg, Eric, 286 Lee, Soyoung, 315
Kmec, Julie A., 104 Lee, Spike, 248 m
Kabamba, Mbwebwe, 210 Knobl, Wolfgang, 13 Lehman, Chris, 298
Kadlec, Dan, 297 Knoblauch, Kim, 322 Leiter, Valerie, 397 MacDorman, Marian F., 403
Kagan, Elena, 271 Knowles, Beyonce, 13 I t Lemert, Charles, 111 MacFarquhar, Neil, 342
Kahlenberg, Richard D., 387 Knudsen, Morten, 13 Leng, M. J., Jr., 105 Machalek, Richard, 57, 447
Kalaitzidis, Akis, 171 Kochhar, Rakesh, 186, 195, 202, 290 Lengermann, Patricia Madoo, 12 Machung, Anne, 275, 309
Kaling, Mindy, 247 Kogut, Bruce, 203 Lenhart, Amanda, 90 Mack, Mick G., 84
Kambayashi, Takehiko, 99 Kohut, Andrew, 64 Lennon, John, 131,131t Mack, Raymond W., 105
Kamensky, Marian, 255 Kokmen, Leyla, 420 Lenski, Gerhard, 67, 107, 109, 110, 112, Madden, Mary, 90
Kammler, William, 175 Kominski, Robert, 331, 332f Madonna, 131t
Kamp Dush, Claire M., 275 Korean Women's Association 190, 382 Magga, Ole Henrik, 58
Kampf, Zohar, 374 Leonhardt, David, 186 Magnier, Mark, 457
Kaneda, Toshiko, 138, 210, 289f 399f United, 444 Leu, Janxin, 16 Magnolia Pictures, 77
Korn, William S., 63f 338, 425 Levenson, Laurie L., 174 Maher, Charleen P., 275
413, 416, 417 Kornblum, Janet, 454 Levin, J., 285 Maj, Mario, 409
Kardashian, Kim, 130 Kornienko, Olga, 104 Levin, W., 285 Maktoum family, 453
Karides, Marina, 390 Kosmin, Barry A., 361 Levinson, Daniel J., 290, 291 Malarek, Victor, 167
'Carmel, Tom, 333 Kottak, Conrad, 305 Levitt, Peggy, 460 Malcolm X, 101, 243, 358
Karp, Iman, 111 Kowal, Paul, 289 Levitt, Steven D., 163 Males, Mike, 172
Karpati, Adam, 198 Krane, Jim, 454 Levy, Sarah, 115, /15 Malhotra, Neil, 251
Kasi, Eswarappa, 213 Kratz, Corinne A., 111 Lewis, James, 361 Malhotra, Sheena, 70
Katovich, Michael A., 155 Kraybill, Donald, 88 Lewis, Jerry, 284 Malthus, Thomas Robert, 412, 418
Katsillis, John, 217 Kreider, Rose M., 316 Lewis, Stacy, 17 Mandel, Hadas, 192
Katz, Michael, 338 Kriesberg, Louis, 372 Lewis, Tammy L., 420, 426 Mandela, Nelson, 241
Kaufman, Sharon R., 293 Krim, Jonathan, 64 Li, Jennifer S., 104 Manlove, Jennifer, 305
Kaul, James D., 39 Kristof, Nicholas D., 219 Lichter, Daniel T., 241 Manza, Jeff, 439
Kawachi, Ichiro, 7, 290 Krogstad, Jens Manuel, 250, 251, 461 The Liman Program, 157 Marable, Manning, 101
Kawano, Yukio, 213 Kronstadt, Jessica, 313 Lin, H., 71 Margalit, Yotam, 251
Keeter, Scott, 36 Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth, 292 Lin, Jeremy, 231 Marist Poll, 239
Kelleher, Jennifer Sinco, 371 Kucsera, John, 333 Lindner, Eileen, 359 Markson, Elizabeth W., 300
Keller, Josh, 133 Kunkel, Charlotte A., 262t Lind-Valdan, Anna Bolette, 269 Maro, Laura, 457
Kemper, Alex R., 104 Kunle, Oluyemisi Folashade, 407 Link, Bruce G., 403 Marsden, Peter V., 193t
Kennedy, Courtney, 36 Kunzig, Robert, 414t Linn, Susan, 88 Marshall, Brent K., 436
Kennedy, John F., 188, 369, 387 Kuo, M., 156 Lino, Mark, 322 Martin, Alexander, 290
Kennedy, Ryan, 46 Kurz, Kathleen, 56 Linton, Ralph, 100 Martin, Carmel, 93
Kennicott, Philip, 60 Liptak, Adam, 43, 233 Martin, Clyde E., 47
Kenny, Charles, 145 Ladner, Joyce, 43 Liska, Allen E., 165 Martin, Daniel C., 2541
Kent, May, 297 Lady Gaga, 270 Littell, Caleb, 316 Martin, Dean, 284
Kephart, William M., 308 Lahey, Johanna, 287 Livingston, Gretchen, 263, 309, 319 Martin, Dominique, 67
Kerbo, Harold R., 189, 213, 216 Lajimodiere, Denise K., 267 Livingstone, Sonia, 142 Martin, Greg, 442
Kesmodel, David, 68 Lakshmi-narayanan, Geetha, 230 Liana, Sara Miller, 264 Martin, Isaac, 191
Kessler, Ronald C., 409 Lalmas, Mounia, 134 Lofland, John, 437 Martin, Jack K., 409
Kevorkian, Jack, 299 Landtman, Gunnar, 189 Lofland, Lyn H., 44 Martin, Joyce A., 318
Keysar, Ariela, 361 Langton, Lynn, 173f Logan, John R., 247 Martin, Karin A., 61
Khadaroo, Stacy Tericher, 344 Lanvin, Bruno, 138 Lohr, Steve, 287 Martin, Marvin, 20
Khan, Shamus, 186 Lasswell, Harold D., 368 Loomer, Jon, 142 Martin, Michael W., 57
Kidder, Jeffrey L., 70 Laumann, Edward 0., 47 Looney, Adam, 201 Martin, Steven, 322
Kiener, Robert, 175 LaVoi, Nicole M., 335 Lopes, Hedibert F., 46 Martin, Susan E., 102
Killewald, Alexandra, 273 Lavrakas, Paul J., 36 Lopez, Jennifer, 199 Martin, Trayvon, 239, 434
Killian, Lewis M., 433, 439 Lawrence, Jennifer, 1311 Lopez, Mark Hugo, 250, 377, 377 Martin-Cuellar, Ashley, 315
Kim, Hyun Sik, 320 Lawson, Sandra, 219 Lorber, Judith, 278 Martineau, Harriet, 8, 8, 12
Kim, Jerry W., 203 Loughran, Thomas A., 163 Marx, Gary T., 434
Kim, Kwang Chung, 248 Lubienski, Christopher A., 344
Lubold, Gordon, 264
NAME INDEX a 507
Marx, Karl, 10f 14-15, 17t, 21, 65, Microcredit Summit Exchange, 389, 390 Murnane, Richard J., 334 Northam, Jack, 389
117, 122, 181, 187, 188, 189, 191, Migration Policy Institute, 399 Murphy, Dean E., 102 North Carolina Department of Environ-
212, 238, 266, 267, 277, 323, 353, Milan, Stefania, 143 Murray, Jessica, 262
378, 384, 385, 403, 412, 418, 441, Milgram, Stanley, 154, 155, 333 Murray, Velma McBride, 310 mental and Natural Resources, 420
442,449 Mill, John Stuart, 266 Munro, Michele, 40 Norton, Rachel M., 421
Miller, Claire C., 319 Mutran, Elizabeth J., 291 Nowinski, Joseph, 292
Maryanski, Alexandra R., 447 Miller, David E., 439 Noyes, John Humphrey, 308
Marzilli Ericson, Keith M., 44 Miller, David L., 130, 313, 434, 442
Maselleo, Johanna, 409 Miller, Jacqueline W., 156 n 0
Massey, Douglas S., 234, 241, 387 Miller, Laura, 379
Mastro, Dana, 136 Miller, Lisa, 439 Nagenkast, Benjamin, 336 Obama, Barack, 15-16, 103, 157, 230,
Masuda, Takahiko, 16 Miller, Matthew, 7 Naimi, Timothy S., 156 371, 380, 442
Masud-Piloto, Felix, 251 Miller, Michael E., 231 Nakao, Keiko, 192
Mather, Mark, 295f, 297 Miller, Reuben, 374 Nash, Manning, 238 Obergefell, Jim, 320
Mathew, Leny, 156 Miller, Robert F., 163 Nation, Richard L., 407f O'Brien, Daniel Tumminelli, 45
Mathews, T. J., 403 Millett, Kate, 276 National Advisory Commission on O'Brien, Edmund, 147
Matt, George E., 165 Mills, C. Wright, 3, 9, 133, 198, 333, O'Connor, Sandra Day, 271
Mayhew, Robert J., 412 Criminal Justice, 169 Odom, Lamar, 131, 1311
Maynard, Brittany, 300 378-379, 379f National Alliance for Caregiving, 291 O'Donnell, Christine, 361
Mazumder, Bhashkar, 200f Miner, Horace, 54 National Alliance for Public Charter Office for National Statistics, 274
Mazurczak, Filip, 357 Minton, Todd D., 158 Office of Family Assistance, 321
McBride, Bunny, 58, 305 Minyard, Staci A., 90t Schools, 343f Office of Immigration Statistics, 253f
McCall, Leslie, 192 Mishel, Lawrence, 202 National Alliance on Mental Illness, 409 Office of Inspector General, 408
McCarthy, Justin, 299 Mitchell, Paula M., 174 National Association for Home Care and Office of the United States Trade
McCarthy, Lauren A., 183 Mitra, Aditi, 444
McCartney, Paul, 1311 Miyah, Ajmad, 421 Hospice, 293 Representative, 215
McCormack, Mark, 265 Mizruchi, Mark S., 379 National Center for Education Statistics, Ogas, Ogi, 47
McCormick, John, 239 Moaveni, Azadeh, 260, 261 Ogbum, William F., 68, 307, 310,
McDevitt, Jack, 238 Moeller, Susan D., 92, 92 24, 334, 337, 342
McFann, Ken, 407f Mohai, Paul, 421 National Center on Addiction and 450, 458
McFarland, Daniel A., 337 Mohammad, 273, 355, 3551, 360 O'Harrow, Robert, Jr., 146
McGarry, Peggy, 158 Mollen, Milton, 433 Substance Abuse at Columbia Okano, Kaori, 333
McGuire, William, 202 Monaghan, Peter, 41 University, 156 Okun, Barbara, 292
McGurty, Eileen Maura, 420 Monahan, Torin, 157 National Conference of State Omi, Michael, 229
McIntosh, Peggy, 234-235 Moncarz, Roger J., 3881 Legislatures, 168 Onwuleaka-Philipsen, Bregje D., 300
McKay, Henry D., 164, 1661 Montag, Heidi, 160 National Education Association, 341f Orfield, Gary, 333
McKenzie, Brian, 447 Montgomery, Marilyn J., 290 National Federation of State High Organisation for Economic
McKeown, Janet K. L., 322 Moody, James, 104 School Associations, 335
McLanahan, Sara, 334 Moon, Seong Hyeok, 93 National Geographic, 421, 459f Co-Operation and Development,
McLane, Daisann, 71 Mooney, Margarita, 387 National Institute on Aging, 292 196f 214f, 219, 265, 330f
McLuhan, Marshall, 144 Moore, Demi, 1311 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ormond, James, 119
McMillen, Robert C., 165 Moore, Malcolm, 120 Administration, 422 Orr, Bryan, 186
McMurtrie, Beth, 156 Moore, Mignon, 320 National Organization for Men Against Ortega, Mariana, 267
McNamara, Keith, 248 Moore, Molly, 219, 321 Sexism, 265 Ortman, Jennifer M., 71, 133, 229,
McNeil, Donald G., Jr., 209, 407 Moore, Wilbert E., 189, 190, 334, 432 National Science Foundation, 24 230f 295f
McNeill, Kristen, 323 Morduch, Jonathan, 208, 390 Navarro, Mireya, 230 Ortulay, Barbara, 312
McPhail, Clark, 433, 434, 435 Morgan, Lynn M., 293 Needham, Paul, 60 Orwell, George, 147, 147
McVeigh, Timothy, 173, 175 Morin, Paul, 273 Nelson, T. F., 156 Osborne, Michael, 456t
Mead, George Herbert, 16, 17t, 19, Morin, Rich, 186 Neuman, Lawrence W., 33 Oster, Harriet, 59
Morris, Aldon, 442 Neves, Barbara Barbosa, 138 Osterman, Michelle J. K., 318
82-83, 84, 85t Morris, C. Zawadi, 233 Newman, Katherine S., 304, 313 OutRight Action International, 270
Mead, Margaret, 265, 266 Morrison, Denton E., 442 Newman, William M., 241, 242 Overberg, Paul, 4
Medalia, Carla C., 404f Mortelmans, Dimitri, 309 Newport, Frank, 49f 186, 191, 355, 362 Overfelt, David, 437
Mee, Kim Eun, 444 Morton, John E., 201 Newsday, 102 Owens, Timothy J., 165
Mehan, Hugh, 334 Moselle, Crystal, 77, 78 New Unionism Network, 121, 121f Oxford Poverty and Human Develop-
Mehl, Matthias R., 6 Moskos, Peter, 152 New York Times, 203 ment Initiative, 213
Mendez, Jennifer Bickman, 120 Moss, Trefor, 456 Nguyen, Giang Hoang, 384
Mertig, Angela G., 425 Motel, Seth, 186 Nguyen, Holly, 163 p
Merton, Robert K., 12, 14, 17t, 35, 114, Mott, Lucretia, 276 NICHD, 93
Mouawad, Jad, 454 Nicklett, Emily J., 202 Pace, Richard, 145
115, 118, 129, 131, 153, 161, 162, Mueller, G. 0., 170f Niebrugge-Brantley, Jill, 12 Padavic, Irene, 323
1624 163, 1661 Muensch, Ulrike, 275 Nielsen, Joyce McCarl, 2621 Padilla, Efren N., 248
Mesquita, Batja, 16 Muffatt, Hannah, 425 Nielsen Company, 131 Page, Charles H., 120
Messner, Michael A., 40, 335 Mulhere, Kaitlin, 168 Niezen, Ronald, 445 Pager, Devah, 232, 233
Messner, Steven F., 165 Mulrine, Anna, 264 Nixon, Darren, 263 Palfrey, John, 381
Meston, Cindy M., 37, 37t Mundy, Brian, 314 NIcurikiyinifura, Didier, 138 Palmer, C. Eddie, 3601
Metzger, Jean-Luc, 67 Murdoch, Rupert, 379 Noack, Rick, 269 Palmer, Nathan, 40
Meyler, Deanna, 40 Murdock, George P., 56, 57, 306 Nocera, Joe, 160 Pan, Yi, 93
Michael, Robert T., 47 Murkowski, Lisa, 103 Nolan, Patrick D., 67, 109, 110, 190 Pariser, Eli, 134
Michaels, Stuart, 47 Noor, Abdisalam M., 145 Parisi, Domenico, 241
Michels, Robert. 120, 122 Nordhaus, William D., 193 Park, Haeyoun, 133, 255
NORML, 157f
Norris, Rebecca Sachs, 349
508 w NAME INDEX
Park, Robert E., 129 Pollard, Kelvin M., 295f Reger, Jo, 277 Ruthven, Orlanda, 208, 390
Parke, Jeanne, 140 Polletta, Francesca, 443 Register,Charles A., 18 Ryan, Camille, 72, 72f
Parker, Ashley, 143 Pollitt, Katha, 278 Reher, David S., 415 Ryan, John, 113
Parkin, Stephen, 38 Poison, Nicholas G., 46 Reichman, Nancy, 116 Ryan, Patrick, 247
Parsons, Talcott, 13, 17t, 266, 397, 398, Pomeroy, Wardell B., 47 Reinharz, Shulamit, 43, 44 Ryan, William, 198, 255
Population Reference Bureau, 306 Reis, S., 400
401t, 402, 406, 447, 449, 452 Porter, Caroline, 146 Reitzes, Donald C., 291 S
Passel, Jeffrey S., 253, 377 Porter, Eduardo, 198, 297 Religion News Service, 363
Passero, Kathy, 60 Porter, Jack Nusan, 359 Renzulli, Linda A., 343 Saad, Lydia, 49f 263, 278
Passerson, Jean-Claude, 12, 138 Portes, Alejandro, 460 Rhoades, Kelly, 313 Sacks, Peter, 334
Patashnik, Jeremy, 201 Portman, Natalie, 13 I t Ribisi-Braley, Jamie, 105 Saenz, Victor B., 63f 338, 425
Patchin, Justin W., 130 Poushter, Jacob, 144f Richards, Keith, 1311 SAGE, 298
Patel, Reena, 70 Poussaint, Alvin F., 88 Ridgeway, L. Cecilia, 267 Saguy, Abigail, 136
Patel, Vikram, 409 Powell, Gary N., 276 Riding, Alan, 198 Saha, Robin, 421
Patrick, Danica, 130 Powell-Griner, Eve, 407f Rieker, Patricia R., 404 Said, W. Edward, 65
Pattillo-McCoy, Mary, 88 Powers, Elia, 92, 92 Riffkin, Rebecca, 276 Sakamoto, Arthur, 245, 246
Pattinson, Robert, 13I1 Prasad, Monica, 191 Rimer, Sara, 295 Salem, Richard, 23
Paul, Brad, 312 Prehn, John W., 417 Rios-Arguilar, Cecilia, 63f 355 Salvanto, Anthony, 239
Pavlik, John V., 136 Preston, Jennifer, 133 Ripley, Amanda, 63 Sampson, Robert, 164, 198
PBS Hawaii, 371 Price, Tom, 147 Ritzer, George, 22, 66, 67, 118, 119, Sampson, Robert J., 45
Pear, Robert, 115, 275 Prince, Martin, 409 Samuel, Alexandra, 146
Pellow, David N., 419, 420, 421 Prins, Harald E. L., 58, 305 406, 457 Samuelson, Paul A., 193
Pelosi, Nancy, 378 ProCon, 299f Rkasnuain, Hataipreuk, 248 Sandberg, Sheryl, 116
Pennebaker, James W., 6 Proctor, Bernadette D., 34f 94, 186, Roberts, J. Timmons, 421, 426 Sanderson, Stephen K., 352
Pennington, Bill, 335 Roberts, Jessica, 92, 92 Sanderson, Warren, 288
Peralta, Eyder, 185 194, 194f 195, 197, 1971, 233, 243, Roberts, John, 306 Sanger, Margaret, 441
Percheski, Christine, 334 245, 250, 296, 313 Roberts, Julia, 1311 Santos, Jose Luis, 63f 338, 425
Perez, Kimberlee, 70 Proctor, Kristopher R., 352 Roberts, Stephen, 158 Sanua, R. Marianne, 252
Perrin, Andrew, 138 Pryor, John H., 63f 338, 425 Robertson, Roland, 190 Sapir, Edward, 59
Pervis, Chauna, 400 Pungello, Elizabeth, 93 Robinson, Kristopher, 136 Satel, Sally, 410
Pescosolido, Bernice A., 7, 409 Putnam, Robert D., 12 Robnett, Belinda, 312 Sauerbrey, Anne, 255
Peter, Laurence J., 118 Pythagoras, 6 Rodman, George, 131 Sawhill, Isabel V., 200, 201
Peters, Jeremy W., 377 Rodriguez, Alex, 159 Sawyer, Reid L., 374
Peters, Robert, 434 Quadagno, Jill, 284, 287, 292, 298 Rodriguez-Soto, Isa, 158 Saxena, Shekhar, 409
Petrigova, Alexandra, 223 Quane, J. M., 197 Roettger, Michael E., 57 Scarce, Rik, 41
Petrie, Michelle, 175 Quarantelli, Enrico L., 434, 435, 438 Rohal, Molly, 186 Schaefer, David R., 104
Pew Charitable Trust, 202 Quercia, Daniele, 134 Rohozinski, Rafal, 381 Schaefer, Lenore, 295
Pew Research Center, 141f 194, 202, Quinney, Richard, 165, 166, Rollo, William, 304 Schaefer, Peter, 136
Romney, Mitt, 16 Schaefer, Richard T., 10f, 34f 39t, 40,,
220, 220f 312, 358, 359, 417 r Roosevelt, Franklin D., 369
Pew Research Center for the People and Rootes, Christopher, 425 72, 88, 100f 102, 105, 1311, 161,
Rabinovitch, Shelley, 361 Rosa, Eugene A., 420 1624 170f 196f 215f 230f 233,
the Press, 375 Rahman, Atif, 409 Roscigno, Vincent J., 287, 296, 298, 343 241f 253f 2621, 267f 277f 279f
Pew-Templeton, 356f Rahnev, Dobromir A., 276 Rose, Arnold, 238 286, 289f 308, 354, 355t, 360, 361,
Phelan, Jo C., 403 Rainie, Lee, 141f Rose, Christina, 267 368, 379, 379f 414f
Phillips, Erica E., 411 Rainwater, Brooks, 388 Rose, Peter I., 87 Scharfenberg, David, 45
Phillips, Michael, 409 Rajan, Gita, 460 Rosen, Christine, 457 Scharnberg, Kirsten, 399
Phillips, Susan A., 162 Ramirez, Roberto R., 230 Rosen, Eva, 163 Scheid, L. Teresa, 410
Piaget, Jean, 84, 85t, 87 Ramirez-Esparta, Nairan, 6 Rosenberg, H. Douglas, 383 Scherbov, Sergei, 288
Pickert, Kate, 406 Ramnarace, Cynthia, 322 Rosenbloom, Stephanie, 46 Scherer, Michael, 185
Pico, Steven J., 437 Ramstad, Evan, 63 Rosenbusch, Nina, 390 Scherer, Ron, 104, 221
Picou, J. Steven, 436 RAND, 406 Rosenfeld, Jake, 121, 122, 312 Schilt, Kristin, 271
Pieper, Katherine, 47f Randolph, Tracy H., 316 Rosenfeld, Michael J., 312 Schlesinger, Jacob M., 290
Pierre, Philippe, 67 Rangaswamy, Padma, 247 Rosenthal, Robert, 336 Schnaiberg, Allan, 420
Piestewa, Lori, 372 Rango, Mania, 140 Rossi, Peter H., 43 Schneider, Friedrich, 385
Piliavin, Jane Allyn, 65 Rankin, B. H., 197 Rossi, S. Alice, 315 Schoppe-Sullivan, Sarah J., 275
Pincus, Fred L., 387 Rasic, Lynn, 60 Rossides, W. Daniel, 184 Schrad, Mark Lawrence, 65
Pinderhughes, Dianne, 380 Rasmussen Reports, 236 Roszak, Theodore, 70 Schram, Sanford F., 222
Pinto, Nick, 158 Ravitch, Diane, 329 Rothkopf, Amy C., 156 Schreiber, Noam, 122
Pinto, Rodrigo, 93 Rawlinson, Linnie, 130 Rothkopf, David, 379 Schulman, I. Gary, 155
Piquero, Alex R., 163 Ray, Barbara, 86 Rousey, Rhonda, 131t Schur, M. Edwin, 157, 167
Pitt, Brad, 131t Ray, Brian D., 342 Rowe, Aimee Carillo, 70 Schwadel, Philip, 40
Pittinsky, Matthew, 203 Reagan, Ronald, 122, 248, 369 Rubel, Maximilien, 449 Schwartz, A. Brad, 438
Piturro, Marlene, 292 Reddy, Sumathi, 400 Rubin, J. Alissa, 62 Schwartz, Felicia, 264
Piven, Frances Fox, 222 Reeves, Richard V., 202 Rudel, Thomas K., 426 Schwartz, Shalom H., 65
Plomin, Robert, 81 Rueb, Emily S., 3 Scott, Alan, 443
Pluss, Caroline, 460 Rugh, Jacob S., 234 Scott, Gregory, 14
Poder, Thomas C., 12 Rupp, Leila J., 310 Scott, W. Richard, 121
Podeschi, Christopher, 40 Rutherford, Stuart, 208, 390
Pogash, Carol, 336
Poitier, Sidney, 13It
NAME INDEX s 509
Scoville, David, 111 Smith, Bethany, 333 Sullivan, Harry Stack, 83 Tonry, Michael, 172
Searcey, Dionne, 297 Smith, Christian, 86, 350 Sumner, William Graham, 56, 114, 228 Toossi, Mitra, 291, 297, 386
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 15 Smith, Dan, 372 Sunstein, Cass, 139 Toppo, Greg, 64
Seetharaman, Deepa, 130 Smith, David L., 145 Survival International, 68 Touraine, Alain, 331
Sefiha, Ophir, 18 Smith, Denise, 295 Sutherland, Anna, 336 Tracey, Paul, 359
Segal, Nancy L., 81 Smith, Jessica C., 245, 404f Sutherland, Edwin H., 162-163, 166t, Tracy, Melissa, 198
Seibring, M., 156 Smith, Lawrence C., 460 Transactional Records Access
Seinfeld, Jerry, 247 Smith, S. Craig, 79 168, 169
Sellers, Frances Stlearl 460 Smith, Stacy L., 47f 136 Sutton, F. X., 105 Clearinghouse, 169
Selod, Saher Farooq, 273, 351 Smith, Stephen A., 130 Swanson, Emily, 277 Trautwein, Ulrich, 336
Sengupta, Somini, 255, 444 Smith, Tom W., 86,1931, 357f Swarm, Rachel L., 234 Treas, Judith, 192
Senter, Mary S., 24f 25 Smith, Wesley J., 300 Swartz, Jon, 134 Trimble, Charles E., 227, 229
Sernau, Scott, 67, 368 Snow, David A., 434 Swatos, William H., Jr., 3551, 356 Trimble, Lindsey B., 104
Settersten, Richard, 86 Snow, Robert W., 145 Sweet, Kimberly, 48 Trow, Martin, 341
Shachtman, Tom, 88 Snowden, Edward, 145, 147 Swidler, Ann, 55, 65, 68 Truman, Jennifer L., 173f
Shahrani, M. Nazif, 284 Soffel, Jenny, 269 Szasz, Andrew, 396, 426 Trumbull, Mark, 296
Shane, Scott, 130 Somaskanda, Sumi, 221 Szasz, Thomas, 400, 401t, 410 Trump, Donald, 1311, 239
Shankland, Stephen, 274 Sorell, Gwendolyn T., 290 Tsuchiya, Motonori, 333
Shapiro, Joseph P., 102 Sorokin, Pitirim A., 200 Tabuchi, Hiroko, 94 Than, Mia, 316
Shapley, Dan, 422 Soss, Joe, 222 Takao, Soshi, 290 Tuchman, Gaye, 267
Sharma, Shailja, 460 Sotomayor, Sonia, 250, 271 Takei, Isao, 245, 246 'flicker, Robert C., 10f 117, 267, 323
Sharp, Ansel M., 18 Southern Poverty Law Center, 70 Talev, Margaret, 255 Tukachinsky, Rita, 136
Sharrock, W. W., 190 Spalter-Roth, Roberta, 24f 25 Tanida, Shigehito, 16 Ture, Kwame, 243
Shaw, Clifford R., 164, 166: Spears, Britney, 1311 Tanielian, Terri, 409 Turkle, Sherry, 2, 21, 147, 457
Shea, Andrea, 188 Spencer, Herbert, 8, 11 Tannen, Deborah, 268 Turner, Bryan S., 112, 190
Shear, Michael D., 157 Spencer, Nancy, 335 Tanski, Susanne E., 165 Turner, Jonathan H., 447
Sheehan, Charles, 292 Sperber, Murray, 341 Taquino, Michael, 241 Turner, Ralph, 433, 439
Sheen, Charles, 1311 Spiegel, Peter, 255 Tarricone, Barbara, 108
Shepard, Matthew, 341 Spitzberg, Daniel, 425 Tarrow, Sidney, 445 Uggen, Christopher, 411
Sherman, Arloc, 194 Sprague, Joey, 44, 190 Tatchell, Jo, 454 UNAIDS, 403f
Sherman, Jennifer, 313 Springsteen, Bruce, 13I1 Tatem, Andrew J., 145 UN High Commissioner for Refugees,
Sherrod, Cheryl, 165 Stablen, Timothy, 400 Taylor, Elizabeth, 1311
Sheskin, Ira, 229: Staggenborg, Suzanne, 460 Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta, 441 254, 418
Shiao, Jianbin Lee, 316 Stambolis-Ruhstorfer, Michael, 320 Taylor, Paul, 202, 377 UNICEF, 57f 79
Shim, Janet K., 457 Stansell, Christine, 277 Taylor, Verta, 310, 443 Unionwiki, 121f
Shin, Hyon B., 71 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 276 Teaching Tolerance, 446 United Nations, 423f 459
Shipler, David, 186 Stark, Rodney, 350, 359, 360 Tedeschi, Bob, 67 United Nations Department of Economic
Shirahase, Sawako, 290 Staton, Ron, 371 Teranishi, Robert T., 246
Short, Kathleen, 197 Steel, Charlotte, 36 Tett, Gillian, 117 and Social Affairs, 413f
Shostak, Arthur B., 373 Steffen, Alex, 445 Tharoor, Ishaan, 255 United Nations Development
Shuttles, Charles D., 36 Stetter, Brian, 133 Themed Entertainment Association, 111
Shuttleworth, Jay, 458 Stenning, Derrick J., 285 Thomas, Landon, Jr., 221 Programme, 220, 460
Siddhartha, Gautama (Buddha), 355, Stephens, Diane P., 310 Thomas, R. Murray, 64 United Nations Economic and Social
Sterling, Joyce, 116 Thomas, Reuben J., 312
3554 356 Stevenson, Betsey, 313 Thomas, William I., 100, 232 Council, 193
Sieber, Renee E., 425 Stevick, Richard A., 88 Thomasrobb.com, 446 United Nations Office on Drugs and
Siegel-Hawley, Genevieve, 333 Steward-Streng, Nicole R., 305 Thompson, Grahame, 67
Silva, Jennifer M., 86 Stewart, Martha, 169 Thompson, Tony, 138 Crime, 170f, 172
Silver, Brian D., 37 Stewart, Tony, 131: Threadcraft, Shatema, 267 United Nations Population Division,
Silver, Ira, 103 Stohr, Oskar, 80 Thumma, Scott L., 361
Silverman, Rachel Emma, 147, 317 Stokes, Bruce, 422 Thurm, Scott, 202, 203 278, 279f
Simmons, Alicia D., 36 Stolzenberg, Ellen Bara, 63f 355 Thurow, Lester C., 186 United Nations Secretary General,
Simmons, Tavia, 315 Stone, Lucy, 335 Tibbits, Clark, 307
Simpson, Sally S., 179 Stovel, Katherine, 104 Tibbles, Kevin, 446 219,220
Sims-Bowles, Denise, 221 Strauss, Anselm, 399 Tierney, John, 412 United Nations Statistics Division, 313f
Sinatra, Frank, 284 Strauss, Gary, 203 Tierney, Kathleen J., 434, 436 University of Michigan, 387
Sindelar, Jody, 275 Stray, Jonathan, 134 Tierney, William G., 362 UN Women, 272
Skocpol, Theda, 186 Strom, Stephanie, 122 Tigay, Chanan, 335 Urban Dictionary, 451
Slackman, Michael, 439 Stryker, Roy Emerson, 38 Tillipman, Hava, 295 U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 273
Slatcher, Richard B., 6 Stussman, Barbara, 407f Tilly, Charles, 145, 443, 460 U.S. English, 73
Slavin, Barbara, 56 Subramaniam, Mangala, 444 Time, 264 U.S. Surgeon General, 410
Slavin, Roben E., 71 Subramanian, Ram, 158 Timmerman, Kelsey, 22
Sloan, Allan, 194 Suchar, Charles S., 38 Toensing, Gale Courey, 371 V
Sloop, John M., 136 Suchard, Maria Ramirez, 63f 355 Toma, Catalina L., 46
Slug-Lines.com, 16 Suchman, Edward A., 331-332 Tonkinson, Robert, 285 Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer, 146
Smart, Barry, 112 Suh, Michael, 320 Tormies, Ferdinand, 107, 112 van den Berghe, Pierre L., 57
Smelser, Neil, 12, 383, 432, 433 Suitor, J. Jill, 901 van der Heide, Agnes, 300
Smith, Aaron, 90, 312, 381 Sullenberger, Chesley "Sully," 284, 286 VanDerhel, Jack, 298
Smith, Adam, 383 Van de Veerdonk, Ellen, 16
Van Gennep, Arnold, 85
Van Vooren, Nicole, 24f 25
van Vucht Tijssen, Lieteke, 112
510 s NAME INDEX
Vaughan, R. M., 60 Weber, Max, 9, 10f 12, 30, 43, 47, 56, Wilson, William Julius, 115, 197, Yang, Jae-Suk, 203
Vazine, Simine, 6 117, 118, 120, 123, 181, 187, 188, 240, 314 Yankay, James E., 254t
Veblen, Thorstein, 117, 188, 188, 450 191, 198, 333, 337, 345, 352, 352, Yarchi, Moran, 136
Venator, Joanna, 202 354, 359, 368, 369, 420, 442 Wimmer, Andreas, 381 Yavorsky, Jill E., 275
Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi, 163, 385 Winant, Howard B., 229, 267 Yellen, Janet L., 180, 181
Vera, Haman, 341 Wechsler, Henry, 156 Windsor, Elroi, 271 Yemma, John, 362
Vergeer, Maurice, 381 The Week, 131, 388 Winickoff, Jonathan P., 165 Yinger, J. Milton, 359
Vernon, Glenn, 360t Weeks, John R., 211f 412 Winship, Christopher, 45 Yorifuji, Takashi, 290
Vespignani, Alessandro, 46 Weinberg, Daniel H., 275 Winter, J. Alan, 252 York, Richard, 420
Vezzani, Stephanie, 172 Weinraub, Bernard, 88 Wirth, Louis, 20 Young, Kevin, 18
Victoria, Princess of Sweden, 130 Weitzel, Peter C., 344 Witte, Griff, 186 Yu, Muxin, 201
Villeval, Marie-Claire, 287 Welch, William M., 371 Wofsy, Matt, 314 Yuhas, Alan, 250
Viramontes, Helen Maria, 73 Wells, H. G., 438 Wolf, Michael G., 388t Yule, Jack, 80
Visser, Jelle, 121f Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 11-12, 15, 15, Wolf, Naomi, 159 Yunus, Muhammad, 389, 390, 391
Volti, Ruth, 451 Wolfers, Justin, 313
Vue, Chue, 246 17t, 21, 267 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 266 Zarembo, Alan, 372
Wentling, Tre, 271 Wong, Morrison G., 247 Zedlewski, Sheila R., 93
Wachtendorf, Tricia, 436 Wesolowski, Amy, 145 Wood, Nancy, 38 Zellner, William W., 70, 88, 105, 161,
Wagley, Charles, 228, 285 Wessel, David, 221, 331 Working Women's Forum, 444
Wagner, Paul, 203 West, Candace, 268 World Bank, 90, 208, 215f, 218, 218f 308, 354, 360, 361
Waitzkin, Howard, 403 West, Mark D., 409 Zernike, Kate, 64
Walden, Glenda, 262t Western, Bruce, 122, 233 222, 253, 272, 336, 382f 390, 391 Zerouala, Faiza, 273
Walder, Andrew, 384 Whitaker, Todd, 340 World Development Forum, 67 Zeta-Jones, Catherine, 409
Waldinger, Roger, 460 White, Gillian, 388 World Health Organization, 6, 413 Zhang, Werquan, 247
Walker, Andrea C., 293 Whitlock, Craig, 446 World Health Organization Media Zhang, Xiaodan, 123
Walker, Edward, 442 Whittaker, Stephanie, 276 Zi, Jui-Chung Allen, 320
Wallem, Lindsey, 137, 137 Whittier, Nancy, 310 Centre, 413 Zimbardo, Philip G., 98, 100, 101, 155,
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 212, 214, 216, Whyte, John, 136 World Unplugged, 92, 92
Whyte, William Foote, 37 Worth, Robert F., 138 163-164,372
272, 437 WIEGO, 385 Wortham, Robert A., 11 Zimmerman, Don H., 268
Wallis, Claudia, 338 Wildsmith, Elizabeth, 305 Wray, Matt, 7 Zimmerman, George, 239
Walrath, Dana, 58, 305 Wilford, John Noble, 110 Wright, Benjamin, 388t Zimmerman, Seth, 121, 194
Walsh, Anthony, 161 Wilgoren, Jodi, 363 Wright, Beverly, 199 Zirin, Dave, 18
Walters, Ellen, 409 Wilke, Richard, 422 Wright, Charles R., 129 Zittrain, Jonathan, 381
Wang, Esther, 123 Wilkins, Amy C., 267 Wright, Earl II, 11, 19 Zogby, 239
Wang, Wendy, 311 Willert, Amanda, 310 Wright, Eric R., 165 Zogby International Survey, 249f
Ward, H., 44 William, Duke of Cambridge, 1311 Wright, Erik 0., 190, 223 Zola, Irving K., 398, 401t
Warner, Hillete, 108 Williams, Audra, 140 Wutich, Amber, 158 Zong, Jie, 248
Warrell, Helen, 214 Williams, Brian, 131t Zontini, Elisabetta, 460
Washington, Denzel, 1311 Williams, Carol J., 311 Xi Jinping, 120 Zorthian, Julia, 324
Wasik, Bill, 433 Williams, Gregory P., 212 Xu, Jun, 246 Zuckerberg, Mark, 145, 324, 324
Wasserman, Richard C., 104 Williams, J. Allen, 40 Zurcher, Louis A., 434
Wayland-Smith, Ellen, 308 Williams, Josh, 133 y Zweigenhaft, Richard L., 380
Weatherall, Ann, 268 Williams, Kristine N., 287
Webb, Lynne M., 138 Williams, Robin M., Jr., 62, 331-332 Yadron, Danny, 68, 143
Williamson, Vanessa, 186 Yamanaka, Atsushi, 138
Wilson, Edward 0., 57
Wilson, John, 442
Wilson, Kristel, 287
NAME INDEX a 5 1 1
sullect index
Notes: Page numbers in italics indicate adolescents. See also high schools welfare recipients sanctioned, 222 sociological perspectives on,
material in illustrations and their captions; cyberbullying by, 130 White attitudes toward, 232 285-289,288r
page numbers followed by f indicate gender differences among, 89 at White universities, 341
figures; page numbers followed by t job seeking by, 90, 91 The African Queen (film), 130-131 wealth and income, 295-296
indicate tables. Names of persons found romantic relationships, 104 African Women's Development worldwide, 289f 289-294
in this index are discussed as subjects; all single mothers, 317-318 agrarian societies, 110
names of persons mentioned or cited, as suicide among, 244 Fund, 219 AIDS, 47, 101, 402, 4031
well as all organizations and publications age. See also adolescents; aging; chil- Airbnb, 387
cited, are found in the Name Index. adoption, 315-317 air pollution, 395, 422
international, 79, 79, 317 dren; elderly persons Akaka Bill, 371
a transracial, 316, 316 as ascribed status, 100 alcohol consumption, 156, 156, 157
as master status, 285, 288 Algeria, 211f 322f 323f
AARP (American Association of Retired advertising, 130, 130-131 in social epidemiology, 404 405 alienation, 117
Persons), 288, 298, 298, 300 brand loyalty, 144 young people, 304, 376, 381, 458 Alone Together (Turkle), 2
global brands, 131, 132f Age Discrimination in Employment Act al Qaeda, 374
"Abolition Now" movement, 183 as mass media, 128 alternative medicine, 407, 4071
Aboriginal people (Australia), 245, 245 through social networks, (ADEA) of 1968, 297 Alzheimer's disease, 404
abortion, 277-279, 279f 280 138-139, 139f ageism, 287, 287, 296, 300 AMA (American Medical
absolute poverty, 195 agent of change, education as, 331-332,
Abu Ghraib prison, 155, 372 aerial drones, 451, 451 Association), 405
academia affirmative action, 391 332f 332 amalgamation, 241, 241f 242
agents of social control, 165 ambiguous situations, crowd behavior
careers in, 24, 339, 339 institutional discrimination and, agents of socialization, 87-94
honor codes, 64 235, 237 in, 433
women's superior performance, family, 87-89, 89 American Academy of Pediatrics, 156
sociological research on, 386, 387 mass media, 77-78, 89-90, 90, 129, American Apartheid (Massey &
335-336 Affordable Care Act of 2010, 298, 405,
academic subculture, 341 129-130 Denton), 241
The Accordion Family (Newman), 408, 408 peer groups as, 89, 90t, 94 American Association of Retired
Afghanistan, 57f 399f religion and state, 91, 94
304,313 school, 89, 94 Persons (AARP), 288, 298, 298, 300
achieved status(es) in Global Peace Index, 372 technology, 89-90, 90 American Community Survey, 33-34
in Global Terrorism Index, 374 workplace, 90-91, 94 American Idol (TV series), 135, 317
ascribed status compared, 100f, Kirghiz people of, 284 age stratification, 283-300. See also American Indians. See Native
100-101,101,106 migration from, 140
population pyramid in, 415, 416f aging; elderly persons Americans
in stratification systems, 182-183, treatment of women in, 265, 336 culture and, 284, 288 American Medical Association
200, 204 Africa, 213, 219, 254, 399. See also social policy: right to die, 299f
(AMA), 405
active euthanasia, 299, 299f specific countries 299-300 American Psychiatric Association
activism. See also protests attitudes toward divorce in, 319 society and, 285-288
Kota people of, 85 in United States, 295-300 (APA), 270, 400, 410
of audiences, 143 refugees from, 255 aggregates, 113 American Sociological Association
Black Lives Matter movement, 239, textile industry in, 437 aging. See also elderly persons
African Americans, 314, 376 activity theory of, 286, 286-287, 288 (ASA), 24
241, 374 in "apartheid schools," 333 ageism and, 287, 287, 296, 300 Code of Ethics, 41, 43
civil rights movement, 243 on death row, 174 age stratification and, 285, 285 sections of, 5t
environmental justice movement, demographics, 229, 229t, 230f 243 competition in workforce, 287,, 287, Amish, 87, 88, 359
differential justice for, 165-166 Amish in the City (TV series), 88
420-421, 421, 427 discrimination against, 234, 256 292, 296-298, 297f Angola, 211f
Hawai'ian sovereignty movement, economically motivated prejudice conflict perspective on, 288, 288t, 289 anomie, 9, 161
demographics of, 295, 295f anomie theory of deviance, 161-162,
371, 371 against, 238 disengagement theory of, 286,
impact on history, 441 hazardous waste sites and, 421 162t, 166t
Occupy Wall Street movement, 185, health care system and, 403-404 287, 288 anthropology, 4
income inequality and, 195 emergence of collective antibiotechnology movement, 458
185-186, 223, 446 interracial marriage among, 311 anticipatory socialization, 86-87,
religious activism, 352 lifetime earnings of, 332f consciousness, 298, 298
women's activism, 219, 4414, 444 oppression of women, 267 functionalist perspective on, 286, 102-103, 115, 292, 315
activity theory of aging, 286, racial inequality and, 243-244 Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 252
racial profiling of, 238-239, 239 288, 2881 anti-Semitism, 251-252
286-287,288 redlining and, 234 interactionist perspective on, 286, Anti-Slavery Union, 229
adaptive upgrading, 447, 449 single mothers, 310 APA (American Psychiatric Associa-
Addams, Jane, //, 11-12 single-parent families among, 317-318 286-287, 288t
ADEA (Age Discrimination in social mobility of, 201-202 labeling perspective on, 287-288, tion), 270, 400, 410
sociologists, 10f 10-11 Apache tribe, 85, 293
Employment Act) of 1968, 297 288t, 289 apartheid, 241, 418
ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity race or ethnicity and, 295, 295f 296 "apartheid schools," 333
role transitions in, 290-294 apathy, political, 376, 381
disorder), 342 Social Security benefits, 288, 291, 297
ADL (Anti-Defamation League), 252 society and, 285-288
512
Apple, Inc., 215f 388-389 family leave law (2010), 322 bipolar disorder, 410 social control by, 153
applied sociology, 19-20, 23 foreign aid per capita, 214f birthrates, 413-414 written rules and regulations in, 118,
Arab Americans poverty rate in, 196f bisexuality, 270
voter turnout, 376f Blackish (TV series), 135 118/ 119
homeschooling by, 342 Austria, 121f, 211f 215f #BlackLivesMatter, 434, 441 bureaucracy's other face, 120
negative stereotyping of, 157 authority, 368-369, 375. See also power Black Lives Matter movement, 239, bureaucratization
racial and ethnic inequality and, charismatic, 369, 369, 375
hierarchy of. See hierarchy of 241, 374 process of, 119-120
248-249, 249 Black power ideology, 243 of schools, 333, 337-338, 338, 345
racial profiling of, 165, 239, 249 authority Blacks. See African Americans Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 244
religious affiliations of, 249, 249f institutionalized, 405 "blaming the victim," 164, 198, 232 Bureau of Justice Statistics, 171
Arabic language, 248, 455f obedience to, 154-155, 166, 333 blended families, 318 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 36
Arab Spring (2011), 380, 433, 446 patterns of, in families, 306-307 blogging, 137-138 Bureau of the Census, 24, 33-34, 195,
Argentina, 92, 2111 rational-legal, 369 Bluefish, 198
argot, 70 social movements and, 443 B'nai B'rith, 252 249, 249f, 274-275
Arkansas, 295 traditional, 369 body image, 159, 160, 160, 262 Burger King, 138-139
Armenia, 211f Weber's classification of, "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" Burj Khalifa, 453
arranged marriages, 311, 312 Burkina Faso, 57f 2111
"artificial mothers," 79 368-369, 369 (Miner), 54 Burundi, 211f 383-384, 384
Arunta people (Australia), 9 authority figures, 154 Boko Haram, 374
ASA. See American Sociological automation, job loss and, 456, 456f Bolivia, 211f C
Avatar (film), 441 "boomerang kids," 305
Association Azerbaijan, 211f born again Christians, 358 California Civil Rights Initiative
ascending fellowship, 308 "Born This Way" (song), 270 (Proposition 209) of 1996, 387
ascribed status(es), 100, 100f, 106 b Bororo people (Brazil), 68
Bosnia-Herzegovina, 21 If, 413 call center subcultures, 69, 70
achieved status compared, 100f, baby boom, 416 Botswana, 102, 211f Cambodia, 211f 376f
100-101,101,106 baby boomers, 297 boundary maintenance, 161 Cameroon, 211f
"Baby Mama" (song), 317 Bourdieu, Pierre, 12 Canada, 48f, 211f, 3131, 330f 399f
in formal organizations, 116 Baghdad, Iraq, looting in, 435 bourgeoisie, 187
in preindustrial societies, 110 Bahrain, 133 BP (British Petroleum), 134, 215f economy of, 382f
race and ethnicity as, 101, 228 Baltimore (Md.) Police Department, brain drain, 399 First Nations, education of, 235
in stratification systems, 182-185, "brand casting," 130, 130-131 foreign aid per capita, 214f
152-153 brand loyalty, 144 global brands of, 132f
200, 204 Bangladesh, 57f 208-209, 211,f, 215f brass ceiling, 264 government health expenditures, 222
Ashe, Arthur, 101 Brazil, 48f 211f 218f 313f, 376f labor unions in, 121f
Asia. See also specific Asian countries economic optimism in, 220 physician-assisted suicide in, 300
microfinancing in, 389-391, 390 cultural survival in, 68 population growth rate in, 413f
asylees from, 254 natural disaster in, 421 economy of, 382f 419 poverty rate in, 196f
attitudes toward divorce in, 319 paid family leave in, 322f 323f environment in, 419 religious participation in, 357f
immigration from, 253, 253f television in, 144 growth of middle class in, 219 women in combat, 264
impact of globalization in, 213 basic (pure) sociology, 20, 23 native people of, 68, 305 women in workforce, 274f
Internet domination by, 455, 455f beauty myth, 159, 160, 273 paid family leave in, 322f, 323f capitalism, 382-384, 385, 3851
South Asia tsunami (2004), 21-22, 89 behavioral continuum, 411 Portuguese spoken in, 251 as cause of environmental
Asian Americans Belarus, 211f skin color gradients in, 229
Asian Indians, 245f 247 Belgium, 211f, 300 social inequality in, 450 problems, 420
Chinese Americans, 238, 245/, belief, religious, 356-357, 358, 358t tanning beds banned in, 450 conflict perspective on, 352, 403
"believer's church," 359 television in, 144, 144-145 educational inequalities in, 334
246-247,376 Bell y. Maryland (1964), 251 Breaking Bad (TV series), 135 laissez-faire, 383
demographics, 229, 229t, 230f Beloved Wives Day, 99 British Airways, 384 Marxist view of, 187, 187, 189-190,
benevolence, 64 British Empire, 210, 212
245, 245f Benin, 211f British Petroleum (BP), 134, 2151 352, 379, 403, 418
earnings of, 233, 233f bereavement practices, 294 Brown v. Board of Education Protestant ethic and, 352, 352
Filipino Americans, 247-248 "bereavement symptoms," 410 in Rwanda, 383-384, 384
interracial marriage among, 311 Betsileo people (Madagascar), 305 (2014), 333 "spirit of," 353
Japanese Americans, 238, 245f 248 Bhutan, 57f 2111 Buddhism, 355t, 356, 356f 359 Weber on, 10f, 352, 353
Korean Americans, 248, 351 WA (Bureau of Indian Affairs), 244 Bulgaria, 211f 289f 413f career criminals, 168
lifetime earnings of, 332f bias, 231, 233 bureaucracies, 117-120, 118/ 123 careers in sociology, 23-25, 24f
as "model minority," 245-246, bias crimes, 170, 170f academic careers, 24, 339, 339
Big Brother (TV series), 135 bureaucratization process, 119-120 entrepreneurship, 114, 114
246, 256 big data, 145-146 division of labor in, 117, 118t, 119 in military, 372, 372
oppression of women, 267 Big Toe Crew, 67 formal organizations and, 116 in post-secondary education, 235, 235
racial inequality and, 230f 245f bilateral descent, 306, 310 hierarchy of authority in, 117-118, program administration, 91, 91
bilingualism, 71-73, 331, 377 requirements for, 23-25
245-248 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 118t, 119, 120, 121 research, 42, 42
strong social networks of, 286 impersonality of, 118, 118t, 119, social media consulting, 137
Vietnamese Americans, 233, 248 343-344 with U.S. Secret Service, 173
Asian Indians, 245f, 247 binge drinking, 156, 156 337-338, 406 Carnegie Mellon University
assembling perspective, 434, 434, 440 bin Laden, Osama, 117 McDonaldization. See
assimilation, 241f, 241-242, 460 biology, 56-57, 447 (CMU), 39
asylees, 254, 256, 342 biotechnology, 451, 457-458, 458, 461 McDonaldization castes (varnas), 183-184, 191
Atlanta Sociological Laboratory, 1 1, 19 bioterrorism, tracking, 402 oligarchies, 120, 122 categories, groups distinguished
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder organizational culture and, 120-121
qualifications for employment in, 118, from, 113
(ADHD), 342 cattle (zebu), 13-14, 56
audience, 142-143 118t, 119, 338 causal logic, 30f 31, 33f
Australia, 48f 121f 2111, 313f 3301 small-group bureaucracies, 119-120
Aboriginal people of, 245, 245
Arunta people of, 9
economy of, 382f
SUBJECT INDEX s 513
CCI (Center for Community Initiatives), death penalty in, 175 clinical sociology, 20, 23 mistreatment of Aboriginals, 245
17, 19 economic optimism in, 220 Clinton Global Initiative, 379 neocolonialism, 212, 217
economy of, 382, 3821 cloning of sheep, 451, 457 color-blind racism, 232, 237, 387
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and female infanticide in, 219 closed stratification systems, 200, 204 coltan, 383-384, 384
Prevention), 457 growth of middle class in, 219 clothing Columbine High School shootings
media-free days in, 92
celebrity basketball game, death at, media penetration in, 1441 fashions, 437-438, 438, 440 (1999), 114, 134
432-433 as oligarchy, 370 religion-based, 261, 273, 273 Columbia (TV series), 135
outsourced labor, 388-389 CMC (computer-mediated communica- common sense, 6
celibacy, 105 political dissent in, 133 communal bonds, 164
cell phones population policy in, 415 tion), 445,446 communes, 308, 308
premarital cohabitation in, 63f CMHC (Community Mental Health communication. See also language(s)
surveys taken by, 36 respect for elderly in, 100
texting, 59, 59 social mobility in, 219 Centers Act) of 1963, 410-411 computer-mediated (CMC), 445, 446
tracking migrants by, 140, 140 tolerance for bilingualism, 72 CMU (Carnegie Mellon University), 39 electronic, laws regulating, 146, 457
use in developing nations, 458, 458 traditional culture of, 284 coalitions, 115, //5, 116 importance in response to disaster, 437
census, 412-413, 418 unionization at Walmart in, 122-123 Internet-facilitated, 139, 144, 148
Census Bureau, 24, 33-34, 195, 249, women in government, 378f community-based organizations, 115 nonverbal, 16, 19, 59, 59-60
China National Petroleum, 215f in environmentalism, 426 role in social movements, 445,
249f 274-275 Chinese Americans, 245f 246-247 power and, 380
Center for Community Initiatives (CCI), disenfranchised, 376 Code of Ethics (ASA), 41, 43 445, 446
economically motivated prejudice coffins, 294 "silo effect," 117
17, 19 cognitive theory of development, communications technologies, 20-21,
Centers for Disease Control and Preven- against, 238
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 246 84-85, 85t 430. See also technology
tion (CDC), 457 Chinese language, 455f cohabitation, 63, 63f 321, 325 cell phones. See cell phones
Central African Republic, 57f Christian Book Distributors, 349 collective behavior, 432-440 digital divide, 136
Christianity, 355, 355t, 356, 356f See face-to-face interaction and, 108, 108
211f 399f adjusting to circumstances, 438 globalization and, 213
Central Americans, 249, 249f 251 also specific denominations crowds. See crowds Internet. See Internet
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), born again Christians, 358 death due to crowd behavior, isolation and, 2
fundamentalism in, 362 physician-patient interactions and,
117, 320 Protestant ethic, 10f, 352, 353, 354 432-433, 433
Chad, 57f 211f subordination of women in, disaster behavior, 435-437, 440 400, 400
chador, 261 fads and fashions, 437-438, 438, 440 in pluralist model of power, 380
change, adaptation to, 439 353-354, 354 forms of, 435-439, 440, 4401 socialization to use of, 90, 90
charisma, 369, 370, 442 Christian Scientists, 354, 359, 360 panics and crazes, 438, 440 social movements and, 431, 445,
charismatic authority, 369, 369, 375 Chrysler Corporation, 386 publics and public opinion, 439, 4401
Charleston S.C. church shootings Church of Jesus Christ, Scientist, 354, rumors, 438-439, 439, 440 445, 446
social movements. See social texting, 59, 59
(2015), 133, 133 359, 360 communism, 222, 384, 385, 3851, 452
charter schools, 342, 343f 343-344, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day movements The Communist Manifesto (Marx &
theories of, 432-434
344, 345 Saints (LDS; Mormons), 238, collective consciousness, 107 Engels), 10f 117
Chicago Coalition for the Homeless, 43 306, 359 of elderly persons, 298, 298 Communist Party, 123, 187, 433
child care, 93, 93-94 "churning," 198 of women, 276-277 communities, vested interests of, 450
child-free marriages, 322 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), colleges and universities community-based organizations, 115
child marriage, 56, 57f 117, 320 academic honor codes, 64 Community Mental Health Centers Act
child pornography, 170 cigarette smoking, 34, 34, 160, 165 affirmative action, 387, 387
child protective services, 317 Citizens United v. the Federal Election bias-related incidents, 231-232 (CMHC) of 1963, 410-411
child-rearing patterns, 315-318 Commission (2010), 379 binge drinking, 156, 156 comparison function of reference
civil defense agencies, 436 careers in sociology and, 23-25, 24f
adoption, 315-317 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 235, 237 concealed weapons policies, 168, 168 groups, 115
dual-income families, 317, 317 civil rights model of disability, 102 culture of cheating, 64 compensation. See wages/salaries
parents and grandparents, 315, 315 civil rights movement, 243 graduation rates, 330f complementary health care, 406
single-parent families, 314f class, defined, 188, 191 media-free days, 92, 92 computer(s), 454, 454, 456, 456t, 456f
class consciousness, 187, 442 predominantly White schools, 341
317-318, 321 class-domination theory of power, 367 preferential admissions practices, 235 457, 461
stepfamilies, 318 classical theory of formal social control by, 153 computer-mediated communication
children. See also adolescents; organizations, 120 student debt, 199
class system, 184-186. See also social Title IX and, 335 (CMC), 445, 446
family(ies); parents class; specific classes college students Comte, Auguste, 8
adoption of. See adoption class warfare, 185, 185-186, 187 binge drinking by, 156, 156 conclusions, developing, 30f 34, 34f 35
"boomerang kids," 305 Marxist view of, 187, 187 culture of cheating, 64 concrete operational stage of
child soldiers in Yemen, 80 middle class in, 185, 186, 186 environmentalism among, 425
corporal punishment of, 156 upper and lower classes in, 184, impression management by, 84 development, 84
impact of divorce on, 320 184-185 media-free days and, 92, 92 Confederate battle flag, 133
Latino, labeling of, 250 working class in, 185 student debt, 199 confidentiality, 41
in lower class families, 313 class warfare,185, 185-186, 187 student subcultures, 340, 341, 342f conflict of interest, 41-43, 42
marriage with adults, 56, 57f Clean Air Act, 424 survey of popularity among, 89 conflict perspective, 14-16, 174 18
need for socialization, 78-79, 79 Clean Water Act, 424 values of, 62-63, 63f
one-child policy (China), 415 clergy, women as, 353-354, 354 collegiate subculture, 341 on abortion, 278
sandwich generation and, 291 climate change, 419, 422-424, 423f Colombia, 211f 215f 220, 300 on affirmative action, 387
socialization of, 78-79, 79, 331 colonialism on aging, 288, 288t, 289
Chile, 92, 211f 215f 272f economic exploitation in, 209, 212 on authority in families, 306-307
China, People's Republic of, 132f 211f legacy of, 212f 212, 212-213 on bilingualism, 72
on bureaucratization of social
215f, 399f 413f
acceptance of parental leave, 324f movements, 120
bureaucracy in, 120 on capitalism, 352, 403
censorship in, 457 on charter schools, 343
CO2 emissions in, 423f on child care, 94
communism in, 384
514 at SUBJECT INDEX
on culture, 65, 651 Pledge of Allegiance and, 363 index crimes, 171, 171: social interaction and, 99
on death penalty, 174-175 rational-legal authority of, 369 international crime rates, 172 social policy: bilingualism, 71-73
on deviance,165, 165-166, 166t, 167 Sixteenth Amendment to, 191 trends in, 1711, 172 sociobiology and, 56-57
on digital surveillance, 146 constitutional monarchy, 453 victimization surveys, 1711, 171-172 sociological perspectives on, 55, 63f
dominant ideology. See dominant consumer products, 396 criminal justice system. See law
consumption 65, 65t
ideology conspicuous consumption, 188, 214 enforcement survival of, 68
on downsizing, 386 effects on environment, 453 Croatia, 211f variation in, 69-71
on education, 332-334, 3364 337, 338 in industrialized nations, 420 cross-cultural perspectives, of gender views of mental illness and, 410
on elderly women, 296 promoted by mass media, 130, culture lag, 68, 146, 451, 452
on environment, 419-420, 424, 427 stratification, 265, 265 culture shock, 70-71, 73
on family, 309, 310/ 130-131, 1321 cross-cultural studies, 100, 219, 265 culture war, 64
on family leave, 323 contact hypothesis, 239-240, 242 cross-tabulation, 49f 49-50 curanderismo, 403-404
feminist view. See feminist perspective content analysis, 39-40 "cross-talk," 268 CVS, 406
on feminization of poverty, 197 control groups, 39 crowds, 435, 440, 440t cyberattacks (terrorism), 374
on gender stratification, 266, 268, 2681 control theory, 158 cyberbullying, 130
on global inequality, 2171 control variables, 34, 34 in ambiguous situations, 433 cybercrime, 169, 169
on health, 398-399, 4011, 403, 404 convenience samples, 33 deaths due to, 432-433, 433 Czech Republic, 144f 211f 2151
on hostility to welfare recipients, 222 conversion, religious, 355 flash mobs, 435
on immigration, 242, 253 "cookies," 146, 147 crowdsourcing, 435 218f 399f
on international migration, 460 Cooley, Charles Horton, 11, 17t, 82, 84, crude birthrate, 413
on labor unions, 122 crude death rate, 413 d
on malnourishment, 214 85t, 87 CS!: Crime Scene Investigation (TV
Marxist view. See Marxist perspective Cop in the Hood (Moskos), 152 Dal t (untouchables), 14, 184
on mass media, 132-136, 139t, 141 core culture, 65 series), 135 Darwin, Charles, 57
media monitoring, 133-134 core nations, 212, 212f 216 Cuba, 57f 21 If 251, 378f 384 Das Kapital (Marx), 10f 449
on Milgram experiment, 155 corporal punishment, 156 Cuban Americans, 249, 249f 251 data, 145-146
on modernization, 216 corporate-conservative coalition, 380 Cuban revolution of 1959, 251 data collection and analysis
on monopolies, 383 corporate crime, 169 cults (new religious movements;
on multinational corporations, 216 corporate elite, 367 CMU's Data Truck, 39
on offshoring, 389 "corporate grand theft," 122 NRMs), 360, 360t, 363 individual privacy and, 46
on oligarchies, 370 corporate welfare, 222 cultural capital, 12, 58 NSA's PRISM program, 145, 147
on physician-assisted suicide, 299-300 corporations, 274 cultural convergence, 129, 217 reliability and validity in, 33-34
queer theory. See queer theory cultural diffusion, 66-68, 67, 69 sample selection, 33
on racial and ethnic inequality, bailouts, 222 "cultural dumping," 136 use of scientific method, 30f
data as asset of, 146 cultural relativism, 56, 57f 58
238, 2401 executives of, 203 cultural survival, 68 33-34,35
on refugees, 255 media conglomerates, 148 cultural transmission value neutrality in, 43
on religion, 350, 353, 354t multinational. See multinational Data Truck (CMU), 39
on resistance to social change, 450 of deviance, 162-163, 166, 166: "daughter track," 291
on self-injury, 29 corporations by education, 330, 330-331 death and dying
on social change, 449, 4501, 450, 452 restructuring of, 386, 388 through games and toys, 349, 351 death due to crowd behavior,
on social control, 154 correlations, 31-33 cultural universals, 56, 57-58
on social institutions, 105-106, 118t correspondence principle, 334 education as, 329-330 432-433, 433
on socialization in schools, 89 Costa Rica, 211f, 219, 378f religion as, 350 female infanticide, 219
on sports, 17-18 costs cultural variation, 69-71 heat-related deaths, 286
on status of women, 272 of education, 333, 334f countercultures, 70, 70 ideal of "good death," 293, 294, 299
on stratification, 189, 189-190, of health care, 295, 403, 405, 405f culture shock, 70-71 infant mortality rates, 399, 399f 403
Cote d'Ivoire, 21 11 subcultures, 69, 69-70, 73 mortality rates, 402
190t, 191 countercultures, 70, 70, 73 culture, 53-73 Native Americans and, 293, 293
on use of technology, 457 courtship. See mate selection age stratification and, 284, 288 Nazi death camps, 155, 240, 252
on White dominance, 243 Craigslist.org, 233 approaches to death, 292-294, role of poverty in, 198
on women in combat, 264 "cram schools," 63 as role transition, 292-294, 294
conformity, 159 crazes, 438, 440, 440: 293, 294 The Death and Life of the Great Ameri-
deviant behavior compared, 159 creationism, 317, 362 beliefs about family size, 414-415
Milgram experiment in, 154 credentialism, 333 beliefs about gender and, 88, 266, 268 can School System (Ravitch), 329
nonconformist subculture, 341 Creek tribe, 293 diffusion of, 66-68, 67, 69 "death control," 414
obedience and, 154-155, 166 crime, 159, 167-176. See also deviance effects of technology on, 453 The Death of White Sociology
pressure to conform, 340 cybercrime, 169, 169 elements of, 58-66
socialization to, 158 hate crimes, 170, 170f, 176 global culture war, 64 (Ladner), 43
Congo, Democratic Republic of, 210, organized crime, 168-169, 176 innovation and, 66 death penalty, 156, 173-175, I74f, 175
professional crime, 168 mass media and, 129, 135-136, 136 death rates, 413, 414
211f, 383-384, 384 property crime, 172 material culture, 68, 146, 450-451 Death with Dignity Act of 1997, 300
consensus, on social organization and rewards of, 163 nature of, 55, 55-56 debtor's jails, 158
technology and, 160-161, 169, nonmaterial culture, 68, 68, 146, decision making, 380, 380
values, 447, 449 decriminalization, 167
conspicuous consumption, 188, 214 169-170 450-451 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010), 134,
conspicuous leisure, 188, 188 transnational crime, 170f 170-171, norms and values of, 61-63
Constitution old age and, 288 147, 422
176, 183, 183: organizational culture, 120-121 Defense Intelligence Agency, 117
Eighth Amendment to, 158 victimless crimes, 167, 176 religious, transmission of, 349, 349 defining problem, 30-31, 35
First Amendment to, 362 violent. See violence; violent crime resistance to modernization, 216 degradation ceremony, 87
interpretation of. See Supreme Court white-collar crime, 161, 169, 169-170 resistance to social change and, deindustrialization, 386, 388, 391
Nineteenth Amendment to, 276 crime statistics, 171-172, 176 democracy, 370, 375
450-451 Democratic Party, 377
role of language in, 58-60, 65
role strain and, 102
SUBJECT INDEX s 515
Democratic Republic of Congo, 211f deviance, 151-176 in schools, 337 e
demographic transition, 413-415, 414t, anomie theory of, 161-162, 162t, 166t sociocultural evolution and, 109
conflict perspective on, 165, The Division of Labor in Society (Dur- Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), 191
414f 418 165-166, 167 earnings. See income; wages/salaries
demography (demographics). See also crime. See crime kheim), 10f 107 Earth Day, 424
cultural transmission of, 162-163, 166 divorce, 3. See also family(ies); earthquakes, 135, 317
population feminist perspective on, 166, 166t, 167 Earthship (New Mexico), 420
African Americans, 229, 229t, flash gangs, 435 marriage Eastern Europe, 384
functionalist perspective on, 161, education and, 313 East Timor, 211f
230f 243 166, 1661 factors associated with, 319-320 eBay, 133
of aging, 295, 2951 interactionist perspective on, 162-164, impact on children, 320 Eberbach, Dave, 42, 42
of American families, 305, 3051 166, 167 same-sex divorce, 320 Ebony magazine, 131t
Asian Americans, 229, 229r, 230f labeling perspective on,164, statistical trends in, 319, 319f ecclesiae, 359, 360t, 363
164-165,166t DNT ("Do Not Track") button, 147 ecofeminist movement, 426
245, 245f law and society, 157-158, 159 Doctors Without Borders, 373 ecological modernization, 420, 420, 425
demographic transition, 413-415, nature of, 159, 159-167 "doing gender," 261, 267 economic optimism, 220, 220
sexual, 270, 270-271 domestic violence, 309 economics, 4
414t, 4141 social control of,153, 153-159 Domhoff s power elite model, 379f economic systems, 382f 382-385
elements of, 413, 413f social disorganization theory of,
Latinos/Hispanics, 2291, 230f 163-164, 164, 167 379-380 capitalism. See capitalism
social stigma and, 160, 166 dominant culture, transmission of, communism as, 384, 385:
249, 324f sociological perspectives on, informal economy, 384-385, 3851, 389
Malthus v. Marx on, 412, 412 161-166, 166t 330-331, 363 socialism, 384, 385, 385t
modem research on, 412-413 technology and, 160-161 dominant groups, 233-234, 235, 241, economy, 386-391
of poverty, 196f, 243 child-free marriages and, 322
statistical trends in divorce, 319, 319f Devoted Husband Organization, 99 266, 367 deindustrialization, 386, 388, 391
of student debt, 199 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of dominant ideology, 65 dual-income families and, 317, 317
Denmark, 132f 211f 215f 2891 3301 environmental issues and, 425
child care in, 94 Mental Disorders (DSM), 410 cultural issues, 135-136,136 global economy, 138
foreign aid per capita, 213 dictatorships, 370, 375 forced obedience to, 72 growth in, social mobility and, 200
in Global Peace Index, 372 differential association, 163, 166 in mass media, 135, 141 informal economy, 384-385, 385t, 389
paid family leave in, 322f 323f differential justice, 165-166 social significance of, 190 offshoring, 388t, 388-389
property crime in, 172 differentiation, 447 Dominican Republic, 57f 211f rapid change in, 446, 447f
religious participation in, 357f diffusion of culture, 66-68, 67, 69 Dongria Kondh people (India), 441 resistance to social change and, 450
social welfare in, 222-223 digital divide, 136 "Do Not Track" (DNT) button, 147 sharing economy, 386-388, 391
denominations, religious, 359, 3601, 363 disability, 102, /02, 184-185 "Do Re Mi" flash mob, 435 social policy: microfinancing,
Department of Defense, 454 disaster(s), 435-436 Do the Right Thing (film), 248
Department of Education, 199 double consciousness, 11 389-391, 390, 391
Department of Homeland Security, man-made. See man-made disasters downsizing, 386 temporary workforce and, 388
natural. See natural disasters dramaturgical approach, 16, 83, 851 women and, 272
135, 437 disaster behavior, 435-437, 440, 440t "drapetomania," 400 workforce and, 386-389
Department of Justice, 169, 383 case studies of, 436, 436-437, 437 dreidel, 351 world's largest economies, 382, 382f
dependency theory, 212-213, 217, 2171 disaster research, 436 dress codes, symbolism in, 16 zero population growth and, 417
dependent variable, 31 disaster relief, 135 drive-in movie theaters, 447, 449f Economy and Society (Weber), 10f
Desi (Asian Indians), 247 Disaster Research Center, 436 Driving While Black (DWB), 165 ecotourism, 420, 424
Desperate Housewives (TV series), 135 discovery, 66, 69 drugs, 157, 157f 172, 407 Ecuador, 211f
developing nations. See also global discrimination, 237. See also racial drug trade, 172 education, 337, 345. See also colleges
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
inequality profiling and universities; school(s)
aging in, 289-290 ageism, 287, 287, 296, 300 of Mental Disorders), 410 as agent of change, 331-332,
"brain drain" from, 399 discriminatory behavior, dual-income families, 310, 317, 317
cell phone use in, 458, 458 Dubai, social change in, 453, 453-454, 332f 332
child care issues, 94 232-233, 233f Asians as model minority in, 246, 246
cultural domination of, 67 functionalist perspective on, 242 460, 461 bilingual education, 71-73
cultural effects of modernization, in hiring, 232-233, 233f DuBois, W. E. B., 10f, 10-11, 17t, 19 careers in, 24, 235, 235
institutional. See institutional Duckworth, Tammy, 264, 264 conflict perspective on, 332-334,
216-217 Durkheim, Emile, 8-9, 10f, 12, 17t, 112
demographic transition in, 414 discrimination 336t, 337, 338
digital divide in, 136 against Jews, 251-252 approach to religion, 350, 351, 351, costs of, 333, 334f
effects of foreign investment on, 216 racial, 232-233, 234, 256 354, 354t, 362 credentialism in, 333
exploited workers in, 217, 218 restrictive practices by unions, 121 cultural transmission by, 330, 330-331
family planning in, 414-415 "reverse discrimination," 387 on deviance, 161, 166t as cultural universal, 329-330
feminist efforts in, 277 sex discrimination, 271-272, 275, 280, mechanical and organic solidarity, effects on income, 31, 32f-34f
growth of middle class in, 219
homicide in, 172 335-336 107, 112 331, 332f
international migration from, 417-418 White privilege and, 233-234 suicide study by, 6-7, 20, 39, 43 feminist perspective on, 335-336
labor union suppression in, 216 disenchantment phase of retirement, 291 Dust Bowl (1930s), 421 functionalist perspective on, 330-332
land use policies, 419 disengagement theory of aging, 286, DWB (Driving While Black), 165 gender-neutral, 269
microfinancing in, 389-391 dysfunction(s), 14, 171 hidden curriculum in, 333
population growth in, 418 287, 288 bureaucratic, 117 high schools. See high schools
poverty in, 208-209 distributive power, 367 created by death penalty, 174 homeschooling, 342, 343, 345
restrictive abortion laws in, 279, 279f division of labor of immigration, 253 impact on social mobility, 201
slavery in, 183 of informal economy, 385
social mobility in, 219, 219-221 in bureaucracies, 117, 118t, 119 of liberation theology, 353
television in, 144, 144-145 by gender, 266 narcotizing dysfunction, 131-132, 141
textile industry in, 437, 438 housework, 272-273 of racially prejudiced beliefs, 238
of religious loyalties, 351
dysfunctional roles, 101
516 s SUBJECT INDEX
interactionist perspective on, 336 globalization and, 212 EPA (Environmental Protection experimental groups, 39
labeling of Latino children in, 250 labor unions: social policy, 121f Agency), 396, 424 exploitation
recession and, 4
rise in formal education, 432 121-123 equilibrium model of social change, economic, in colonialism, 209, 212
social policy: charter schools, 342, men in "female" occupations, 263, 447,449 history of, 449
of women in developing nations, 219
343f 343-345, 344 263, 275 Eritrea, 571, 140, 211f of women in workforce, 272
social policy: religion in schools, 362, at minimum wage, 190, 195, 196f ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Edu- of working class, 22, 187, 187 218
occupational prestige, 192-193, exploitation theory, 238, 242
362-363 cation Act) of 1965, 72-73 expressiveness, 266
sociological perspectives on, 3301, 193t, 339 expulsion of ethnic groups, 240, 240
occupational segregation, 273-274 Essays on the Principle of Population extended families, 285, 306, 310, 314
330-337, 336t part-time or temporary, 122, 186, (Malthus), 412 ExxonMobil, 215f
status bestowed by, 334 Exxon Valdez oil spill, 41-43, 42, 422
Title IX (Education Act of 1972), 335 186, 388 established sect, 359
U.S. school system, 329 qualifications for, in bureaucracies, estate system (feudalism), 184, 191 f
use of Internet and, 141f 338 esteem, 192
of women, 337 118, 118t, 119, 338 Estonia, 211f Facebook, 138-139, 142, 143, 270,
Education Act of 1972, 305, 335 racial discrimination in hiring, ethics 324, 324
efficiency studies, 120
Egalia preschool, 269 232-233, 233f of biotechnology, 458 "Facebook envy," 188
egalitarian family, 307, 309, 310 resocialization and, 91 confidentiality, 41 face-to-face interaction, 108, 108, 400
egocasting, 139 restrictive leave practices, 235 conflict of interest, 41-43, 42
Egypt, 59-60, 133, 2111, 422 during retirement, 287, 287, 292, Protestant ethic, 10f, 352, 353, 354 between physician and patient, 400
ellarmony (Web site), 312 of sociological research, 41-43 face-work, 83, 85t
Eighth Amendment (1791), 158 296-298, 297f value neutrality, 43 fads, 437-438, 440, 4401
EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit), 191 rewards for dangerous work, 189, 189 Ethiopia, 57f 210, 211f fair trade coffee, 22
elderly persons, 290, 295. See also self-employment, 202 ethnic groups, 228, 229t, 230f 237 false consciousness, 187, 277, 442
status and, 102 expulsion or secession of, 240, 240 familismo (familism), 314
aging; retirement of women. See women in U.S. racial groups distinguished from, family(ies), 303-325. See also child-
age as ascribed status, 100
age as master status, 285, 288 workforce 230-231 rearing patterns
collective consciousness of, 298, 298 for young job seekers, 304 segregation of, 240-241, 241f as agent of socialization, 87-89, 89
declining poverty among, 297 Endangered Species Act, 424 social networks and, 104, 286 alternative. See nontraditional families
health care system and, 404-405 end-of-life care, 293 spectrum of intergroup relations, in Asian Indian culture, 247
health of, 286, 286, 296 endogamy, 311, 318 authority patterns in, 306-307
impact of Medicare on, 408 Engels, Friedrich, 9-10, 21, 117 240-242, 24If conflict perspective on, 306-307,
LGBT, organizations for, 298 England. See Great Britain in U.S. workforce, 386-389
negative stereotypes of, 285 Engle v. Vitale (1962), 362 ethnicity. See also racial and ethnic 309,310t
social involvement of, 286-287 English language, 235, 455, 455f distribution of family wealth, 194f,
volunteer work by, 287 environment (environmental issues), 427 inequality
wealth of, 295-296 air pollution, 395, 422 aging and, 295, 2951 296 194-195
women, 295, 296 climate change, 420, 422-424, 423f as ascribed status, 101, 228 diverse lifestyles, 321-322
in workforce, 287, 287, 292, conflict perspective on, 419-420, college subcultures, 341, 342f divorce and, 313, 319f 319-320
differences in families, 314f 314, egalitarian family, 307, 309, 310
296-298,297f 424,427 extended families, 285, 306, 310, 314
elderspeak, 287, 287, 296 destruction of, in Congo, 314-315 female-headed households, 314, 314f
electrocutions, 175 health and, 408 feminist perspective on, 309-310
electronic church, 361, 363 383-384, 384 income and, 233f functionalist perspective on, 307-309,
Electronic Communications Privacy Act ecological modernization approach, interethnic marriage, 252, 311
in matrix of domination, 267, 267f 268t 310,310t
of 1986, 146, 457 420, 420 role in social mobility, 202 global view of, 305-310
Electronic Media (Gross), 128 ecotourism, 420 shown on television, 247 interactionist perspective on, 307, 309,
Elementary and Secondary Education effects of consumption on, 453 social epidemiology and, 403-404
environmental justice, 420-421, symbolic ethnicity, 252 309, 310t
Act (ESEA) of 1965, 72-73 urban ethnic neighborhoods, 242, kinship patterns in, 306
421,427 lesbian and gay relationships, 320, 320
Elementary Forms of Religious Life hazards in, 396, 422 246-247 loyalty to (sa pamilya), 247
(Durkheim), 101 human ecology view of, 414t, 419, White ethnics, 252, 252 major trends in, 304-305
women oppressed by, 267 male domination of, 267, 307, 309
elite model of power relations, 378, 381 427, 447 ethnic succession, 169 marriage and. See marriage
"Elmtown" study, 340 natural disasters, 436 ethnocentrism, 56, 58, 216, 232 racial and ethnic differences in, 314f
El Salvador, 172, 2111 population and, 424 ethnography, 37-39, 40, 40t
Emergency Management Center, 436 social policy: environmentalism, Europe, 289, 455, 455f. See also specific 314, 314-315
emergent norm perspective single-parent families, 314f
424-426, 425f, 427 countries
on collective behavior, 432-433, 433, sociological perspectives on, European Union, 240, 417 317-318, 321
434,440 euthanasia, 299f 299-300 size of, culture and, 414-415
419-427, 420 "evacuation camps," 248 social class differences in, 313
on panics, 438 water pollution, 422, 422 evolution, teaching of, 362 social policy: family leave, 322f-324f
on urban rioting, 435 world systems analysis view of, evolutionary theory, 56-57, 447, 4501,
emigrants, 413 322-325
Emirates Golf Club (Dubai), 453 419, 424 452, 453 sociological perspectives on, 307-309
Empire (TV series), 135 environmentalism (environmental "exception culturelle", 135 stepfamilies, 309, 318
employment executive compensation, 202-203, 203 variations in composition of, 305f
degree requirements for, 333 movement) executive summary of report, 30
effects of technology on, 456, 456f as new social movement, 443 exogamy, 311, 318 305-306
employer opposition to unions, 122 social policy on, 424-426, 425f 427 Expedia, 202 variations in family life, 313-315
environmental justice, 420-421, experience, religious, 358, 358t, 358
experiment(s), 39, 39, 40, 40t
421, 427
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), 396, 424
environmental refugees, 421
environmental sociology, 20
SUBJECT INDEX s 517
Family and Medical Insurance Leave Finland, 55, 132f 211f, 289f 313f 330f on digital surveillance, 146 sociological perspectives on, 265-268
Act (FAMILY) [proposed], 324 Firefox, 147 on discrimination, 242 spectrum of genders, 270-271
First Amendment (1791), 362 dysfunctions. See dysfunction(s) surviving natural disasters and,
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) First Nations, 235 on education, 330-332, 336:
of 1993, 324 fiscal sociology, 191 on family, 307-309, 310, 310t 21-22, 89
flash gangs, 435 on family leave, 323 use of Internet and, 1411
family leave, 322f-3241 322-325 flash mobs, 435 on gender stratification, 266, 268, 268: violence based on, 219
family planning, 414-415, 451 Flathead tribe, 293 on global inequality, 2171 wage inequality based on, 116,
fashions, 437-438, 438, 440, 4401 flat (horizontal) hierarchy of authority, on health, 397, 397-398, 401 t, 402
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), on immigration, 253 274-275
120, 120, 121 on informal economy, 385 wealth and, 272-273
117, 171 flexibility stigma, 323 on international migration, 460 gender differences
Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 165 Flint, Michigan water crisis, 420 on Internet, 457 among adolescents, 89
Federal Election Commission, 381 Florida, 295 on liberation theology, 353 in social mobility, 201, 202,
Federal Emergency Management FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) on mass media, 129-132, 1391
modernization theory, 217, 217: 219-221,223
Agency (FEMA), 437 of 1993, 324 on multinational corporations, in surviving natural disasters,
federal government folk religions, 356f
folkways, 61, 65 215-216 21-22,89
child-care subsidies, 93 force, 368, 375 on offshoring, 389 in talkativeness, 6
corporate bailouts, 222 Ford Motor Company, 389 on physicians and patients, 405 gender identity, 270-271
family leave legislation, 324 foreign aid, 214f on postmodern society, 110-111 gender inequality
rules for discriminatory lending, 234 foreign investment, 213, 216 on poverty, 198 in housework, 268, 272f 272-273, 275
immigration policies of, 253, 253f formal norms, 61, 62:, 65 on racial and ethnic inequality, wage inequality, 116, 274-275
poverty measurement by, 195 formal operational stage of gender-neutral education, 269
role in health care, 407-408, 408 238, 240t gender norms, violation of, 262, 262:
tax policies of, 194 development, 84 on refugees, 254-255 gender-related language, 59
voter ID cards, 236, 236, 377 formal organizations, 123 on religion, 351, 352, 3544 gender roles, 88, 94, 261-263, 268
wiretapping by, 134 on roles, 101 of elderly in Japan, 290
Federal Reserve Bank, 194-195 bureaucracies and, 116 on social change, 447, 449, 450/ 453 gender-role socialization, 261-262,
Federal Reserve system, 199 role of individual in, 120-121 on social control, 154
Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 147 schools as, 337-345 on social inequality, 189, 189 263, 331
FEMA (Federal Emergency formal social control, 156-157 on social institutions, 105, 118: men's roles, 263, 263, 265
Fort Hamilton neighborhood on socialization in schools, 89 social control of, 265
Management Agency), 437 on social movements, 441 specialization of, 266
female infanticide, 219 (Brooklyn), 292 on sports, 17 traditional, disadvantages of, 263
The Feminine Mystique (Friedan), 276 Fortune 500 corporations, 274 on stratification, 189, 190:, 191 women in combat and, 264
feminism, 265, 267, 276-277, 280, 426 France, 132f 196f 209, 211f 382f on women in combat, 264 women's roles, 262, 262-263
feminist perspective, 15, 174, 19, 48 fundamentalism, religious, 357, worldwide variations in, 265, 265
anti-foreign sentiment in, 417 gender-role socialization, 261-262,
on abortion, 278 child care in, 94 362, 363
on affirmative action, 387 cohabitation in, 321 263, 331
on child care, 94 colonial rule by, 212 g gender spectrum, 270-271
on crimes by women, 172 economic optimism in, 220, 220 gender stratification, 259-280
on culture, 654 ethnic riots in, 241 Gabon, 211f
on deviance, 166, 166,, 167 expulsion of Roma from, 240, 240 Gallaudet University, 443 conflict perspective on, 266, 268, 2681
on education, 335-336, 336t hijab banned in, 273 Gambia, 211f cross-cultural perspective of, 265, 265
on family, 309-310, 310t labor unions in, 121f gambling, 244 feminist perspective on, 266-267, 268t
on family leave, 323 mass media in, 135 game stage of self, 82, 83: functionalist perspective on, 266,
on gender-related language, 59 poverty rate in, 196f gangs, 162-163
on gender stratification, 266-267, 268: religious participation in, 357f gatekeeping, 133, /33, 141, 398 268, 268:
on international migration, 460 resistance to technology in, 451 gay relationships, 320, 320 interactionist perspective on, 268
macro-level analysis and, 15 technology of, 68 gay-straight alliances (GSAs), 340 social construction of gender, 261-268
on mass media, 137-138, 1394 142 terrorist attacks of 2015, 255 Gaza Strip, 2111 social factors in, 267, 267f 268t
on microfmancing, 390 "Frankenfood," 458 Gemeinschaft, 107-109, 1094 110, 112 social policy: abortion, 277-279,
on pornography, 137 Freakonomics (Levitt), 163 gender, 21-22
on postmodern society, 112 free enterprise system, 383 279f 280
on religion, 353-354, 354 Freej (TV series), 136 cultural beliefs regarding, 88, 266, 268 in U.S. workforce, 273-275
research methodology, 44, 44 French Guyana, 251 "doing gender," 261, 267 General Electric, 389
on self-injury, 29, 44 French language, 455f human sexuality and, 269-270 generalized belief, 433
on social institutions, 105-106 Freud, Sigmund, 84, 85t income and, 233f generalized other, 82, 834, 85t, 87
on sports, 17, 18 friendship networks, 139 micro-level analysis of, 268 General Motors, 201, 383, 386
on unreported rapes, 171 fright sickness (susto), 404 occupational prestige and, 192-193 genetically modified (GM) food, 458
on White privilege, 233-234, 235 FTC (Federal Trade Commission), 147 role in political behavior, 377-378, genetic engineering, 458
feminization of poverty, 197, 197,, Fulani people (Nepal), 285 genocide, 240, 240
functionalist perspective, 13-14, 17t, 18. 378f 378 gentrification, NORCs and, 292
272, 313 social class and, 192 Georgia (country), 211f
Ferguson, Missouri, 241 See also latent functions; manifest social construction of, 261-268 German language, 455f
fertility, 411, 416-417 functions social epidemiology and, 404 Germany, 132f 211f 330f 376f 382f
feudalism (estate system), 184, 191 on adoption, 315 social mobility and, 201, 202, aging in, 289f
"fiesta politics", 377 on aging, 286, 288, 288: anti-foreign sentiment in, 417
fighting attack (atague), 404 on charter schools, 343 219-221, 223 child care in, 94
Fiji. eating disorders in, 54-55 on culture, 65, 654 social movements and, 442-443 CO2 emissions in, 423f
Filipino Americans, 245f, 247-248 on death penalty, 173-174 family leave practices in, 322
The Filter Bubble (Pariser), 134 on deviance, 161, 166, 1661 gender inequality in housework, 2721
financial aid, 199 homeschool proponents in, 342
under Nazi rule, 155, 240, 252
518 s SUBJECT INDEX
poverty rate in, 196/ income inequality and, 194 grandparents, 315, 315 growth rate of society, 413
religious participation in, 357f labor unions and, 122 Grandparents as Parents, 315 GSAs (gay-straight alliances), 340
women in workforce, 274f social policy: transnationals, 458-461, graphs, 49f 49-50 Guatemala, 89, 172, 211f
gerontology, 285-286, 288 "graying of America," 295f Guinea, 57f 211f
Gesellschaft, 107-109, 109t, 112 459f 461 Guinea-Bissau, 2111
Ghana, 211f Global Mental Health Summit, 409 295-298,296f Guinness Book of World Records, 284
G.I. Joe "action figure," 262 "global office," 214-215, 388 Gray Panthers, 100 gun control, 168, 168
glass ceiling, 233, 274 global organizations, mobilization Great Britain, 132f, 211f 218f Gypsies (Roma), 240, 240
glass escalator, 275
Glee (TV series), 135 against, 441 330f 382f h
global brands, 131, 132f Global Peace Index, 372, 373f acceptance of parental leave, 324f
global community global perspective, 21, 21 cohabitation in, 321 Haiti, 135, 211f 317, 378f 399f
Aboriginal people (Australia), colonial mistreatment of hajj, 357, 358, 358
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, hand signals, 60
245, 245 107-109,1091 Aboriginals, 245 hangings, 175
aging in Japan, 290 difficulty attaining pluralism, 242 Harvey Milk High School, 341
cultural survival, 68 on inequities in health care, 399 foreign aid per capita, 214f hate crimes, 170, 170f 176
environmental refugees, 421 mechanical and organic solidarity, 107 in Global Terrorism Index, 374 Hate Crimes Statistics Act of 1990,
fair trade coffee, 22 on new social movements, 443-444 government health expenditures, 222
gender-neutral education, 269 on social structure, 107-112 Industrial Revolution in, 110, 121, 170, 232
global disconnect, 138, 138 sociocultural evolution approach, Hawai'i, 247, 248, 371, 371
"global village," 67 382, 385 Hawthorne effect, 39
Hawai'ian sovereignty movement, 109-112,1101 media-free days in, 92 health, 402
global power elite, 379 ownership of industry in, 384
371, 371 global recession of 2008, 4, 5 poverty rate in, 196f conflict perspective on, 398-399,
hijab and veil, 273, 273 premarital cohabitation in, 63f 403, 404
polyandry, 305, 306 age bias in employment and, 297-298 property crime in, 172
population policy in China, 415 consequences for labor unions, 122 religious participation in, 357f effects of environment on, 419, 422
postmodern societies, 111, 111 costs of health care and, 405 television in, 135 of elderly persons, 286, 286, 296
poverty v. affluence, 210, 2111 deindustrialization and downsizing voting in, 376f 460 end-of-life care, 293
social mobility, 220, 220 women in workforce, 274f functionalist perspective on, 397,
women in combat, 264, 264 due to, 386 Great Recession. See global recession
women's social movements, 444, 444 drop in population growth and, 417 397-398,402
global disconnect, 138, 138 effects of, 194, 222, 223, 309, 453 of 2008 interactionist perspective on,
global divide, 209, 209-210, 210, 211f environmentalism and, 426 Great White, 432, 433
global economy, 138 executive compensation and, 203, 203 Greece, 183, 211f 215f 289f 399-400, 400
"global factories," 214 government bailouts during, 383 greenhouse gases, 420 labeling theory on, 400, 4011, 402, 411
global inequality, 207-223 home loan practices during, 234 Greenpeace, 426, 445 malnourishment, 213-214
conflict perspective on, 2171 inequality in housework and, 272-273 gross national income, 211f 213, mental illness. See mental illness
dependency theory of, 212, 2I71 lower birth rate and, 417 "popular health movement," 405
functionalist perspective on, 217t sharing economy and, 387 214f, 215f poverty and, 403
"global divide," 209-210, 210 social networks and, 104 group(s), 113-116. See also intergroup social epidemiology and,
modernization theory of, 217, 217: student debt and, 199
multinational corporations and, 215f global refugee crisis, 254:, 254-255, 255 relations 402-408, 403f
poverty worldwide, 210, 211f 213 global social change, 452-461 adherence to norms of, 61 sociological perspectives on,
social policy: welfare, 221, 221-223 global sociology, 12, 13 affiliation, suicide and, 7
sociological perspectives on, 2171 Global Terrorism Index, 373-374, 374f coalitions, 115, 115, 116, 380, 426 397-400, 401:
stratification in world system, global torrent, 144 defined, 103 health care, 405f, 405-408
global view of family dominant, 233-234, 235, 241,
209-217, 211f sociological perspectives, 307-310 alternative medicine, 407, 407f
world systems analysis of, 212f universal principles, 305-307 266, 367 costs of, 295, 403, 405, 405f
global view of war, 371 ethnic. See ethnic groups government-supported, 399
212-213, 217, 217t "global village," 67, 144 hierarchy of. See stratification historical view of, 405
global issues global warming, 419, 420, in-groups and out-groups, humanistic approach to, 405-406
inequities in, 399
abortion, 277-279, 279f 280 422-424, 423f 114,116 in-store clinics, 406, 406
aging, 289f 289-294 GM (genetically modified) food, 458 kinship groups, 306 for mental illness, 410, 410-411
families, 305-310 goal displacement, 118 Marxist view of, 10 physicians and patients, 405-4.06
global culture war, 64 Goffman, Erving, 16, 174 83-84, 854 87 minorities. See minority groups racism in, 403-404
Internet, 455, 455f "good death," 293, 294, 299 observation of, 37-38 role of government in, 407-408, 408
reach of mass media, 144/ Goodyear, 275 oligarchies as ruling groups, 370 treatment of traumatic injury, 457
Google, 130, 1314 134, 388 online tribalism, 130 health insurance, 403, 404f 410, 442
144-145,148 Google Street View, 145 peer groups, 89, 901, 94, 153, 340-341 Healthy Families Act (proposed), 324
refugee crisis, 254-255 government, 370 primary and secondary, 113, 1134 Healthy Marriage and Responsible
symbols, 60, 60
trafficking of sex workers, 44, 44 as agent of socialization, 91, 94 114, 116 Fatherhood Initiative, 321
world hunger, 412 democracy, 370, 375 publics, 439, 4401 Heaven's Gate cult, 360
world population patterns, 413-415 dictatorships, 370, 375 racial groups, 228-231, 237 herbal medicines, 407
worldwide status of women, 272-273 handouts by, in Dubai, 453-454 reference groups. See reference groups heritage camps, 316
globalization, 21, 21 monarchy, 370, 375, 453 small groups, 119-120 heterosexuality, 61
concentrations of power and, 368 oligarchies, 120, 122, 370, 375 social control by, 153 hidden curriculum, 333
cultural diffusion due to, 67 ownership of industry by, 384 societies, 55 hierarchy of authority
effect on immigrants, 459-460 power and authority of, 368 status groups, 188, 191
impact of, 212, 213, 217 regulation of economic relations, 383 studies of, 11 in bureaucracies, 117-118, 118:, 119,
totalitarian, 370, 370 ultraconservative militias, 70, 70 120, 121
of U.S. See federal government Utopian, 308, 308
Grand Mosque (Mecca), 357, 358, 358 group norms, 61, 159 flat (horizontal), 120, 120
group solidarity, 107, 228 in schools, 337
SUBJECT INDEX a 519
high schools, 336 definitions of deviance, 270, 270-271 population growth and, 416-417 occupational segregation in, 273-274
shootings, 114, 133-134 gender and, 269-270 restrictions on, 459 organized labor in, 216
stigmatization in, 336 heterosexuality, 61 social mobility and, 202 secularization in, 357
subcultures, 340-341 homosexuality. See homosexuality U.S. policies on, 253, 253f social mobility in, 218-219
labeling and, 269-271 Immigration Act of 1965, 247 Industrial Revolution, 110, 121, 382, 385
hijab, 273, 273 in Oneida Community, 308 Immigration and Naturalization Service, industrial societies, 9, 110, 110t,
Hill-Burton Act of 1946, 407 premarital cohabitation, 63
Hinduism, 353, 355,, 356, 356f regulation of, as function of 247, 342 382, 385
Immigration Reform and Control Act of industry(ies)
caste system under, 184 family, 308
cow as sacred in, 13-14, 56 role of mass media in, 130 1986, 253 deindustrialization, 386, 388, 391
hiring, racial discrimination in, romantic relationships, 104 impersonality, bureaucratic, 118, 1181 in developing nations, 437, 438
sex education, 332 "global office," 214-215, 388
232-233, 233f sexual expression on Internet, 139 119, 337-338, 406 government-owned, 384
"Hispandering", 377 sexual norms, 308 impression management, 83, 84, 85t, resistance to regulation of, 450
Hispanics. See Latinos/Hispanics sociological research on, 37, 37t, 47f service industries, 214-215, 386-388
history, 4, 441, 449 87, 312 inequality
HIV/AIDS, 47, 101, 402, 403f 47-48, 48f incest taboo, 311-312 in access to Internet, 454
holistic medicine, 407, 408 human trafficking, 44, 44, 183, 1831 inclusion, 449 as determinant of human behavior,
Holocaust, 155, 240, 351 Human Trafficking Report, 183t income, 181, 218f
Homeland (TV series), 135 Hungary, 211f 215f, 218f 3301 209-210
homeschooling, 342, 343, 345 hunting-and-gathering societies, 109, aging and, 295-296 educational, 334
homicide, 172, 219 distribution of, 186, 186, 195, gender inequality. See gender
homogamy, 312, 318 109-110,190
homophobia, 262 Hurricane Katrina (2005), 21, 135, 198, 218, 218f inequality
homosexuality dual-income families, 310, 317, 317 in income. See income inequality
344, 421 effects of education on, 31, 32f-34f by race or ethnicity. See racial and
labeled as mental disorder, 270, disaster response following,
400, 410 331, 332f ethnic inequality
436-437, 437 gross national income, 211f, 213, in social institutions. See social
lesbian and gay relationships, 320, 320 study of, 5-6
LGBT persons. See lesbian, gay, Hutterites, 359 214f 2151 inequality
hyperconsumerisrn, 1 1 1, 130 lifetime earnings, 332f worldwide. See global inequality
bisexual, and transgender persons hyper-local media, 135-136 mean household income, 194, 1941 infanticide, female, 219
prejudice against, 262 hypertension, 403 national, per capita, 211f infant mortality rates, 399, 399f,
queer theory on, 135 hypotheses by race, ethnicity, and gender, 233f
Honduras, 172, 211/ contact hypothesis, 239-240, 242 stratification by, 193-195, 194f 403,413
honeymoon phase of retirement, 291 formulating, 30f 31-33, 35 use of Internet and, 139, 141f influence, 368, 375
Hong Kong, 92, 211f Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 59 of women, increase in, 202 informal economy, 384-385, 3851, 389
Hopi tribe, 293 support for, 34, 34f income inequality, 193-195, 223 informal groups, 120
horizontal (flat) hierarchy of authority, causes of, 180-181 informal norms, 61, 621, 65
Iceland, 631, 321, 372 mean household income, 194, 194f informal social control, 155-156
120, 120 Ice Road Truckers (TV series), 189 racial discrimination in hiring and, in-groups, 114, 116
horizontal social mobility, 200 ID (intelligent design), 362, 362 innovation, 66, 69, 162, 1621, 163
horticultural societies, 110 ideal minorities, 245-246, 246, 256 232-233, 233f innovators, 12
hospice care, 293 ideal types, 9, 117, 118, 360, 360, independent variable, 31 inpatient treatment of mental illness,
housework, 268, 272-273, 275 identity theft, 169, 169 index crimes, 171, 1711
housing issues, 44-45, 45f 233, Ikebukuro Honcho, 290 India, 57f, 144f, 211f 242, 313f 410, 410-411
illegal abortions, 279 Instagram, 143
234, 241 illegal immigration, 253, 461 acceptance of parental leave, 324f institutional discrimination, 105-106,
Hudson City Savings Bank, 234 IMDb (Internet Movie Database), 1311 call center subcultures in, 69, 70
Hull House, 11 immigrant(s), 413 CO2 emissions in, 423f 237, 237
human behavior Dongria Kondh people, 441 preferential admissions as, 235, 237
children, socialization through economy of, 382f racial, 234-235
conforming v. deviant, 159 education, 331 female infanticide in, 219 slavery and, 243
crowds. See collective behavior; growth of middle class in, 219 voting rights, 236, 236
early Chinese immigrants, 246-247 human sexual behavior in, 48f against women, 271-272, 280
crowds effect of globalization on, 459-460 infant mortality rates, 399f in-store health clinics, 406, 406
discriminatory, 232-233, 233f illegal, 253, 461 microfinancing in, 389 instrumentality, 266
early explanations for, 161 importance of religion to, 351 partitioning of (1947), 240 intelligent design (ID), 362, 362
inequality as determinant of, 209-210 in organized crime, 169 population growth in, 413f, 416f interactionist perspective, 16, 171, 18-19
influence of culture on, 55 refugees contrasted with, 254 premarital cohabitation in, 63f on adoption, 315
learning of, 162-163 workers, 21, 453, 460 religious violence in, 351 on aging, 286, 286-287, 2881
mass media and, 142 immigration. See also migration social mobility in, 219 on charismatic authority, 369
mental illness and. See mental illness from Asia, 253, 253f television in, 144 on child care, 93
norms of, 61-63 assimilation and, 460 voter turnout, 376f on collective behavior, 434
political. See politics (political conflict perspective on, 242, 253 women in government, 378f on culture, 55, 65:
controversy over, 254-255, 256 women's social movements in, on deviance, 162-164, 166, 166t, 167
behavior) functionalist perspective on, 253 on digital surveillance, 146
sexual. See human sexuality illegal, 253, 461 443, 444 on education, 336, 336:
small-group behavior, 120 from Latin America, 229, 253, 253f Indian Gambling Regulatory Act of on family, 307, 309, 309
social behavior, 106, 400 Muslims, ban on, 239 on family leave, 323
stigmatization of, 160 1988, 244 on gender stratification, 268
human ecology, 414,, 419, 427, 447 Indonesia, 211f 322f, 323f 460 on health, 399-400, 400, 4011
human relations approach, 120 industrialized nations on international migration, 460
human rights movement, 443-444 on mass media, 138-139, 139f
human sexuality child care in, 94
bisexuality, 270 consumption in, 420 1391, 142
celibacy, 105 deindustrialization, 386, 388, 391
demographic transition in, 414
internal migration in, 418
520 s SUBJECT INDEX
on mental illness, 409 social movements and, 445 "cram schools," 63 on health, 400, 401t, 402, 411
on microfinancing, 390 website "cookies," 146, 147 economic optimism in, 220 on mental illness, 409
on Milgram experiment, 155 Internet Movie Database (IMDb), 1311 economy of, 382f on racial and ethnic inequality,
on physicians and patients, 405, 406 Interpol (International Criminal Police education in, 333, 336
on racial and ethnic inequality, health practices in, 397 238-239, 239, 240t
Organization), 170-171 labor unions in, 121f stigmatization in high schools, 336
239-240, 240: interracial marriage, 62, 241, 311, 311 marriage in, 99 labor
on religious rituals, 357 intersectionalities, 15 sexual harassment in, 265 exploitation of. See migrant laborers
on self-injury, 29 interviews, 35, 37, 40 social customs of, 70-71 outsourced labor, 388-389
on single-parent families, 317 intimidation, 170 television in, 135 of women, value of, 192
on small-group behavior, 120 intragenerational social mobility, treatment of disabled in, 102 labor force. See workforce
on social institutions, 105-106, 118: women in workforce, 274f labor market, globalization of, 459
on social reality, 100 200, 200 Japanese Americans, 238, 245f 248 labor unions
on sports, 18 invention, 66, 69 Japanese language, 455f social policy on, 121f 121-123
on stratification, 188, 188, 190t, 191 Invisible Man (Ellison), 243 Japanese Welfare Network, 290 suppression of, 216
on subcultures, 70 involuntary retirement, 291-292 Jehovah's Witnesses, 359 worldwide issues for, 443-4.44
on women in combat, 264 Iowa, 295 Jewish Americans, 169, 251-252, 252 laissez-faire capitalism, 383
interethnic marriage, 252, 311 Iran, Islamic Republic of, 218f Jewish toys, 349, 351 Lakota tribe, 293
intergenerational social mobility, 200, Jews, 155, 240, 351 land use policies, 419
260-261, 374, 378f jihad, 261 language(s). See also specific languages
200f 218-219, 223 Iraq, 57f 211f 435 Jim Crow laws, 243 bilingualism, 71-73, 331, 377
intergroup relations Jordan, 144f 211f 378f diversity of, in Latin America, 251
Abu Ghraib prison, 155, 372 Judaism, 351, 355t, 356, 356f elderspeak, 287, 287, 296
amalgamation, 241 death penalty in, 175 Jurassic World (film), 131 English-only rules, 235
assimilation, 241-242 in Global Terrorism Index, 374 gender-neutral, 269
genocide, 240, 240 migration from, 140 k gender-related, 59
pluralism, 242 social norms in, 62 Hebrew, 252
segregation, 241 Ireland, 211f Kaliai people (South Pacific), 293 Internet, languages used on, 455f
spectrum of, 240-242, 241f foreign aid per capita, 214f kava kava, 407 nonverbal communication, 16, 19, 59,
Internal Displacement Monitoring gender inequality in housework, 272f Kazakhstan, 211f
gross national income of, 215f Kenya, 145, 211f, 219 59-60
Center, 421 property crime in, 172 Kindergeld, 322 preservation of, 58, 59
internal migration, 418 religious participation in, 357f Kinsey Report, 47 role in culture, 58-60, 65
international adoption, 79, 79, 317 Irish Americans, 169, 252 kinship, 306, 310 terms for sexual behavior, 270-271
International Center for Academic Iron Chef (TV series), 135 Kirghiz people (Afghanistan), 284 written and spoken, 58, 58-59
iron law of oligarchy, 120, 122 Kitzmiller v. Dove Area School District Laos, 2111
Integrity, 64 "Isabelle," 78-79 Laotians, 233
international crime rates, 172 ISIS, 374 (2005), 362 latent functions, 14, 17t
International Criminal Police Organiza- Islam, 351, 355t, 355-356, 356f See Kiwai Papuan people (New Guinea), 189 of education, 330-331
Koran (Qur'an), 248, 378 of religion, 350
tion (Interpol), 170-171 also Muslims Korean Americans, 245f 248, 351 Latin America
International Labour Organization, as ecclesia, 359 Korean language, 455f attitudes toward divorce in, 319
hat j 357, 358, 358 Korean Women's Association United diversity of language in, 251
183, 322 Islamic extremist websites, 446 immigration from, 229, 253, 253f
international migration, 417, isolation, impact of, 9, 78-79 (KWAU), 444, 444 impact of globalization in, 213
case of Isabelle, 78-79 Kosovo, 140 life expectancy in, 399
417-418, 460 case of Romanian orphans, 79, 79 Kota people (Africa), 85 religious activists in, 352
International Monetary Fund, 213 influence of heredity on, 80-81 Kraft Foods, 139 skin color gradients in, 228-229
International Red Cross, 373, 421, 436 primate studies of, 79 Ku Klux Klan, 231, 243, 446 television in, 135
international trade, 22, 373 self as product of social interaction, Kuwait, 3781 Latinos/Hispanics, 256. See also specific
International Women Count KWAU (Korean Women's Association
82-87 subgroups
Network, 192 suicide and, 7 United), 444, 444 in "apartheid schools," 333
Internet, 89-90, 134, 405 technology and, 2 Kyoto Protocol of 1997, 423 demographics, 2294 230f 249, 324f
on transnationals, 460 Kyrgyzstan, 21If differential justice for, 165-166
communication facilitated by, 139, Israel, 21 If 264, 330f 351 extended families, 285
144, 148 Italian Americans, 169, 252 labeling, 250 family life, 267, 314-315
Italy, I32f 21If 289f 376f 382f of disabled persons, 300 hazardous waste sites and, 421
cyberbullying, 130 divorce discouraged in, 319 homosexuality as mental disorder, health care system and, 403-404
dating on, 46, 311, 312, 315 population pyramid in, 415, 416f 270, 400, 410 income inequality and, 195
education on, 141f, 338 women in workforce, 274f human sexuality and, 269-271 interracial marriage among, 311
expansion of, 454 "Iyeska: Notes from Mixed-Blood self-identity and, 269, 270, 270-271 labeling of, in school, 250
"Facebook envy," 188 social class and, 164 lifetime earnings of, 332f
functionalist perspective on, 457 Country" (Trimble), 227 male domination of family, 267
gatekeeping on, 133 lyombe, Zadhe, 90 labeling theory, 164, 164-465, 1664 167 oppression of women, 267
global profile of, 455, 455f agents of social control and, 165 political activity of, 250, 377, 377
impact on religion, 361 J on aging, 287-288, 2881, 289 racial and ethnic inequality and, 249f
inequality in access to, 454 Jamaica, 211f on deviance, 164, 164-165, 1661
Islamic extremist websites, 446 Japan, 132f 211f 214f 330f 399f 249-251
languages used on, 455f redlining and, 234
new forms of communication on, aging in, 289, 289f 290 rites of passage, 85
attack on Pearl Harbor, 248 single-parent families among, 317
138-139 child care in, 94
online bigotry, 233 CO2 emissions in, 423f
online politicking, 381
patient information on, 405
search filters, 134, 134
self-injury sites on, 29
sexual expression on, 139
Slender Man, 438-439
SUBJECT INDEX • 521
Latinos/Hispanics-Cont. Lipstick Jihad (Moaveni), 260 recession and, 4 mate selection, 311-312, 313f 318
social mobility of, 202 literature review, 30f 31, 35, 50 same-sex marriage, 305, 306, 320, aspects of, 311, 311-312
strong social networks of, 286 Lithuania, 211f love relationship and, 312
looking-glass self, 82, 85:, 87 320, 325
Latvia, 211f 289f looting, 435 women's employment and, 275 matriarchy, 307
law(s). See also specific laws Los Angeles, California, 422 Martineau, Harriet, 8, 8, 12 matrilineal descent, 306, 310
The Los Angeles Times, 130 Marx, Karl, 9-10, 10f, 174 21, 117 matrix of domination, 267, 267f
antitrust legislation, 383 love relationship, 312 on history, 449
anti-union, 122 lower class, 184-185, 189, 313, 402 response to Malthusian theory, 268, 268:
deviance and, 157-158, 159 lower-middle class, 185 Mauritania, 211f
as formal norms, 61 Luddites, 451 412, 412 Mauritius, 2111
as governmental social control, Luxembourg, 213 on socialist societies, 384, 385 McDonaldization
Lyft, 387 view of democracy, 378, 379
157-158 lynchings, 243 view of stratification, 187, 187, of biotechnology, 457
Jim Crow laws, 243 of health care, 406, 406
minimum-wage laws, 190 m 191, 212 of society, 66-67, 119, 119
no-fault divorces, 319 writings of, 10f 117, 449
privacy legislation, 457 Macedonia, 211f Marxist perspective, 14-15,15, 17t The McDonaldization of Society
regulating electronic communications, machismo, 314 on capitalism, 189-190, 352, 379, (Ritzer), 119
macro-level analysis, 12, 15, 142. See
146, 457 403, 418 McDonald's, 66-67, 119, 441
restrictive abortion laws, 278, also world systems analysis class theory, 238 Mead, George Herbert, 16, 171, 19
macrosociology, 12, 13 on democracy, 378
279, 279f Madagascar, 57f 2111 on groups, 10 stages of self, 82, 831, 85:
to strengthen marriage, 321 Maid in Manhattan (film), 199 on religion, 353, 354 theory of self, 82-83, 87
law enforcement, 152-153 Malawi, 57f 211f of social change, 449, 450: mean (average), 49
Black Lives Matter movement Malay language, 4551 on stratification, 187, 187 mean household income, 194, 194f
Malaysia, 48f 211f mass media, 127-148. See also Internet; meanings (social meanings), 59-60, 99,
and, 239 Malcolm X, 101, 358
in Navajo Nation, 102 Mali, 57f 211f television 100, 232
prisons. See prisons malnourishment, 213-214 as agent of socialization, 77-78, mechanical solidarity, 107, 112
LDS (Church of Jesus Christ of malnutrition, 412 media conglomerates, 148
Malta summit of 2015, 255 89-90, 90, 129, 129-130 media monitoring, 133-134, 137
Latter-Day Saints; Mormons), 238, Malthus, Thomas Robert, 412, 412, 418 audience for, 142-143 median, 49
306, 359 manifest functions, 14, 17t conflict perspective on, 132-136, media penetration, 144f, 144-145
LDs (learning disorders), 342 Medicaid, 293, 384, 407
leadership, 442 of education, 330, 330-331 139/ 141 medicalization of society, 398, 398, 402,
League of Arab States, 248 of religion, 350 consumption promoted by, 130,
learning disorders (LDs), 342 man-made disasters. See also natural 404, 457
Lebanon, 92, 211f 351 130-131, 132f medical marijuana, 157, 1571
Lenski, Gerhard, 107, 110, 112, 190 disasters; specific events cultural issues, 129, 135-136, 136 medical model, 102, 398, 409, 411
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender collapse of World Trade Center, 436 defined, 128, 141 medical sociology, 20
(LGBT) persons Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010), digital divide, 136 Medicare, 293, 384, 408
adoption by, 317 dominant ideology in, 135, 141 memorials, symbolism of, 60, 60
bisexuality, 270 134, 147, 422 as enforcer of social norms, 130 men (males). See also women
elderly, organizations for, 298 Exxon Valdez oil spill (1989), 41-43, feminist perspective on, 137-138,
increasing acceptance of, 320 Black, oppression of women by, 267
lesbian and gay relationships, 320, 320 42, 422 1391, 142 domination over family, 267, 307, 309
same-sex marriage, 305, 306, 320, marijuana, 49f 49-50, 157, 157f, 165 functionalist perspective on, in "female" occupations, 263,
320, 325 marital rape, 166
transgendered persons, 270, 271 marriage, 311-318. See also divorce; 129-132,139: 263, 275
Les Experts (CSI) (TV series), 135 gatekeeping by, 133, 133 gender roles of, 263, 263, 265
Lesotho, 21 If family(ies) global reach of, 144f 144-145, 148 power and, 442
LexisNexis, 50 arranged marriages, 311, 312 hyper-local, 135-136 preference for male bosses, 276, 276
LGBT persons. See lesbian, gay, bisex- childless by choice, 322 interactionist perspective on, 138-139, stereotypes of success, 274
ual, and transgender persons between children and adults, 56, 57f stress in, 272
liberal-labor coalition, 380 courtship and mate selection, 139f, 139t, 142 Menlo Innovations, 120
liberation theology, 352-353, 354 media-free days, 92, 92 Mental Health Parity and Addiction
Liberia, 211f 311-312,313f media penetration, 144f 144-145
Libya, 133, 211f delay in, 311, 313f monitoring of, 133-134, 137 Equity Act of 2008, 411
life chances, 198, 204, 371 diverse lifestyles, 321-322 narcotizing dysfunction of, mental illness, 409-411, 410
life course approach, 85-86 heterosexual, 305
adjusting to retirement, 291-292 increase in stability of, 319 131-132, 141 as factor in shootings, 160
anticipatory socialization, 86-87, interethnic, 252, 311 online news media, 129-130, 143 homosexuality labeled as, 270,
102-113, 115, 292, 315 interracial, 62, 241, 311, 311 reality constructed by, 135
resocialization, 85, 86, 86, 91 in Japan, 99 rumors of staged videos, 439 400,410
rites of passage, 85, 85-86, 87 laws to strengthen, 321 social policy: right to privacy, patterns of care for, 410, 410-411
role transitions in, 290-294 lesbian and gay relationships, 320, 320 theoretical models of, 409-410
sandwich generation, 290-291, 291 in minority groups, 228 145-147, 147 Merton, Robert
socialization process. See socialization new marriage model, 313 sociological perspectives on, functionalist approach of, 12, 14, 17t
life expectancy, 287, 399, 413 polygamy, 306 theory of deviance, 161-162,
lifestyle choices postponing, 412 129-142,1391
childless marriage, 322 post-WWII pressure on women status conferred by, 130, 131: 162:, 1661
cohabitation, 321 stereotypes in, 135, 137 mesosociology, 12, 13
singlehood, 321-322 for, 416 stigmatization of homosexuals in, 135 Mexican Americans, 85, 249, 249f
use by terrorists, 374
"whiteness" of, 133 250, 314
master status, 101, 106 Mexico, 132f 21 lf 330f 399f 413f
age as, 285, 288
disability as, 102, 102 acceptance of parental leave, 324f
material culture, 68, 146, 450-451 economic optimism in, 220, 220
maternity leave, 322f 322-323 economy of, 382f
growth of middle class in, 219
homicide rates in, 172
522 s SUBJECT INDEX
human sexual behavior in, 481 mode, 49 National Committee to Preserve Social neocolonialism, 212, 217
income distribution in, 218f model minorities, 245-246, 246, 256 Security and Medicare, 298 neo-Luddites, 451
legal abortion in, 278 Modern Family (TV series), 135 neo-Malthusian view, 412
media-free days in, 92 modernization, 216-217 National Congress for American neo-Nazis, 252
media penetration in, 144f modernization theory, 217, 217t Indians, 227 Nepal, 57f 211f
poverty rate in, 196f Moldova, 211f Netflix, 136
religious participation in, 3571 "moment of silence," 362 National Crime Victimization Netherlands, 132f 209, 211f
voting in, 376f 460 monarchy, 370, 375, 453 Survey, 171
Zapatistas, 445 Mongolia, 211f 445 anti-foreign sentiment in, 417
microfinancing monogamy, 306 National Guard, 437 foreign aid per capita, 213, 214f
effects of, 208, 214 monopoly(ies), 383 National Health and Social Life Survey labor unions in, 121f
social policy on, 389-391, 390, 391 Monopoly (game), 383 physician-assisted suicide in, 300
micro-level analysis monotheism, 355 (NHSLS), 47-48 women in workforce, 274f
of audience, 142 morbidity rates, 402, 408 National Institute of Child Health and Network Center study, 106
of family relationships, 309, 309 mores, 61 Networked Readiness Index (NRI),
of gender, 268 Mormons (LDS church), 238, 306, 359 Human Development, 47
of social interactions, 59 Morocco, 211f National Institutes of Health 138, 138
of society, 12 mortality, 411 networking, 104
view of war, 371 mortality rates, 402, 403, 408 (NIH), 407 New Guinea, 189
microsociology, 12, 13 motion pictures, 47, 47f National Reconnaissance Office, 117 New Mexico, 420
Microsoft Corporation, 383 Mozambique, 57f 209, 2111 National Security Agency (NSA), 117, New Orleans, La.
middle class, 185, 186, 186, 219, 313 multinational corporations,
Middle East, 254, 255, 255. See also 145, 147, 457 education in, 344
214-216, 217 nation-state view of war, 371 Hurricane Katrina. See Hurricane
specific countries compared to nations, 215, 215f Native Americans, 185, 244. See also
midlife crisis, 290, 294 conflict perspective on, 216 Katrina (2005)
midwives, 398 functionalist perspective on, specific tribes New Orleans Medical and Surgical
migrant laborers death and, 293, 293
215-216 demographics, 229, 229t, 2301 Journal, 400
social policy toward, 21 globalization and, 21 economically motivated prejudice new recruits, teaching, 105
tracking by cell phone, 140, 140 mobilization against, 441 new religious movements (NRMs;
transnationals, 458-461, 459/ new social movements and, 443 144 against, 238
treatment of, in Dubai, 453 multiple identities, 229-230 education of, in Canada, 235 cults), 360, 360t, 363
migration, 411, 418. See also multiple masculinities, 265, 268 family life, 314 news media, online, 129-130, 143
multiracial people, 227, 229-230, 251 health care system and, 403-404 new social movements, 443-444,
immigration Muslims, 355-356. See also Islam language preservation among, 58, 59
to cities, 219, 219 ban on immigration of, 239 matriarchal traditions of, 267, 307 445t, 446
internal, 418 children's toys, 349 of mixed blood, 226, 227 Newtown, Conn. elementary school
international, 417, 417-418, 460 in congress, 378 racial inequality and, 230f 243f 244,
from Middle East, 140 hajj, 357, 358, 358 shootings (2012), 160, 409
Milgram experiment, 154, 154 harshness towards women, 272 244, 245 New York City, 247
military negative stereotyping of, 157 reservation system, 227, 229, 244 New Zealand, 172, 211f 215f 272f
careers in, 372, 372 polygamy among, 306 restrictive schools for, 244 NGOs (nongovernmental
as total institution, 86, 86 racial profiling of, 165, 239, 249 rites of passage, 85
women in combat, 264, 264, 372 social norms among, 62 suicide among teenagers, 244 organizations), 373
militias, 70, 70 Sunni or Shia (Shiite), 351 "two spirit" concept, 271 NHSLS (National Health and Social
Millennials, 199 women, wearing of hijab, 273, 273 Native Hawaiian Government Reorgani-
Millennium Project (UN), 213, 214f musti chaul, 208 Life Survey), 47-48
Mills' power elite model, 378-379 Myanmar, 21 If zation Act, 371 Nicaragua, 57f 211f
The Mindy Project (TV series), 247 The Myth of Mental Illness (T. "natural death," 293
minimum-wage jobs, 195, 1961 natural disasters. See also man-made Nickel and Dime& On (Not) Getting By
minimum-wage laws, 190 Szasz), 410 in America (Ehrenreich), 37
Minnesota Twin Family Study, 80 disasters; specific events
Minority Affairs Initiative of NAACP (National Association for the disaster relief, 135 Niger, 57f, 211f
Advancement of Colored People), environmental refugees from, 421 Nigeria, 57f 140, 144, 211f, 374
AARP, 298 11, 243 Haiti earthquake, 135, 317 NIH (National Institutes of Health), 407
minority groups, 237, 255. See also Hurricane Katrina. See Hurricane Nike, 216
Namibia, 2111 NIMBY ("not in my backyard"),
specific groups narcotizing dysfunction, 131-132, 141 Katrina (2005)
aging of, 295, 295f 296 National Association for the Advance- mass media coverage of, 131-132 420, 450
basic properties of, 228, 285 South Asia tsunami, 21-22, 89 Nineteen Eighty-Four (film; novel),
friction between, 248 ment of Colored People (NAACP), study of, 5-6
harmful consequences of education 11, 243 surviving, gender and, 21-22, 89 147,147
National Basketball Association vulnerability to, class position Nineteenth Amendment (1920), 276
for, 338 (NBA), 16 No Child Left Behind initiative
inclusion in government, 376-377 National Bureau of Economic and, 198
increase in population of, 229 Research, 44 naturally occurring retirement communi- (2002), 343
inequality and, 228, 229t National Cancer Institute, 59 No Kidding, 322
model minorities, 245-246, 246, 256 National Center for Complementary and ties (NORCs), 292 nonconformist subculture, 341
role strain among, 102 Integrative Health, 407 natural science, 4 nongovernmental organizations
Miss America pageant, 262 natural selection, 56-57
Miss Quinceafiera Latina pageant, 85 nature v. nurture debate, 78, 265 (NGOs), 373
mobilization for action, 434 Navajo language, 59 nonindustrialized societies, euthanasia
mock prison experiment, 98, 164, 372 Navajo Nation, 293, 314
Navajo Nation Police Department, 102 in, 299
Nayar people (India), 315 nonmaterial culture, 68, 68, 146,
Nazi Germany, 155, 240, 252
NBA (National Basketball 450-451
nontraditional families, 319, 319-325
Association), 16
near phase of retirement, 291 cohabitation, 321
negative sanctions, 61, 62t divorce and, 319-320
negative socialization, 80 lifestyle choices, 321-322
The Negro Church (DuBois), 101 nonverbal communication, 16, 19, 59,
59-60
NORCs (naturally occurring retirement
communities), 292
SUBJECT INDEX • 523
norm(s), 61-63, 65. See also deviance oligarchies, 120, 122, 370, 375 patients participation and apathy, 375-376,
acceptance of, 61-62 Olympic Games, 422 Internet as information source, 405 376f 381
in collective behavior, 434 Oman, 211f patient dumping, 408
formal and informal, 61, 62t, 65 On Death and Dying relations with physicians, 397, 400, political parties, 375, 377
gender norms, violation of, 262, 262t 405-406 role of race and gender, 250, 376-378,
group norms, 61, 159 (Kubler-Ross), 292
mass media as enforcer of, 130 one-child policy (China), 415 patriarchy, 307, 308 378f, 378
religious, 357 "one-drop rule," 229 patrilineal descent, 306, 310 seeking gender equality, 267
sanctions and, 61, 62t Oneida Community, 308, 308 Patriot Act of 2001, 147, 374, 457 social media audience for, 142-143
sexual norms, 308 Oneida Nation, 58 "pay czar," 203 sovereignty movement (Hawai'i),
social norms, 62, 106, 130 online dating, 46, 311, 312, 315 peace, 372-373, 373f 375
types of, 61 online marketing, 138-139, 139f 146 Peacemaking (Navajo Nation), 102 371, 371
online research, 50 peer groups, 153 women in, 271, 272, 377-378,378f
normative function of reference Ontario Place highrise (Chicago), 292 polls, 33, 439
groups, 115 open stratification systems, 200, 204 as agents of socialization, 89, 901, 94 polyandry, 305, 306
operational definitions, 31, 35 high school subcultures, 340-341 polygamy, 306
normlessness (anomie), 9, 161 opinion leaders, 143 Pennsylvania, 295 polygyny, 306
Northern Ireland, 351 Oregon, 300 pensions, 295, 297 Pop Idol (TV series), 135
North Korea, 135, 211f 370 organic solidarity, 107, 112 Pentagon. See September 11, 2001 ter- "popular health movement," 405
Norway, 209, 211f organization(s), 116-121 population, 411-418, 412. See also
rorist attacks
cohabitation in, 321 bureaucracies. See bureaucracies People magazine, 130, 1311 demography
foreign aid per capita, 213, 214f community-based, 115 percentage, 49 baby boom, 416
gender inequality in housework, 272f for elderly LGBT persons, 298 perceptions, 442 effects of migration on, 417-418
quotas for female executives, 274 formal, 116, 120-121, 123, 337-345 periphery nations, 212, 212f, 437, 438 environmental deterioration and, 424
Sami people, 58 nongovernmental (NG0s), 373 persecution, fear of, 254 fertility patterns in U.S., 416-417
"not in my backyard" (NIMBY), organizational culture, 120-121 personality, 78, 83-84 history of, 413-414, 414f
organized crime, 168-169, 176 Personal Responsibility and Work "population explosion," 415, 416f
420, 450 The Origin of the Family, Private sociological research on, 412-413
NRI (Networked Readiness Index), Opportunity Reconciliation Act of stable growth in U.S., 416
Properly, and the State (Mill), 266 1996, 221 world patterns, 413-415
138, 138 #oscarsowhite movement, 133 Peru, 211f zero population growth, 417
NRMs (new religious movements; The Other America (Harrington), Peter principle, 118 The Population Bomb (Ehrlich), 412
The Philadelphia Negro (DuBois), 101 population growth, 413f 416f 418
cults), 360, 360t, 363 111, 210 Philippine Islands, 247 population pyramid, 415, 416f
NSA (National Security Agency), 117, out-groups, 114, 116 The Philippines, 21 If 220, 272f 322f pornography, 137, 170
3231, 435,460 Portfolios of the Poor (Collins et al),
145, 147, 457 p "Photography and Sociology"
nuclear family, 305, 310 (Becker), 38 208-209
"Nuestro Hymno," 73 Pakistan, 211f, 215f 399f physician(s) Portugal, 211f, 215f 289f 322f 323f
nurse-midwives, 398 economic optimism in, 220 communications technologies and, Portuguese language, 455f
in Global Terrorism Index, 374 400, 400 positive sanctions, 61, 621
O migration from, 140 as gatekeepers for sick role, 398 postindustrial societies, 110t,
sexually segregated schools in, 219 institutionalized authority of, 405
Oath of Citizenship ceremony, 226 racism among, 403-404 110-111,451
Obamacare, 298 Palestinian Territory, 220 relations with patients, 397, 400, postmodern societies, 110t, 111,
obedience, 154-155, 159, 166, 333 Panama, 211f 405-406
Obergefell v. Jones (2015), 306, Pan-Cordillera Women's Network for physician-assisted suicide, 299f 111-112
299-300 poverty. See also income; wealth
320, 325 Peace and Development, 220 Piaget, Jean, 84-85, 851, 87
Oberlin College, 335 panics, 438, 440, 440t pica, 209 absolute poverty, 195
obesity, 104, 135, 398 Papua New Guinea, 21 If Pine Ridge Reservation, 227 declining among aged, 297
objective method of measuring social Paraguay, 211f plagiarism, 64 demographics of, 196f, 243
parents. See also children; family(ies) play stage of self, 82, 83t efforts at reducing, 213
class, 192-193, 1931, 195 Pledge of Allegiance, 363 feminization of, 197, 1971, 272, 313
observational research, 37 as agents of socialization, 89 pluralism, 241f 242 functionalist view of, 198
occupational mobility, 201 child-rearing by, 315, 315 pluralist model of power, 380, 380, 381 health and, 403
occupational prestige, 192-193, consent for abortion, 277-278 Poland, 196f 313f 322f 323f 357f marriage and, 313
motivation for homeschooling, 342 political dissent, online, 133 relative poverty, 196
193t, 339 parental leave, 324f political integration, 331 research on, 195-197, 196f 297
occupational segregation, 273-274 sandwich generation and, 291 political participation, 371, resource management and, 208-209
occupational socialization, 90-91 single-parent families, 314f 375-376, 376f social mobility and, 195-204, 196f
Occupy Wall Street movement, 185, political polls, 439
317-318, 321 political science, 4 220, 220, 223
185-186, 223, 441, 446 stay-at-home dads, 263 political systems, 375, 382 sociological perspectives on, 197, 198
oey bashi, 284 stepparents, 318 authority in, types of, 368-369 stereotypes of poor people, 197, 197t
Office of Naval Research, 372 Paris summit on climate change (2015), government, 370 Supplemental Poverty Measure,
Office of the United Nations High politics (political behavior), 368,
419, 423, 426 375-381 196-197
Commissioner for Refugees parkour, 70 mass media and, 135 underclass, 197-198
(UNHCR), 254 Parsons, Talcott, 13, 17t, 452 online politicking, 381 in United States, 181, 182f 195-196,
offshoring, 3881, 388-389, 391 "partial-birth" abortions, 278
Oglala Lakota Sioux, 227 participant observation, 37 196f 210
oil spills passive euthanasia, 299 worldwide, 210, 211f 213
Deepwater Horizon (2010), 134, paternity leave, 323 poverty line, 184
147, 422 poverty rates, 181, 196f 250
Exxon Valdez (1989), 41-43, 42, 422 power, 64, 375. See also authority
"oldest old," 295 to define and apply labels, 165
524 s SUBJECT INDEX
to define sick role, 400 Protestant ethic, 10f, 352, 352, 354 multiple identities, 229-230 relationship(s)
distributive, 367 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of multiracial people, 227, 229-230, 251 in families, analysis of, 309, 309
as element of stratification, 188, online dating and, 312 as function of family, 307-308
Capitalism (Weber), 10f, 352, 353 racial groups, 228-231, 237 lesbian and gay relationships, 320, 320
190, 191 protests. See also activism role in political behavior, 376-377, love relationship, 312
male domination, 442 romantic, among teens, 104
in male-female relations, 266 antiwar protesters, 434 378f 378
of mass media, 133 for environmental justice, 420, 421 role in social mobility, 201-202 relationship marketing, 138-139, 139f
pluralist model of, 380, 380, 381 against institutional social construction of, 228-229, 2301 relative deprivation approach, 442,
in political systems, 368 social epidemiology and, 403-404
power elite models, 378-379, discrimination, 235 transracial adoption, 316, 316 4454 446
resource mobilization in, 443 use of Internet and, 139, 141f relative poverty, 196
379f 381 role of audiences, 143 women oppressed by, 267 reliability, ensuring, 33-34, 35
structural, 367 social media and, 432 race neutrality, 232 religion, 348-363, 354. See also specific
unequal distribution of, 367, 368 by social movements, 441 racial and ethnic inequality, 226-256.
The Power Elite (Mills), 378 psychoanalysis, 85: religions and churches
power elite models, 378-379, 381 psychological approaches to self, See also ethnicity; race; specific as agent of socialization, 91, 94
Domhoff's model, 379f 379-380 ethnicities Arab American affiliations, 249, 249f
Mills's model, 378-379, 379f 84-85, 85t Arab Americans and, 248-249, 249 components of, 356-358, 3581
power structure of U.S., 378-381 psychology, 4 conflict perspective on, 238 conflict perspective on, 350, 353, 3544
pluralist model, 380, 380 public opinion, 381, 439, 440: ethnicity, 230-231 denominations, 359, 3601
power elite models, 378-380 functionalist perspective on, 238 Durkheim's approach to, 350, 351,
precarious work, 388 economic optimism, 220, 220 immigration and, 253, 253f
precipitating factor, 433-434 on environmental issues, 425 interactionist perspective on, 351,354, 354t, 362
predatory lending, 389, 391 on physician-assisted suicide, 299 239-240 ecclesiae, 359, 360t
preferential admissions practices, 235 publics, 439, 4401 labeling perspective on, electronic church, 361, 363
preindustrial societies, 109, 109-110, Pueblo tribes, 293 238-239, 239 feminist perspective on, 353-354, 354
Puerto Ricans, 249, 249f 250, 250 Latinos/Hispanics and, 249f functionalist perspective on, 351,
110t, 382 Puerto Rico, 211f 250 249-251
prejudice, 231, 231-232, 237 pure (basic) sociology, 20 minority groups, 228, 229t 352,3541
Puritans, 161 Native Americans and, 230f 243f fundamentalism, 357, 362, 363
economically motivated, 238 purpose, sense of, 105 244, 244, 245 impact of Internet on, 361
homophobia, 262 Pygmalion in the Classroom (Rosenthal prejudice and discrimination, 231-237 levels of adherence to, 355, 355t
racial discrimination and, 231-237 social policy: global refugee crisis, liberation theology, 352
rooted in stereotypes, 232 & Jacobson), 336 2541, 254-255, 255 Marxist perspective on, 353, 354
preoperational stage of development, 84 sociological perspectives on, new religious movements, 360,
preparatory stage of self, 82, 83t Quakers, 238 238-242,240:
preretirement, 291 qualitative research, 37 360t, 363
presentation of self, 83-84 quantitative research, 37 spectrum of intergroup relations. See organizational view of, 360t, 360-361
preservation of order, 105 quasi-religions, 361, 361 intergroup relations Protestant ethic, 10f, 352, 352, 354
prestige, occupational, 192-193, Quebec, 72 quasi-religions, 361, 361
queer theory, 15-16, 174, 19, 320 in United States, 230f 243f 243-256 religion-based clothing, 261, 273, 273
1934 339 racial discrimination, 256 religious conversion, 355
primary groups, 113, 113:, 116 on homosexuality, 135 religious toys, 349, 349, 351
primate studies, 79 research methodology, 44 in death penalty, 174-175 sects, 359, 360t
PRISM operation of NSA, 145, 147 on self-injury, 29 in hiring, 232-233, 233f social change and, 352, 353, 353
prisons on sports, 18 institutional, 234-235 social policy: religion in schools, 362,
questionnaires, 35, 37, 40, 44 prejudice and, 231-237
Abu Ghraib, 155, 372 quinceariera, 85 racial formation, 229 362-363
debtors' jails, 158 quotas, 274, 378 racial groups, 228-231, 237 social support function of,
inmate gangs in, 11 Qur'an (Koran), 248, 378 racial profiling, 242
mental patients confined in, 411 of African Americans, 238-239, 239 351-352, 352
mock prison experiment, 98, r of Muslims, 165, 239, 249 sociological perspectives on, 350-354
racism, 232 value to society, 10-11
164,372 race, 21-22. See also specific races color-blind, 232, 237, 387 world religions, 3551, 355-358, 356f
solitary confinement in, 157 aging and, 295, 296 religious activism, 352
privacy as ascribed status, 101, 228 functions of prejudiced beliefs, 238 religious beliefs, 356-357, 358, 358t
data collection and, 46 college subcultures, 310, 342f in health care, 403-404 religious experience, 358, 358:
contact hypothesis of race relations, social institutions and, 105 religious norms, 357
of medical records, 400 239-240,242 random sample, 33 religious organization, 359-363
new technologies and, 456-457, 457 cultural assumptions regarding, 88 rape, 166, 171 basic forms of, 359-361, 3601
privacy rights, 145, 145-147, 147 differences in families, 314f 314, rational-legal authority, 369, 375 comparison of forms, 360-361
private schools, 336, 337 314-315 Reagan, Ronald, 122 denominations, 359
product placement, 130, 130-131 health and, 408 rebellion, 162, 162: ecclesiae, 359
profane realm, 350 income and, 233f recreational function of family, 309 sects, 359
professional criminals, 168 interracial marriage, 62, 241, 311, 311 Red Crescent, 373 religious rituals, 357-358, 358t
profiteering in microfinancing, 389 in matrix of domination, 267, Red Cross, 373, 421, 436 religious toys, 349, 349, 351
Project Head Start, 331 267f 2681 redlining, 234 remittances, 247, 253
proletariat, 10, 187, 187 Milgram experiment and, 154 reference groups, 114-115, 115, 116 reorientation phase of retirement, 291
pro-life activists, 277-278 in modem education, 332-333 fashions and, 437-438 reparations, 243, 248
property crimes, 172 in relative deprivation, 442 replacement of personnel, 105
"Reflecting Absence" (Arad), 60, 60 report writing, 50
Proposition 209 (California Civil Rights refugees, 2544 254-255, 255, 256 representative democracy, 370
Initiative) of 1996, 387 reproductive function of family, 307
Republican Party, 377
prostitution, 167
protective function of family, 307
525SUBJECT INDEX a
research designs, 35-40, 401 acceptance of parental leave, 324f secondary analysis, 39, 394 40, 401 high school subcultures and, 340-341
ethnography, 37-39 growth of middle class in, 219 secondary groups, 113, 113t, 114, 116 labeling and, 270, 270-271
experiments, 39, 39 media penetration in, 144f Second Life, 2 social movements and, 442-443
secondary analysis, 39, 39t, 401 population growth rate in, 413f The Second Sex (de Beauvoir), 276 stratification by, 268, 270
surveys. See surveys premarital cohabitation in, 63f second shift, 275 study of society and. See queer theory
visual sociology, 38, 38, 137 religious participation in, 357f Secret Service, 173 Sexual Politics (Millen), 276
Russian language, 455f sects, religious, 359, 3601, 363 Shakers, 105, 354
researchers, rights of, 41 Rwanda, Republic of secularization, 350, 357 Shanghai Stock Exchange, 384
reshoring, 389 capitalism and, 383-384, 384 Securities and Exchange Commission sharing economy, 386-388, 391
resistance to social change, 450-451, women in government, 377-378, 378f Sherpa people (Nepal), 285
(SEC), 116, 203 Shia (Shiite) Muslims, 351
451, 461 S Security Council, U.N., 374 shootings
resistance to technology, 451, 451 segmented audience, 142-143 Charleston S.C. church shootings
resocialization, 91, 318 sacred realm, 350 segregation, 235, 237, 333
resource allocation, 105, 190, 212, 412 SAGE (Services and Advocacy for (2015), 133, /33
resource management, 208-209 of ethnic groups, 240-241, 241f Columbine High School (1999),
resource mobilization, 442, 443, GLBT Elders), 298 by gender, 219
same-sex marriage, 305, 306, 320, occupational, 273-274 114, 134
4454 446 Seinfeld (TV series), 247 mental illness as factor in, 160
"retired-husband syndrome," 290 320, 325 self, 82-87 Newtown, Conn. elementary school
retirement Sami people (Norway), 58 looking-glass self, 82, 85t
sample selection, 33, 35 Mead's stages of, 82, 834 851 (2012), 160, 409
adjusting to, 291-292, 294 Samsung, 215f Mead's theory of, 82-83 Trayvon Martin, 434
anticipatory socialization for, 292 sanctions, 61, 624 65, 153, 222 presentation of, 83-84 Virginia Tech shootings (2007), 4,
employment during, 287, 287, 292, "sandwich generation," 284, 290-291, psychological approaches to,
113, 133-134, 168
296-298, 297f 291, 294 84-85,851 Shopping Our Way to Safety (A. Szasz),
NORCs, 292 sa pamilya, 247 sociological approaches to, 82-84,851
phases of, 291-292, 292 Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 59 self-employment, 202 396, 426
retirement homes for LGBT Saudi Arabia, 59, 2111 219, 357, 358 self-identity, 460 Shoshit, Setkari, Kashtakari, Komar,
Scarce, Rik, 41 developing, 82
persons, 298 "scheduled castes," 184 labeling and, 269, 270, 270-271 Mukti Sangharsh (SSKKMS), 444
retreatism, 162, 162: school(s), 219. See also education self-injury, 29, 44, 446 Shout Your Love from the Middle of a
"reverse discrimination," 387 semiperiphery nations, 212, 2121
review of literature, 30f 31, 35, 50 as agent of socialization, 89, 94 Seneca Falls Convention (1848), Cabbage Patch Day, 99
Rhode Island, 295 "apartheid schools," 333 sick role, 397-398, 402
right to die, social policy on, 299f bureaucratization of, 333, 337-338, 276-277 Sierra Leone, 57f 211f
Senegal, 2111 220, 220 significant others, 83, 87
299-300 338,345 senilicide, 299 "silo effect," 117
rioting, 241, 435 charter schools, social policy on, 342, sensorimotor stage of development, 84 "silver collar economy," 296
rites of passage, 85, 85-86, 87 September 11, 2001 terrorist "silver surfers," 286
ritual 343f 343-344, 344, 345 Singapore, 155, 21 If
conflict perspective on, 89, 343 attacks, 171 singlehood as lifestyle, 321-322
Native American death rituals, 293 "cram schools," 63 bureaucratic dysfunction and, 117 single mothers, 197
religious, 357-358, 358t as formal organizations, 337-345 economic effects of, 21 single-parent families, 314f,
rituallism, in deviance, 162, 1621 homeschooling, 342, 343, 345 Internet reaction to, 133
robotics, 454, 456f religion in, social policy on, 362, media and, 129-130, 134 317-318, 321
Roe v. Wade (1973), 277, 278 racial profiling following, 239, 249 Sinopec, 215f
role conflict, 101-102, 103 362-363 rumors concerning, 439 "16 Days of Activism Against Gender
role exit, 102-103, 103 roles of teachers in, 338-339, social control following, 156-157
role expectations, 101 USA Patriot Act of 2001, 146, Based Violence," 219
role strain, 102 339,341f Sixteenth Amendment (1916), 191
role taking, 82; 831 sex education in, 332 374, 457 skin color, 228-229, 238-239, 239, 400
role transitions shootings in, 114, 133-134, 160, 409 World Trade Center collapse, 436, slave reparations, 243
death and dying, 292-294, 294 social control in, 331 slavery
retirement, adjusting to, 291-292 student subcultures in, 339-341, 342f 436, 437
sandwich generation, 290-291, 291 U.S. school system, 329 Serbia, 211f Africans defined as sick, 400
through life course, 290-294 school choice programs, 338 serial monogamy, 306 Anti-Slavery Union, 229
Rolling Stone magazine, 13It school prayer, social policy on, 362-363 service industries, 214-215, 386-388 demands for reparations, 243
Roma (Gypsies), 240, 240 science, 3 service occupations, 110, 245, 263 as stratification system, 183, 1834 191
Roman Catholic Church, 247, 351, 359 scientific management approach, 120 Services and Advocacy for GLBT Elders as transnational crime, 170
disapproval of birth control, 451 scientific method, 30f, 30-35 Slender Man, 438-439
indifference to Cuban Americans, 251 data collection and analysis, 30f (SAGE), 298 Slovakia, 92, 211f
liberation theology and, 352 SES. See socioeconomic status Slovenia, 211f
Native American converts, 293, 293 33-34, 35 Seventh-Day Adventists, 359 "slugging," 16
resistance to birth control, 450-451 defining problem, 30-31, 35 sex discrimination, 271-272, 275, 280, smoking, 34, 34, 160, 165
women and, 267, 354 developing conclusions, 30f 34, SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assis-
Romania, 79, 79, 211f 335-336
romantic relationships, 104 34f 35 sex education, 332 tance Program), 196
Roommates.com, 233 formulating hypothesis, 301 31-33, 35 sexism, 105, 335-336 Snapchat, 143
Royal Dutch Shell, 215f modern education and, 332 "snowball" samples, 33
ruling class, 380 review of literature, 30f 31, 35, 50 in coverage of female athletes, 137 Snowden, Edward, 145
rumors, 438-439, 439, 440, 440t SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership in health care and research, 404 snowfall, reduced, 422-423
rum springa, 88 sex discrimination, 271-272, 275, 280, social behavior, 106, 400
rural life, 109 Conference), 243 social capital, 12, 138
Russia, 211f, 218f 313f 382f 423f SEC (Securities and Exchange 335-336 social change, 430-461, 449f
sex offender registries, 160
Commission), 116, 203 sexual harassment, 102, 264, 265 anticipating, 452-453
secession of ethnic groups, 240 sexual identity, 271 conflict perspective on, 449, 4504
450, 452
526 s SUBJECT INDEX
in Dubai, 453, 453-454,460,461 education as. See education; school(s) role of communication in, 445, societal-reaction approach. See labeling
education as agent of, 331-332, feminist perspective on, 105-106 445, 446 theory
functionalist perspective on, 105
332f 332 interactionist perspective on, 105-106 transnationals in, 460 society(ies), 55,57. See also specific
evolutionary theory of, 447,453 social integration, 331 women's, 443,444,444
functionalist perspective on, 447, social interaction(s), 98 stages of society
as key to development, 84-85 Social Movements and New Technology aging and, 285-288
449,453 media-free days and, 92,92 (Carty), 431,432 analysis of, 12
in Gesellschaft, 108 micro-level analysis of, 59 contradictory nature of, 449
global, 452-461 reality and, 99-100 social networks, 12,104,106 extinction of, 105
religion and, 352,353,353 social structure and, 99-106 communal bonds and, 164 growth rate of, 413
resistance to, 450-451,451, 461 social interactions, 106 of corporate executives, 203 law and, 157-158
social movements and. See social social involvement, aging and, 286-287 ethnicity and, 104,286 McDonaldization of, 66-67,119,119
socialism, 384,385,3851 in formal organizations, 120 medicalization of, 398,398
movements socialization, 76-94,81 online marketing through, Society for the Study of Social
social policy: transnationals, agents of. See agents of socialization 138-139, 139f
anticipatory, 86-87,102-113,115, women's use of, 104,137-138 Problems, 12
458-461, 459f Society in America (Martineau), 8
theories of, 447,448f, 449f 292,315 social policy, 22 sociobiology, 56-57,447
of children, 78-79,79, 331 sociocultural evolution, 109-112,110t
449-452,450: to conforming behavior, 158 on abortion, 277-279, 279f 280
social class. See also class system as function of education, 331 bilingualism, 71-73 industrial societies, 110
as function of family, 307 charter schools, 342, 343f 343-344, postindustrial and postmodern
family and, 313 to gender roles, 261-262,263,331
gender and, 192 occupational, 90-91 344, 345 societies, 110-112
impact on elderly persons, 288 role of, 78-81 child care, 93, 93-94 preindustrial societies, 109, 109-110
inequalities preserved by schools, 334 self and, 82-87, 85: death penalty, 173-175, 174f 175 socioeconomic status (SES), 193,195
labeling and, 164 social policy: child care, 93, 93-94 environmentalism, 424-426, 425f 427 of child's family, 309
life chances and, 198 throughout life course, 85-86 on executive compensation, in matrix of domination, 267,
objective method of measuring, social meanings, 59-60,99,100,232
social media 202-203,203 267f 2681
192-193,193,, 195 careers in, 137 family leave, 322f-324f 322-325 Sociological Abstracts, 50
occupational prestige and, 192,193t collective behavior and, 433 global refugee crisis, 2541, sociological imagination, 3,7,20-22
social epidemiology and, 402-403 physician-assisted suicide and, 300 sociological perspectives
socioeconomic status (SES) and, 193 politicking on, 142-143,381 254-255,255
stratification by, 184-186,192-195 protests and, 432 labor unions, 121f 121-123 on aging, 285-289,288t
underclass, 197-198 social movements and, 431,445 microfinancing, 389-391,390,39/ on culture, 55, 63f 65,65t
social construction social networks and, 138-139,1391 religion in schools, 362, 362-363 on deviance, I61-166,166t
of gender, 261-268 use by terrorists, 374 right to die, 299f 299-300 on education, 330f 330-337,336t
of race, 228-229,2301 social media consulting, 137 right to privacy, 145-147,147 on environmental issues, 419-427,420
social constructionist perspective, social mobility, 199-202,204 studying human sexuality, 47f, on families, 307-309
in developing nations, 219, 219-221 on gender, 265-268
165,166t education and, 198,201 47-48,48f on global inequality, 2171
social control, 153, 153-159 gender and, 201, 202,219-221,223 toward immigrant laborers, 21 global view of family, 307-310
globally, 220,220 transnationals, 458-461, 459f on health, 397-400,401t
agents of, 165 in industrialized nations, 218-219 welfare, 221, 221-223 on mass media, 129-142, 139t
of binge drinking, 156 occupational mobility, 201 social reality, 99-100'. on poverty, 197,198
collective behavior and, 433,434 in open v. closed systems, 200 social reformers, 11-12 on racial and ethnic inequality,
by Communist Party, 433 poverty and, 195-204, 196f 220, social roles, 101-103,106
conformity and obedience, 153-159 role conflict, 101-102,103 238-242,240:
control theory, 158 220, 223 role exit, 102-103,103 on religion, 350-354
education and, 331 roles of race and ethnicity in, 201-202 role strain, 102 on stratification, 187-188,190t
formal and informal, 155, 155-157 types of, 200, 200f social sciences, 3-6, 5t, 7 sociological research, 28-50
of gender roles, 265 social movements, 440t, 441, Social Security Administration, 297 on affirmative action, 387,387
law as, 157-158 Social Security benefits, 288,291,297 on age stratification, 284
medicine as, 398 441-446, 445t social service programs, 384 on aging and declining poverty, 297
Milgram experiment in, 154,154 bureaucratization of, 120 social status, 193,290,309 on Amish subculture, 88,88
religion and, 353,354t "social street," 108,108 attitudes toward marijuana, 49f 49-50
social policy: death penalty, 173-175, communications technologies and, social structure, 98,100-106 on automation, 456, 456,
431, 445,445, 446 Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, careers in, 42,42
174f 175 content analysis, 39-40
social customs, 70-71 ecofeminist movement, 426 107-108,1091 cross-cultural, 100,219,265
social disorganization theory, 163-164, emergence of, 441-444, 445t global perspective on, 107-112 on demographics, 412-413
environmentalism, 424-126,425f groups. See group(s) on disability as master status, 102
164, 1661, 167 mechanical and organic solidarity, on elderspeak, 287,287
social epidemiology, 402-408, 403f 427,443 "Elmtown" study, 340
social factors in gender stratification, gender and, 442-443 107,112 ethics of, 41-43
Internet and, 445 social institutions. See social feminist See feminist perspective
267, 267f 2681 new social movements, 443-444, on housing issues in Boston,
social impact of religion, 350 institutions
social indicators of modernization, 217 4451, 446 social networks. See social networks 44 45, 45f
social inequality, 21,180-181,191,450 relative deprivation approach to, 442, social policy: labor unions, 121f I on human sexuality, 37, 37t, 47f
attitudes toward, 190: 4454 446 121-123 47-48,48f
credentialism and, 333 resource mobilization approach to, social roles, 101-103,106 on institutional discrimination,
functionalist perspective on, 189,189 sociocultural evolution approach.
minority groups, 228 442,443, 445t 236,236
open displays of, 214 109-112,110t on Latino political activity, 377,377
preserved by schools, 334 statuses. See status(es) Milgram experiment, 154,154
social support, religion as, 351-352,352
Social institutions, 1-6,104-106,118t social welfare, 221-223
conflict perspective on, 105-106 social work, 23-24
SUBJECT INDEX en 527
sociological research-Cont. Southern Christian Leadership Confer- in mass media, 135, 137 stress, 272, 338, 339
mock prison experiment, 98, 164, 372 ence (SCLC), 243 negative, 157, 285, 335 structural conduciveness, 433
modern debtors' jails, 158 negative stereotypes of elderly, 285 structural power, 367
Native Americans and death, 293, 293 South Korea, 121f 132f 211f 376f of poor people, 197, 1975 structural strain, 433
on natural and technological adoption of children from, 316, 316 prejudice rooted in, 232 student(s)
disasters, 436 educational system in, 330-331 racial profiling and, 238-239
on NORCs, 292 mass media in, 136 of single lifestyle, 321-322 in college. See college students
on obesity, 104 women's social movements in, 443, of "unwed mothers," 317-318 social and emotional needs of, 345
on popularity among college 444, 444 of women, 137, 335 social control of, by schools, 331
students, 89 stigma (stigmatization) student subcultures, 339-341, 340,
on population, 412-413 South Sudan, 57f associated with welfare, 191
on poverty, 195-197, 196f sovereignty movement (Hawai'i), 371, 37/ body image and, 160 342f 345
on preference for male bosses, Soviet Union, 222, 384, 452 deviance and, 160, 166 student debt, 199
276, 276 Spain, 1321 211f 221, 322f 323f 382f in high schools, 336 subcultures, 69, 69-70, 73
primate studies of socialization, 79 Spanish-American War (1899), 247 of homosexuals in media, 135
queer theory and methodology, 44 Spanish flu epidemic (1919), 397 of illness, 400 Amish subculture, 88, 88
on racial discrimination in hiring, Spanish language, 250, 455f lacking, for white-collar crime, 170 in call centers, 69, 70
232-233 Spectrum of Intergroup Relations, of mental illness, 409, 410, 411 race and, 310, 342f
on racial profiling, 239 of sexual identities, 270, 271 relevance of fashion to, 437-438
report writing, 50 240-242, 241f of use of family leave, 323 student subcultures, 339-341, 340,
research designs. See research designs Spencer, Herbert, 8 Stohr, Oskar, 80
on rewards of crime, 163 spirituality, 357 "The Stolen Generations," 245 342f 345
role of technology in, 44-46, 45f SPM (Supplemental Poverty Measure), stratification, 179-204 The Subjection of Women (Mill), 266
scientific method in, 30f 30-35 by age. See age stratification Sudan, 140,211f
of small-group bureaucracies, 196-197 conflict perspective on, 189, suicide
119-120 "spoiled identity," 160
on social norms in workplace, 106 sports, 55, 159 189-190, 191 among Native Americans, 244
social policy: studying human distribution of wealth and income, economic crisis and, 221
sexuality, 47f 47-48, 481 bureaucratization of, 119 physician-assisted, 299f 299-300
sociological imagination and, 20-22 coverage of female athletes. 40, 137 218, 218f studies of, 6-7, 20, 39, 43
on sports, 17, 17-18 theoretical perspectives on, 17, 17-18 functionalist perspective on, 189, Suicide: A Study in Sociology (Dur-
on stratification by social class, Title IX and, 335
192, 193t "spyware," 147 190t, 191 kheim), 6, 10f
studies of public opinion, 439 Sri Lanka, 21 If by gender. See gender stratification "suicide tourism," 300
on taxes, 191, 191 SSKKMS (Shoshit, Setkari, Kashtakari, global divide, 209, 209-210, 210, 211f Sullenberger, Chesley "Sully," 284, 286
twin studies of heredity, 80, 80 by income and wealth, 193-195, 194f "summary compensation tables," 203
using statistics and graphs, 49f 49-50 Kamgar, Mukti Sangharsh), 444 interactionist perspective on, 188, Sunnah, 351
on White attitudes toward Blacks, stability Sunni Muslims, 351
232-233 188, 191 Super Bowl advertising, 131
on White privilege, 233-234, 235 of marriage, increase in, 319 legacy of colonialism, 212f 212, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
on Wicca, 361, 361 social change and, 449
of U.S. population growth, 416f 212-213 Program (SNAP), 196
sociology, 1-25, 7 Lenski's view of, 190 Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM),
basic and applied, 19-20, 23 416-417 Marxist view of, 187, 187
careers in. See careers in sociology stability phase of retirement, 291 millennium development goals and, 196-197
common sense and, 6 Stanford University, 98 Supreme Court
development of, 8-13 Starbucks, 22, 66 213-214, 214f
fields within, 19-20, 23, 191 "Star-Spangled Banner," 73 modernization and, 216-217 on abortion, 277, 278
major theoretical perspectives, Star Wars (film), 454 multinational corporations and, on affirmative action, 387
13-19,17t State Department, 381 on Affordable Care Act, 408, 408
nature of, 3-7 statistics 214-216, 215f on age discrimination, 297
race, gender and religion, 21-22 within nations, 218-223 approval of wiretaps, 146
social sciences and, 3-6, 55 7 on crime. See crime statistics poverty and. See poverty on campaign finance, 379
sociological imagination and, 3 in measuring social class, 193-194 purposes of, 1901 on confidentiality, 41
sociological theory, 6-7 in sociological research, 49f 49-50 by social class, 184-186, 192-195 female judges, 271
visual sociology, 38, 38, 137 on trends in divorce, 319, 319f social mobility and. See social on income tax, 191
vital statistics, 413 on Jim Crow laws, 243
software piracy, 161 status(es), 100-101, 106 mobility on lethal injections, 175
solitary confinement, 157 achieved. See achieved status(es) social policy: executive compensation, on physician-assisted suicide, 300
Somalia, 57f 140, 211f 413f ascribed. See ascribed status(es) on restrictions against Jews, 251
Souls of Black Folk (DuBois), 10f bestowed by education, 330, 334 202-203, 203 on same-sex marriage, 306, 320, 325
The Sound of Music (play), 435 conferred by mass media, 130, 13 It sociological perspectives on, on school prayer, 362
South Africa, Republic of, 211f employment and, 102 on school segregation, 333
in interpersonal conversations, 267 187-188,1901 on sex discrimination in wages, 275
apartheid in, 241, 419 master status. See master status systems of. See stratification systems on teaching of intelligent design, 362
gross national income of, 215f occupational, of teaching, 339 universality of, 189 Suriname, 251
premarital cohabitation in, 63f provided by family, 309 Weber's view of, 188 surveys, 35-37, 375 40, 405
voter turnout, 376f SES. See socioeconomic status in world system, 209-217, 211f audience targeting through, 142-143
South Americans, 249, 249f 251 social status, 193, 290, 309 stratification systems, 181-191, 1821 cell phones and, 36
South Dakota, 227 of women, 43, 272-273 achieved status in, 182-183, 200, 204 on family leave, 322, 322f
status group, 188, 191 ascribed status in, 182-185, 200, 204 on panics, 438
stay-at-home dads, 263 castes, 183-184, 191 of popularity among students, 89
stepfamilies, 309, 318 estate system (feudalism), 184 on population, 412-413
stereotypes (stereotyping), 237 individual's position in, 188 preference for male bosses, 276, 276
fictional female characters, 262-263 open v. closed, 200, 204 studies of public opinion, 439
of males and success, 274 slavery, 183, 1835 191 on support for abortion, 278
social classes, 184-186
528 s SUBJECT INDEX
victimization surveys, 171t, 171-172 privacy and, 145, 145-147, 147, "tower dumps," 147 United Nations Educational, Scientific,
women's reasons for leaving work, 456-457, 457 Toying with God (Bado-Fralick & and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), 136
276, 277f public health technology, 414 Norris), 349, 349
Survivor (TV series), 115, 115, 135 resistance to, 451, 451 Toyota, 215f United States, 209, 211f 214f
susto (fright sickness), 403 sociocultural evolution and, 109, 110 tracking, 334 313f 382f
Swaziland, 211f in surveillance, 147 traditional authority, 369, 375
sweatshops, 247 technology-based crime, 169, 169-170 trained incapacity, 117 acceptance of parental leave, 324f
Sweden, 121f, 132f, 211f 289f 399f "tech-nos," 454 transgendered persons, 270, 271 age stratification in, 295-300
televangelists, 361, 363 transnational crime, 170f 170-171, 176, aging in, 289f
acceptance of parental leave, 324f television assimilation in, 241
child care in, 94 addiction to, 130 183, 1831 baby boom in, 416
cohabitation in, 321 cultural issues, 135 transnationals, 432, 458-461, 459f bilingualism in, 71-73
foreign aid per capita, 213, 214f in developing nations, 144, 144-145 transracial adoption, 316, 316 CO2 emissions in, 423f
gender-neutral education in, 269 ethnic characters on, 247 transsexuals, 270, 271 college graduation rates, 330f
government health expenditures, 222 stereotyped female characters, 262 transvestites, 271 dependence on foreign commerce, 215
income distribution in, 218f temporary employment, 122, 186, traumatic injury, 457 distribution of family wealth, 194f
marriage in, 319 Trenchcoat Mafia, 114
premarital cohabitation in, 63f 186, 388 Trinidad and Tobago, 211f 194-195
treatment of disabled in, 102 The Tender Cut: Inside the Hidden tsunami in South Asia (2004), economic optimism in, 220
women in government, 378f effects of global recession on,
women in workforce, 274f World of Self-Injury (Adler & 21-22, 89
Switzerland, 132f 209, 211f 242, 300 Adler), 29 Tunisia, 133, 211f 446 221, 222
symbol(s), 16, 60, 60, 65 termination phaqe of retirement, 291 Turkey, 211f 330f 417 fertility patterns in, 416-417
learning use of, 82, 83t terrorism, 373-374, 374f 375. See also Turkmenistan, 211f gender inequality in housework, 272f
World Trade Center memorial, 60, 60 September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks twin studies, 80, 80 global brands of, 132f
symbolic ethnicity, 252 bioterrorism, tracking, 402 Twitter, 129, 130, 143, 381 in Global Peace Index, 372
symbolic interactionism. See interaction- double standard in, 114 two spirit concept, 271 in Global Terrorism Index, 374
Global Terrorism Index, 374, 374f government of. See federal
ist perspective refugee crisis and, 255 UAE (United Arab Emirates), 136, 211f
Syria, 89, 211f use of Internet by terrorists, 139, 446 UAW (United Auto Workers), 122 government
textile industry, in developing nations, Uber, 387 "graying of America," 295f
in Global Peace Index, 372 437, 438 Uganda, 92, 21 If, 383-384, 384, 420
in Global Terrorism Index, 374 TER (total fertility rate), 413 295-298, 296f
migration from, 140 Thailand, 211f, 372 cell phone use in, 458, 458 health care in, 405f 405-408
political dissent in, 133 A Theology of Liberation child marriage rates, 57f human sexual behavior in, 48f
refugees from, 254-255 (Gutierrez), 352 Ukraine, 211f income distribution in, 218f
theoretical perspectives ultraconservative militias, 70, 70 infant mortality rates, 399f
t conflict perspective. See conflict UN. See United Nations labor unions in, 121f
perspective underclass, 197-198, 204 media-free days in, 92
Taiwan, 211f feminist perspective. See feminist unemployment media penetration in, 144f
Tajikistan, 211f perspective due to downsizing, 386 opposition to media monitoring, 136
Taliban, 336 functionalism. See functionalist due to recession of 2008, 221 paid maternity leave in, 322f
Tanzania, 21 If 219 perspective face-work and, 83 political behavior in, 368, 375-381
tattoos, 160 interactionist perspective. See social networks and, 104 population growth rate in, 4131
taxes, as opportunity, 191, 191 interactionist perspective unemployment compensation, 190 population pyramid in, 416f
teacher(s), 338-339, 339, 341f queer theory. See queer theory UNESCO (United Nations Educa- poverty in, 181, 182f 195-196,
teacher-expectancy effect, 336, 337 sociological theory, 6-7, 13-19, 17/
Tea Party, 185 theories of collective behavior, 432-434 tional, Scientific, and Cultural 196f 210
"technological disasters," 436 assembling perspective, 434, 434, 440 Organization), 136 power structure of, 378-381
technology (technological advances) emergent-norm perspective, 432-433, UNHCR (Office of the United premarital cohabitation in, 63f
433, 434, 440 Nations High Commissioner for racial and ethnic inequality in, 230f
as agent of socialization, 89-90, 90 value-added perspective, 433-434, 440 Refugees), 254
biotechnology, 451, 457-458, theory, 6 UNICEF, 79, 217 243f 243-256
3D printers, 454 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 136, 211f religious participation in, 357f
458, 461 Tibet, 305 United Auto Workers (UAW), 122 as representative democracy, 370
censorship and, 457 Time magazine, 277 United Health, 202 social mobility in, 199-202, 204
changes to caste system and, 184 Titanic (ship), 198 United Kingdom. See Great Britain sources of refugees to, 254, 2541
communication. See communications Title IX (Education Act of 1972), 335 United Nations (UN), 170, 170f stable population growth in, 416f
TMZ, 130 Millennium Project, 213, 214f
technologies Togo, 211f Partners in Development 416-417
computers, 454, 454, 456, 456t, 456f toilet paper shortage, 438 Programme, 220 terrorism as major threat to, 373
tolerance, 139 treaty on refugees, 254 transnational voting and, 460
457, 461 Tonight Show (tv program), 295, 438 UNHCR, 254 violent crime in, I71t, 172
crime and, 160-161, 169, 169-170 'fannies. Ferdinand, 107, 112 Universal Declaration of Human voter turnout, 376f
cultural diffusion due to, 67-68, 68 Torah, 248 Rights, 183 welfare debate in, 221
deindustrialization and, 386, 388 total fertility rate (TER), 413 on value of women's unpaid women in combat, 264
deviance and, 160-161 total institution, 86, 86-87 labor, 192 women in government, 378f
effects on sociological research, totalitarian governments, 370, 370 world assembly on aging, 289 women in workforce. See women in
touching, in social interaction, 59-60
44-46, 45f U.S. workforce
future and, 454, 454-458 Universal Declaration of Human
isolation due to, 2
media penetration and, 144-145 Rights, 183
potential for misuse of, 146 untouchables (Dalit), 14, 184
upper class, 188, 189, 313
class system and, 184, 184-185
as power elite, 379-380
SUBJECT INDEX s 529
upper-middle class, 185 voting white-collar crime, 169, 169-170, 176 treatment of, in Afghanistan,
"urban Amish," 451 eligibility of transnationals, 460 White ethnics, 252, 252 265, 336
urban life by Latinos, 250 White privilege, 233-234
mental illness and, 409 Whites trend toward single lifestyle, 321-322
changes in caste system and, 184 participation and apathy, value of women's unpaid labor, 192
ethnic neighborhoods, 242, 246-247 375-376, 376f demographics, 2294 2301 women in U.S. workforce,
Gesellschaft, 107, 108 in environmental movements, 426
migration to cities, 219, 219 voting rights, 235, 236, 236 health of, 408 273-275, 280
underclass in, 197-198 influence in pluralism, 380 affirmative action and, 387
Uruguay, 211f 322f 323f wage inequality lifetime earnings of, 332f compensation of, 116, 274-275
USA Patriot Act of 2001, 146, 374, 457 gender-based, 116, 274-275 single-parent families among, 317 exploitation of, 272, 282
USS New York, 60 labor unions and, 122 WHO (World Health Organization), impact on family, 309-310
Uzbekistan, 211f, 311 labor force participation, 273-274,
wages/salaries 397, 407
V executive compensation, 202-203, 203 The Who, 432, 433 274f 275t
gender-based wage gap, 116, 274-275 Who Rules America? The Triumph of marriage and, 275
validity, 33, 35 migration to cities and, 219 preference for male bosses, 276, 276
value-added perspective, 433-434, 440 for teachers, 339, 341f the Corporate Rich (Domhoff), reasons for leaving employment,
value generalization, 449 unemployment compensation, 190 367, 368
value neutrality, 43 of women in U.S. workforce, 116, Who Wants to be a Millionaire 275,277f
values, 62-63, 63f 274-275 (TV series), 135 self-employment, 202
vandalism, 170, 435 Wicca, 353, 361, 361 social consequences of employment,
variables, 28, 31, 34, 34 Walgreens, 406 WikiLeaks, 146
varnas (castes ), 183-184, 191 Walk Free Foundation, 183 The Wolf Pack (film), 77 272f 275, 277f
veil(s), 273 "wallet biopsies," 408 women. See also men (males) Women's Day (S. Korea), 444, 444
"veiled reporting" technique, 44 Walinart, 122, 2151 406, 432, 433, 433 activism of, 220, 444, 444 Women's Sports Foundation, 335
Venezuela, 63f, 172, 211f 324f Walt Disney World, 111, 111 as athletes, 17, 17-18 work
verstehen, 9 war, 371-372, 375. See also specific bloggers, 138-139
vertical social mobility, 200 child care issues, 93, 93-94 consequences of, 8
vested interests, 450, 452 wars collective consciousness of, 276-277 decline in walking to work, 447, 449f
victimization surveys, 171, 171t decision to declare, 371 in combat, 264, 264, 372 substandard, impact of, 195
victimless crimes, 167, 176 over resources, 383-384, 384 coverage of women's sports, 40, 137 women's work devalued, 266
video gaming, 137 women in combat, 264, 264, 372 disenfranchised, 376 workers
Viet Kieu, 248 The War of the Worlds (radio as economic support of family, 313 dysfunctions of informal
Vietnam, 211f 240, 384 education of, 337
Vietnamese Americans, 233, 245f 248 broadcast), 438 effects of disasters on, 21-22, 89 economy, 385
Vietnam War, 248 water pollution, 422, 422 elderly, 295, 296 immigrant, in Dubai, 453, 460
Village (Grameen) Bank, 389, 390, 391 wealth, 181. See also income; poverty female infanticide, 219 migrants. See migrant laborers
A Vindication of the Rights of Women feminization of poverty, 197, 197t, transnationals, 458-461, 459f
analysis of wealthy, 190t 272, 313 women as. See women in U.S.
(Wollstonecraft), 266 in China, 384 gender roles of, 262, 262-263
violence distribution of family wealth, 194f gender wage inequality, 116, 274-275 workforce
health care system and, 404 Worker's Party of Korea, 370
association with mental illness, 409 194-195 in informal economy, 385 workforce. See also migrant laborers
domestic violence, 309 of elderly persons, 295-296 institutional discrimination against,
ethnic riots in France, 241 gender inequality among wealthy, 271-272, 280 affirmative action in, 387
female infanticide, 219 in Iran, lives of, 260-261 automation and, 456
gender-based, action against, 219 272-273 microfmancing and, 389, 390 changing face of, 386-389
rape, 166, 171 stratification by, 194f 194-195 Muslim, wearing of hijab, 273, 273 competition from elderly in, 287, 287,
religion-based, 351 unequal distribution of, 195 occupational prestige and, 192-193
shootings. See shootings web-based surveys, 36 as oppressed majority, 271-280 292, 296-298, 297f
study of, 4 Weber, Max, 9, 10f 12 in politics, 271, 272, 377-378, 378f exploitation of workers, 22, 187, /87,
against women, 265 on bureaucracies, 117, 118, 120, 123 post-war pressure for marriage, 416
violent crime classification of authority, sexism and sex discrimination, 217, 218
in border areas, 6 271-272, 275, 280, 335-336 temporary employment, 122, 186,
homicide, 172 368-369, 369 sexualization in motion pictures,
rioting, 241,435 power as element of 47, 47f 186, 388
shootings. See shootings shortage of, in China, 415 women in. See women in U.S.
Slender Man murder, 439 stratification, 188 social mobility of, 201, 202
in U.S., 171t, 172 on Protestant ethic, 10f, 352, social movements by, 443, 444, 444 workforce
Virginia Tech shootings (2007), 4, 113, social networks and, 104, 137-138 working class, 21, 185
353, 354 as sociologists, 7, 8, 11, 11-12,
133-134, 168 view of stratification, 188, 191 15, 15 exploitation of, 22, 187, /87, 218
visual sociology, 38, 38, 137 weblining, 147 status of, 43, 272-273 old age and, 288
vital statistics, 413 welfare stereotyped, 137, 335 workplace
vocational subculture, 341 social policy on, 221, 221-223 subordination of, in Christianity, as agent of socialization, 90-91, 94
Volkswagen, 215f stigma associated with, 191 353-354, 354 pro-child practices in, 322
volunteer work, by elderly persons, 287 "welfare scapegoating," 222 superior academic performance of, secondary groups in, 113, 1131
voter ID cards, 236, 236, 377 wellness clinics, 407 335-336 social norms in, 106
Wells-Barnett, Ida, 11-12, 15,15, 17t World Bank, 213
West Bank, 211f World Changing (Steffen), 445
Western Electric Company, 39 World Economic Forum, 138
West Virginia, 295 World Health Organization (WHO),
Whirlpool Corporation, 389
397, 407
world religions, 355t, 355-358, 356f
world systems analysis, 437
world systems analysis view
of environmental issues, 419, 424
of global development
inequalities, 421
530 s SUBJECT INDEX
of global inequality, 212f, 212-213, The X Factor (TV series), 135 attitudes toward privacy issues, zebu (cattle), 13-14, 56
217, 217t xiao, 284 456-457 zero population growth (ZPG), 417
Zimbabwe, 211f
of microfinancing, 390 Yanomami people (Brazil & job seekers, 304 ZPG (zero population growth), 417
World Trade Center, 436, 436, 437 Venezuela), 305 political apathy of, 376, 381 Zuni tribe, 293
World Trade Center memorial, 60, 60 YouTube, flash mobs on, 435
World Trade Organization, 441 Yemen, 80, 211f Yule, Jack, 80
World War II, 248 young people Yunus, Muhammad, 389, 390, 391
baby boom following, 416 Zambia, 57f, 211f 213
"death control" following, 414 Zapatistas (Mexico), 445
genocide during, 155, 240, 351
written rules and regulations
in bureaucracies, 118, 118t, 119
in schools, 337
SUBJECT INDEX s 531
Applications of Sociology's Major Theoretical Approaches
Sociology in Modules provides Racial prejudice and gig Medicalization of society (17) CB Sports (1)
comprehensive coverage of the
major sociological perspectives. This discrimination (10) Microfinancing (16) M16 Tattoos and social reality (5)
summary table includes a sample of 45 Religion as a source of social M28 Minimum wage laws (8) 43 Teacher-expectancy effect (14)
the topics in the text that have been
explored using the major approaches. support (15) M30 Mobility (9) M40 Teenage pregnancy (13)
"M" indicates the module and the UR Model minority (10) M60 Transnationals (18)
numbers in parentheses indicate the M43 egg Social change (14, 18) M29 Multinational corporations (9) M59 Vested interests in NASA's
pertinent chapters.
age M43 Social control (7,14) 28 Poverty (8) Constellation Project (18)
FUNCTIONALIST 38 Poverty among the 34 Women in combat (11)
PERSPECTIVE M16 Social institutions (5)
M45 Socialization function of elderly (12) FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
fra Defined and explained (1) M60 Privacy and technology (18)
religion (15) Defined and explained (1)
M40 Adoption (13) MD Racism and health (17)
M24 Anomie theory of deviance (7) 17313 M43 Socialization in Clg Day care funding (4)
45 Religion and social control (15)
ea Bilingualism (3) schools (4, 14) M24 Deviance (7)
M59 Social change (18) M9 Dominant ideology (3)
M43 Bureaucratization of CM Sports (1) CM Social control (7)
schools (14) MB Subcultures (3) En Ethnographic research (2)
16 Social institutions (5)
M44 Charter schools (14) M60 Transnationals (18) M40 Family (13)
ejla Socialization in schools (4) 42 Family leave policies (13)
Ca Cow worship in India (1) CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE CEO Sports (1)
ega Subcultures (3) M43 Gender gap in education (14)
M10 M43 Culture (3, 14) CB Defined and explained (1) M34 Gender stratification (11)
M26 Davis and Moore's view of M43 Tracking (14) M10 Language (3)
M36 Abortion (11)
stratification (8) QM Access to health care (17) M60 Transnationals (18) 34 Matrix of domination (1)
M60 Access to technology (18) M24 Victimless crimes (7) M20 Media stereotypes (6)
eff) Death penalty (7) Ma White-collar crime (7) Cl21) Microfinancing (16)
Affirmative action (16) M39 Oneida community (13)
IZEIg Debtors' prisons (7) M29 M56 World systems M20 Pornography (6)
MB Disengagement theory elp Age stratification (12) analysis (9, 18) M24 Rape (7)
egg Bilingualism (3) M45 Religion and socialization (15)
of aging (12) INTERACTIONIST M6 Research methodology (2)
M44 Bureaucratization of
M9 Dominant Ideology (3) PERSPECTIVE 1123 Self-Injury (2)
M24 Durkheim's view of deviance (7) schools (14) Ce Sports (1)
OM Dysfunctions of racism (10) 50 Capitalism (16) Cla Defined and explained (1)
M9 Ethnocentrism (3) M44 Charter schools (14) 60 Transnationals (18)
M28 Executive compensation (8) M36 Activity theory of aging (12) M24 Victimless crimes (7)
M40 Family (13) M28 Corporate welfare (8) M41 Adoption (13) M19 Wage inequality (5)
M42 Family leave policies (13) M8 Women in film (2)
M19 Formal organizations (5) M43 Correspondence principle (14) CEO Affirmative action (16) M36 Women's movement (11)
M4 Credentialism (14)
CB Functions of racism (10) M48 Charismatic authority (16) LABELING THEORY
M10 Culture (3)
M28 Gans's functions of poverty (8) ana Day care funding (4) IND Commuter behavior (1) go Defined and explained (1)
M42 Gay marriage (13)
M34 Gender stratification (11) MD Death penalty (7) M26 Conspicuous consumption (8) M16 Disabilities and labeling (5)
OD Global immigration (10) M24 Deviance (7) INS Contact hypothesis (10) Egig Health and illness (17)
egg Global refugee crisis (10) M16 Disability as a master status (5)
M9 M20 M26 Dominant M 1 0 Culture (3) agE) Human sexuality (12)
033 Health and illness (17) M24 Differential association (7) MB Profiling at airports (10)
alZa Human ecology (17) ideology (3, 6, 8) M24 Racial profiling (7)
alga Income tax (8) MD Doctor-patient interaction (17) M24 Sexual deviance (7)
M18 In-groups and out-groups (5) egg Downsizing (16) M24 Societal reaction
M45 Integrative function of M48 Dramaturgical
M49 Elite model of the U.S. power approach (4,16) approach (7)
religion (15) structure (16) M20 Electronic communication (6) M43 Teacher-expectancy
aEri Internet privacy (6)
M20 Media and social norms (6) M56 Environmental issues (17) M28 Executive compensation (8) effect (14)
M20 Media and socialization (6) M56 Environmentalism (17) M40 Family relationships (13) M24 Victimless crimes (7)
M20 Media and status conferral (6) M28 Executive compensation (8) M42 Family leave policies (13)
(28 Media concentration (6) M42 Gay marriage (13) QUEER THEORY
M20 Media promotion of IMEa Exploitation theory of M34 Gender stratification (11)
M9 Child rearing (3)
consumption (6) discrimination (10) MEI Health and illness (17) egla Gay marriage (12)
M29 Modernization theory (9) M20 Homosexuality in the mass
M29 Multinational corporations (9) M40 Family (13) M19 Human relations approach (5)
M24 Narcotizing effect of the M42 Gay marriage (13) M49 Influence of social media sites media (6)
M43 Gender equity in education (13)
media (6) on politics (16) egg LGBT households (12)
Offshoring (16) M34 Gender stratification (11) GM Media concentration (6)
GM Global immigration (10) M8 Research methodology (2)
I® Microfinancing (16) CEI Sports (1)
en Global refugee crisis (10)
28 Minimum wage laws (8)
mg Gun control (7)
iZEP Obedience (7)
M43 Hidden curriculum (14)
M19 Iron Law of Oligarchy (5) M14 Presentation of the self (4)
M24 Routine activities theory (7)
M26 Marx's view of stratification (8)
M34 Matrix of domination (11) M24 Social disorganization
iZES Media concentration (6) theory (7)
M16 Social institutions (5)
20 Media gatekeeping (6)
M20 Media stereotypes (6)
532 •
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-1117719Porwrwrir'F-r—
Coverage of Race and Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Class
Sociology in Modules provides CHAPTER 6 The Mass Media • M33 Central and South • M44 Black students at White
comprehensive coverage of race Americans universities
and ethnicity, gender, and social • M20 Coverage of women's
class and of the intersection of sports • M33 Economic status of • M43 Brown v. Board of
those variables. This summary racial/ethnic groups Education legacy
table includes a sample of the •s M20 Digital divide
related topics in the text. The • M20 Ethnic stereotypes • M31 M32 M33 Ethnic de M43 College enrollment
dots that precede the entries • M20 Feminist perspectives on inequality among racial minorities and
indicate the type of coverage: women
media • M32 Expulsion of ethnic Roma
• RACE AND ETHNICITY • M20 M21 Gender and online from France • M43 Debate over Title IX
• •• M43 Educational inequality
• 2IAL CLASS gaming •• M33 Global immigration • M43 Gender equity in
• M20 Gender stereotypes • M33 Immigration and diversity
CHAPTER 1 Understanding Sociology • M20 M21 Pornography • M33 Model minority education
M2 Class conflict • M21 Race and audience • M43 Gender gap in education
stereotype • M43 Schooling of girls in
• M4 Community health care perceptions • M31 Multiple racial/ethnic
• M3 Elijah Anderson • M20 Race and Internet use developing nations
• M1 Gender and talkativeness • M20 Race and Oscar identities
• M1 M4 Gender and the 2004 •• M33 Race relations as a zero CHAPTER 15 Religion
nominations
tsunami • M20 Social media use during sum game • M47 Islam in the United
• M1 Hurricane Katrina • M31 White privilege States
• M3 Ida Wells-Barnett Arab Spring
• M2 W. E. B. DuBois CHAPTER 11 Stratification by Gender • M46 Muslim hajj
CHAPTER 7 Deviance, Crimes, and • M45 Religion and economic
CHAPTER 2 Sociological Research Social Control • M34 M36 Entire chapter
•• M34 Afghani women progress
• M6 Gender and scouting • M24 Differential justice • M36 Attitudes toward a • M45 Religion and social
• M5 Gender and self-injury • M24 Ethnicity and deviance
• M6 Gender in movies • M24 Gender and deviance female boss change
• M6 Gender stereotyping in • M25 Race and the death • M47 Religion in India
• M36 Bias against female
children's coloring books penalty CHAPTER 16 Government and
• M6 Televised sports coverage • M23 Race in Milgram's board members the Economy
CHAPTER 3 Culture obedience experiment • M34 Cross-cultural M51 Affirmative action
• M9 M11 Culture and food • M24 Racial profiling • M49 Gender quotas
• M9 M10 M11 M12 Culture and • M24 Social class and deviant perspective on gender
▪ M50 Informal economy
values identity • M35 Gay marriage •• M51 Microfinancing
• M9 M10 M11 M12 Ethnicity M24 M25 White-collar crime • M34 Gender and human OD M48 Native Hawaiian
and language CHAPTER 8 Stratification and Social sexuality sovereignty movement
• M10 Ethnicity and nonverbal Mobility in the United States OD M36 Gender inequality in M49 Power elite
• M49 Race and gender in
communication • M26 M27 M28 Entire chapter housework politics
• M9 M10 Ethnocentrism •• M26 Caste system in India • M51 Racial/ethnic composition
• M26 Class warfare in the U.S. • M35 Gender roles in early of labor force
in education • M49 Women in politics
• M10 M12 Gender and language M26 M27 Ethnicity and wealth childhood M49 Women in uniform
• M28 Feminization of poverty SOO M34 Matrix of domination
M12 Indian call center • M36 Sex discrimination CHAPTER 17 Health, Population,
subculture M26 M27 M28 Gender and •• M36 Symbolic meaning of and Environment
•• M11 Indigenous peoples income
of Brazil • M27 M28 Gender and social Muslim headscarf • M52 Cultural beliefs of
• M12 Linguistic diversity in class immigrants
the U.S. • M28 Gender and social • M34 Women in combat
• M12 Western ethnics in Japan mobility • M53 Doctor-nurse relationship
M28 Hurricane Katrina CHAPTER 12 Stratification by Age •• M55 Environmental justice
CHAPTER 4 Socialization and the aftermath • M53 Gender and health
Life Course • M28 Race and poverty • M38 Aging in Japan • M52 Navajo medicine
• M28 Race and social mobility • M37 Fulani and aging • M55 Population policy in
• M15 Gender roles • M26 M27 Race and wealth • M38 Native Americans and
• M15 Race and socialization • M26 Residential segregation China
• M14 M15 Rites of passage • M26 M27 Shrinking middle death • M56 Racial/ethnic population
• M15 Socialization of Amish class • M38 Race and aging
• M28 Social class and financial • M37 Sherpas and aging and hazardous waste sites
children aid • M37 Social class and aging • M53 Racism and health
• M52 Social class and health
CHAPTER 5 Social Interaction, Social CHAPTER 9 Global Inequality CHAPTER 13 The Family and Human • M54 Women as physicians
Structure, and Groups Sexuality
•• M29 Ethnicity, wealth, and and surgeons
• M16 M17 Cultural differences poverty • M40 M41 Accordion family
in social interaction • M41 Arranged marriage CHAPTER 18 Social Movements and
es M30 Gender and social • M42 Divorce in South Korea Social Change in the Global
• M16 Ethnicity and role strain mobility • M40 Households in which Community
• M16 M19 Gender and formal
• M39 Income mobility women earn more than their • M57 Collective behavior
organizations • M30 Multinational husbands • M57 False consciousness
• M16 Gender and social • M40 Male dominance of • M57 Gender and social
corporations family
institutions • M41 Navajo family movements
• M19 Marx and alienation CHAPTER 10 Racial and Ethnic • M40 Patriarchy in the Oneida • M59 Marx and social change
• M16 Race and social Inequality Community • M58 Relative deprivation
• M60 Transnationals
institutions • M31 M32 M33 Entire chapter •• M40 Polyandry among the • M59 United States: A
• M16 Race as a master status • M33 Aboriginal people of Nyinba
• M17 Social class and social changing nation
Australia • M41 Racial/ethnic differences • M59 Vested interests
institutions M33 Affirmative action in family life ISO M57 Women and new social
• M33 Asian Indians
• M32 #BlackLivesMatter • M41 Single fathers movements in South Korea
• M41 Single-parent families by and India
racial/ethnic group
• M41 Social class differences in
family life
• M41 Transracial adoption
CHAPTER 14 Education
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