77 Gas Sensor Using an MQ Series Sensor 0-1.es/77 The MQ series of gas sensors use a small heater inside with an electro-chemical sensor. They are sensitive for a range of gasses at room temperature such as methane, butane, propane, natural gas, LPG, smoke, alcohol, ethanol, ozone, hydrogen, benzene, hydrogen sulfide, toluene, acetone, CO2, CO, etc. LOAD RESISTOR 10kΩ The sensor heater draws 150mA Do not power it with your board! Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! B Analog signal H B A H A +5V Rear view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 151 23/11/2017 18:02
78 Sharp GP2Y0A21 Distance Sensor Basic Connections 0-1.es/78 The Sharp GP2Y0A21 distance sensor is a popular choice for many projects that require accurate distance measurements, it has a measuring range of 10 to 80cm (4 to 32in). The relationship between the output voltage and the inverse of the measured distance is nonlinear and needs to be linearized in the code. OUT GND VCC 10µF 16V GND OUT VCC Sensor +5V Analog signal Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! +- 10µF 16V 104 J100 100nF ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 152 23/11/2017 18:02
79 DIY microSD Card Reader Basic Connections 0-1.es/79 microSD to SD card adapters come bundled with many microSD cards nowadays. You can build this circuit to convert that adapter into a microSD card reader for your microcontroller board. 1.8kΩ 1.8kΩ 3.3kΩ 100nF 104 J100 +3.3V 1 2 3 4 SS MOSI SCK MISO Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 153 23/11/2017 18:02
79 Pinout SD Card 0-1.es/79 Adapter Lock DAT2 DAT3 CMD GND VDD CLK GND DAT0 DAT1 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 154 23/11/2017 18:02
80 SD Card Using the 4050 Buffer 0-1.es/80 If you want to have a more professional, reliable and faster SD card reader you can opt for building this circuit using the 4050 buffer/converter instead of the DIY SD card reader circuit. 100nF 104 J100 MISO SCK SS MOSI +3.3V 1 2 3 4 MISO SCK MOSI SS Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! 74HC4050D CKM68104 NXP TnD1602B ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 155 23/11/2017 18:02
1 2 3 4 80 SD Card Socket Pinout 0-1.es/80 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 DAT3 CMD GND VDD CLK GND DAT0 DAT1 DAT2 DAT0 CLK DAT3 CMD MISO SCK MOSI SS Top view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 156 23/11/2017 18:02
81 3-Wire Computer Fan Basic Connections 0-1.es/81 D S G N 100kΩ 100Ω PWM fan control Interrupt pin 10kΩ +12V 1µF 1N4007 105 J100 A K SEN +5V VCC GND VCC GND SENVCC GND SEN 1 2 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! IRL540 IRL540 I R 205E 06 36 G D S ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 157 23/11/2017 18:02
82 4-Wire Computer Fan Basic Connections 0-1.es/82 PWM fan control Interrupt pin CTR GND VCC SEN VCC CTR GND SENVCC CTR GND SEN 10kΩ 10kΩ 4.7kΩ 1 2 +12V 3V3 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! PWM operating range 21kHz to 28kHz A K ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 158 23/11/2017 18:02
83 Bi-Directional Level Converter Basic Connections 0-1.es/83 10kΩ S D G N 10kΩ +3.3V +5V 3.3V signal 5V signal Bi-directional logic level converters allow you to connect devices that use 3.3V logic level signals to microcontroller boards that use 5V, and vice versa. You can use both 3.3V and 5V supply voltages for this circuit or use only the 5V supply and a voltage divider to obtain 3.3V. Up to 200mA! Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! S D G 2N7000 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 159 23/11/2017 18:03
83 Bi-Directional Level Converter Voltage Divider Connections 0-1.es/83 10kΩ S D G N 4.7kΩ 10kΩ +5V Up to 200mA! 3.3V signal 5V signal Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! S D G 2N7000 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 160 23/11/2017 18:03
84 3.3V to 5V Level Shifter Basic Connections 0-1.es/84 5V signal OUT 3.3V signal IN Logic level shifters allow you to connect devices that use 3.3V logic level signals to microcontroller boards that use 5V, or vice versa, depending on the circuit you build. Logic level shifters only allow for the signal to go from one particular logic level to another. Select the circuit according to your needs. Up to 800mA! C E B NPN 1kΩ C E B NPN 1kΩ 1kΩ 1.5kΩ +5V Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! E C B 2N2222 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 161 23/11/2017 18:03
84 5V to 3.3V Level Shifter Basic Connections 0-1.es/84 3.3V signal OUT 5V signal IN Up to 800mA! C E B NPN 1kΩ C E B NPN 1kΩ 1kΩ 470Ω +5V Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! E C B 2N2222 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 162 23/11/2017 18:03
85 4050 Level Shifter Pinout 0-1.es/85 The 4050 is a hex buffer with over-voltage tolerant inputs. Inputs are overvoltage tolerant to up to 15V, which enables the device to be used in HIGH-to-LOW level shifting applications. The “hex” part means there’s actually six separate buffers in one chip. 4A nc 6Y 6A nc 5Y 5A 4Y GND 3A 3Y 1A 1Y Vcc 2Y 2A 4050 100nF 104 J100 Up to 20mA per I/O pin! +3.3V 5V 01 3V 01 3V 04 5V 04 3V 05 5V 05 3V 06 5V 06 5V 02 3V 02 5V 03 3V 03 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! TnD1602B CKM68104 74HC4050D NXP TnD1602B CKM68104 74HC4050D NXP ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 163 23/11/2017 18:03
86 74125 Level Shifter Pinout 0-1.es/86 The 74125 is a quad buffer/line driver with 3-state outputs controlled by the output enable inputs (E). A HIGH on E pin causes the outputs to assume a high-impedance OFF state. The “quad” part means there’s actually four separate buffers/line driver in one chip. Up to 35mA per I/O pin! Vcc E4 A4 Y4 E3 A3 GND 3Y Y2 Y1 A1 E1 E2 A2 74125 100nF 104 J100 +3.3V 5V 01 3V 01 5V 02 3V 02 3V 03 5V 03 3V 04 5V 04 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! Un60931D L9C9H515 74HC125D NXP Un60931D L9C9H515 74HC125D NXP ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 164 23/11/2017 18:03
87 Voltage Divider Theory 0-1.es/87 A voltage divider is a simple circuit that produces an output voltage that is a fraction of its input voltage by using just two series resistors. Voltage dividers are one of the most fundamental circuits in electronics. VOUT = VIN × R2 / (R1 + R2) VOUT = 5V × 3.3kΩ / (1.8kΩ + 3.3kΩ) VOUT = 3.2V FORMULA ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 165 23/11/2017 18:03
88 TTL-CMOS Level Shifter Using the MC14504 0-1.es/88 The MC14504x is a hex non−inverting level shifter using CMOS technology. The level shifter will shift a TTL signal to CMOS logic levels for any CMOS supply voltage between 5 and 15 volts. A control input also allows interface from CMOS to CMOS at one logic level to another logic level. DIN VDD FOUT FIN MODE EOUT EIN DOUT GND CIN COUT AIN AOUT VCC BOUT BIN MC14504 100nF 104 J100 Up to 10mA per port! +5V CMOS TTL 01 CMOS 01 TTL 02 CMOS 02 TTL 03 CMOS 03 CMOS 04 TTL 04 CMOS 05 TTL 05 CMOS 06 TTL 06 +5V Mode select Input logic levels Output logic levels 1 (VCC) 2 (VDD) CMOS TTL CMOS CMOS Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! 3V to 18V operation for VDD and VCC MC14504BCP CPDX0422 MC14504BCP CPDX0422 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 166 23/11/2017 18:03
89 I/O Pin Protection Using a Zener Diode 0-1.es/89 Using Clamping Diodes Microcontroller pin 220Ω Microcontroller pin 220Ω +5V A K A K If you want the limit value to be closer to 5.2 V rather than 5.7V use Schottky diodes instead of regular silicon diodes Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! A K 5V1 1N4148 IABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 167 23/11/2017 18:03
90 I/O Pin Filtering & Protection Basic Connections Two Microcontroller Boards Basic Connections 0-1.es/90 Microcontroller A Microcontroller B 1kΩ Microcontroller pin 10Ω 1kΩ 47kΩ +5V +5V A K A K 100nF 104 J100 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! 1N5819 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 168 23/11/2017 18:03
91 VGA Output Basic Connections 0-1.es/91 Female conn. Rear view 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 3 HSYNC 4 VSYNC 1 COL1 2 COL2 68Ω 470Ω 470Ω 68Ω COL1 COL2 COL1 R COL2 G COL1 R COL2 B COL1 G COL2 B COL1 R COL2 G B COL1 R G B COL2 B COL1 R COL2 G Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! R G B ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 169 23/11/2017 18:03
92 Composite Output Basic Connections 0-1.es/92 VIDEO OUT 1kΩ 470Ω 470Ω 1 SYNC 2 VIDEO AUDIO OUT 470Ω 470Ω 3 AUDIO Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! VIDEO 75Ω resistor required between and GND on the RCA plug for a very small subset of TVs ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 170 23/11/2017 18:03
93 Single-Transistor Amplifier Basic Connections 0-1.es/93 C E B NPN 100kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 1kΩ 1µF 1µF 105 J100 104 J100 100nF VOLUME 10kΩ +5V 8Ω Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! E C B 2N2222 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 171 23/11/2017 18:03
94 Audio Amplifier Using the LM386 Audio Amplifier 0-1.es/94 330nF 104 J100 334 J100 10µF 100µF 8Ω 10µF 10Ω 10kΩ 100nF 100nF +5V GAIN 10kΩ 10kΩ BASS 10kΩ VOLUME Bass boost GAIN BYP VCC VOUT IN+ INGAIN GND LM386 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! LM386N 13RFVAJ +- 10µF 25V ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 172 23/11/2017 18:03
95 Preamplifier Basic Connections 0-1.es/95 C E B NPN 100kΩ 10kΩ 10kΩ 10µF 16V 104 J100 100nF VOLUME 10kΩ +5V 10µF 16V AUDIO OUT Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! E C B 2N2222 +- 10µF 16V ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 173 23/11/2017 18:03
96 Microphone Using the LM386 Audio Amplifier 0-1.es/96 104 J100 10µF 16V 100µF 16V 10µF 16V 10Ω 10kΩ 10kΩ 100nF +5V 100nF GAIN BYP VCC VOUT IN+ INGAIN GND LM386 LEVEL 10kΩ Analog signal Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! Check the datasheet for the microphone to find out the most suitable value for the pull-up resistor LM386N 13RFVAJ +- 10µF 16V +- 10µF 16V ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 174 23/11/2017 18:03
97 Simple 5V Power Supply Basic Connections 0-1.es/97 +7���+12V IN 100nF 100nF 104 J100 330µF 25V 100µF 16V K A Up to 1.5A! +5V OUT 7805 IN OUT GND 220Ω A K Optional power on LED 7805 ADJ OUT IN 1N4007 Don't forget to attach a heat sink to the 7805 if are connecting a high-power load! Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! A K +- 25V 330µF ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 175 23/11/2017 18:03
98 Simple 3.3V Power Supply Basic Connections 0-1.es/98 +5���+40V IN 100nF 100nF 104 J100 10µF 25V 100µF 16V K A Up to 1.5A! +3.3V OUT LM317 IN OUT ADJ Don't forget to attach a heat sink to the LM317 if are connecting a high-power load! Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! 1N4007 LM317 ADJ OUT IN +- 10µF 25V 390Ω 240Ω ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 176 23/11/2017 18:03
99 Simple Adjustable Power Supply Using the LM317 Voltage Regulator 0-1.es/99 VOUT R1 R2 3.3V 5V 6V 9V 240Ω 240Ω 750Ω 240Ω 1kΩ 240Ω 1.5Ω 390Ω Up to 1.5A! Up to 5A! IN OUT You can use a tri��er instead of R1 and R2 to adjust the output voltage manually LM317 IN OUT ADJR2 R1 VOUT = 1.25 × (1 + (R2 / R1)) VOUT = 1.25 × (1 + (390 / 240)) VOUT = 3.28V LM317 ADJ OUT IN LM338 ADJ OUT IN ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 177 23/11/2017 18:03
100 Full-Wave Rectifier Basic Connections Bridge Rectifier 0-1.es/100 100µF 25V 110V or 220V AC 12V AC 14.9V DC 12V AC RMS 14.94V DC When using a bridge rectifier and a capacitor VOUT = (VIN - 1.4) × 1.41 VOUT = (12 - 1.4) × 1.41 VOUT = 14.946V 10.6V DC +- 25V 100µF ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 178 23/11/2017 18:03
WARNING! Mains voltage electricity is very dangerous. There is a high risk of death through electrocution if mains electricity is allowed to pass through your body, adding to the risk of fire or explosion if electricity is not cabled and fused correctly. NEVER connect mains voltage to a breadboard! Use the instructions and suggestions in ABC: Basic Connections at your own risk. PighiXXX and the author disclaim all responsibility for any resulting damage, injury, or expense. It is your responsibility to make sure that your activities comply with the safety precautions. ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 179 23/11/2017 18:03
Generally, dealing with voltages lower than 50V is relatively safe, but anything above that can be dangerous. Always make the proper connections with the wires disconnected from the power outlet. Isolation between wires and other parts of the circuit that work at lower voltages is crucial. Always use wires rated for the voltage and current applied to them. This also applies, specifically for current, for all circuits covered in this book. Unless otherwise stated, do not connect DC signal ground (GND) and AC ground (earth) together! WARNING! ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 180 23/11/2017 18:03
101 TRIAC Using the MOC3023S 0-1.es/101 C E B NPN 4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ 680Ω HIGH Light turns on when pin is set to +5V Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! MOC3O23 BTA08-600 PHIL BTA08 600C A9 32 T1 T2 G E C B 2N2222 330Ω S A2 A1 TRIAC ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 181 23/11/2017 18:03
102 Zero-Crossing Detector Using the H11AA1 Optocoupler 0-1.es/102 110V or 220V AC 2.2kΩ +5V 10kΩ Interrupt pin 1W Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! H11AA1 8 14GG H11AA1 A B K C NC E 12V AC ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 182 23/11/2017 18:03
103 Solid-State Relay Basic Connections 0-1.es/103 C E B NPN 4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ +5V Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! HIGH Relay turns on when pin is set to E C B 2N2222 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 183 23/11/2017 18:03
104 RC Snubber Network Theory 0-1.es/104 104 J100 POWER LOAD 100nF 47Ω SIMPLE FORMULA FORMULA R(Ω) � voltage(V) × (.5 to 1) C(µF) � current(A) × (.5 to 1) Inductive Load Snubbers are used in electrical systems with an inductive load where the sudden interruption of current flow leads to a sharp rise in voltage across the current switching device. A simple RC snubber uses a resistor and a capacitor in series to suppress a rapid rise in voltage. C = I2 10 50 E R(Ω) = E 10 × I × (I + ) The capacitor must be non-polarized and its voltage rating � voltage × (2 to 4) The power rating of the resistor may need to be as high as 10W for circuit activations every few seconds Standard values are 47Ω for the resistor and 100nF for the capacitor ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 184 23/11/2017 18:03
105 Soft Latching Power ON Switch Basic Connections 0-1.es/105 300kΩ S D G P D S G N 100kΩ 10kΩ 100kΩ 100kΩ +7.5���+9V VOUT Power OFF pin G D S IRLD024 N-Channel MOSFET P-Channel MOSFET G D S IRFD9020 470nF 100nF 100nF Power ON 4.7µF 104 J100 Up to 2.5A! Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! +- 16V 4.7µF LOW Circuit turns off when pin is set to ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 185 23/11/2017 18:03
106 Reverse Voltage Protection Basic Connections 0-1.es/106 S D G P D S G P P-Channel MOSFET G D S IRFD9020 +5���+12V VOUT 100k٠100k٠Up to 2.5A! 6V8 Power ON C E B NPN 2.2k٠Optional soft ON circuit Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! HIGH Circuit turns on when pin is set to A K E C B 2N2222 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 186 23/11/2017 18:03
107 RS-485 Interface RS-485 Node Using the 75176 Transceiver 0-1.es/107 100kΩ +5V 100nF J1 J2 J3 104 J100 VDD B A GND DE RE R D 75176 3 RX 2 R/T 1 TX 4.7kΩ 4.7kΩ 56Ω 56Ω 120Ω Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! A98161 54M 75176A A98161 54M 75176A A B ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 187 23/11/2017 18:03
AB107 RS-485 Interface Node Termination Jumpers RS-485 is a standard for serial co��unication transmission of data, especially useful to transmit data over long distances and in electrically noisy environments. Typical applications are process automation (chemicals, brewing, paper mills), factory automation, security, and motor control. First Last Middle J1 J2 J3 J1 J2 J3 J1 J2 J3 Twisted pair Maximum cable lenght 1.2km (4000ft) First Node Middle Node Maximum number of drivers and receivers per line: 32 Last Node ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 188 23/11/2017 18:03
108 MIDI IN Using the 6N138 Optocoupler 0-1.es/108 A K 1 VDD VB VA GND C A NC NC 6N138 220Ω +5V RX 2 J1 THOUT Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! Short J1 to copy data stream from the input to the THRU port 1N4148 0708S2 6N138 220Ω 5-pin DIN conn. Rear view 1 2 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 189 23/11/2017 18:03
109 MIDI OUT Using the 74HCT125 Bus Buffer 0-1.es/109 100nF Vcc E4 A4 Y4 E3 A3 GND 3Y Y2 Y1 A1 E1 E2 A2 74HC125 220Ω +5V 104 J100 TX THIN 1 2 THIN THOUT Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! Connect to for a THRU MIDI Port 220Ω HRR0027C D4458ME 74HCT125D HRR0027C D4458ME 74HCT125D 5-pin DIN connector Rear view HRR0027C D4458ME HRR0027C D4458ME ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 190 23/11/2017 18:03
110 Multiple MIDI OUT Basic Connections 0-1.es/110 220Ω 220Ω +5V D S G P 330Ω TX +5V 10kΩ Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! IRLIB9343 IRLIB9343 J5 E3 P425G G D S 220Ω 220Ω 220Ω 5-pin DIN connector Rear view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 191 23/11/2017 18:03
110 MIDI Pinout MIDI Daisy Chain 0-1.es/110 MIDI is a widely-used protocol that allows a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers and other related devices to connect and co��unicate with one another. You can build a MIDI controller with your microcontroller board and connect it to your computer to control a sequencer and play music! VREF NC DATA NC GND 2 5 3 4 1 Pins 3 and 1 are used for implementing power over MIDI 3 1 Shielded twisted pair Master Slave OUT IN THRU Slave IN 5-pin DIN connector Front view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 192 23/11/2017 18:03
111 DMX Interface Using the 75176 Transceiver 0-1.es/111 VDD B A GND DE RE R D 75176 100nF 104 J100 +5V 100Ω Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! A98161 54M 75176A A98161 54M 75176A Female XLR-5 conn. Rear view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 193 23/11/2017 18:03
n. 111 DMX Pinout 0-1.es/111 5 4 1 2 3 DMX2 DMX2 1 3 2 DAT+ GND DATGND DAT+ DATDAT+ DATFemale XLR-5 connector Front view Female XLR-3 conn. Front view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 194 23/11/2017 18:04
112 RS-232 Interface Using the MAX232 RS-232 Driver 0-1.es/112 100nF 104 J100 A K A K +5V 1kΩ 1kΩ RX 5 TX 4 RTS 3 GND 2 VCC 1 100nF 100nF 100nF Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! +MAX232CPE 0530 A K 1 2 3 4 5 Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! Male DB9 conn. Front view 100nF 100nF ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 195 23/11/2017 18:04
5432112 RS-232 MAX232 Pinout RS-232 Pinout 0-1.es/112 3 4 TXD 2 RXD 1 DCD 6 DSR 7 RTS DTR GND 5 RI 9 CTS 8 R2OUT VCC GND T1OUT R1IN R1OUT T1IN T2IN R2IN T2OUT C1+ Vs+ C1- C2+ C2- VsMAX232 RS-232 is a standard for serial co��unication transmission of data. It was once a standard feature of a personal computer, but USB has displaced it from most of its peripheral interface roles mainly because of its low transmission speed. Nevertheless, RS-232 devices are still used, especially in industrial machines. MAX232CPE +0530 Female DB9 conn. Front view ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 196 23/11/2017 18:04
113 RTC Using the DS1307 I2 C RTC 0-1.es/113 104 J100 VDD SQW SCL SDA VBAT X2 X1 GND DS1307 4.7kΩ SCL 2 SDA 2 100nF +5V Pull-up resistors 3V 32,768kHz Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! If the backup battery is not in use connect VBAT to GND 022AD 0219A4 DS1307 022AD 0219A4 DS1307 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 197 23/11/2017 18:04
114 EEPROM Using the 24Cxx Series EEPROM 0-1.es/114 VDD WP SCL SDA A2 A1 A0 GND 24Cxx Write disabled when connected to VCC instead of GND 104 J100 4.7kΩ SCL 2 SDA 2 100nF +5V Pull-up resistors Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! P127 D 24C02 ATMEL516 P127 D 24C02 ATMEL516 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 198 23/11/2017 18:04
115 Digital Potentiometer Using the MCP416x 0-1.es/115 VDD P0B P0W P0A SDI/SDO SCK CS GND MCP416x 104 J100 3 MOSI 2 SCK 1 OUT 100nF B W A +5V Up to 5V! 100kΩ B W A Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! E/P 3VW 4162-103 0741 e3 E/P 3VW 4162-103 0741 e3 ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 199 23/11/2017 18:04
116 Buffer Using the LM358 10µF 100nF 0-1.es/116 VDD OUT2 IN-2 IN+2 IN+1 IN-1 OUT1 GND LM358 +3V���+32V VOUT 10kΩ 1.5kΩ 10µF 16V 104 J100 1kΩ CALIBRATION 1kΩ Don't forget to connect all the ground wires together! At 5V supply voltage, max output is 3.4V LM358P 112DVSH +- 10µF 16V ABC Basic Connections 2018.indd 200 23/11/2017 18:04