CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

Student should be able :

ELOBRATE TO DEFINITION AND
CONCEPT OF

importance of manufacturing
manufacturing system

Explain the position of types of manufacturing
manufacturing systems in
system
the larger production
system

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

The word manufacture is derived What is
manufacturing?
from two Latin words manus (hand)
and factus (make); the combination

means “made by hand”

it is defined in the Collins English Dictionary
(1998) as: processing or making (a product)
from raw materials, especially as a large-scale
operation using machinery.

In a modern context, this definition can be expanded
further to: The making of products from raw materials
using various processes, equipment, operations and
manpower according to a detailed plan.

A branch of industry, is the application of
tools and processes for the
transformation of raw materials into
finished products.

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

A set of components that are
connected in a way to perform a task in
an environment, which fulfills a mission.

System is an arrangement or assembly of inter-dependent
processes (activities) that are based on some logic and
function. It operates as a whole and is designed (build) with
an intension to achieve (fulfill) some objective or do some
work. Huge systems are often a collection (assembly) of
smaller sub-systems.

Components are drive, frame, ram,
bed, etc. They are connected in a
definite way to perform a task or

function

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

A collection of integrated equipment
and human resources, whose function
is to perform one or more processing

and/or assembly operations on a
starting raw material, part, or set of

parts”

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

The term manufacturing system refers to a collection or arrangement operations and processes used to make a
desired product or component. It includes of the actual equipment for composing the processes and the

arrangement of those processes. In a manufacturing system, if there is a change or disturbance in the system, the
system should accommodate or adjust itself and continue to function efficiently. Normally the effect of disturbance

must be counteracted by controllable inputs or the system itself.

Activity 1
Take the following items and state (i) what the inputs are and (ii) what transformation
processes are need to take place to achieve the finished item:

(a) 500g packet of butter
(b) A daily newspaper
In each case look at the materials, labour, equipment and management required and say how
they are used to make the product.

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

❑Making things has been an essential human
activity since before recorded history.

❑Manufacturing system themselves can be
thought of it either:
a. Technological
b. Economically
c. Historically

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

01 TECHNOLOGICALLY

Manufacturing is important in helping our society
and its members to live better by manufactured
those things/ products that are needed or desired

ECONOMICALLY

02 Manufacturing sector is important in creating a nation
material wealth; for example, it is one of major driver
towards economic growth in Malaysia

03 HISTORICALLY

Manufacturing is an important in development of
civilization. Throughout history, nation/ civilization
that were better at making/ manufacture things were
more success

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

Manufacturing is the essential factor MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
that makes technology possible.
Looking at the process purely in You can simply impress your audience
technical terms the main features are and add a unique zing and appeal to your
those shown below. The manufacturing Presentations. Easy to change colors,
process is used to turn raw material photos and Text. Get a modern
into finished items. The manufacturing PowerPoint Presentation that is
process contributes the technology beautifully designed. You can simply
to bring this about impress your audience and add a unique
zing and appeal to your Presentations.
Easy to change colors, photos and Text.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation
that is beautifully designed.

MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

Transformation of materials into items of
greater value by one or more
processing and/or assembly operations
However, if we look at manufacturing in
terms of economics then a different
picture is apparent. In this case it is the
value that is added to the inputs that is
important.

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

Activity 4 :
Name one company you have heard of from each of the categories above

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

• Industry consists of enterprises and

organizations that produce or supply

goods and services

• Industries can be classified as:

PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

- cultivate and exploit natural

resources, e.g., agriculture, mining

SECONDARY INDUSTRIES

- take the outputs of primary industries and
convert them into consumer and capital
goods . Manufacturing is mostly concerned
with this category, but construction can
also be included here

TERTIARY INDUSTRIES

- Service Sector

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

A “Production System” is a system whose function is to transform an input into a
desired output by means of a process (the production process) and of resources.
The definition of a production system is thus based on four main elements: the

input, the resources, the production process and the output.

Most of the organizations (including non-profit organization) can be described as
production systems. These organizations transform (or convert) a set of inputs
(such as materials, labour, equipment, energy etc.) in to one or useful outputs. The
outputs of a production system are normally called products. These products may
be:
(a)Tangible goods - Steels, chemicals etc
(b)Intangible services - Teaching, health care etc
(c)combination of (a) and (b) - fast food, tailoring etc.)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

Aircraft, computers, 01 products purchased
communication equipment, directly by consumers
medical apparatus, trucks,
machine tools, construction
equipment

those purchased by 02 Cars, clothes, TVs,
companies to produce goods tennis rackets
and/or provide services

Activity 3
Choose one company or business from the area where you live. Try to decide

what the inputs, transformation and outputs are. State how it adds value to the
inputs.

PRODUCTION SYSTEM COMPONENT

You can simply impress your audience and add a unique zing and appeal to your
Presentations. Easy to change colors, photos and Text.

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

The transformation process involves many activities and operation necessary to change inputs to output. These operations
and activities can be mechanical, chemical, inspection and control, material handling operation etc. Two categories of
production systems: a) manufacturing support system b) Production facilities

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

TYPE OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

An assembly line is a manufacturing process (most of the time called 01 ASSEMBLY LINE
a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable 02
parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from BATCH PRODUCTION
workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence
until the final assembly is produced. COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
Batch production is a technique used in manufacturing, in
which the object in question is created stage by stage over
a series of workstations, and different batches of products

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) refers to the use 03
of computer-controlled machineries and automation systems
in manufacturing products. CIM combines various
technologies like computer-aided design (CAD) and
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to provide an error-
free manufacturing process that reduces manual labor and
automates repetitive tasks.

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovMz2gTjvFA

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

ASSEMBLY
LINE

• Economies of scale can be • Standardised product
achieved as cost per unit produced
will be low
• High initial set-up costs of
• Automated assembly lines automated assembly lines
save time and money • Workers find work
repetitive and boring
• Quality systems can be
built into the production Some examples:
at each stage •car assembly plant

•bottling plant
•bicycle production line

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eq4C9ch-vk

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

BATCH
PRODUCTION

• Allows flexible production • Making many small batches
• Inventories of part-finished can be expensive

goods can be stored and • If production runs are
completed later different there may be
additional costs and
delays in preparing
equipment

Some examples:
•bakery

•Bottle production
• electronic part

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

COMPUTER
INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING

(CIM)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDpXWp-Ger4

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

• Less employee wages and • More difficult to customize
costs orders

• Quality can be • Breakdowns in production
standardized, the same can be costly

every time • Initial set up costs of
• Machines can work machinery are high

continuously, 24/7

Some examples:
•car assembly plant

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7fi4hP_y80

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)

PREPARED BY : SULLYFAIZURA BINTI MOHD RAWI ~ JKM ~ PSMZA (DJF41052~ MANUFACTURING SYSTEM)