Covalen
• The type of electrical
atoms are held togeth
attraction for shared e
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nt Bonds
attraction in which
her by their mutual
electrons.
on-Wesley
Covalen
• The type of electrical
atoms are held togeth
attraction for shared e
• There are two electro
covalent bond.
• The covalent bond is
straight line.
FF
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nt Bonds
attraction in which
her by their mutual
electrons.
ons within a single
represented using a
F—F
on-Wesley
Covalen
• The number of covale
form equals its numbe
electrons.
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nt Bonds
ent bonds an atom can
er of unpaired valence
on-Wesley
Covalen
• The number of covale
form equals its numbe
electrons.
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nt Bonds
ent bonds an atom can
er of unpaired valence
on-Wesley
Covalen
• The number of covale
form equals its numbe
electrons.
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nt Bonds
ent bonds an atom can
er of unpaired valence
on-Wesley
Covalen
• The number of covale
form equals its numbe
electrons.
• Multiple covalent bond
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nt Bonds
ent bonds an atom can
er of unpaired valence
ds are possible.
on-Wesley
Non-polar Co
• Electrons within a cov
evenly when the two a
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ovalent Bonds
valent bond are shared
atoms are the same.
on-Wesley
Polar Cova
• Electrons within a cov
evenly when the two a
• They may be shared u
when the bonded atom
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addiso
alent Bonds
valent bond are shared
atoms are the same.
unevenly, however,
ms are different.
on-Wesley
Polar Cova
• Electrons within a cov
evenly when the two a
• They may be shared u
when the bonded atom
• Electronegativity: The
atom to pull on shared
electronegativity mean
power.”
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alent Bonds
valent bond are shared
atoms are the same.
unevenly, however,
ms are different.
e ability of a bonded
d electrons. Greater
ans greater “pulling
on-Wesley
Polar Cova
• Electronegativity: The
atom to pull on shared
electronegativity mean
power.”
Low
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addiso
alent Bonds
e ability of a bonded
d electrons. Greater
ans greater “pulling
High
on-Wesley
Polar Cova
• Electronegativity: The
atom to pull on shared
electronegativity mean
power”.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addiso
alent Bonds
e ability of a bonded
d electrons. Greater
ans greater “pulling
on-Wesley
Polar Cova
CHECK YOU
Which is heavier: carbon dioxi
A. Carbon dioxide is heavier.
B. Water is heavier.
C. They both have the same num
same.
D. It depends.
Explanation:
Look to the Periodic Table and ad
each of these substances. Carbon
water is only 18 amu. So, carbon d
At room temperature, carbon dioxi
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alent Bonds
UR ANSWER
ide, CO2, or water, H2O?
mber of atoms so they weigh the
dd up the masses of the atoms within
n dioxide adds up to 44 amu, while
dioxide is more than twice as heavy.
ide is a gas because it is nonpolar.
on-Wesley
Molecula
• But if polar bonds with
facing in equal and op
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ar Polarity
hin a molecule are
pposite directions…
on-Wesley
Molecula
• But if polar bonds with
facing in equal and op
…then the polarity ma
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ar Polarity
hin a molecule are
pposite directions…
ay cancel itself out.
on-Wesley
Molecula
• But if polar bonds with
facing in equal and op
…then the polarity ma
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ar Polarity
hin a molecule are
pposite directions…
ay cancel itself out.
…or not!
on-Wesley
Molecula
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ar Polarity
on-Wesley
Molecular
CHECK YOUR
Water has such a relatively hig
water
A. is such a heavy substance.
B. is transparent so that heat pass
C. contains three atoms per molec
D. molecules are so sticky.
Explanation:
The slightly negative end of one
slightly positive end of another
attraction must be overcome be
transform into the gaseous pha
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r Polarity
R NEIGHBOR
gh boiling point because
ses right through it.
cule.
e water molecule holds onto the
water molecule. This force of
efore the liquid water can
ase.
on-Wesley
Molecular A
• Ion–dipole
The attraction betwe
dipole. Example: Na
H OH H
Na+ O
H
HO
H
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Attractions
een an ion and a
aCl in water.
OH HO
H Cl- H
H H
O
on-Wesley
Molecular A
• Ion–dipole
The attraction betwe
dipole. Example: Na
• Dipole–dipole
The attraction betwe
two dipoles.
Example: cohesive
forces within water.
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Attractions
een an ion and a
aCl in water.
een
on-Wesley
Molecular A
• Ion–dipole
The attraction betwe
dipole. Example: Na
• Dipole–dipole
The attraction betwe
Example: cohesive f
• Dipole–induced dipole
The attraction betwe
induced dipole.
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Attractions
een an ion and a
aCl in water.
een two dipoles.
forces within water.
e
een a dipole and an
on-Wesley
Molecular A
• Dipole–induced dipole
The attraction betwe
induced dipole.
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Attractions
e
een a dipole and an
on-Wesley
Molecular A
CHECK YOU
A nonpolar material, such as o
polar material, such as water,
A. ion–dipole attractions.
B. dipole–dipole attractions.
C. dipole–induced dipole attrac
D. All of the above.
Explanation:
This is a relatively weak force o
not much oxygen dissolves in th
however, to allow fish to live.
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Attractions
UR ANSWER
oxygen, O2, is soluble in a
H2O, by way of
ctions.
of attraction, which explains why
he water. There is enough,
on-Wesley
Molecular A
A fourth molecula
induced dipole-ind
occurs between no
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Attractions
ar attraction is the
duced dipole, which
onpolar molecules.
on-Wesley
Molecular A
Nonpolar atoms are attracted to each
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addiso
Attractions
other by these “momentary” dipoles,
on-Wesley
Molecular A
The larger the atom, the stro
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addiso
Attractions
onger the “momentary” dipole.
on-Wesley
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Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - ES105.2008.0207.Bonding.ppt Author: brownk Created Date: 2/7/2008 9:09:00 AM
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