Approved by Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education, Curriculum Development Centre, Sano Thimi, Bhaktapur as an additional materialModern ConceptScience 2H e a l t h & P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n
Science 2H e a l t h & P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o nModern ConceptPublisher & DistributorNova Publication (Pvt) Ltd.Satungal, Kathmandu, NepalTel: 0977-1-4230545AuthorsChinta Mani PantheeKamal NeupaneShishir Kumar DattaEditorBijaya lal ShresthaEditionFirst, 2075Second, 2076Reprint 2078Reprint 2080 Reprint 2081Reprint 2083© CopyrightChinta Mani PantheeComputer LayoutRSB DesktopPrinted at:Nepal
Road Map to the TeachersScience is a systematic study of the phenomena occurring in the world. Development of science and teaching is a great achievement of the 21st century. So, understanding the facts, concepts, laws and principles of science is very essential rather than rote learning. Teaching inside a classroom in a formative assessment-oriented way is not a goal of teaching-learning activities. The effective teaching-learning activities help students to achieve the goals of life by gaining knowledge, skills and values of life. Therefore, various teaching learning activities can be adopted to science according to nature of the branch, area, topic and sub-topics. For effective teaching learning process teachers are expected to emphasize the use of various teaching learning tools, techniques and materials. They are also expected to use the local teaching learning materials as far as possible. To achieve the goal of teaching learning process, we can adopt various methods according to situation, place and interest of the students.If a teacher flies, then the students run.If a teacher runs, then the students walk. If a teacher walks, then the students sit.If a teacher sits, then the students sleep.Facilitating LearningFacilitating learning includes the teaching learning processes which are easier, faster and sustainable. Teachers need to facilitate true learning experience by using effective process of teaching-learning activities. The teaching learning facilitation process includes different methods. Some of them are given below:i. Lecture method: Oral presentations to a large group of passive students contribute very little to real learning. In most of the cases of group teaching, lecturing skills and experience of the teachers do not correlate students’ grades. Despite the limitations of the lecture method, it is an alternative method in a situation with limited resources.ii. Discussion method: The level of students’ participation in learning activities is expected more in a discussion method. It can be:a. Teacher- centered: Here, students answer the teacher’s questions.b. Student-centered: In this method, students address to each other, and the teacher mainly guides the discussion towards the important points.iii. Demonstration method: It is an effective way to illustrate concepts in the class. Mostly, the use of everyday objects for the demonstration of scientific phenomena is more effective. Students’ interest is increased if they are asked to make predictions about the possible outcomes. In this method, the teacher’s careful attention to engage all students is mandatory. Otherwise, it may result in a passive learning.iv. Question-answer method: Questioning is an old strategy. The steps of this method are: Prepare questions and arrange them in a logical sequence to increase the curiosity of the students.Ask new questions by linking them with the learners’ response.v. Field study: Teaching various natural phenomena in a scientific way becomes more effective when students learn by going on a real field visit. Field visits to botanical gardens, research centers, industries, zoo, etc. are important in the sense of real learning through experience.
vi. Experimental method: Teaching science without an experimental method is not an effective teaching-learning activity. Experimentation is essential for scientific knowledge and understanding. So, teachers are requested to allow various activities and experiments inside and outside the classroom.vii Mini Project Method: Knowledge and skill gained through practical work and project work are more sustainable. It outlines what our students need to know in this era of science and technology. It is an educational approach in teaching by an intellectual effort of students or students and teacher together.Project Based Learning (PBL): It is an authentic learning activity that fosters students’ interest and motivation. It provides skill as well as contents to the students in 21st century. So, we request teachers to give a chapter wise or term wise project work for effective science teaching-learning activities.viii. Problem solving method: It is a student-centered strategy. It requires students to become active participants in the learning process. In this method, students are presented with problems, which require them to find scientific solutions.1. A Course Plan:Teaching in an organized way results in real learning outcomes. Course content is a matter of more concern. A syllabus includes the organization of topics into an outline of course of study, examinations, and grading schemesS.No Area UnitsWeightingApproximatePeriodsApproximateMarks (%)i. Living Beings1. Living Things and Their Characteristics2. Shelter of Animals3. Domestic and Wild Animals4. Food of Animals5. Movement of Animals6. Types of Plants7. Parts of a Plant8. Food from Animals and Plants28 44ii. Environment 9. The Environment 9 14iii. Matter andEnergy10. Shape of Objects11. Matter of Different Colours,Taste and Smell12. Hard and Soft Substances13. Sources and Uses of Heat and Light12 19iv. Earth andSpace Science14. The Sunny day15. Shadow16. The Earth, Day and Night17. Colours of Sunlight15 23Total 64 100Course Plan of Science and Environment
S.No Area UnitsWeightingApproximatePeriodsApproximateMarks (%)i. Personal Hygiene18. Personal Cleanliness19. Right Posture10 31ii.Environmental Senitation20. Clean House21. Clean School5 16iii. Nutrients and Food 22. Food and Drinking Water 6 19iv. Disease 23. Protection from Disease 5 16v. Safetey and First Aid 24. Safety 4 12vi. Health Services 25. Health Facilities 2 6Total 32 100Course Plan of Health EducationS.No Area UnitsWeightingApproximatePeriodsApproximateMarks (%)i.Basic Skills ofPhysical Education26. Basic Skills of Physical Education27. Moving Skills of Physical Education28. Static Skills of Physical Exercise7 16ii. Physical Trainingand Drill29. Physical Training30. Drill (Kawaj)12 19iii. Simple and LocalGames31. Simple Games32. Local Games6 9iv. Creative Games 33. Story Based Games34. Acting Based Games6 9v. Ball Games 35. Ball Games 17 27vi. Gymnastics 36. Gymnastics37. Body Balancing6 9vii. Local Curriculum 10 16Total 64 100Course Plan of Physical Education
2. Use of Technology in the Contemporary Teaching Strategy:The 21st century science teachers are concerned about preparing today’s children for tomorrow’s world. A major challenge for the teachers is to meet the target of the 21st century learning outcomes. Teachers can use technology in the classroom to exploit the learning of their students. It develops the interest of students in new theories and inventions in the field of science.i. ICT guideline:Audiovisual classes are more effective over lecturing methods. The use of smart boards in classrooms, teaching softwares online classes, are the practices to introduce technology in teaching. A projector screen, computer, and sound system are required to use technology in a classroom.ii. Use of power point:Teachers can prepare power point slides or directly download from different sites. Some web links to search: www.slideshare.net , www.powershow.com, etc.iii. Use of discs:Playing course related discs (DVDs) can help students in learning. Such discs are available in the market.iv. Use of videos or documentaries:Google search can give us links for so many videos like www.sciencechannel.com . Similarly, free download of videos/ documentaries is possible from www.youtube.com3. Way to Proceed the Unit From This Book:The first page of each unit drives the whole chapter.i. The course of study issued by CDC and its learning objectives are given in the rst page to keep the teachers and students through their paces.ii. The terms and terminologies on the same page are from screening of the chapter. It helps to understand the whole unit. Teachers are expected to explain the di culties of the students.iii. Teachers can make students, follow the highlighted de nitions, catchy memory plus box and bubble box on the pages inside the chapter for a quick look on important points to be remembered.iv. Facts with reasons are given along with the sub-topic to understand the scienti c concepts.v. Before exercise problems, a practice of di erent level of questions (knowledge, understanding, application, and higher ability) with their answer as answer writing skill is provided. After that, the students are allowed to do exercise from step 1 to step 4.
ContentsScience and EnvironmentUnit - 1 Living Things and Their Characteristics 1Unit - 2 Shelters of Animals 9Unit-3 Domestic and Wild Animals 17Unit - 4 Food of Animals 23Unit - 5 Movement of Animals 31Unit - 6 Types of Plants 37Unit - 7 Parts of a Plant 45Unit - 8 Food from Animals and Plants 54Unit - 9 The Environment 64Unit - 10 Shape of Objects 70Unit - 11 Matter of Different Colours, Taste and Smell 75Unit - 12 Hard and Soft Substances 80Unit - 13 Sources and Uses of Heat and Light 83Unit - 14 The Sunny Day 89Unit - 15 Shadow 91Unit - 16 The Earth, Day and Night 95Unit - 17 Colours of Sunlight 102
Health EducationPhysical EducationUnit - 18 Personal Cleanliness 104Unit - 19 Right Posture 110Unit - 20 Clean House 114Unit - 21 Clean School 116Unit - 22 Food and Drinking Water 118Unit - 23 Protection from Diseases 125Unit - 24 Safety 130Unit - 25 Health Facilities 137Unit - 26 Basic Skills of Physical Education 141Unit - 27 Moving Skills of Physical Education 142Unit - 28 Static Skills of Physical Exercise 146Unit - 29 Physical Training 150Unit - 30 Drill (Kawaj) 153Unit - 31 Simple Games 155Unit - 32 Local Games 157Unit - 33 Story-Based Games 160Unit - 34 Acting-Based Games 161Unit - 35 Ball Games 164Unit - 36 Gymnastics 166Unit - 37 Body Balancing 167
Modern Concept Science -2 1Unit 1Estimated teaching periods : 3Warm up activityLook, identify and sayCan you say?1. What are shown in the above figures?2. Have you seen these features in non-living things?3. A bus also moves. Is it living thing?4. What do you eat in morning and evening?5. Do you run while coming to school?1 2 3 45 6 7 89 10 11
2 Modern Concept Science -2We can see many things around us. Among them, some have life while others don't. Plants, animals, fish, birds, human beings, etc. have life, so they are called living things.Fig. Some living thingsMemory PlusThe things having life are called living things. Examples: Plants,animals, fish, birds, human beings, etc.Features of Living Things1. Living things need food and waterAnimals and plants need food and water to live. Food gives them energy to survive. Animals get food from plants. But green plants make their own food in the presence of sunlight.
Modern Concept Science -2 32. Living things move3. Living things growMost of the animals move from one place to another for food and shelter. Different animals move in different ways. Human beings, cow, goat, etc. move with the help of legs. Birds and insects fly with the help of wings. Fishes swim in water with the help of fins. Lizards and snakes crawl on the land.Most of the plants cannot move from one place to another. But leaves, flowers and stems bend towards the sunlight.All living things grow from small to big.Memory PlusAll living things need food and waterto live. Food givesthemenergy.Memory PlusAlmost all the animals move from one place to another for foodand shelter. But, plants do not move from one place to another.
4 Modern Concept Science -24. Living things reproduceAll living things reproduce their own kinds. Some animals like human beings, cows, goats, etc. directly give birth to babies. Birds and insects lay eggs. Most plants reproduce through seeds.Most of the plants grow from their seeds. A seed germinates into a seedling and the seedling grows into a big plant. Memory PlusAll animals and plants grow from small to big. Animals grow fromtheir babies and plants grow form their seeds. Memory PlusAll living things reproduce their own kinds. But non-living thingscannot reproduce.Animals and plants need air to breathe. Different animals have different organs to breathe. Human beings, birds, snakes, etc. breathe with the help of lungs. Fishes breathe through gills and insects breathe through air holes.5. Living things breathe
Modern Concept Science -2 56. Living things feel and reactAnimals, birds and insects feel hot, cold, smell, etc. Most of the animals have five sense organs. They are skin, ears, eyes, nose and tongue.Plants do not have special sense organs like animals. But they also feel changes in their surroundings. Sunflower bends towards the sunlight. Similarly, roots grow towards water. If we touch a mimosa (touch-me-not) plant, its leaves fold. LungGill StomataPlants breathe with the help of small holes present on the surface of their leaves. These holes are called stomata. While breathing, animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.Memory PlusAll animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Butnon-living things do not breathe.Memory PlusAll animals feel and react. Most animals have sense organs to feeland react. But, plants do not have sense organs.
6 Modern Concept Science -27. Living things dieAll living things take birth, grow and die. This is also called thelife cycle of living beings.ActivityCollect the pictures of a baby, cow, tiger, fish, touch-me-not plant, dead dog and tiger. Paste each of them in your project work copy.Memory PlusAll living things take birth, grow and die. It is called life cycle. Nonliving things do not show life cycle.
Modern Concept Science -2 7Exercise1. Fill in the blanks using suitable words.2. Write 'T' for True or 'F' for False statement.stomata five legs reproduce movea. A cow walks with the help of ...................... .b. Most of the animals have ................... sense organs.c. Plants breathe with the help of ....................... .d. Living beings ................. in search of food and shelter.e. All living things ................. their own kinds.a. Living things need food and water to live.b. Plants do not feel the changes in the surroundings.c. Fishes swim in water with the help of gills.d. Birds and insects lay eggs.e. Animals do not feel and react.3. Match the following:Fishes breathe through lungsPlants swim with the help of finsAnimals fly with the help of wingsBirds breathe through stomataSenses crawl on the landLizards grow into new plantsSeeds help in feeling things
8 Modern Concept Science -24. Tick ( ) the correct answer.5. Answer the following questions.a. Green plants breathe through ..................... .i. Gills ii. Stomata iii. Noseb. Most plants reproduce through ..................... .i. Flower ii. Roots iii. Seedsc. Gills are present in ..................... .i. Birds ii. Frogs iii. Fishesd. Lizard and snake move by ..................... .i. Crawling ii. Flying iii. Jumpinga. What are living things?Ans: ...................................................................................................................................... .b. Name any three sense organs.Ans: i. ................. ii. ................. iii. .................c. Write any four characteristics of living things.i. .................................................................ii. .................................................................iii. .................................................................iv. .................................................................d. What function do lungs perform?Ans: ........................................................................................................................................
Modern Concept Science -2 9Unit 2Estimated teaching periods : 3Warm up activityLook, identify and sayCan you say?1. Do you identify these animals?2. Where are they living?3. Where do you live?1 2 3 45 6 7 89 10 11 12
10 Modern Concept Science -2A spider in the web A swallow in amuddy homeBees in a hiveAnimals need home to live. Home protects them from heat, cold, rain and enemies. Most animals have their own homes. Some animals build their own homes but some animals live in manmade homes. A sparrow in the nest A rat in a hole A woodpecker in a holeSome animals make their own homeMost of the birds build their nests themselves. They use straw, twigs, leaves, cotton, etc. to build the nest. Rats make holes. A spider spins a web and bees make a hive. A woodpecker makes hole on the tree. Memory PlusAll animals need home to live. Home protects animals from heat,cold, rain, enemies, etc.Memory PlusMost of the birds build their nestsfrom straw, twigs, leaves, cotton,etc. It protects them from heat, cold, rain, enemies, etc.
Modern Concept Science -2 11A cow in a shedGoat in a penPigs in a styHorses in a stableA dog in a kennelParrot in a cageWe make homes for some animalsWe make homes for some animals. Cows, buffaloes and oxen are kept in a shed. We keep horses in a stable. We keep parrots and pigeons in a cage. We keep dogs in a kennel and goats in a pen. Memory PlusThe animals which are kept at our homes are called farm animals. Examples: cows, buffaloes, oxen, etc. We make homes for theseanimals.
12 Modern Concept Science -2Some animals live in natural homesSome animals like tigers, lions, rabbits, snakes, monkeys, elephants, etc. live in natural homes. A lion in a den A monkey on a branch Elephants under a treeA rabbit in a burrow A snake in a hole A fox in the caveMemory PlusThe animals which live in jungle are called wild animals. Examples:tigers, lions, rabbits, snakes, monkeys, etc. Thy live in naturalhomes.Some animals live in waterSome animals like fish, whale, octopus, sea horse, etc. live in water. They are also called aquatic animals. Memory PlusThe animals which live in water are called aquatic animals.Examples: fish, whale, octopus, sea horse, etc.
Modern Concept Science -2 13Some animals live in bushes and grassSome animals like squirrel, mole, etc. and some insects like scorpion, grasshopper, etc. live in the bushes and grass.Squirrel on a tree Scorpion in the bush Grasshopper on a leafMemory PlusSome small animals like squirrel, mole, scorpion, grasshopper, etc.live in bushes, or grass or leaves of plants.Seahorse in water Octopus in water Whale in water
14 Modern Concept Science -2Exercise1. Fill in the blanks using suitable words.2. Write 'T' for True or 'F' for False statement.den stable nest kennel weba. Dogs live in a ................................................................... .b. Birds live in the ............................................................... .c. Horses live in a ............................................................... .d. A lion lives in a .............................................................. .e. A spider makes the ........................................................ .a. A woodpecker builds its home.b. We keep horses in a stable.c. We keep birds in a sty.d. We keep dogs in a pen.e. An octopus lives in water.3. Match the following:Scorpion HiveBees CageParrot BurrowRabbit Bush
Modern Concept Science -2 154. Tick ( ) the correct answer to complete the following statements.5. Name the homes of the following animals.7. Where do cows and buffaloes live?8. What is the dog's home called?6. Name any three animals which live in bush and grass.a. A swallow uses ..................... to make its home.i. Straw ii. Mud iii. Leaves of the plantb. We keep goats in a ..................... .i. Stable ii. Sty iii. Penc. Which of the following animals lives in a stable?i. Sparrow ii. Pig iii. Horsed. Which one of the following is an aquatic animal?i. Octopus ii. Squirrel iii. Spidera. i. ii. iii.Ans : ................................................................................................................Ans : ................................................................................................................
16 Modern Concept Science -29. Name any three animals which live in natural home.10. Name any three aquatic animals.Ans : i. ii. iii.Ans : i. ii. iii.Fun Time: Find homes for the following animals.Project Worki. Collect the pictures of a sparrow, spider, lion, pig, monkey, octopus, seahorse and snail. Paste each of them in your project work copy.ii. Collect the pictures of a nest, stable, shed, pen, cage and sty. Paste each of them in your project work copy.
Modern Concept Science -2 17Unit 3Estimated teaching periods : 3Warm up activityLook, identify and sayCan you say?1. Have you seen these animals?2. Can you say their names?3. Where do they live?4. Is there any animal at your home?1 2 3 45 6 7 89 10 11 12
18 Modern Concept Science -2Goat Donkey SheepDomestic AnimalsWe keep some animals at our homes. They are called domestic animals. For example, cows, buffaloes, donkeys, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, yaks, etc. They are very useful to us. Cow, buffalo and goat give us milk. Bulls are used in farming. Sheep and yak give us wool. Horse, camel and bull are used in transport. Hen and duck give us eggs and meat. Dogs guard our homes.Horse Cow BuffaloMemory PlusThe animals which are kept at our homes are called domesticanimals. Examples: cows, buffaloes, donkeys, horses, pigs, goats,sheep, yaks, etc.Pig Camel Yak
Modern Concept Science -2 19Elephant Rhinoceros BearA pet dog A pet cat A pet parrotPet AnimalsThe animals which we keep at home for company are called pet animals. For example, a pet dog, cat, parrot, myna, etc. We play and pass time with them. It is fun having a pet animal at our home.Wild AnimalsMany animals like tiger, lion, rhino, elephant, leopard, etc. are found in the jungle. The animals which live in the jungle are called wild animals. Some wild animals are small while some are big. Some are useful and others are harmful.Memory PlusThe animals which are kept at our homes for company and fun arecalled pet animals. Examples: dog, cat, parrot, myna, etc.Memory PlusThe animals which live in jungle are called wild animals. Examples:lion, tiger, rhino, elephant, leopard, rabbit, etc.
20 Modern Concept Science -2TigerGiraffe DeerFox Zebra LionProject Worki. Collect any four pictures of wild animals and paste them in your project work copy.ii. Pet animals are kept at our homes only for our enjoyment or are they useful too? Discuss with your parents and write five lines in A4 size paper.iii. Draw a figure of your favourite pet animal on the other side of the paper.
Modern Concept Science -2 21Exercise1. Fill in the blanks using suitable words.2. Write 'T' for True or 'F' for False statement.eggs domestic jungle pet wilda. A cow is an example of a ....................... animal.b. Tiger and lion are ....................... animals.c. Hen and duck give us ........................... .d. Wild animals live in the .............................. .e. We play and pass time with ................. animals.a. Sheep and yak give us wool.b. Hen and duck give us milk.c. We play and pass time with wild animals.d. Pet animals are kept for pleasure.e. Camel and bull are used for transport.3. Name any three domestic animals.4. Name any three pet animals.5. Name any three wild animals.Ans : i. ii. iii.Ans : i. ii. iii.Ans : i. ii. iii.
22 Modern Concept Science -26. Match the following:Dog Wild animalBear Pet animalBuffalo Domestic animal7. Tick ( ) the correct answer to complete the following statements.a. Lion and tiger are calledi. Water animals ii. Wild animals iii. Pet animalsb. Cow, buffalo and goat give usi. Milk ii. Wool iii. Eggsc. Horse, bull and camel are used fori. Transport ii. Flesh iii. Pleasured. We keep pet animals fori. Company ii. Meat iii. Food8. What are wild animals?9. Define pet animals.10. Identify the given animals and write their types.Ans : ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................Ans : ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................Wild
Modern Concept Science -2 23Unit 4Estimated teaching periods : 4Can you say?1. Have you seen these animals?2. Can you say their names?3. What are they doing?4. What do you eat?Warm up activityLook, identify and say1 2 3 45 6 7 89 10 11
24 Modern Concept Science -2On the basis of feeding habit, animals are divided into three groups. They are:i. Herbivores ii. Carnivores iii. Omnivoresi. HerbivoresSome animals eat grass, leaves, fruits and seeds of plants. They are called herbivores. Cow, goat, rabbit, buffalo, sheep, elephant, etc. are some examples of herbivores.The animals that feed on plants are called herbivores. They have strong front teeth for biting and cutting plants. A goat is eating grass. A cow is grazing. A buffalo is eatinggrass.There are different types of animals in our surroundings. They differ from one another in feeding habits. Some animals feed only on plants while some animals feed only on flesh of other animals. But some animals feed on plants as well as flesh. Memory PlusAll animals need food to get energy. Different types of animals eatdifferent types of foods. Some animals eat plants,some eat flesh ofother animals and some eat both plants and flesh of other animals.Memory PlusThe animals which feed on plants and their products are calledherbivores. Examples: cow, goat, buffalo, sheep, elephant, etc.
Modern Concept Science -2 25ii. CarnivoresSome animals eat flesh of other animals. They are called carnivores. For example, tiger, lion, snake, vulture, kingfisher, etc.Carnivores do not eat plants and products of plants. They have long and pointed teeth to tear the flesh. A sheep is grazing. An elephant iseating grass.A giraffe is eatingleaves.Hens are eating grains. Pigeons areeating grains.Some birds like hen, pigeon, sparrow, etc. eat grains and seeds of plants. Memory PlusThe animals which eat seeds and grains are called grains eatinganimals. Examples: hen, pigeon, parrot, sparrow, etc.Memory PlusThe animals which eat flesh of other animals are called carnivores.Examples: tiger, lion, snake, vulture, kingfisher, etc.
26 Modern Concept Science -2A tiger is chasing adeer.A lion is eatingflesh.An eagle is eating abird.Some carnivores eat insects and worms. They do not bite or chew their food. They swallow small animals as a whole. For example, spider, lizard, frog, crow, snakes, etc. A lizard is eating a butterfly. A snake is eating a frog.Memory PlusThe animals which eat insects and worms are called insectivores.Examples:spider, crow,frog, lizard, etc. They swallow small animals.iii. OmnivoresSome animals eat both plants and flesh of other animals. They are called omnivores. Animals like bear, crow, hen, dog, man, etc. are some examples of omnivores. Memory PlusThe animals which feed on both plants and flesh of otheranimals are called omnivores. Examples: man, bear, dog,cat, hen, crow, etc.
Modern Concept Science -2 27A man is eating food. A bear is eating fish. A dog is eating meat.Leech is sucking blood. Mosquito is sucking blood. Bedbugs are sucking blood.Some animals like leech, mosquito, lice, bedbug, etc. suck the blood of other animals. They are called parasites. Memory PlusThe animals which suck the blood of other animals are calledparasites. Examples: leech, mosquito, lice, bedbug, etc.
28 Modern Concept Science -2LeechExercise1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:2. Write 'T' for True or 'F' for False statement.blood omnivore herbivore swallows long pointeda. Cow is a ....................... .b. Man is an ....................... .c. Mosquito sucks the....................of animals.d. A snake.......................the food as a whole.e. A lion has...................and............teeth.a. Herbivores eat both plants and flesh.b. Carnivores eat only flesh of other animals.c. Lizard and frog eat insects.d. Cow and goat are omnivores.e. Leech is a parasite.3. Match the following:GoatCrowLionCarnivoreHerbivoreParasiteOmnivore
Modern Concept Science -2 295. Identify the following animals and name their food.4. Tick ( ) the correct answer to complete the following statements.a. Herbivores eat.................only.i. Flesh ii. Grass iii. Grains and insectsb. Bear is an example of .................. .i. Carnivore ii. Herbivore iii. Omnivorec. Herbivores have strong front teeth for...........the grass.i. Cutting ii. Biting iii. Cutting and bitingd. Leech, lice and bed bug suck................. .i. Nectar ii. Blood iii. Nectar and blood
30 Modern Concept Science -26. List the given animals in the right boxes.rabbit, tiger, man, buffalo, hen, sheep, vulture, kingfisher, goat, snake, lizard, dog, cat, cow, bearHerbivores Carnivores Omnivores1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.7. What are herbivores? Give any two examples.8. What are carnivores? Give any two examples.9. What are omnivores? Give any two examples.Ans : ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................Ans : ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................Ans : ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................Project WorkCollect the pictures of any three herbivores, carnivores and omnivores each. Paste those pictures in your project work copy.
Modern Concept Science -2 31Unit 5Estimated teaching periods : 2Warm up activityCan you say?1. Can you identify these animals?2. What are they doing?3. Do you run or not?4. When do you run?172 34 5 68 9
32 Modern Concept Science -2A leopard is jumping. A horse is running. A monkey is climbing.Some animals like snake and earthworm do not have legs. They move on the ground by crawling.Some land animals like horse, dog, leopard, tiger, etc. walk, run and jump with the help of their legs. A cow is walking. A man is running. A buffalo is walking.Most of the animals move from one place to another for food and shelter. They move with the help of some parts of their body. They move in different ways. Most animals move with the help of legs. Some animals fly with the help of wings and some animals swim in water with the help of fins. Memory PlusAll animals move from one place to another for food and shelter.Different animals move in different ways.Memory PlusMost of the land animals have legs to move from one place toanother. For example, cow, buffalo, goat, horse, lion,tiger, elephant,rabbit, monkey, etc.
Modern Concept Science -2 33Fishes swim in water. They have fins for swimming. Frogs and ducks have webbed feet. With the help of these webbed feet, they swim in water. Birds and insects have legs and wings. Legs help them to walk and wings help them to fly. Birds and insects like housefly mosquito, etc. have two wings but butterfly, dragonfly, moth, etc. have four wings. A snake is crawling. Earthworms are crawling.Fishes are swimming. Ducks are swimming.Memory PlusFishesswim in water with the help of fins. Similarly, frogs and ducksswim with the help of web feet.
34 Modern Concept Science -2Crow ButterflyDragonfly HouseflyMemory PlusBirds and insects can walk with the help of legs and can fly with thehelp of wings.
Modern Concept Science -2 35Exercise1. Fill in the blanks.2. Write 'T' for True or 'F' for False statement.wings legs fins webbed two fooda. Animals move to obtain ............ and shelter.b. Fishes have....................for swimming.c. Ducks have...................feet for swimming.d. Mosquito and housefly have.................wings.e. Birds and insects have...............and.............. .a. Most animals have legs for movement.b. Frogs swim in water with the help of fins.c. Ducks move with the help of legs.d. Birds and insects have legs and wings.e. Snakes move with the help of legs.3. Name any three animals which move with the help of legs.4. Name any two animals which have webbed feet for swimming.Ans : i. ii. iii.Ans : i. ii. iii.
36 Modern Concept Science -25. Why do animals move?6. How does a snake move?7. What are the swimming organs of fishes?8. Match the following:Ans : .................................................................................................................... .Ans : .................................................................................................................... .Ans : .................................................................................................................... .SwimWalkRunJumpFlyCrawlProject WorkDraw a rabbit and colour its different parts using suitable colours.
Modern Concept Science -2 37Unit 6Estimated teaching periods : 4Warm up activityCan you say?1. Can you identify these plants?2. Among them which are big and strong?3. Among them which are very small and weak?4. Which of these plants are present at your home?5. Have you seen needle like structures in these plants?734 58 91 26
38 Modern Concept Science -2Different types of plants are present around us. They are of different shapes and sizes. Most of the plants grow on land. Plants are of different types. Some plants are big and some are small. Some plants are strong and some are weak. Some plants creep on the land and some climb up with the help of support. TreesTrees are very big and strong plants. For example, banyan, mango, neem, etc. Most of the trees have strong and woody stems. The main stem of the tree is called trunk. Most of the trunks have many branches. Trees live for many years.Memory PlusThere are different types of plants around us. Among them someare small and some are big, some are weak and some are strong.Memory PlusThose plants which are very big and strong are called trees. Theylive for many years. Examples: banyan, mango, neem, ashoka,peepal, sal, guava, etc.Banyan Mango Neem
Modern Concept Science -2 39HerbsHerbs are very small plants with soft stems. For example, mustard, wheat, cabbage, etc. They do not have woody stems. Most of the herbs live for a few months. Herbs are smaller than shrubs.Cotton Rose CoffeeShrubsShrubs are small, strong and bushy plants. For example, cotton, tea, coffee, rose, etc. They are smaller than trees. They have many branches. They live for a few years.Memory PlusSmall,strong and bushy plants are called shrubs. They live for manyyears. For example, cotton, tea, coffee, rose, etc.Memory PlusVery small plants with soft stems are called herbs. They live for afew months. For example, mustard, wheat, cabbage, etc.
40 Modern Concept Science -2ClimbersThe plants which are very weak and need support to climb up are called climbers. For example, cucumber, pea, bean, grapevines, money plant, etc. These plants have long stems. They have tendrils to climb up. They climb on stumps, walls and other objects.Mustard Wheat Coriander MarigoldMemory PlusThose plants which are lean, thin and weak and need support toclimb up are called climbers. For example, cucumber, pea, bean,grape-vines, money plant, etc.Money plant Cucumber plant Grape-vineCreepersPlants that creep and crawl on the ground are called creepers. Watermelon, pumpkin, bottle gourd, etc. are some examples of creepers. They have thin and weak stems. They bear leaves, flowers and fruits.
Modern Concept Science -2 41Pumpkin Bottle gourd WatermelonLemon Rose CactusThorny PlantsPlants that have thorns on their stems are called thorny plants. For example, lemon, rose, cactus, etc. Thorns are sharp needle like structures with pointed ends. Memory PlusThose plants which creep and crawl on the ground are calledcreepers. They are weak plants. Examples: watermelon, pumpkin,bottle gourd, etc.Memory PlusThose plants which have thorns on their stems are called thornyplants. Thorns are defense organs of the plants. Examples: lemon,rose, cactus, etc.
42 Modern Concept Science -2Exercise1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.2. Write 'T' for True or 'F' for False statement.bushy trees trunk thorns tendrilsa. Big and strong plants are called................ .b. ................... is the main stem of a tree.c. Shrubs are also called ........................ plants.d. Climbers have........................ to climb up.e. .............. are sharp needle-like structures.a. Climbers have tendrils to climb up.b. Very small plants with soft stems are called herbs.c. Banyan is an example of shrub.d. Pumpkin is an example of a tree.e. Lemon is a thorny plant.3. Give any four examples of each group of plants.Trees Shrubs Herbs1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.