Modern Concept Science and Technology 5 New

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 51 e-books or magazines etc. The topic which we find difficult to learn are easily explained and demonstrated in you tubes. Recording important and interested lectures and videos in schools, clicking photos of any object or process of our interest and inquiring to our teachers about them, etc. are other uses of smart-phones in learning. Different skills like drawing, crafts works, cooking, dancing, writing etc. can also be learnt by accessing Internet through smart-phones. Smart-phones also help sharing any teaching and learning information among teachers and students. Some of the source of information and their corresponding facilities provided by a smart-phone S.N. Source of information Facilities in smart-phones 1 Telephone Phone calls 2 Clock Clock 3 Phone diary Contact 4 Magnetic compass Compass 5 Calendar Digital calendar 6 Books E-books 7 Letters E-mails 8 Newspapers Online-newspapers 9 Dictionary Dictionary ACTIVITY 3 Download and install e-pustakalaya and surf an e-book. Communication and its types Communication is the key to a successful life. We must communicate with our guardians, parents, and relatives. The government communicates to people through, newspapers, television, and radio. Speaking, waving, and body language, among other things, help us communicate in our daily lives. The act of sending information from one party to another is called communication. Letters, books, newspapers, mobile phones, telephones, radios, televisions, etc. are tools that are commonly used for communication. These tools

52 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 that help in transmitting or exchanging information are called means of communication. Fig: Means of communication Telephone Radio Email Science and technology have speed up the rate of development of communication technology. The Internet, computers, smart-phones, satellites, etc. have made communication easier, faster, cheaper, and better. FACTS WITH REASONS Communication is very important. Communication is very important because it helps two parties to understand each other. It simplifies trade, business, learning, etc. ACTIVITY 4 Write a short paragraph on cell phones and their versatility. Importance of communication The common importance of communication are: i. Communication helps us to conduct daily activities smoothly. ii. It helps us to learn in school. iii. It helps the government to communicate information about various campaigns such as vaccination, elections, etc. iv. It can be used to inform people about epidemics, tornadoes, floods, tsunamis, etc. for preparedness and safety. Types of communication The forms of communication can be non-verbal, verbal, written and audioVidal. Greetings by gestures like namaste, handshake, smiley face etc. are The success of communication depends upon the understanding of the parties involved. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 53 non-verbal communication. Here, the communication takes place without speaking a word. Verbal communication refers to the conversation by speaking. Audiovisual communication means communicating through videos chatting, video-calls, etc. Written communication occurs in the form of letters, emails, reports etc. in the form of writing. Based on the nature of the involved party, there are three types of communication. They are intra-personal communication, inter-personal communication, and mass communication. Intra-personal communication Humans collect information through their five senses. The eyes collect visual information. Ears collect audio information. The nose and tongue collect chemical information. Skin collects information about pressure and heat. This kind of information is changed into electrical signals and sent to the brain. The brain processes such information and stores it for future reference. Our brain can think. Critical thinking, problem-solving ability, comparison of facts, etc., helps us to understand facts, events, and processes that happen around us. The act of communication in which we collect information through our senses, process it, and conclude is called interpersonal communication. It involves only one person. Fig. Intra-personal Communication Interpersonal communication We talk to our relatives over the phone. We talk to our friends in the class. These are examples of interpersonal communication. People can relay and receive information. It is a two-way communication where multiple parties can Fig: Conversation between two people Listening, speaking, body language, facial reactions, etc. are examples of interpersonal communication. MEMORY TIPS

54 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 exchange information. The act of exchanging information between multiple parties is called interpersonal communication. The information collected by one person can be transferred to another person or multiple parties. FACTS WITH REASONS Why is interpersonal communication skill important in school? Interpersonal communication skill is important in school because these skills will make others trust us. It helps to understand each other. ACTIVITY 5 Make a list of common non-verbal communication and their meanings. Mass communication Sometimes certain information should be relayed to a huge number of people at once. For example, if there is going to be a heavy downpour for many days, the government must inform citizens about it. It allows citizens to be prepared for upcoming floods and landslides. Such type of communication is an example of mass communication. Radio, television, websites, newspapers, miking etc., are used to inform larger audiences in mass communication process. It is a one-way means of communication because multiple parties cannot interact back with the source of information. The act of communication in which one party relays information to a mass of receivers at once is called mass communication. Fig: Means of mass communication Newspaper Radio Television

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 55 Communication can also be classified as verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication, and audio-visual communication. Computer as a means of communication A computer is an electronic device that has computing ability. Current forms of computers are very powerful and process a large quantity of information at once. However, it was not so powerful a few decades ago. Nowadays, supercomputers are used by powerful companies such as Google, Facebook, etc. to operate their businesses. Computers are becoming more popular because they can collect a large amount of data, process it quickly, and store or output it. The computers are made of certain hardware. Hardware is a physical component of a computer. The keyboard, monitor, mouse, storage device, and motherboard are some of the common hardware on the computer. Without software, a computer cannot function. Software is a set of instructions that bring life to hardware. Operating software runs the computer. Application software such as MS Word, MS Paint, etc., interacts with users. FACTS WITH REASONS Why is a computer used as a means of communication? Computers are used as a means of communication because, once they are connected to the internet, we can access any piece of information throughout the world. Computers help in mass communication and bring the family together. A water integrator computer is a machine that runs on water. MEMORY TIPS

56 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 ACTIVITY 6 Visit the computer lab with your subject teacher and observe various parts of the computers. Draw the diagram of a desktop computer.  Fig: Hardwares of computer Fig: Software Window Microsoft Word Anti-virus The computer hardware can be classified as input devices, output devices, processing devices and storage devices.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 57 a. Input devices Computers are designed to receive information. We can enter information into computers through a keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen, etc. These are some examples of input devices. The devices that help to enter raw information into the computers are called input devices. Fig: Input devices Keyboard Mouse Joystick b. Processing devices The raw materials collected from the input devices are processed by the computers. The Central Processing Unit has various parts in it that can process this information. The hardware that can process the information is called a processing device. CPU Microprocessor Fig: Processing devices c. Output devices The processed information is relayed visually through a monitor and as audio through the speakers. Some information can be printed through

58 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 printers as well. The devices that help to display the result are called output devices. Fig: Out put devices FACTS WITH REASONS Speaker is called an output device. A speaker is called an output device because it delivers data as audio.  Storage devices Computers have memory disks to store information. We can store our word documents, digital paintings, photos, songs, videos, etc. on the computer. This data is stored in a device called a Solid-State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD). Some portable devices, such as pen drives and compact disks, can be used to store information. The devices in which data Charles Babbage who was born in 1791 is considered the father of computers. He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 59 are stored are called storage devices. Fig: Storage devices FACTS WITH REASONS Why is Charles Babbage called the father of the computer? Charles Babbage is called the "father of the computer" because he designed a computer (Difference Engine Number 1) that can calculate.  Comparison of human body and computers The human body can be compared to a computer as well. Similar to input devices, our sense organs can collect information. The brain can process information like a CPU. It can also store information for future reference. Like the speaker of a computer, we can speak. Certain information is expressed by body language or facial reactions. ACTIVITY 7 Compare the human body with the computer. Is there any similarity? If there are, make a list. A table that shows similarities between the human body and computer parts

60 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Parts of the human body Parts of computer Sense organs Keyboard, mouse, etc. Brain CPU, Hard disk drive Eyes Camera Ears Microphone Mouth Speaker Even though there are some similarities, computers are different from humans in many ways. First of all, we are living beings, but a computer is a non-living thing. Some other differences are: 1. Computers do not have kindness, but humans do. 2. Computers cannot make decisions, but humans can. 3. Computers cannot create art, but humans can. 4. Computers can process a tremendous amount of energy at once, but humans cannot. Artificial intelligence Computers cannot think or create art. They cannot do any activities that need intelligence. But scientists are trying to make software that helps computers think and create art. Such computer programs are called artificial intelligence. Robot AI of google Fig: AI Charles Babbage originated the idea of programmable computers. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 61 Nowadays, robots that have some degree of intelligence are being made. They are designed to make minor decisions. Such robots can work as traffic police, waiters, stamping labour, etc. They can go to mine. However, many people are losing their jobs because of robots. There is also a chance that robots will be weaponized. FACTS WITH REASONS Why are supercomputers used for research? Supercomputers are the most powerful computers that have artificial intelligence. So, it is used in research, weather forecasting, making vaccines, etc.  ACTIVITY 8 Search for artificial intelligence on the internet. What kinds of things can AI do nowadays? Make a list. HOT SKILL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL 1. What type of communication is mass communication? a. One-way communication b. two-way communication c. interpersonal communication d. intrapersonal communication Answer: One-way communication is a mass communication. 2. What is the set of information called that operates the hardware of the computer? The set of information that operates the hardware is called software. 3. What is an input device? Device that provides data and information to the computer for processing is called an input device. 4. Why monitor is called an output device? Monitor is called an output device because it displays the results processed by CPU. 5. Do all the information obtained from social media are trustworthy? What do you think? In this modern world, most of the people using smart devices have access to Internet and social sites. They relay the information that they like or the one that might benefit them. As a result the information obtained from such source may not be trustworthy.

62 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 3 STEPS 3 STEPS EXERCISE EXERCISE STEP1 1. Select the best answer from the given alternatives. a. Which of the following is traditional means of communication? i. Email ii. Internet iii. Letter iv. Social media sites b. It is one of the important software that operates the computer. i. Windows ii. Antivirus iii. Word Processor iv. Email c. The output device that displays the information processed by CPU is called i. Sound box ii. Printer iii. Scanner iv. Monitor d. If CPU is the information processing device in the computer, which human organ processes information in human body? i. Nose ii. Eyes iii. Brain iv. Tongue 2. Write down True for the correct and False for the incorrect statements. a. Smart-phone is one of the powerful information and communication tool. b. Interpersonal communication occurs within the body of an individual. c. Telephone is a best example of mass communication technology. d. Artificial intelligence is the latest and advanced information and communication technology. 3. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words provided below. Antivirus Printer Hard Disk Mass communication a. _____________drive of the computer can store information in it. b. ___________ is the software that prevents unwanted access of

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 63 other programs on our computer. c. The communication technology that targets larger audience is called ______________________ . d. The output device that prints the results in hard copy is called ____________________ . 4. Answer the following questions in very short. a. List any two traditional means of communication. b. What are the two means of communication widely used in this modern time? c. Which part of computer is known as the brain of computer? d. What is the function of monitor? e. What brings computer hardware in life? STEP2 5. Give reasons. a. Mass communication is a one-way communication? b. Smart-phones are the power information and communication tools? c. Conversation between two people is interpersonal communication? d. Keyboard is an input device? e. Sound-box is an output device? f. Without software, there is no use of hardware? g. Advancement in AI can displace human jobs? 6. Differentiate between the following. a. One-way and two-way communication b. Interpersonal and intra-personal communication c. Input and output device d. Software and hardware e. Letter and email

64 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 7. Answer the following questions in short. a. Define the term information. Also name any four sources of information. b. What do you mean by communication? List its types. c. What are storage devices? Name any four. d. Define the term software and hardware with two examples of each. e. What do you mean by processing device? Give examples. STEP3 8. Answer the following questions. a. How can we use computer as means of communication? Explain. b. Have you read e-papers? What do you think about their merits and demerits? c. What do you think, all the informations from online platforms are not trustworthy? d. AI is the future information and communication technology. Discuss. 9. Identify the given figures and write down the names as well as their function.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 65 Sequence of Curriculum Issued by CDC  Word processor  MS paint  Typing software UNIT Paint Software, Typing Software and Word Processor 2.2 Estimated teaching periods Theory Practical 10 5 Charles Babbage, was an English mathematician and inventor of first automatic digital computer. He was born in 1791 and died in 1871 in England. He invented difference engine and analytical engine for complex mathematical calculations and analysis which lead to the development of automatic digital computer. So, he is also known as the father of computer. Charles Babbage About the Scientist Key terms and terminologies of the unit 1. Digital paintings : The paintings made on computers or smart-phones are called digital paintings. 2. Paint software : The software that is designed to allow us to paint is called paint software. 3. Microsoft paint : A common paint software included with all versions of Microsoft Windows is called Microsoft paint. 4. Typing software : The software that is programmed to help us to type is called typing software. 5. Keyboard : Aflat board with multiple keys that helps to input data into the computer is called a keyboard. 6. Key : A key is one of the many buttons of the keyboard. 7. Number key : The key of the keyboard with numbers on it is called the number key. 8. Letter keys : The keys that have an alphabet in them are called letter keys. 9. Home row : The home row is the middle row where we usually put our fingers. 10. Top row : The row just above the home row is called top row. 11. Bottom row : The row just below the home row is called bottom row. 12. Function keys : The keys that are distinct from others and have a particular function are called function keys. 13. Navigation keys : The keys that help us to move around in the document are called navigation keys.

66 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Paint software Art is a way to express how we feel. We can express various feelings and messages through paintings. Human beings are using pictures to express themselves since ancient times. The oldest paintings discovered are around 40,000 years old. It is a very important part of human culture. We can create paintings on computers as well. The paintings made on computers or smart phones are called digital paintings. Digital painting is done through painting software that uses brushes. The software that is designed to allow us to paint is called paint software. Fig: Oil painting Fig: Digital painting The paint software is very useful for making pictures, children's books, logos, schematic diagrams, etc. It is cheap, does not produce waste, and does not need oil and ink. So, it is becoming very popular nowadays. MS Paint, Tux Paint, and Mac Paint are some popular painting software. Fig: Paint software Fig: MS Paint Fig: Tux Paint Fig: MAC Paint Early cave paintings were drawn with yellow or red ochre, iron ore, charcoal, etc. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 67 FACTS WITH REASONS Why do artists use paint software? Artists use paint software because it is cost-free, does not produce waste and contains many useful tools.   ACTIVITY 1 Make a picture of a full moon in MS paint. Microsoft paint Microsoft Paint is a common painting software it has included all the versions of Microsoft Windows. It is the default paint software in windows operating software. The newer version of Microsoft Paint is called 3D Paint. It helps to draw 3D pictures. Uses of Microsoft Paint It is used to create pictures, fill colours, label diagrams, edit pictures, etc. It is also used to decrease the file size of the pictures. How to launch Microsoft Paint? 1. Press the start button on the task-bar of the computer. 2. A new dialogue box appears. Click on all programs or type MS Paint. 3. Press the MS Paint button to launch the program. Home page of MS Paint Fig: Home page of Microsoft paint Fig: MS Paint

68 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 The homepage of Microsoft Paint provides a white canvas and multiple tools. There are three ribbon tabs called "file," "home and "view. In the file menu, we can change the size of the canvas. The home tab provides a clipboard, image, tools, eraser, shapes, and colours. Drawing and filling with colour 1. A ‘pencil’ tool can be used to draw lines. We can select the desired colour from the right-hand side. 2. We can left click and drag the mouse to draw on the canvas. 3. The brush tool helps to paint. A left-click on "brush tools’ allows us to choose various types of brushes. 4. We can fill the colours in an enclosed picture by using the "fill" tool. 5. The eraser tool is used to remove a certain part of the picture. Its colour is the same as the colour of the background. 6. The size of the brush, eraser, pencil, etc. can be changed by the size command. FACTS WITH REASONS Why should we choose right paint brush while making a picture? We should choose right paint brush while making a picture because it determines the quality of our painting. ACTIVITY 2 Make a picture of a flower in MS paint and colour it. Creating a shape and filling colour i. The shape tools allow us to select shapes. ii. We can use it to draw particular shapes on the canvas. iii. We can left-click desired colour and use fill tool to put colours in the shape. MS Paint is a free, user-friendly graphic editor that is used for creating and editing files on Windows personal computers. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 69 iv. The outline tool changes the colour of border of the shape. Fig: Shape tool and shape entered in a canvas Adding text and filling colour We can add text to the picture with the help of text tool. Left-click on text tool and then a left click on the canvas opens a dialogue box. We can type the text in a dialogue box. We can change font and font size in the text tool. If we want to type in green colour, we should left-click green colour before typing. Fig: Home page of MS Paint where text tool is used

70 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Save the diagram The diagram can be saved on the computer for future use. Left-click the file tab and press ‘save’ to save the document. We will be asked to write the name of the file. Replace the word ‘untitled’ with a new file name and left-click ‘save’. FACTS WITH REASONS Why is there a save tool in MS Paint? There is a save tool in MS Paint to save the picture for future use. ACTIVITY 3 Save the two diagrams you made in above activity. Typing Software Typing is a very useful skill. We can practise typing on various typing software. The software that is programmed to help us type is called typing software. Typeshala, typing master and typing tutor are common typing software. It helps us to memorize the location of different types of keys. It improves our typing accuracy and speed. Fig: Typing software MS paint was invented in 1985 by Zsoft corporation. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 71 Skill of typing We can learn to type better if we practise scientifically. We must be using all ten fingers of both hands to type. First, we should look at the keyboard and find the letters F and J. We will see a raised line in them. It is where we should put our index fingers. The other fingers will almost land in other letters. The most used letters are placed in easily reachable regions. Fig: The position of fingers on a keyboard FACTS WITH REASONS Why should we practise typing? We should practise typing because it helps to increase our typing speed and accuracy. ACTIVITY 4 Download and install any typing software. Practise typing. The QWERTY keyboard was designed to slow down the typing. MEMORY TIPS

72 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Introduction to keyboard Fig: Different kinds of keys in a keyboard A keyboard is a flat board with multiple keys that helps to input data into a computer. It helps us to type documents. There are numerous keys on the keyboard. A key is one of the many buttons on the keyboard. A keyboard has different types of keys. Number and letter keys, function keys, navigation keys, and special keys are some of the common types of keys. Number and letter keys The key on the keyboard with numbers on it is called the number key. There are ten number keys above the letter keys on the keyboard. There are an additional ten number keys in the numeric keypad on the right-hand side of the keyboard. The keys that have an alphabet in them are called letter keys. They help to make words and sentences. The letter keys are kept in three rows. They are the top row, home row, and bottom row. The home row is the middle row where we usually put our fingers. The row just above the home row is called the top row. The row just below the home row is called the bottom row. The most used letters while making documents, such as vowels, are kept in easily accessible positions. The number and letter keys help to type numbers, letters, and symbols. Most of the keys on a keyboard are number and letter keys. The keys J and F have a bump. It helps us to find keys easily in poor lighting or when we type without looking at the keyboard. MEMORY TIPS

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 73 Function keys The function keys are at the top of the keyboard. They have special functions. The keys that are distinct from others and have a particular function are called function keys. • F1 key opens the help tab of application software. • F2 key helps to rename a file and folder. • F3 key opens the search feature. • Alt + F4 key closes the application and shuts down the computer. • F5 refreshes the computer. • F6 moves the text cursor to the address bar. • F7 key helps to check spelling in a document. Navigation keys The navigation keys are those that help us to move around in the document. • Home key brings cursor at the beginning of the text. • End key brings cursor to the end of the document. • Page up key takes us one page up than the current one. • Page down key takes us to one page down from the current one. • Arrow keys move the cursor around the grid. FACTS WITH REASONS Why is space bar long? Space bar is the most used key. It is made longer so that it can be pressed easily by any thumb. ACTIVITY 5 Find a keyboard and observe different types of keys. Space bar is the most used key on the keyboard. 18% of keystrokes are to hit space bar. MEMORY TIPS

74 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Special keys Delete key, print screen key, backspace, enter, shift key, etc. are a few special keys. • Delete key: In a word file, it deletes text at the right of cursor. It can also delete files and folders. • Backspace key: In a word file backspace key deletes letters present on the left side of the cursor. • Caps lock key: It allows us to type capital letters. • Shift key + letter types a capital letter. • Space-bar moves the cursor one space forward. • Control key is used to access short-cut keys. Examples: Ctrl + C = Copy Ctrl + V = Paste Ctrl + X = Cut Ctrl + Z = Undo Ctrl + Y = Redo FACTS WITH REASONS Why are short-cut keys used? Short-cut keys are used because it is faster than using the mouse. ACTIVITY 6 Type your name in MS Word and use various tools on home page and shortcut keys. Word processor Computers are used to type documents. Documents are made every day in schools, hospitals, shopping centres, banks, and many other places. People used to write those documents manually, but they can be typed on a computer nowadays. The typing produces a soft copy of the document. This electronic copy Fig: Word processors

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 75 can be printed through printers. Certain softwares on the computer help us to create such documents. They are called word processors. A word processor is an application software that helps to create, store, and print typed documents. The word processor is one of the most commonly used application software on the computer. Common word processors are MS Word, Google Docs, Notepad, etc. Microsoft Word is the most popular word processor. Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It is available in the Microsoft office package. It helps to create a word file, save it and even print it. The documents that exist digitally are called "softcopies," and their printed versions are called "hard copies". How to launch Microsoft Word? 1. Press 'start’ in the task-bar. 2. Press all the programs or type MS Word. 3. Left-click the MS word to launch it. Or, we can double-click the icon of MS Word to launch it. Or, we can right-click on the desktop and select "new" and then left-click on the Microsoft Word document. Home page There are multiple ribbon tabs in MS Word. The home tab provides various tools. The font group helps to edit text. ‘B’ helps to type in bold (abc). ‘I’ helps to type italic (abc). ‘U’ helps to underline the text (abc). The Strikethrough key helps to cross something out (abc). We can control font size and font colour from respective tools. The ‘Text highlight colour’ tool helps to highlight text (abc). The ‘Text effect and typography’ tool helps flairto the text (abc). The paragraph group helps with numbering, alignment, spacing, etc. Figure: Icon of MS Word Vydec Word processing system was the first ‘word processing software’ invented in 1973. MEMORY TIPS

76 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 By moving the mouse cursor over a tool, we can find out what it is called and what it does. Fig: Homepage of MS Word FACTS WITH REASONS Why are word processors important software for making documents? Word processors are important for making documents because they can detect spelling errors, grammatical mistakes, etc.  ACTIVITY 7 Create a document on a computer on the topic “How to launch a Microsoft Word?” and email it to your science teacher.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 77 HOT SKILL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL 1. What is the purpose of the command Alt + F4? i. Start the computer. ii. Shut down the current tab. iii. Refresh the computer. iv. Start the search tab. Answer: The purpose of the command Alt+F4 is to shut down the current tab. 2. What is the document not printed on paper but can be displayed on the computer called? i. Word file ii. Soft copy iii. Hard copy iv. Computer copy Answer: The document not printed on paper but can be displayed on the computer is called soft copy. 3. What tool helps us to insert the rectangle shape in MS Paint? The shape tool helps us to insert the rectangle shape in MS paint. 4. What is a shortcut key to change the font of the text in MS Word? The shortcut key to change the font of the text in MS word is ‘Ctrl + Shift + F’. 5. Can we make logos in MS Paint? If yes, explain. Yes, we can make logos in MS Paint because it has shapes tools, colour tools, eraser, and text tools. These tools can be used to make logos. 6. What are the functions of the following tools of MS Word? i. Text effect and typography They change the flair or looks of the text by changing its fill, outline or adding an effect etc. ii. Ctrl + E It centres the content of the page of word processor. iii. Font colour It changes the colour of the text. iv. Numbering It creates a numbered list. 7. How can we create a new MS word file and save it in MS word? We can create a new MS word file in multiple ways. Option 1

78 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Start > All programs > word Option 2 Right click on desktop >New > Microsoft word document Option 3 In case a word file is already open and we need a new one, we can press ‘Ctrl + N’ or go to file> New > blank document We can save the files by: Ctrl + S >Type file name > save Or File >Save > select destination> type file name > save 3 STEPS 3 STEPS EXERCISE EXERCISE STEP1 1. Select the best answer from the given alternatives. a. Which of the following software helps to make a logo? i. Typing tutor ii. Typeshala iii. MS Word iv. MS Paint b. Which paint software is included with every version of Microsoft Windows? i. Tux Paint ii. MS Paint iii. Adobe Photoshop iv. MS Word c. Why are there bumps in the letters F and J? i. It looks attractive. ii. To help navigate in poor light. iii. F and J are special keys. iv. F and J separate right from the left. d. Why is the space bar longer than others? i. It will be easy to press. ii. It covers the empty space on the keyboard. iii. Long space bar key is attractive. iv. It helps to delete the document easily.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 79 e. How does word processor help in typing? i. It increases typing speed. ii. It checks for errors in grammar, spelling, etc. iii. It helps us to print the document. iv. It allows us to draw the diagram. 2. Write True for the correct statements and False for the incorrect ones. a. 3D paint is an updated version of MS paint. b. There are multiple types of brush in MS paint. c. Ctrl. + S is the short key for searching the document. d. QWERTY is the most common keyboard layout. e. F7 key helps refresh the computer. 3. Fill in the blanks using a suitable word. edut digital painting paint software cut hard-copy a. A set of instructions that allows us to draw pictures is called ___ b. The paintings drawn using a paint software is called ________ . c. Microsoft Paint is mostly used to create pictures, fill colours and ______________ pictures. d. A printed document is called ____________ . e. The shortcut key Ctrl. + X helps to __________ the selected section of text, image, files etc. 4. Answer the following questions in very short. a. Define paint software. Give two examples. b. What is typing software? Give two examples. c. What do you mean by word processor? Give two examples. d. What is a keyboard? What is the shortcut key to change font size in MS Word? e. Which tab helps to insert the table in the MS Word document?

80 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 STEP2 5. Give reasons. a. Artists can use paint software. b. Digital painting is environment-friendly. c. MS Paint is called paint software but MS Word is a word processor. e. There are multiple types of brush in MS paint. f. Text tool is available in MS Paint. g. There is a numeric keypad on the right-hand side of the keyboard. h. Shortcut keys are used frequently. i. We must choose the right paint brush to create a picture. j. The documents must be saved. k. We should practice typing. l. The space bar is made longer. m. Microsoft Word is better to create documents than writing manually on paper. 6. Differentiate between the following. a. Paint software and typing software b. Typing software and word processor c. MS Paint and MS Word d. Number key and function key e. Special key and letter key 7. Answer the following questions in short. a. Mention the uses of paint software. b. How can we launch Microsoft Word? c. How do we add text and fill colour in MS Paint? d. How can we save the document in MS Paint? e. What are the advantages of typing software?

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 81 f. What is the function of alphanumeric keys? g. What is MS Paint? How is it launched? STEP3 8. Answer the following questions. a. Discuss the procedures for drawing a picture and filling in colour in MS Paint. b. Describe the tools of the homepage of MS Paint. c. Explain the various types of keys of the keyboard in brief. d. Explain the various tools present in the home tab of MS Word. e. Make a list of any five special keys and write their functions. f. Discuss the role of navigation keys. g. What are the uses of function keys? 9. Draw a figure of a keyboard with keys clear on it.

82 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Unit 3 Organisms and Environment Introduction An Environment is everything that is present around us. It includes living things (biotic components) and non-living things (abiotic components). Non-living things includes soil, water, air, etc. Living things include animals and plants. They adopt themselves to their surroundings. To live a life on the Earth, plants and animals need different types of energy like heat energy and light energy. They get these energies from the environment. Living things and non-living things have a close relationship with each other. Fig: Ecological pyramid

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 83 Sequence of Curriculum Issued by CDC  Importance of energy for living beings  Sun is the main source of heat and light on the earth UNIT Energy for the Organisms 3.1 Estimated teaching periods Theory Practical 4 1 Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist born in 1820 and died in 1891. He studied the solar spectrum, magnetism, electricity and optics. He is credited with the discovery of the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic effect is a process that produces electrical energy when exposed to sunlight. This effect operates the solar cells in the solar panel which we are using today. Edmond Becquerel About the Scientist Key terms and terminologies of the unit 1. Environment : An Environment is everything that is present around us. 2. Biotic components : The living things present in the environment are called biotic components. 3. Abiotic components : The non-living things present in the environment are called abiotic components. 4. Energy : The capacity to do work is called energy. 5. Heat Energy : It is a form of energy that gives sensation of warmth. 6. Light Energy : It is a form of energy that gives us sensation of vision. 7. Photosynthesis : The process of making food by green plants. Heat and light for organisms Plants need sunlight for preparing their food. For the proper growth and development, plants need heat and light. Similarly, to keep the body warm and to maintain the body temperature, animals need heat. Not only this, we need heat and light in our day-to-day life. We need sun rays to dry our clothes and food items. Moreover, we get vitamin D from the sun.

84 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Due to the sunlight, we can see the objects clearly. It also helps to create a place where animals can live easily by maintaining the temperature. We can produce electricity from the sun. Due to the heat of the sun, water cycle occurs. It is the main cause behind the life on the earth. FACTS WITH REASONS Why the plants grown in dry places do not bear fruit well? The plants grown in dry places do not bear fruit well because heat dries out soil and scorches the plants. ACTIVITY 1 Observe in your surrounding and find out the various uses of heat and light. Make a report on a topic 'importance of heat and light for living beings' and present in the class. Fig: Photosynthesis Fig: Heat from the sun drying clothes Heat and light from the sun During the day, the sun is the largest and brightest object in the sky. It gives us light and heat. The heat from the sun warms all the parts of the earth. It also warms the ocean, the land and the air. The heat from the sun keeps living things living around us. The light from the sun is also called sunlight. Plants use this energy from the sunlight to prepare their own food for their growth and development. Without the light energy from the sun, there would be no plants on the earth. Many animals get their food by eating the plants. Sunlight also helps almost all animals to see during the day. We also need sunlight. It helps us to see and keep us warm.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 85 The sun is the main source for all types of energy The energy sources like fuel wood is obtained from the plants. They need sunlight for their growth. We used fuel woods to set fire. It means fire is also indirectly derived from the sun. Fossil fuels are the remaining of these plants and animals buried millions of years ago. Diesel, petrol, natural gas etc. are examples of fossil fuels. Hydro-electricity we use is only possible when rainfall occurs. Sun provides the heat energy for the rainfall. Similarly, the heat from the sun causes wind to blow. We get wind energy from the wind. Almost all of the energies on the earth are directly and indirectly derived from the heat and light of the sun. ACTIVITY 2 Effects of sunlight on the growth of the plants Objective: observation of the effect of sunlight on plant bud development Material Required: Pot, Soil, Fertilizer, Water, Mug, Seed, etc. Procedure: Take equal amount of soil mixed with finely divided fertilizer in two pots of the same size. Take some seeds of any kind of legume. Spread equal amount of seeds in both the pots. Now, put the seeds in the pots in the same environment where there is no sunlight and pour the same amount of water in both of them. Observe the daily growth of the seeds. After the seed germinates, keep one pot outside in a sunny place and the other one in a dark room without sunlight. Pour water regularly. After observing each week, fill in the table with your friends. Changes in mature plants Dark room plant Sunny plant The color of the plant First Week Second Week Third Week Plant Height First Week Second Week Third Week Conclusion: The colour and height of the plants that grow in sunny place were ________ while those in dark place were _________.

86 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Use of sunlight for photosynthesis Plants grow from the food stored in their seeds. Green plants contain chlorophyll that traps the sunlight to prepare their food. The process of making food by green plants using sunlight is called photosynthesis. Plants use that food to grow. In the absence of sunlight, photosynthesis does not take place and the plant turns yellow. Heat and light for animals Animals need heat and light to survive. Heat and light are continuously received from the sunlight. Therefore, the sun is regarded as the main source of heat and light. Animals require heat energy to perform various functions like hatching a baby from an egg, physical growth and development of the baby, to keep their body warm etc. In the same way, light helps in seeing the objects, finding food and shelter, avoiding traps etc. ACTIVITY 3 What kind of land do you live in? What kind of plants grow in winter and rainy season. Fill in the table below by observing or asking your elder or searching the internet. Where you live: ________ Type of land: ________ S.No Tree Fruits Vegetables Winter Rainy Winter Rainy 1 2 3 Growth of plants in different parts of the country The plants found in an area are different due to the size and type of plants, the amount of water that falls on that land, the duration of the sunlight, etc. Our country Nepal has mountains, hills and plains. Due to the different altitudes and climates, the plants in the mountains, hills and plains are also different. In the hilly part of Nepal, the trees of pine, walnut, fir, rhododendron etc. are found. In the Himalayas, plants like spruce, juniper, etc. are grown. They have needle like leaves. In high Himalayan part of Nepal, grassy plants are found only in summer. This is because there is snow in the high Himalayan region.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 87 Effects of climate on plants The days are long in the summer season and shorter in winter season. In summer, the sunlight falls on the plants for a long time. It makes the plants grow faster and helps the flower to bloom. Due to the fact that the days are shorter in the winter than in the summer, the plants do not get much sunlight. During the winter, the plants grow less. This is because there is less heat and light for the plants to grow. All flowers do not bloom only during the day. Paarijat, Jasmine, night queen, etc. bloom during the night time. HOT SKILL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL 1. Define environment and organisms. An environment is everything that is present around us. The things having life on them are called organisms. 2. Define the components of environment with examples. Biotic components: The living things present in the environment are called biotic components, for example, plants, animals, etc. Abiotic components: The non-living things present in the environment are called abiotic components, for examples, water, air, etc. 3. Differentiate between environment and ecology. S.N. Environment Ecology 1 It comprises physical components which influence life. It comprises biological components present in an ecosystem. 2 It provides the condition to live. It provides the relation between components to live. 4. How are organisms related to environment? Organisms interact each other. They use available resources such as light, heat, water, food etc. from the environment. They interact in a specific way. So that they can be benefited with each other.

88 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 3 STEPS 3 STEPS EXERCISE EXERCISE STEP1 1. Select the best answer from the given alternatives. a. Which of the following is the main source of heat? i. Fire ii. Gas iii. Electric light iv. Sun b. Which of the following is the main reason for the withering of plants in winter? i. Lack of sunlight ii. Loss of heat iii. Lack of water iv. Lack of air c. Which of the following is the main function of the tunnel made for vegetable cultivation? i. To raise the temperature inside the tunnel ii. To prevent light from entering the tunnel iii. Do not allow the air inside the tunnel to escape iv. Protect plants from water and insects d. Which of the following is a green pigment found in plants? i. Chlorophyll ii. Stem iii. Flower iv. Fruit e. Which of the following elements is present along with the materials taken up by the roots to make the food for the plants? i. Heat, Light, Chlorophyll and Oxygen ii. Heat, Light, Chlorophyll and Carbon dioxide iii. Heat, Chlorophyll and Carbon dioxide iv. Energy, Light, Chlorophyll and Oxygen 2. Write True for the correct and False for the incorrect statements. a. Chicken need light to hatch. b. Plants grow faster in places where the sunlight lasts for a long time. c. The leaves of the plants found in Himalayan region are fine and needle- shaped. d. Energy such as heat and light are non-living aspects of the environment.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 89 e. The tunnel supports the plants inside by blocking sunlight from penetrating through the plastics. 3. Fill in the blanks using suitable word. [photosynthesis, growth and development, far away, summer, sun] a. Energy is obtained from the ___________. b. _______ climate is considered suitable for farming. c. Animals move _______ from their habitat in adverse weather. d. In response to sunlight, plants undergo _________________. e. Only green plants are able to do ________ 4. Match the following: a. Biotic i. Hydroelectricity b. Heat and light ii. Energy crisis c. Ability to do work iii. Living organisms d. Water iv. Energy e. Shortage of energy v. Sun STEP2 5. Answer the following questions in very short. a. What are those organisms called that get their energy by eating other organisms? b. What is the shortage of energy called? c. Name the main source of heat and light. d. Give two examples of abiotic components. e. Name the green pigment found in the plants. 6. Give reasons. a. Plants grown in dry places do not bear fruit. b. Animals like frog, snakes, lizards etc. are less visible in winter season. c. Animals tend to move away from their habitat during adverse weather and return to their previous habitat during favourable times.

90 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 7. Differentiate between the following. a. Heat and light b. Abiotic and biotic components 8. Study the given diagram and answer the following questions: a. What is shown in the given figure? b. Describe the role of sun to run this process. STEP3 9. Answer the following questions. a. Describe briefly the need of heat and light for organisms. b. List any three sources of heat and light. c. Write the reasons why plants do not grow in a place where there is no sunlight. d. Why are plastic tunnels used for vegetable cultivation during winger. e. Explain an experiment to show the effects of sunlight in the growth of the plants.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 91 Sequence of Curriculum Issued by CDC  Identification to sources of energy  Environment impacts of excessive use of energy and its mitigation measures UNIT Sources of Energy in Environment 3.2 Estimated teaching periods Theory Practical 4 1 James Watt was a Scottish instrument maker and inventor. He was born in 1736 and died in 1819 in England. He invented steam engine. Steam engine is the device that uses the power of steam and converts it into mechanical energy (work related to the movement of machine parts). Steam engine contributed substantially to the industrial revolution all over the world. James Watt About the Scientist Key terms and terminologies of the unit 1. Sources of energy : The place or objects from which we get energy are called sources of energy. 2. Emission : Producing or discharging smokes or gases or liquids from any process is called emission. 3. Fossils fuels : The fuels that are obtained from remains of plants and animals buried in the earth millions of years ago are called fossil fuels. 4. Energy crisis : Energy crisis is the situation where there is limited supply of energy for unlimited activities. 5. Environment : Environment is the external factors and conditions that surround and influence living organisms or systems. Introduction In daily life, we need energy to do various activities that we want to do. We need energy to move one object from one place to another and also to change the place. Sun is the main source of energy. The energy of the

92 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 sun is called solar energy. All the living organisms need solar energy. Solar energy comes from the heat and light of the sun. Plants prepare food from the sunlight. Animals survive by eating the plants. From the plants we get wood, timber and coal. These overall activities occur in an ecosystem. ACTIVITY 1 Write down the names of energy that you use in your daily life. Where does that energy come from? Where are your sources and uses? Fill in the table below: S.No Energy Source Use 1 Wood Forest Cooking food The earth is warmed by the heat received from the sun. Due to the heat of the sun, the water on the surface of the earth is heated and evaporates. Then the cloud is formed. The cloud again takes the form of water and falls to the ground. The water is collected in dams and hydroelectricity is produced and distributed to homes, schools, offices, factories, industries, etc. Different kinds of daily activities of people have become simple due the electricity and other sources of energy. Our excessive use of energy has a negative impact on air, water, forests and life.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 93 FACTS WITH REASONS The use of electric vehicles reduces pollution. Electric vehicles produce no carbon dioxide emissions when driving. So it reduces pollution. ACTIVITY 2 Look at the figures given below and discuss Do the various devices and energy sourc in the figures reduce environmental impact? Fill in the table below: Source of energy Minimizing environmental impact Improved Stove Less use of fuel, food will be cooked faster, house and kitchen will be smoke free. Pressure cooker Solar panel Hydroelectricity Electric vehicle Gas stove Bio- gas

94 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Environment Environment is the external factors and conditions that surround and influence living organisms or systems. It includes both physical and biological components. The non-living physical component includes atmosphere, water, soil, temperature, light, air, etc. Similarly, the living components include plants and animals. Types of environment The environment is of two types. They are natural environment and man-made environment. Natural environment includes forest or a river ecosystem. Similarly, human-made environment includes city or an industrial area. The study of the environment and its impact on living organisms is called environmental science. Energy in the environment The sun is the main source of energy in an ecosystem. All kinds of energy sources are directly and indirectly depend upon the sun. Environmental impacts of over use of energy The consumption of various energy sources are increasing day by day. The energy used by humans in their daily activities are affecting all organisms including the humans and their environment. Overuse of energy sources like fossil fuels and firewood is polluting the air we breathe. It can kill plants slowly by blocking stomata of leaves and decreasing photosynthesis. Air pollution also decreases the amount of food materials produced from the plants. It causes numerous diseases like eye diseases, lung problems and even cancer in human and animals. Forests are being cleared to obtain fuelwoods. Clearing forest destroys the home of plants and animals. Clearing forests also increases the chances of landslides and soil erosion. Fossil fuels are extracted deep below the earth surface. Extraction of fossil fuels also disturbs overlying land and plants and animals living there. Fossil fuels extracting deep below the sea pollutes sea and affect the sea creatures. Continuous use of fossil fuels by industries, vehicles and households is increasing air pollution. Energy crisis Over extraction of energy cause energy crisis. Scarcity of usable energy is

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 95 called energy crisis. It is certain to come in future if we do not use energy sources wisely and environment friendly. Measures to reduce overuse of energy Some measures from our side to reduce the effect of overuse of energy in the environment are given below. 1. Switching off the electrical appliances when not in use. 2. Using alternative sources of energy like solar energy, bio-gas, improved cooking stoves, hydro-electricity for household use. 3. Using the waste materials from agriculture for making bio-briquets. 4. Walking in the short distance than using vehicles. 5. Using energy efficient devices like pressure cooker, improved cooking stoves, led bulbs etc. in home. 6. Prioritizing electric vehicles than fossil fuel run vehicles for public use. 7. Prioritizing public vehicles of large capacity than motorbikes and cars for regular use. 8. Making your family and community aware on environment friendly energy sources. Not only these, from today, we should stop the unnecessary use of energy sources like fossil fuels that impacts us and our environment. Alternative sources of energy like bio-gas (gas from decomposition of animal dungs), solar energy, wind energy, micro-hydro, etc. should be prioritized. These sources of energy do not finish and can be obtained continuously from nature. They also do not cause significant negative impact on the environment. Project work 1. On the occasion of World Environment Day, June 5, organize and display a painting competition on the subject matter reflecting the measures to reduce the impact of excessive use of energy on the environment. 2. Organize a public awareness program in your school premises with play cards on how to reduce the impact of excessive use of energy on the environment.

96 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 HOT SKILL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL 1. Which of the following source of energy is environment friendly? a. Firewood b. Petroleums c. Solar energy d. Dung cakes Answer: Solar energy is the environment friendly source of energy. 2. What is the ultimate source of energy? The sun is the ultimate source of energy. 3. Define energy and energy crisis. The capacity to do work is called energy. Similarly, the shortage of essential energy is called energy crisis. 4. What do you mean by sources of energy? Write its types. The object or the system from which energy can be obtained to provide heat, light and power are called sources of energy. Its types are renewable sources of energy and non-renewable sources of energy. 5. Which source of energy has low environmental impact between solar energy and petroleum? Give reasons to justify your answer. Petroleum is obtained from the mining seas and oceans. The transporting and refining petroleum in factories causes degradation of land, water and air. Besides, burning of petroleums releases harmful gases in the atmosphere polluting the air we breathe. In other hand, solar energy is a renewable source of energy. But we need batteries and solar panels to use it. Producing solar panel and batteries cause less pollution comparing with petrolu. Therefore, solar energy has low environmental impact than petroleum.

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 97 3 STEPS 3 STEPS EXERCISE EXERCISE STEP1 1. Choose the best alternatives: a. Which of the following is the source of energy? i. Iron ii. Wood iii. Soil iv. Sound b. The air pollution is caused by the use of i. Diesel ii. Electricity iii. Solar iv. Cow dung gas c. The main source of energy in the earth is i. Moon ii. Star iii. Sun iv. Planet d. Which of the following energy source does not cause pollution? i. Diesel ii. Hydroelectricity iii. Wood iv. Coal e. Which of the following is a method to prevent unnecessary use of energy? i. Using dekchi in a traditional oven ii. Using less electricity than required iii. Using a pressure cooker on an improves stove iv. Use multiple power bulbs for lightening. 2. Tick the correct statement and cross the false one: a. Use of electric vehicles cause pollution. b. Unnecessary and overuse of energy cause negative impact on the environment. c. Coal is abundant in nature. d. Keeping a light in an unoccupied room is an example of unnecessary use of electrical energy.

98 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 3. Fill in the blanks using suitable words. hydroelectricity sun pollute energy less a. All kinds of daily activities are carried out in presence of ______. b. ________ use of energy leads to depletion of naturally occurring fuels. c. Using solar energy does not ______ the environment. d. The main source of energy on the earth is ______. e. _____________ is the alternative source of energy. 4. Match the following. a. Coal i. Electric vehicles b. Hydro-power ii. Alternative source of energy c. Bio-gas iii. An example of non-renewable source d. Less pollution iv. An example of renewable source 5. Answer the following questions in very short a. What is the ultimate source of energy? b. For which process plants need solar energy? c. List two renewable and two non-renewable energy sources. STEP2 6. Give reasons. a. Electric vehicles run from hydro-electricity are environment friendly. Why? b. Solar energy is a renewable sources of energy. Why? c. Coal is known as non-renewable sources of energy. Why? d. Why is solar energy known as ultimate source of energy?

Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 99 7. Differentiate between : a. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources b. Solar Energy and Hydro-electric energy c. Bio-gas and coal 8. Write short answers of the following. a. What do you mean by renewable energy sources? Give any two examples. b. Define non-renewable energy sources with two examples. c. What is energy crisis? How does it occur? STEP3 9. Answer the following questions. a. What do you think about the clean sources of energy? Explain why they are called so? b. Among firewood and bio-gas (gobar gas) which do you prefer. List down the statements to support your answer. c. Make a list of things that are used as a source of energy in our daily life d. Write any five ways that can be applied to reduce energy crisis in your home or community. e. Both firewood and cow-dung are traditional sources of energy that pollute the environment. Among these two sources, which you prefer? Provide at least two valid reasons for your preference? f. Which one is better to use between diesel car or electric car? Write with reasons.

100 Modern Concept Science and Technology Book 5 Unit 4 Classification of Living Beings Pigeon Hen Ostrich Parrot Frog Toad Salamandar Man Woman Bat Cow Whale Mouse Dog Cat Dolphin Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 The four rows of figures are given above. Look at them carefully and answer the following questions based on your observation. 1. What are the differences between the organisms of first and second row? 2. How do animals of rows three and four similar to each other? 3. Differentiate between the animals of first row and fourth row. 4. What could be the similar features among all these animal?