446 ChEmiCals usEd in daily lifE Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Modern Concept Science & Technology - 10 4477. Write about the causes of chemical pollution caused by industrial products like cement, glass, ceramics, plastic, fibre, chemical fertilizers, soap, detergent, etc. in your locality. Cement, glass, ceramics, plastic, fibre, chemical fertilizers, soap, detergent, etc. are the source of chemical pollution. They pollute the environment in the following ways: i. Chemical fertilizer: Chemical fertilizers are synthetic chemicals. They dissolve in water and then mix deep in the soil. They hurt earthworms, make soil acidic and mix in rivers.ii. Automobiles and industrial waste: Automobiles and industries mostly use fossil fuels. They release smoke and dust into the environment. iii. Synthetic cleaners: Detergent and soap mix in water resources and disturb aquatic ecosystems. iv. Plastic: Since plastic is non-biodegradable they stay in the environment for decades or more. v. Colouring matter: Food colours, dyes, paints etc are very harmful to health and environment. vi. Insecticides: Chemical insecticides are toxic. They leak from agricultural fields into the water resources and mix into the land as well. It makes land and water poisonous. vii. Construction materials Cement, glass, metals etc. are solid waste. They pollute the environment. 8. How is Sajiban beneficial for agriculture, medicine and fuel? Sajiban is beneficial for agriculture because it is used to make compost, for medicine because it is used to make anticancer medicine and for fuel because its oil can be used instead of diesel. 9. What do food preservatives do to bacteria?Food preservatives usually control the moisture of food, prevent the reproduction of bacteria and sometimes kill bacteria. As a result, food won't spoil. 4 STEPS EXERCISE EXERCISESTEP11. Multiple Choice Questions a. Which one is a chemical food preservative?i. turmeric ii. sodium meta sulphiteiii. mustard oil iv. smokeb. Why is sugar and honey used as a food preservative?i. These are sweet and tasty.ii. These can remove moisture from food.iii. These can prevent the oxidation of food.
448 ChEmiCals usEd in daily lifE Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Modern Concept Science & Technology - 10 449iv. These reduce microbial activities. c. Why is vitamin C added to canned food?i. it kills bacteriaii. to supply vitamins to people iii. it makes food tasty iv. it prevents oxidation, it is antioxidant d. What is the sajiwan plant used for?i. compost, medicine, biodiesel ii. fodder for goats, compost, wash dishesiii. wash clothes, make shampoo, cancer medicine iv. cleaning hair, foaming agent, antimicrobiale. Which one among A and B remains in the food chain and body fats for a long time?A Pesticides B Decomposed by microbes Cannot be decomposed by microbes i. A remains in the food chain and B remains in the body fat for a long time.ii. B remains in the food chain and A remains in the body fat for a long time.iii. A remains in the food chain and body fat for a long time.iv. B remains in the food chain and body fat for a long time. f. Why can Reetha be used as a foaming agent? i. it contains sodium acetate ii. it contains sodium lauryl sulphate iii. it contains saponin iv. it contains air bubbles g. Study the given dialogue and answer the following questions. Dipti : Stomach pesticide is a type of pesticide based on mode of action.Srishti : In this process, the pesticide is sprayed into the plant body. The plant is covered by this pesticide. The insects die when they eat that plant.Sheena : I believe that these pesticides are sprayed on vegetables. Vegetables absorb these pesticides. Pesticides stay inside the plant body. The insects die when they eat that plant. Who is correct and who is incorrect? i. Dipti and Sheena are correct but Srishti is incorrect. ii. Dipti and Sheena are incorrect but Srishti is correctiii. Dipti and Srishti are correct but Sheena is incorrect iv. Dipti and Srishti are incorrect but Sheena is correct h. Some characteristics of the insecticides are listed below. Give one example of such a pesticide.
448 ChEmiCals usEd in daily lifE Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Modern Concept Science & Technology - 10 449Feature Target Mode Insect Internal i. Butachlor ii. Cypermethrin iii. Multineem iv. Sectini. Which one is a set of insecticides?i. isoproturon, atrazine, butachlor ii. azobenzene, fenazaquin, propargiteiii. Sectin, Mancozeb, dithiocarbamateiv. malathion, parathion, cypermethrinj. In which group does it lie? i. synthetic cleanser ii. natural cleanser iii. chemical preservatives iv. induced ripening fruits food preservativesa. ii b. iv c. iv d. i e. iv f. iii g. iii h. ii i. iv j. i Ans of MCQSTEP22. Very short questions a. The birds and hens are laying unfertilised eggs with thin shells. The number of eggs laid by hen per year is decreasing. Which chemical causes this? b. The food kept in cold storage last longer. Why?c. What is Reetha used for?d. Gas masks are compulsory while using fumigants.e. What are the harmful effects of the consumption of fruits ripened using ripening agents?f. What is the sodium salt of benzene sulphonic acid called? g. Ram Bhakta is a farmer. He put a banana in a jute sack and kept it in dry hay for a week. What is he doing? h. The Nepal government used DDT widely in 1952 to fight malaria. However, DDT was banned later permanently. What could be the reasons?i. What does it mean by integrated pest management?STEP33. Short questions a. How do farmers ripen bananas faster without using ripening agents?b. Observe the diagram. A farmer is spraying the pesticides. If there are mistakes in how he is using the pesticide, enlist them.
450 ChEmiCals usEd in daily lifE Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Modern Concept Science & Technology - 10 451c. Differentiate between first-class preservatives and second-class preservatives. Give examples.d. Why is a detergent called soapless soap?e. Traditionally meat is preserved by spreading salt and spices, smoking and sun drying. How does it preserve meat? f. Multiple cases of cancer and lung diseases caused by overexposure to chemical pesticides appear in the news nowadays. To avoid this the government has provided some directions regarding the import, storage and use of pesticides. What are they? Enlist. g. Nepal government should encourage Nepali farmers to farm reetha and sajevan. Support the statement.h. Instead of detergent, using lemon water to clean the tiles, bathroom, kitchen etc. should be encouraged. Why?STEP44. Long questions a. What is soap? How can you prepare soap? Why people do not want to use it to wash clothes in hard water? b. Samira is a 5-year-old child and she is playing with a pesticide container. Explain a few reasons why it is dangerous for her health so that she would stop playing with it. Also, educate her parents on how to dispose of the pesticide containers.c. What do you mean by chemical pollution? The human residence is a major source of chemical pollution. How can we help to reduce the quantity of chemical and solid wastes? Put your opinion.d. What are the different types of insecticides based on the nature of the action? Enlist and describe each of them. e. Study the given fact event and answer the following questions. [Mayor Balen Shah and Deputy Mayor Sunita Dangol inspected the Sisdol dumping site on Friday, June 3, 2022. Mayor Balen Shah assures to remove the Sisdol landfill’s odour in a week. He also announced plans to set up a system to make manure from garbage and extract gas by drilling. According to him, it will take three to four months to complete the project. Shah also added that arrangements would be made to separate and dispose of perishable and nonperishable garbage.] How do domestic solid wastes become a source of pollution? How can we reduce solid waste in the first place? Write. How should we manage these solid wastes to reduce environmental pollution?♦♦♦
450 ChEmiCals usEd in daily lifE Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Modern Concept Science & Technology - 10 451List and Source of Some Nepalese Scientist Biography List of some Nepalese scientistSource of biography Source of photoLujendra Ojha https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lujendra_Ojhahttps://eps.rutgers.edu/images/Luju_faculty_page.pngSushila Maharjanhttps://kathmandupost.com/art-culture/2023/10/30/lessons-in-chemistryhttps://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2023/third-party/SushilaMaharjanProfile-1698629903.jpgTej Kumar Shresthahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tej_Kumar_Shresthahttps://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31b7s83j2ZL._SX210_CR0%2C0%2C210%2C210_.jpgBodhraj Acharyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhraj_Acharyahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Bodhraj_Acharya.jpg/220px-Bodhraj_Acharya.jpgDayananda Bajracharyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Bajracharyahttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSYX7UpT2rFwqZVnXTyrY7sa8wkri24AhS37aiP-4lE3lNrdKXU9gXXyENamzZ3vhKhIq6upeNbCejxoGC82E3hTe22_ddsGEiLtWcTX5Muddct0jCwuPB00JrFxl5dSHNevrGEQT4Jzc8wVeze2GAyWca8Fy2bjhr2HUxM6ioa-jVtn6p_BDE_syzw=s200Dr. Bhola Rijal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhola_Rijalhttps://hamshospital.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Dr.-Bhola-Rijal.jpgDr. Bhagwan Koiralahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagawan_Koiralahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Bhagawan_Koirala_during_an_Interview%2C_2012.jpgJyoti Bhandarihttps://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepaliresearcher-womenscientists.htmlhttps://english.onlinekhabar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Jyoti-Bhandari-profile-photo1024x768.jpgYadav Pandit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadav_Pandithttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Dr._Yadav_Pandit.jpgSuresh Bhattarai https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suresh_Bhattaraihttps://media.licdn.com/dms/image/D4D03AQEv8hWfFDudSg/profiledisplayphoto-shrink_200_200/0/1707838593822?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=W91i032MndnQEt3GQN86-oI1JPCbZ4Dl8QhqHHj0lq4
452 ChEmiCals usEd in daily lifE Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Approved by the Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Modern Concept Science & Technology - 10 PBShiba Kumar Raihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiba_Kumar_Raihttps://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/Kedar Lal Shrestha https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedar_Lal_Shresthahttp://www.lvc.edu.np/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/chairman.pngDr. Sanduk Ruithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanduk_Ruithttps://www.tilganga.org/storage/teams/Gehendra Shumsherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehendra_Shumsherhttps://img4.bdbphotos.com/images/230x300/u/d/udjjiqnbk2vrr2v.jpg?skj2io4lBinil Aryal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binil_Aryalhttps://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/273798851198982-1442290141866_Q128/B-Aryal.jpgMahabir Pun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabir_Punhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mahabir_Pun_at_Mahabir%27s_Center_for_Nepal_Connection.jpg/800px-Mahabir_Pun_at_Mahabir%27s_Center_for_Nepal_Connection.jpgNilam Shrestha Pradhanhttps://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepaliresearcher-womenscientists.html https://english.onlinekhabar.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Nilam-Shrestha-Pradhan1024x777.jpgUdayaraj Khanalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udayraj_Khanalhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Udayraj_Khanal.jpgNiranjan Parajulihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niranjan_Parajulihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Niranjan-3.jpg/1024pxNiranjan-3.jpgBishal Nath Upretihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishal_Nath_Upreti https://www.asianscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/Bishal-Nath-Upreti30d730tejg0up89njfocg0.jpgRam I. Mahato https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_I._Mahatohttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Ram_I._Mahato.jpgDr. Shobha Poudelhttps://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepaliresearcher-womenscientists.html https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Poudel-198x228.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nepalese_scientistshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Nepal#Notable_People♦♦♦