NOVA
Social Studies
And
Creative Arts
Grade 4
Author
Binod Kumar Pathak
NOVA
Publication
NOVA PUBLICATION
Satungal, Kathmandu
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 1
Social Studies
And
Creative Arts
Grade-4
NOVA
Publication
Price :
Edition : 2018
Layout : Image Graphic
Printed in Nepal
© All rights reserved with the Publisher – No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means
2 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Preface
‘Social Studies and Creative Arts – Grade Four’ interests the students due to
its practical approach of guiding the students to learn the fundamental rules
and regulations which govern our family, society and nation. Right from the
first lesson till the end, students have creative involvement with the different
kinds of academic activities such as arts, drawings, tricks along with the
practical exercises. This book has incorporated the contents which go well
with the emotional and perceptive growth of students at Grade-Four level.
This is the age when children are deeply connected with family. School is
the temple of learning. The present textbook has all the ingredients to make
teaching and learning of social studies interesting and easy going. Each lesson
contains exercises involving creative art, fun activities, discussion, and role
playing. Students should learn to become more expressive and develop more
capabilities at cognitive and emotional level while they go through the lessons.
The exercises at the end of every lesson make them much more capable to
reason with different ideas and concepts. Students share their emotions with
friends, family members and teachers at this level. I expect the teachers to be
cooperative with the students while teaching the lessons and show patience
in answering the questions raised by students. At the same time, students are
expected to go through each lesson before and after it is taught in the classroom.
I thank Nova Publication Pvt. Ltd. for bringing this book in print form and
make it available in your hand. Mr. Megh Raj Poudel, the Managing Director
of this publishing house has been very helpful to arrange for all the technical
assistance which I demanded from him. I sincerely thank Mr. Birendra Shrestha
for being very cooperative with me to plug the loopholes of design related
matters and make it look attractive to all of us.
Author
Date: February 24, 2018 Binod Kumar Pathak
Falgun 12, 2074
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 3
Table of Contents Page
1
UNIT 1: ME, MY FAMILY AND NEIGHBOURS 2
6
Lesson 1: My Neighbours 11
15
Lesson 2: Machines and Tools used in Work 18
19
Lesson 3: Proper Use of Machines and Tools 23
Lesson 4: Mutual Cooperation with Neighbours 27
31
UNIT: 2 OUR TRADITIONS, SOCIAL VALUES AND BELIEFS 34
37
Lesson 1: Respect to Elders 40
Lesson 2: Our Language and Dress 41
Lesson 3: Our Culture and Festivals 45
Lesson 4: Importance of a Birthplace 49
Lesson 5: My Residential Place -- How Beautiful! 53
Lesson 6: All Greats and Kind Hearts of My District 56
UNIT: 3 SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS 59
Lesson 1: Be Helpful and Cooperative 63
Lesson 2: Resist Addiction and Harmful Behaviours
Lesson 3: Social Evils
Lesson 4:Ways to End Disputes
Lesson 5:Ways to Remove Social Evils
LOersgsaonniz6a:tiFounnsctions of Other Institutions and
Lesson 7: A Visit to a Local Social Organization
4 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
UNIT: 4 CIVIC SENSE 65
Lesson 1: Our Rights 66
Lesson 2: Children's Participation 70
Lesson 3: Natural Resources 73
Lesson 4: Our Cultural Heritages 76
Lesson 5: Cleanliness in Public Places 79
Lesson 6:Traffic Rules 82
Lesson 7: Village Council 86
Lesson 8: Municipality 89
Lesson 9: Equal Treatment to All 93
UNIT: 5 OUR EARTH 96
Lesson 1: Our District 97
Lesson 2: A Map of My District 100
Lesson 3: Origin of Earth 103
Lesson 4: Composition of Earth 107
Lesson 5: Our Neighbouring Country India 111
Lesson 6: Our Neighbouring Country China 115
UNIT: 6 OUR PAST 120
Lesson 1: History of a Place Where I Live 121
Lesson 2: Our Historical Resources 124
Lesson 3: History of Naming Nepal 128
Lesson 4: Our Brave Martyrs 131
Lesson 5: Paying Respects to Martyrs 134
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 5
UNIT: 7 OUR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 139
140
Lesson 1: Being Regular at Work 144
Lesson 2: Dignity of Work 147
Lesson 3: Realizing the Value of Money 151
Lesson 4: Production and Development in My District 154
Lesson 5: Our Economic Activities 157
158
CREATIVE ART 159
161
UNIT 1: VISUAL ART 163
164
Lesson 1: See,Think and Draw Figures 167
Lesson 2: Match and Fill the Colours 169
Lesson 3: Clay Sculptures 170
Lesson 4: Make Objects by Paper 172
Lesson 5: Make New Objects by Old Ones 173
Lesson 6: Make Shapes and Designs by Ropes 174
Lesson 7: Learn Weaving 175
176
UNIT 2: MUSIC, DANCE AND ACTING 177
181
Lesson 1: HoneYour Voice
Lesson 2: Learn to Play Madal
Lesson 3: Sing a Song
Lesson 4: Learn the steps to Dance
Lesson 5: Pranayam andYoga Mudra
Lesson 6: Let us play roles in Acting
6 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
UNIT
1
Me, My Family
and Neighbours
Lesson 1: My Neighbours 1
Lesson 2: Tools used in Work
Lesson 3: Proper Use of Machines and Tools
Lesson 4: Mutual Cooperation with Neighbours
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Lesson 1 My Neighbours
Objectives of this lesson are:
To identify the neighbours and their strength
To maintain good behaviors with them and allow them to share their ideas on local level
development
A friend from neighbourhood is playing in a nearby garden.
I am Prabhat Poudel and I am the resident of Dhikur Pokhari in Kaski
district of Nepal. The residential area where I live is called Leware. My
neighbours are from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. Geeta,
Ramnath, Dasarath, Dorje, Sonam, Aaiatmaya and Saleem are a few
neighbours who reside near to my house. All of us are students and go to
same school. It is such a wonderful experience when we share our daily
life together. Our guardians visit each other and are in cordial relationship.
They come forward to help each other in time of need and distress. In the
nearby garden, people of all age groups assemble to do yoga, breathing
exercise, gentle exercise, light sports and strolling. Children of my age love
to play various games in the evening after coming back from school. All
the neighbours celebrate culttural festivals such as Holi, Dashain, Tihar,
Teej, Loshar and so on. Elders and senior citizens guide the community to
celebrate these festivals with peace and harmony.
I remember how Saleem fell down from the tree while he was attempting
to swing on it. Suntali Didi rushed to help Saleem and lifted him on her
2 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
back to his house. Abdulla
Kaka thanked Suntali Didi
and suggested to make a safe
swing for children playing
there. Harka Dai, Bahidar
Ba and Abdulla Kaka came
forward to erect (make) a
strong swing tied up firmly
wih the strong bamboo and
metal poles. Now, all the
children enjoy swinging turn
by turn. Nobody ever tries to
climb up a tree without the
assistance of their guardians.
Kite flying is another sport Kite-flying with neighbour's children.
that attracts all the neighbours
particularly during Dashain. Sky above my head gets dotted with beautiful
and colourful kites flying in all directions. Kites' fights in the sky inerest all
the children and adults alike.
Teaching Guideline
Develop an attitude of cooperation with each other in your neighbourhood. Let the students
understand how important it is to have good neighbours. Let them understand how good
neighbours contribute to peace, harmony and development of residents both individually and
collectively. Teach them the respectful ways of addressing their neighbours of different age
groups with commonly accepted terms such as Daju, Dai, Baje, Kaka, Bhai, Didi, Aamma and
so on.
Words and terms you would like to know
Diverse: including many different types of people or things
Harmony: living together without unpleasant interpersonal experiences
Exercise
1. Answer the following questions.
(a) Write the name of your village/town. Which district does it belong
to?
(b) Who is a neighbour? Write the names of at least five neighbours
you interact with.
(c) Name your friends witth whom you play in the neighbourhood.
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 3
(d) What types of activities you and your family members share with
your neighbours.
2. Fill up the blanks below with correct words.
(a) All the friends in my residential area play ……………… (together/
alone)
(b) If a friend of mine in neighbourhood gets injured while playing,
then all of us ………………………………….. (stay there to help
him/ run away from the spot)
(c) There are …………….. houses in my residential area. (many/a
few)
(d) We should extend our ……………… to our neighbours.
(cooperation/non-cooperation)
(e) Those people who live in the same residential colony (area) are
called ……………. (neighbours/foreigners)
3. How do you call your neighbours for help in case somebody in your
family falls sick? Stage an act (drama) in the classroom to portray the
situation.
4. Request your guardians to involve you when local development work
such as cleanliness drive, health awareness program, pure drinking
water distribution, medicine distribution etc are organized with the
help of neighbours' participation. Write your experience after you
participate in one such program.
5. Look at the following two pictures. Explain the details inside the
picture in your own words.
A B
4 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
A. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
B. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
6. Write down the names of your neighbours along with the kind of
relationship you have with them. How do you address them? Also
mention their main work at present status in life. Take help from the
following table.
Neighbour's Related to you The way you Main work or
Name as address him/ status in life
Ramnath her
Poudel
Hajur Buwa
Son of Father's Dai
Friend
Mother's Aunty
Friend
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 5
Lesson 2 Machines and Tools Used in Work
Tool is a device or implement, usually held in the hand, used to carry
out a particular work (function). Tools vary according to their purposes.
Mechanical tools such as saws and hammers are different from highly
technical machines such as laptop computer, television, refrigerator and
washing machine. Therefore, there is a basic difference between a machine
and a tool. A machine is a device that directs and controls energy, often in
the form of movement or electricity, to produce certain effect. On the other
hand, a tool is a mechanical device that makes a task easier to perform.
a machine is more complex device while a tool is a simple mechanical
device to work with. A sewing machine sews and stitch cloths and a
scissor as a tool cuts cloths into pieces. All of us need machines and tools
to be productive and efficient in our daily life. Just look around and you
find several machines and tools in and around your house like kitchen,
bathroom, study room, drawing room, garden and farmland and others.
Make a list of such tools and mention the specific purpose for which they
are used.
I am Surabhi Trivedi and will tell you about some of the tools that my
neighbours use. Hari Prashad Yadav is a doctor and a good friend of my
father. He carries his stethoscope while checking heartbeats of a patient.
He also uses otoscope and ophalmoscope to look at eyes and ears.
Doctor's tools A combination of tools used in agriculture
Summit Choudhary comes from farmer's family. He lives nearby my house.
His grandparents and parents look after the farmland and fruit garden.
6 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
They use several tools such as wooden plough (Halo-Juwa), spade, sickle,
leveler (Suhaga), winnower, sieve (Chanani), harrow etc. These tools are
carried by them every day to work on the field. Each tool has a specific
purpose to serve. Plough prepares the farmland for sowing the seeds and
growth of a plant. Harrow is used for breaking up hard soil after rain and
for uprooting weeds.
Ramu Kaka is a carpenter and he runs his furniture factory in my residential
area. His work demands long hours of work with concentration. I have
seen him working with special tools hammer, tape measure, chalk line,
pencil, utility knife, nail puller, speed square, saw, wood chisel and so on.
Carpenter's tools used in carpentry
Habib Miya works in a tailoring shop. He works with a sewing machine
after measuring the customes' body for making dresses for them. He uses
the tools like like scissor, thread, buttons and tape. Hari Kaka works as a
cobbler and his tools are totally different from tailor's tools. He uses special
hammer, anvil and chopper to shape a shoe or slipper.
Tailor's tools Cobbler's tools
As a student I use tools like pen, pencil, table lamp, eraser, colour pencil,
sharpener among others. Similarly my teacher, Pathak Sir uses laptop,
internet, books, marker, whiteboard and others as tools to teach us.
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 7
Teacher's Tools Student's Tools
Architect's Tools Engineer's Tools
Rani Shrestha is an architect and her husband Raja Shrestha is a civil
engineer. Rani aunty makes designs of buildings, houses, bridges and other
such constructions. She needs big size paper, scales, compass, pencils and
so on. Her husband actually works in the field and constructs the building
as per the design made by architect Rani aunty. You go around and find out
how the tools used by people in their occupation increases their efficiency.
Teaching Guideline
Tell the students how people from different professions and occupations use the tools to
work with efficiency. Ask students to be attentive and observant while moving around in
neighbourhood to see the use of different types of tools used by those who are at work.
Words and terms you would like to know
Device: a tool or machine designed to perform a particular task or function
Winnow: to separate grain from its husks chaff by tossing it in air or blowing air through it
Uproot: to pull a plant and its root from soil
Weed: unwanted plants
Exercise
3. Answer the following questions.
(a) Differentiate between a machine and a tool with the help of
examples.
(b) How many hand tools do you use in your daily life? Name them
with their specific use.
8 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
(c) Make a list of tools which are used by your father, grandfather and
uncle.
(d) Name the tools that you often use in your school.
(e) Write down the specific differences between radio and television.
(f) How does smart phone differ from laptop?
(g) Go to your kitchen and see what kinds of tools are being used to
cook and serve the food to your family members. Make a list of
those tools with their specific use.
1. Look at the tools below. Write their name. Also write what these
tools are used for.
A B C D
A. ....................................................................................................................
B. ....................................................................................................................
C. ....................................................................................................................
D. ....................................................................................................................
E F G H
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 9
E. ....................................................................................................................
F. ....................................................................................................................
G. ....................................................................................................................
h. ....................................................................................................................
4. Draw pictures of following tools popular in Nepal:
Sickle (Hansiya), Pen (Kalam), Khukuri, Plough (Halo), Stethoscope
(Aala), Scissor, Knife, Kettle
5. Nepal is an agricultural country. Every farmer in Nepal needs to have
a few basic tools to work on the farmland. The following pictures
show a few basic tools needed for agriculture. Name these tools and
also mention their use.
A B C D E
……………. ……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
6. Write the name of the tool based on its specific purpose it serves.
Tool Specific purpose it serves
.......................... It is used to look at eyes and ears.
.......................... It is used to check the body temperature of a
patient.
.......................... It is used to soften the hard surface of soil crust.
.......................... It is used to chisel and make windows and doors.
.......................... It is used to filter grains from stones and dust.
10 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 3 Proper Use of Machines
and Tools
Prashant was ready to go to market. He got the safe company of his uncle
(Kaka) and elder sister (Didi). Three of them started walking to reach the
local market located three kilometers away from their house. On the way
to a local market, here is the interaction which took place amongst them:
Prashant with his family members is in local market.
Prashant: Kaka! Why are you carrying your agricultural tools right now?
Kaka: Yes, I am carrying spade, sickle and winnower right now. I am
looking for changing the handles of these tools. At the same time, I have to
get them sharpened in a local market.
Prashant: Yes, I understand. Can't you do it yourself?
Kaka: I do it and regularly sharpen these tools on smooth rock. But today I
need to sharpen them on running metallic wheel in the local market and also
change their handles. Any tool for longer use requires proper maintenance.
Prashant: Didi! You are carrying laptop right now with yourself. Why is
this so?
11<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Didi: Oh, I have to get it checked because it gets heated up just in 15 minutes
of use and then my laptop computer turns off automatically. I have to get it
repaired by consulting hardware experts.
Prashant: Okay. My radio had once fallen down from a table and it has lost
its clear sound. My television does not show clear picture. What should I
do Didi?
Didi: You should be very careful when you handle these electronic items.
Both radio and television are important tools for teachers, students,
journalists and others to get news, views and other information. Even
farmers receive guidelines regarding methods of agriculture on radio and
television. We must not use these tools as toys. We should handle them
with care. Get it repaired as soon as possible to avoid new purchase. These
devices are costly and we cannot buy them again and again.
Prashant: Now I can see the reason why barber cleans combs, scissors and
blades every day. My father never leaves pen uncapped in open. My mother
keeps her mobile phone in a cover to protect it from water and sudden fall.
I have never been that alert and careful in handling the tools.
Kaka: Yes, you are right my dear. Every tool needs proper maintenance.
We must follow the instructions prescribed for safe use and maintenance of
these tools. In absence of care, the tools run out their use. Sharp edge tools
such as Khukuri, razor, sickle, knife and others must be kept away from the
reach of children. Such tools should not be left without cover (protective
sheath). Never touch sharp edge tools on your own. Let your guardians
guide you how to use these tools.
Prashant: Thank you Kaka for your sincere advice. I will never play around
these tools.
Teaching Guideline
Ask the students to write the names of machines and tools usually found in a house. Tell them
to explain how these machines and tools are used by their family members for doing the work
successfully. Also help the students know the ways to keep these tools safely and protect them
from misuse or damage.
Words and terms you would like to know
Insist: to state or require something firmly and steadfastly
Prescribe: lay down rule; recommend remedy
Instruction: a spoken or written statement of what must be done
12 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Exercise
1. Answer the following questions:
(a) Write down the names of important machines and tools that you
have in your house. Also mention their use.
(b) How do you take care of machines and tools often used in daily
life?
(c) Nepal is an agricultural country. Name the agricultural tools and
suggest ways (methods) to maintain them.
(d) There are professions or occupations which use sharp edged tools.
What care must be taken while using such tools? Also name the
professions which use sharp edged tools.
2. Most of the houses keep the following machines or/and tools. Name
them and also mention their use.
A B C D
A. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
B. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
C. ....................................................................................................................
13<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
D. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
3. Match the following into pairs:
Group – (A.) Group – (B.)
Pen Weigh goods
Sewing Machine Loosen the soils in farm field
Scale Writing
Plough Sewing the clothes
Mobile phone Boil the rice
Pressure Cooker Talking and sending text messages
4. Write what safety measures your parents take for keeping mobile
safe and for keeping kitchen tools clean?
Know how to keep mobile safe Learn how to keep kitchen clean
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
14 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 4 Mutual Cooperation with
Neighbours
Human beings live in a group Mutual cooperation enhances human capacity
and a group cannot survive
without mutual cooperation.
Mutual cooperation is the
process of working or acting
together for common or mutual
benefit of human beings.
neighbours are the closely
linked group. Cooperation
among neighbours improves
their quality of life. Mutual
cooperation helps us achieve
our mutual goal.
My name is Sarita Sharma. Rishabh, Sandeep and Bimla are my neighbours.
They study in Grade Four as I do. We help each other. They lend me ink
to fill my pen. I help them in solving exercises of the lessons. I help them
prepare for exam.We also exchange food and water if anybody feels hungry
or thirsty in the classroom.
My neighbours Sriman
and Ramnath are farmers.
They borrow sickles,
Supo and Namlo from my
grandfather. In return they
allow my grandfather to
use the well for irrigating
the field.
Just the other day sudden My neighbour is helping me by lending his goods.
landslide destroyed my
animal shed. Yaks goats
and sheep ran here and
there out of fear. My
neighbours Dorje Dai,
15<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Dawa Kaka, Thupten Thulaba, Kshiring Di and Namgyal Dai were all up on
their feet to collect the animals and brought them back. Next morning, all
of us worked together to rebuild the shed. If my neighbours had not come
forward to help my family, we would have suffered the worst fate. Self-
centric approach in life separates us and mutual cooperation brings us
together to live the life with peace, joy and harmony.
Teaching Guideline
Give more live examples of mutual cooperation amongst the neighbours. Let the students feel
and experience the effect of mutual cooperation in their daily life. Give them various situations
of life where they can mutually cooperate both inside and outside the classroom, at their home
and in neighbourhood.
Words and terms you would like to know
Spirit: attitude, group loyalty
Regarding: about or on the subject of
Mound: a pile of earth, stones, or other material
Self-centric: selfish, confined to one's own interest
Exercise
1. Make a list of things which you lend to your neighbours and borrow
from them.
Goods borrowed from neighbours Goods lent to neighbours
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
................................................... ...................................................
2. Fill up the blanks below with the correct word(s):
(a) We should live …………….....…….. with our neighbours. (In
harmony/in discord)
(b) We should …………......... our neighbours at important occasions
like marriage, birthday, success party and so on. (Invite/Neglect)
(c) It is more important to extend our …………….. to our neighbours
16 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
in the events of sorrows than the happiness. (Support/Boycott)
(d) Real neighbours are identified by their …………………. (Real
helpful behaviors/ money and big house they have)
(e) Good neighbours give ………………… to our life. (Security/
Insecurity)
3. Tick(√) a correct statement and cross (X) a false one.
(a) We must borrow things that we do not have.
(b) Things borrowed must be returned after they serve
our purpose.
(c) We must stand by our neighbours in time of their need.
(d) Do not respond when your neighbours greet you.
5. Answer the following questions.
(a) You have seen your parents/guardians behaving with your
neighbours. Write down your behaviors with neighbours.
(b) Name your neighbours who you admire. Highlight the qualities
which you admire in them.
(c) What are the ways to resolve differences with your neighbours?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
17<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
UNIT
2
Our Traditions Social Values
and Beliefs
Lesson 1: Respect to Elders
Lesson 2: Our Language and Dress
Lesson 3: Our Culture and Festivals
Lesson 4: Importance of a Birthplace
Lesson 5: My Residential Place -- How Beautiful!
Lesson 6: All Greats and Kind Hearts of My District
18 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 1 Respect to Elders
We know very well how important it is to have responsible elders in our
family and neighbourhood. No child will grow up with good values in
absence of protective elders. Our elders spend their time, energy and
money to keep us safe and secured. They guide us at different stages of
life in childhood, adolescence and even when we become adults. Their
wisdom, experience and talent are real wealth to us.
My name is Rana Bahadur
BK. I am the student of
Grade Four. I live in a joint
family. My grandparents,
parents and uncles live
together in a village.
My father has two elder
brothers and one younger
sister. All of them are senior
to me. They are my elders
and guardians. I respect
them for their guidance and Son is serving water to father.
care shown towards me. I
share my views and ideas openly with them. Here is one such incident that
happened with my elder uncle whom I call Kaka.
Kaka: Rana! Where are you? Please, come here to me.
Rana: Yes, Kaka! I am doing my home assignment right now. Today is
Saturday and school is closed. What is the matter?
Kaka: Nothing big, I am just feeling hungry. Please convey this to my
daughter to get food for me.
Rana: Okay Kaka, I will do as you wish. After that I do not want any
disturbance for next two hours as I am busy with ny study.
Kaka: Okay…..My boy…I will not disturb you for next two hours.
[After two hours, Rana's elder uncle again looks for him.]
Kaka: Rana, can you bring a glass of water for me? 19
<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Rana: Okay Kaka…I will be just there in 5 minutes with water.
[Kaka drinks water and then begins to search something …………….]
Kaka: I am searching a packet of cigarettes and tobacco. Do you know
where I have left them?
Rana: Kaka, I wanted to tell you something about this for long. But, today is
the right day. I have thrown them away because my teachers have told me
these things are harmful for human health. Even my books have mentioned
about the injurious effects of cigarettes and tobacco on our body and mind.
More so, all of us have been smoking passively because of you. Other
younger children of our family also get tempted to use them by seeing you
smoking. You have to quit smoking cigarettes and chewing tobacco.
Kaka: Rana, you are right. I made mistakes in the past and I do not want
young generation to follow in my footsteps. I have already decided to quit
smoking and stop chewing tobacco. My lungs are already infected and I
have lost my stamina. My jaws and teeth are damaged due to this addiction.
Rana: Kaka, I advise you to join yoga and Pranayam (breathing exercise)
sessions conducted by my Principal Swami Antar Prakash both in morning
as well as evening. He gives important tips to develop will power and
determination in order to transform one's life.
Kaka: You are a great son. I am proud of you. Thank you very much for
your help.
Rana: Oh, Kaka…please! Do not speak like this. You have sacrificed your
time and energy to keep me safe and secured. You are such a laborious
farmer and honest human being. I consider myself lucky to have you as
my guardian who understands the thing with open mind and loving heart.
Teaching Guideline
Guide the students to be respectful to elders but it does not mean that children should be
exploited knowingly or unknowingly in any manner by the irresponsible adults.
Words and terms you would like to know
Convey: to communicate or express something
Addiction: a state of physiological or psychological dependence on a potentially harmful drug
Scold: speak harshly; to rebuke somebody angrrily
Rash: thoughtless behaviour
20 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Exercise
1. Explain the activities which you see in following two pictures.
A B
A. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
B. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. The present lesson has been written in a format of a dialogue between
a growing up boy and his guardian uncle. Stage a play based on this
dialogue in the classroom under the direction of your teacher.
3. Who are your special guardians whom you respect a lot? Name them
and mention your relationship with them.
21<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
4. Two sets of options have been given in the following story. Read
the story and rewrite it the way you think it should be written by
choosing the correct options.
Reema's parents planned to go outside for some work. Reema and
her younger brother Ramesh planned to stay back at home. Reema's
mother instructed her to behave responsibly in their absence. It was
Saturday and guests were expected to come. Mother warned Reema
to (be vigilant while staying home/be carefree and roam outside aimlessly).
She further added, "Do not fight with younger brother and devote
your time to complete home assignment". Instructions continued,
"(Feed/ do not feed) your younger brother in case he feels hungry,
(Allow/do not allow) any guest to come in and stay in the house for
long". Reema responded, " I shall (allow/not allow) anyone to come
inside". Reema continued, "I shall note down their names and ask the
purpose of their visit. I will ask them (to come again/ not to come/ leave)
the phone number". Reema's father encouraged her, "Yes, this is the
way". He further added, "if Ramesh insists on playing games, then
send him (outside/keep him inside) the house." Reema nodded her head
in total acceptance and assured her father about safety and security
of the house".
5. Answer the following questions.
(a) Who are elders? Why are they important to our life?
(b) What are the ways to get rid of abusive elders.
c) What are the ways to respect our elders?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
22 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 2 Our Language and Dress
Nepal is a country of diversity. The cultural diversity is visible across
the country. Different languages and dress codes of different ethnic
communities enrich the culture of Nepal. Nepal is also rich in folk music,
dance, art, folklores, festivals, foods, literature amongst others. At least 123
languages are spoken in Nepal. The major languages spoken as mother
tongue are Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Nepal Bhasa
(Newari), Magar, Bajjika, Limbu and others. Nepali is our official language
which is written in Devnagari script.
Each ethnic group in Nepal has their own traditional dress. Though Newars
wear a variety of clothes with different styles, they prefer combinations of
black and red colours. For example, the Hakku – Potashi is a black sari with
red (or green) borders. Normally, a white Patuka is wrapped around the
waist and a cotton shawl is placed over the blouse. Men from hills of Nepal
love to wear Daura-Suruwal and Dhaka Topi. Daura is a double-breast shirt
and Suruwal is a tight trouser. Daura-Suruwal is generally worn with vest
and Dhaka Topi. Madhesi community in Nepal prefers to wear Dhoti-Kurta
as their ethnic dress while women generally prefer to wear Sari.
Hakku – Potashi Daura-Suruwal Dhoti-Kurta Sari-Blouse
Limbu women love to wear a lot of ornaments. They wear Samyanfung
on the head. Samyanfung is the flat circular gold plate with coral stone
embellished on it. They wear nose ornament on both right and left sides.
Big round earrings and necklace with gold and stone beads are favorites of
Limbu women. Sherpas wear Tibetan style clothes. They wear traditional
dress called Chhuba. Men wear Chhuba till the knee length along with a
23<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
jacket or shirt having a stiff high colour and long sleeves. Women wear a
sleeveless Chhuba known as Engi or a sleeved one called Tongok. Sherpas
like to wear Hat. Men from Magar and Gurung communities are seen
wearing Kachhad with a short vest and a Dhaka Topi. Kachhad is a wrap-on-
knee-length loincloth. Women from Magar and Gurung communities wear
Sari with Patuka wrapped around their waist and a loose blouse.
\
Men and Women from Magar community in their traditional dress.
Tharu men wear a simple dress -- a vest to cover bare body above the waist
and a loincloth in a style of ‘Lungi’ below the waist. Tharu women love
bright colours and a lot of decorations on their clothes. Several decorative
items like small glasses, coins, and pompons are attached in a pattern on
their blouses. Pompons are small round flowers. Tharu women wrap the
sari around the waist to look like a skirt.
These are few examples mentioning a brief detail of ethnic dresses of Nepal.
Teaching Guideline
Guide the students to accept and respect other’s culture and not to make fun of them in name
of dress, look, language or any such things. This is the time, students imbibe the reality of
multiculturalism being displayed around them.
24 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Words and terms you would like to know
Decoration: ornamentation, attractive item Embellish: beautify something
Stiff: rigid, hard to move Sleeve: covering for arm
Exercise
1. As per the directions given by your teacher, get divided into four
groups. Get on to your activity as instructed for each group.
Group Task to perform
(A) Draw pictures of ethnic dresses worn by your own ethnic
community
(B) Draw pictures of ornaments used by your ethnic community
(C) Pick up a popular sentence often spoken by the people of
your community and get it translated into various languages
spoken in Nepal.
(D) Different communities in Nepal use different set of words
to greet others. Collect those words used for greetings
others for practising them. Do not forget to practice with
correct gestures and emotions as exactly done in that ethnic
community.
2. Sharmili Lama conducted a survey in her own community regarding
languages spoken and traditional dresses worn by them:
S.No. Ethnicity Language Traditional Dress
1. Limbu Limbu Sheerbadi, Chaubandi Lungi
2. Tamang Tamang Domau, Naugedi, Chaubandi
3. Newar Nepal Bhasa Haku Patasi
4. Rai Aathpariya Rai Mekhli, Chhitko Gunyo
Just like Sharmila Lama, prepare a table like the above one and
conduct a survey in your community to collect the data on languages
spoken and dresses worn by them.
3. The present lesson has given a clear message of fair treatment to all
without discrimination in private and public places on the basis of
caste, creed, ethnicity, religion, place of birth or language. Discuss
all the aspects of cultural diversity in the Nepalese society with your
classmates and write down the conclusions in points.
25<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
4. Collect the photographs which display diversity of ethnic dresses
and ornaments worn by different communities across the the
country. Make an album and show to your teacher. For your help,
few examples have been given here.
(A.) ....................... (B. )....................... (C.) ...........................
(D.) ........................... (E.) ....................... (F.) ...........................
5. Name the traditional dresses and ornaments worn by your family
members.
Family members Dress worn Ornaments used
Hajur Buwa ................................ ................................
Hajur Ama ................................ ................................
Baba ................................ ................................
Ama ................................ ................................
Kaka ................................ ................................
Didi ................................ ................................
Dai ................................ ................................
26 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 3 Our Culture and Festivals
Sonam Gurung is the student of Grade Four. He underwent a Chhewar
ceremony. Today is a community feast after performing a Chhewar ritual.
All of his friends are attending a community feast along with Sonam’s
family members and her neighbours. Chhewar is a ritual of tonsuring
head of a growing up boy in presence of Hindu priest. One of his friends
Mukti Pradhan gets curious to know about this ceremony. Sunil Yadav, a
friend of Sonam's father explains, “Yesterday Sonam was taken to a Goth
(a mud-walled hut) as per the social sanction. A priest presides over the
tonsuring ceremony. A great care is observed while removing hair from
head as no hair should fall on the ground. Therefore, hair from Sonam’s
head were kept in a Tapari (a bowl made up of dry leaves or paper). Folk
dance and music went on throughout the night. Sonam was flooded with
gifts of all kinds from his relatives and family members. Sonam is clothed
with a new dress gifted by his Mama (maternal uncle).” Ramesh (Sonam's
elder mother) adds further, there are many communities who perform
Chhewar. Prominent among them are Bahuns, Chhetris, Tharu, Sherpa and
others. Brahmins conduct a ceremony of Bratabandha only after Chhewar is
performed.”
Sonam’s father joins the discussion and explains, “Human life from birth
to death goes through several rituals (called Samskaras) in accordance
with one’s own religion and culture. Childhood, adolescence, adulthood
and old age are different stages of human life and at every stage there are
some or the other rituals to perform. These rituals are actually important
impressions which mould us emotionally and important lessons of life.
Hindus particularly Brahmins and Chhetris in Nepal conduct a ceremony
of Bratabandha. It is actually an initiation of a boy (or a man) by investing
a sacred thread to live a life with higher values. A sacred thread stands
for commitment to live the life with discipline, wisdom and knowledge
(particularly spiritual knowledge). The "sacred thread" in Sanskrit is called
Yajñopavītam (o1fk] ljtd)\ or Upavīta. Generally, boys between 8 and 12 undergo
a ceremony of Bratabandha in which they are made to wear a sacred thread
– a thin cotton consecrated cord. It is popularly called “janai.” By the time
Sonam’s father finishes his explanation, Sonam arrives there to take all his
friends for taking meal in the feast.
27<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Durga Kapadi, another classmate, shared her own experience of Gaura
festival. Her Mamaghar in Baitadi district celebrates Gaura festival. Women
wear Sari and visit temples to worship goddess Gauri. Women keep fast
and tie ‘dubo bracelets’. The ‘dubo bracelet’ is as important for females as Janai
for males. Gaura is also a festival of family unity in which the migrants
return home for celebrating it together. The centuries-old Gaura festival
gives an occasion to unite people of all strata. It is a great symbol of
‘unity in diversity’. The Deuda dance follows interesting patterns of body
movement. All the participants stand in a circle, hold each other’s hands
and then match their steps on the beats of traditional music. Deuda is usually
accompanied by a song referring to gods, goddesses and mythical figures.
Mangal-gaan is sung during this process. Special food items are cooked to
feed family members, relatives and other guests.
Ratna Rana remembers how her father celebrates Kushe Aunsi (Father’s
Day) and Mata Tirtha Ausi (Mother’s Day). Father’s day in Nepal is also
recognized as “Babu ko Mukh Herne Din” and mother’s day is understood
as “Aama ko Mukh Herne Din” (the literal meaning is “to see Mother’s
face”). People pay homage to their fathers and mothers presenting them
favorite food, clothing and various gifts in recognition of their sacrifice
made to nurture us. Kushe Ausi and Mata Tirtha Aunsi are celebrated by
many communities across the nation to pay respects to both father and
mother. Hindus bring Kush, a holy grass, to their houses on the occasion
of Kushe Aunsi. There is a religious belief that keeping Kush in a house
brings wellbeing to family members. Kushe Aunse (Babu ko Mukh Herne
Din) is celebrated on Bhadra Krishna Ausi while Mata Tirtha Ausi (Aama ko
Mukh Herne Din) is celebrated on Baisakh Krishna Aunsi according to Hindu
tradition. Those who have lost their mother go to Matatirtha located in
Kathmandu for paying homage and give away kinds and cash in charity.
Similarly people who have lost their father visit Gokarna of Kathmandu,
Betrawati of Rasuwa and Bishnu Paduka of Dharan to perform prayer and
do charity. Ratna celebrates both the festivals to pay tribute to her parents.
Another festival called Siruwa is celebrated with great enthusiasm in Saptari,
Siraha, Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa districts. The festival is celebrated for
three days starting from the day of New Year (Baishakh 1) by worshiping
the village deities. People throw water, colour and dry Abir on each other.
They offer sweets to each other and share delicious foods together. The
28 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
festival is helpful in creating cordial relations among the family members
and neighbours.
Teaching Guideline
Teach the students to respect their own culture and at the same time they must be tolerant
of others culture, custom and rituals. If customs and rituals are harmful for mind, body and
society then such customs and rituals must be rejected.
Words and terms you would like to know
Ceremony: ritual for formal occasion
Tonsure: shaving of head
Undergo: go through experience
Prominent: well-known, eminent, noticeable
Adolescence: intermediate stage of development before adulthood
Fervor: extremely passionate enthusiasm
Exercise
1. Read the experiences shared by Babuchhiri Sherpa and Rajni
Choudhary about their festival.
Babuchhiri Sherpa
Our community celebrates Manirimdu festival. Lamas participate
in dancing by wearing different masks representing their deities.
Lama’s dance is a way to invoke blessings for peace, prosperity and
happiness of devotees. Sweets are distributed among visitors and
delicious foods are cooked to organize feast.
Rajani Choudhary
Our community celebrates Badaka-Aaitwar (Big Sunday) on last
Sunday of Bhadra. Friends and relatives are invited to eat sweets and
participate in community feast.
As Babuchhiri and Rajani have shared their own festival, describe
about festivals and rituals you perform. For more details consult
your parents or any elder in a family.
2. Go for self-research or take help from your guardians and teachers
to write details in brief about the following festivals celebrated in
Nepal:
Bibaha Panchami, Biswakarma Puja, Chhata Puja, Buddha Jayanti,
Ghode Jatra, Holi, Indra Jatra, Krishna Janmasthami, Maghe Sankranti,
Nepali New Year, Guru Parva, Mahabir Jayanti, Ramadan, Christmas
29<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
3. Choose any four classmates and ask them about the festivals they
celebrate and the rituals they perform. Compare these festivals and
customs with your own. What similarities and dissimilarities you
find between them?
4. Look at the calendar and find out what festivals are waiting for us to
celebrate:
Month Festivals waiting
----------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------- ------------------------------------------
----------------- ------------------------------------------
5. Differentiate between:
(a) Kushe Aunsi and Mata Tirtha Aunsi
(b) Chhewar and Bratabandha
(c) Gaura and Siruwa
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
30 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 4 Importance of a Birthplace
A birthplace is a place of one’s own birth or origin. It is a place where
forefathers had resided and lived through generations. The attachment
with one's own birthplace is natural. There is a famous Sanskrit shloka in
an ancient Hindu epic Ramayana considering one’s own birthplace greater
than even a heaven. Heaven here means the most attractive geographical
or physical place to live in.
hggL hGde"ldZr :juf{blk u/Lo;L
This verse is the national motto of Nepal. This verse was uttered by Lord
Rama when both the brothers, Rama and Lakshaman were staying in the
Golden Lanka at the invitation of Bibhisan, a devotee of Lord Rama after
killing Ravana (a king of demons who had built Lanka). Lakshman was
struck to see the beauty of Lanka built by Ravana. Beautiful gardens and
magnificent palaces of gold were the special attractions there. Lord Rama
instantly saw how Lakshman was fully taken by the material beauty of
Lanka. "Don't you miss your birthplace Ayodha as I do", Lord Ram spoke
to Lakshman to bring him back to his senses, "I am missing Ayodhya so
much now", Ram said. At this moment, he spoke this shloka (verse), “clk
:j0f{doL nªs\ f gdf] nId0f :j]t] hggL hGdel" dZr :juf{blk u/Lo;L”. Such is the glory
for a birthplace (Janmabhumi) that it is often considered as Punyabhoomi
and Karmabhoomi. Lord Rama continued, “Dear Lakshman, Lanka may be
very beautiful but how can it be dearer to you than your motherland where
31<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
you have taken birth and grown up with your family and friends. Your
birthplace is your motherland (Matribhumi or Janmabhuma) where our
ancestors have lived and spilled blood to defend it. Understand this truth
and come back to your senses”.
Birthplace gives us identity, security and community to live with. Isn’t it
enough to stand united to develop our birthplace? Definitely, it does.
Teaching Guideline
Conduct the activities by which students are able to identify problems and challenges being
faced by their birthplace. Encourage then to make contributions towards the development and
betterment of one’s own birthplace (motherland). Motivate students to know more about their
birthplace from their parents/guardians.
Words and terms you would like to know Forefather: ancestor
Remote: far away
Further: in addition to what has been said
Magnificent: very beautiful or impressive
Genuine: sincere and honest
Exercise
1. Make a list of things which you like the most about your birthplace.
2. There is nothing more beautiful and dearer than one’s own birthplace.
Write a letter to your friend highlighting the importance of birthplace
with a variety of examples.
3. Compose a poem or a song or a story highlighting the glory of your
birthplace.
4. You have read about an incident where both Rama and Lakshaman
visited Lanka after defeating the king of demons Ravana. A dialogue
between both of them has been written here in the lesson. Who do
you like Rama or Lakshama? Give reasons for your preference.
5. There are selected words being given here in a box below. Choose a
correct one and fill up the blanks:
Buddha, Sagarmatha, culture, Birthplace, Gurans and Sunakhari,
Beautiful
Nepal is a land of natural beauty and this is my.................... This is
the land of........................ He discovered the power of non-violence in
spiritual growth. The highest mountain peak of the world ................
is located in the eastern Nepal. Nepal is a multi-ethnic country and
therefore a variety of ........................ coexist here. Nepal is rich in flora
32 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
and fauna. Beautiful flowers like ............... and.............. are found in
Nepal. Nepal is really a .................... country and I am proud of my
country.
6. Prepare a speech on the saying, My birthplace or motherland is far
more beautiful than even a heaven” (hggL hGdel" dZr :jufb{ lk u/Lo;L) and
share it in your classroom.
7. Look at the following two maps. Write a paragraph on your
motherland Nepal.
AB
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
33<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Lesson 5 My Residential Place-
How Beautiful!
My name is Rabindra Sunuwar and I live in a village. How beautiful is
my village! Himalayan mountains overlook my village in the north. These
mountain peaks stand like the wise men wearing white clothes under the
blue sky. Snow covered peaks reflect the sun rays around as if diamonds
are reflecting the sparkling light. Cone-shaped trees around my village
stand watchful and wave gently when winds cross over them. It is the
coniferous forest, all green with supple branches. These trees hold the snow
for a while and then slide them down. Winds blowing through the forest
bring pure fragrance of green vegetation. Streams and brooks crisscross
this Himalayan region like ladders and snakes. Flowers of Gurans envelop
the surroundings of my village with a saffron cover energizing all.
My village, my residential place -- How beautiful!
Villagers love to live in the ambience surrounded natural resources. They
get water from streams for drinking and irrigating their land. Forest
gives them rare medicinal herbs which they use themselves and also sell
them in the market. Some of them have created industry to process these
herbs. Dry leaves and twigs collected from the forest are used as Daura to
burn them for cooking food. Recently, mines have been discovered in the
Himalayan ranges near to my village. This has given rise to possibility to
34 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
extract minerals and set up industries. Boulders and stones are already
being used to make cement. At the end, my village has everything to live
with peace, prosperity and happiness.
My town, my residential place -- How beautiful!
My name is Mahendra Paswan. I live in a town. My town has all the
modern facilities such as schools, colleges, hospitals, nursing homes,
shopping complex, play grounds, children parks and so on. My town has
better communication and transportation facilities. Smart phones are now
common. Internet connections are easily available. Roads are not narrow
and congested any more. Airport service is also present. Highways cross
through the outskirts of my town. Housing colonies take care of maintaining
cleanliness and disposing waste. Strangers and outsiders are tracked by
the local police to check the incidents of crime in residential colonies. My
town has food processing industries, factories for manufacturing products
and service centers to train young and old in various skills. For examples,
herbs are converted into medicines, fruits and vegetables are converted into
pickles, canned juice to keep them fresh for future sale. Various religious
and historical sites remind us of our rich heritage and attract tourists.
Teaching Guideline
Ask the students to make a profile of their place of living – village or town with all the natural
and cultural resources present there. Also ask them to highlight some special features if their
village or town has. Do not forget to teach them how to preserve and protect the resources. Give
the message of social harmony and people’s participation in community life so that students
grow up to be cooperative and tolerant citizen of Nepal.
35<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Words and terms you would like to know
Coniferous: relating to trees having cone shaped (needle-like) leaves and are evergreen such as
Pines, firs, junipers, larches, spruces, and yews
Saffron: bright orange-yellow colour
Extraction: taking out of something
Outskirt: the areas at the edge of a town or city, farthest from the center
Convert: to change something from one character to another
Exercise
1. Draw a hand sketch of a village or town where you live. Mark all the
important landmarks using relevant symbols.
2. Describe how your village (or town) look like, what resources it has
and how do people live on these resources.
3. Make a table and write about all types of resources such as natural,
historical, religious and economic ones available in a village (or
town) you live in. Follow an example as given below.
Natural Resources Historical/Religious Economic Resources
Phewa Lake Bindhyawasini Temple Tourism Business
4. Tick ( √ ) if a statement is right and cross ( X ) in case it is wrong.
(A) We should feel proud of our own birthplace and should work for
its development.
(B) Our personal development is dependent upon the development of
our village or the place where we live in.
(C) We must live carefree life without bothering about protection and
preservation of natural resources in our surroundings.
(D) Wastes should be disposed in nearby ponds or rivers.
(E) We must not vandalise or destroy sites or buildings of religious
and cultural importance.
5. Make a plan how to keep the surroundings of your residential place
and school all clean. Discuss this plan with your family members and
execute the plan by inviting neighbours. Make a note of contributions
made by every member who worked with you in order to execute
your plan.
36 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 6 All Greats and Kind Hearts
of My District
My name is Sandeep Pant. I am the student of Grade Four. Today I want
to highlight a few personalities who have made us proud. Shanti Bhushan
Pathak is the renowned poet of my district. His poems are very popular
among the people. He writes songs and poems on patriotism, glory of
birthplace, girls’ education and dignity of women. His compositions
are broadcasted on radio and choreographed to stage a dance drama on
different occasions.
Ganga Devi is training the women to maintain cleanliness in daily life.
Ganga Devi is a community health worker. She spreads awareness amongst
the common men and women regarding health, hygiene and cleanliness.
She organizes workshop and demonstrates hygiene techniques to villagers.
She also gives tips to wormn on nurturing the child. Prem Shankar Jha is
a well-known teacher of my district. He has a long 20 years of experience
in teaching Social Studies at secondary level. He is also a volunteer and
advocates for the compulsory education for all. He travels through villages
to find out children who are school dropouts. He also motivates their parents
to understand importance of education. Thanks to his efforts, “children
welfare fund” has been set up to look after the needs of education of poor
37<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
children. Sincere residents of my district make contributions to this fund.
He conducts free coaching classes for poor children and has motivated
other teachers to join him.
Sonam Sherpa is a social worker. She has contributed in areas of building
schools, libraries, hospices and health posts among others. She has a team
of workers who help her in bringing positive social change. She visits
each and every village of my district to evaluate the social and economic
conditions of people. She speaks against Daijo (dowry), Bokshi (witchcraft),
untouchability and slavery. All the villages in my district have been able to
get the facilities of drinking water because of her efforts. Shashi Bhushan
Mahato is an expert in resolving conflicts between the individuals (or
between the groups). His skills in solving the disputes between individuals
and groups have brought peace in the district. People approach him
whenever any dispute or conflict surfaces in my district.
Teaching Guideline
Find out more people who are kind hearts and working for the development of entire district
in economic, social, and cultural fields.
Words and terms you would like to know
Slavery: the practice of, or a system based on, using the enforced labor of other people
Demonstrate: to explain or describe how something works or how to do something
Exercise
1. Make a list of those who have contributed towards improving the life
of people in your district. Also mention their specific contributions.
2. Write the names of your guardians, neighbours and other people
from your district attached with different fields of work. Highlight
their specific contribution in their related field.
Field of work Individuals Specific Contribution
Education .............................. ..............................................
Art .............................. ..............................................
Social Service .............................. ..............................................
Literature .............................. ..............................................
38 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
3. What kinds of questions would you ask in case you meet a famous
person of your district? Write some model questions.
For examples:
(a) How involved do you get in the work you do?
(b) ....................................................................................................................
(c) ....................................................................................................................
(d) ....................................................................................................................
(e) ....................................................................................................................
(f) ....................................................................................................................
4. Are you inspired by the famous people of your district? Write what
qualities of theirs would you like to develop in your personality?
What contributions would you make to your district.
5. Observe the details of the following sketch. Write a paragraph on it
in 100 words.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................<.<..N..o.v.a..S.o.c.ia.l.S.t.u.d.i.e.s.A..n.d..C.r.e.a.ti.v.e.A..r.ts..G.r.a.d.e.-.4.....3..9...
UNIT
3
Social Problems and
Their Solutions
Untouchability
Drug addiction Animal sacrifice
Lesson 1: Be Helpful and Cooperative
Lesson 2: Resist Addiction and Harmful Behaviors
Lesson 3: Social Evils
Lesson 4: Ways to End Disputes
Lesson 5: Ways to remove Social Evils
Lesson 6: Functions of Other Institutions and Organizations
Lesson 7: A Visit to a Local Social Organization
40 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Lesson 1 Be Helpful and Cooperative
February 28, 2018
Dear Saloni,
All the good wishes to you;
Human beings live in a society. A society is a group of people who are
engaged in one or the other kind of social interaction. Such social interaction
relates to economic, cultural, political and other fields. The interaction of
individuals with each other gives birth to a group that shapes up as a society.
Individual development of a person depends upon the development of
our society and vice-versa. There are people amongst us who suffer with a
number of problems. Some of them are under the grips of social evils. They
must be helped and protected by all of us as members of society.
Helping others in need creates a progresive society.
Ramsewak Yadav, 58-year-old school teacher lives in Paroha Village
Council in Rautahat district. A monsoon flood struck his village in
August, 2017. Flood has killed his wife, a son, two daughters-in-law and
two grandchildren. He is just left with five year old granddaughter Sanju
who continues to wait for her grandmother, parents and uncle. She does
not know what has actually happened to them. She thinks that they have
gone somewhere and will return anytime soon. All the villagers stand by
Ramsewak Yadav in such a difficult time. This is the example in which you
see how entire society stands up and shares his grief. Kindhearted women
living in his neighbourhood have taken custody of his granddaughter to
take good care of her.
41<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
Ramsewak Yadav with his granddaughter Sanju.
A landslide at Ghumtang Bimbu in Barhabise Municipality of Sindhupalchok
district on August 17, 2017 displaced five families. The entire village was
at risk. Badi Thami, a villager, took shelter in a neighbour’s shed. His
neighbour extended his helping hands to Badi Thami and his family
members. Nepal is often struck by natural disasters like flood, earthquake
and landslides. All the sincere members of society come forward to help
the victims of a disaster. When the Hilly region of Nepal was devastated
by an earthquake of April, 2015, the people of Tarai (southern plain) came
forward to help the victims with cash and kind. Similarly, the people of
Hills support their friends in Tarai in a disaster like flood. Human society
will not progress without mutual help and cooperation especially in times
of needs.
Government and other non-government organizations function as part of
society. These organizations work for the welfare of society. They work
to empower and support vulnerable women, poor children, unemployed
youth, and marginalized castes and others in a society. For example,
Red Cross society distributes all the essential goods (items) such as rice,
flour, pulses, clothes, utensils, tarpaulin sheet and others. Our school also
organizes charity program in which students are asked to donate clothes,
money, food, books, notebooks and other such things to help the victims of
flood, earthquake and landslides. The feeling of empathy for the weak and
marginalized helps in making progressive society. We must be cooperative
towards each other. Nobody knows you and I can be the next victims of
any unfortunate event in life. And other members of society come forward
to rescue us.
This is all for today. Take care of your health and study.
Your dear friend,
Suneeti Tamrakar
Teaching Guideline
42 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
Let the students know how members of our society help the weak. Give them various examples
to highlight the cases of help, cooperation and understanding among the members of society.
Words and terms you would like to know
Interaction: communication between or joint activity involving two or more people
Progressive: advocating social, economic, or political reform
Empower: to give somebody a greater sense of confidence or self-esteem
Sustain: to keep somebody going with emotional or moral support
Exercise
1. Have you ever helped anybody who was trapped in difficulty or
some kind of emergency or a disaster? Write down the details.
2. Give reasons why all of us must stand up for those who are victims
of disaster.
3. Write a letter to your friend requesting him to help the people who
are in difficulty.
4. Write down how you would help if you come across the helpless
friend in your classroom.
5. Write the name of an organization which has been actively involved
in helping your community. Also mention the details of its work.
6. What thoughts do come to your mind if you see the following two
pictures? Write in at least 5 lines.
A B
A. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
43<< Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
B. ....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
7. Collect pictures, news and views regarding disasters, social evils
and other such things which trap people in difficult situations of
life. Also collect the news and pictures of those who are helping the
victims. Arrange them properly with a title and caption. Paste or clip
them on a notebook to look like an album or a magazine. Show it
to your teachers and read some of your collections in front of your
classmates.
8. Stage a drama to show how will you rescue and help your friends
who are trapped in disaster like earthquake, landslide and flood.
Take help from your teachers and guardians to collect relevant
information on how to rescue trapped victims. Also learn how to help
them with basic medical aids, food and shelter. You can go for self-
research on internet and read the books in a library to know more.
Read the scripts you have prepared in the classroom before staging a
drama.
44 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-4 >>
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