ISTANA BALAI BESAR - GAPURA

s GAPURA
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a ISTANABALAIBESAR,KOTABHARUKELANTAN
SEMESTERFEBRUARY2021
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3 https://gapuraibb.wixsite.com/istanabalaibesar [email protected]
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GAPURA MEASURED DRAWING TEAM

SEMESTER FEBUARY 2021

MEASURED DRAWING TEAM

SEMESTER FEBUARY 2021

ISTANA BALAI
BESAR

ABOUT

Istana Balai Besar has been the residence of the rulers of Kelantan since the 19th century. Now it was officially turned into the Office of the Sultan of Kelantan. Istana
Balai Besar is famous for having a large front hall, a throne, and a collection of royal instruments of the King of Kelantan. Istana Balai Besar was built by Sultan Muhammad II
to replace his palace on Saba Island which was destroyed due to floods and riverbank erosion. After the Istana Balai Besar was completed, the people called it “Kota Bharu” in
conjunction with “Istana or a new city that was completed”. Over time, this name became a household name and became the official name for the State Capital of Kelantan, Kota
Bharu. Istana Balai Besar also symbolizes the sovereignty of the institution of the King of Kelantan which is magnificent in the heart of the state capital of Kelantan.

HISTORY

Istana Balai Besar was built with 175 000 square foot around the year 1844 (1261 Hijri) by the late Sultan Muhammad II to replace Istana Kota Lama, the previous central
government building of Kelantan that was located in Gunung. At that time, Istana Kota Lama is located by the riverside that frequently collapsed due to the seasonal floods. This
factor drove the decision made by Sultan Muhammad II to erect a new palace. The second factor that caused the relocation was that Sultan Muhammad II needed a sturdier fort as
there was an ongoing war between him and Long Jenal, his biological royal uncle.
The location of the palace is picked based on its accessibility at the time as it was neither too far nor too near from the river of Kelantan where traders used to do their
business and also due to the belief that the nearby Calumpang tree was magical. The Malay community at the time believed that when a Calumpang tree produces flowers, it will
prevent flooding to the surrounding area.
The process of building Istana Balai Besar started with building a community in the surrounding area. The palace is then built after the community has been established.
A big part of the woods used to build the palace was taken from the Malay folk through Tok Nebeng (Village Head) and Tok Kweng (Penggawa) from the district of Pasir Putih and
Ulu Kelantan. Despite the constraint of insufficient tools at the time, the work of erecting the Palace was still completed within a year.
After Istana Balai Besar was completed, Sultan Mohammad II moved to live in the palace, thus, the creation of the city Kota Bharu, which is translated to New City. A confusion
arose between the name of the palace of Kota Bharu and the name of the capital city of Kelantan itself, the palace is renamed Istana Balai Besar as a big part of the palace is used
to be served as the Balai Penghadapan

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

KEY PLAN SITE PLAN

LOCATION PLAN

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CULTURAL INFLUENCES IN CONSTRUCTION
The original way the Istana Balai Besar
was built was influenced by the constructions PINTU GERBANG ANAK LOCATED at BOTH RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE OF PINTU Pintu pong located at the rear of istana balai besar
of the malay, Thai, Cambodian and Sumatran GERBANG BESAR OF KOTA DALAM WAS INFLUENCED BY THE ISLAMIC ARCHI- was influenced from the java. it was decoreated with
ways. At the time the castle was erected, the TECTURE. THIS GATE WAS DECORATED WITH FLOWER carving motifs and carving motif that was inspired by the java princess
community was still strongly influenced by the
religion of Hinduism Indirectly, it affected the verse from quran. crown.
design and construction concepts. however as
the time flies by and islam influences become
stronger some of the original decoration that
was resamble human and animal form was
changed into flowers and leaves form due to
the prohibition of islam religion. however some
of the motifs can can still able to be modified
to make less forming human and animal forms
was maintained. some of THESE INFLUENCES CAN BE
OBVIOUSLY SEEN until these days IN THE BUILDING
ESPECIALLY FROM THE PINTU GERBANG KOTA OF ISTANA
BALAI BESAR.

comparison between pintu gerbang kota of istana balai besar, kota bharu during 1907 and pintu besar of kota raja jambu, pattani thailand durng 1900 is a prove that istana
balai besar was influenced by the siamese.

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

CHRONOLOGICAL MODIFICATION

floor plan during the era of sultan muhammad ii until sultan ismail

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first floor plan during the era of sultan muhammad v

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

second floor plan during the era of sultan muhammad v

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front view of istana balai besar (2021) front view of istana balai besar (n.d)

pintu gerbang besar of kota dalam (2021) pintu gerbang besar of kota dalam (1907)

side entrance of istana balai besar (2021) side entrance of istana balai besar (n.d)

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

PLANNING CONCEPT

Within the walls of Istana Balai Besar, there are three main factors that played a part in influencing different floor level based on the customs
the arrangement of space. It is divided into three categories:

• Customs
This can be seen in the position of the throne which is located at the highest floor
level while the citizens will have to sit on the lowest floor level when appealing to
the Sultan.

• movement comfort
the sultan’s room was built near to Balairung Seri in order of Sultan’s comfort
movement during occasions.

• Arrangement of Spaces according to its user (private and public spaces)
The spaces were built with different raise of levelling in order of differentiating it
with each category:
• Public Space

the public spaces included Balai Surung Hadapan, Balai Surung Tengah and Balai Bu-
jur that specified to place audiences that are invited to the occasions such as royal
coronation. This space was built in with lower levelling of floor.

• Semi Public Space

the spaces that were specified as semi public which is Balairung Seri and doctor’s
room. These spaces was built with higher levelling of floor compared to the public
spaces.

• Private Space

the space that was specifically for the private usage for the sultan is the throne and
Sultan’s Room while private spaces for workers included kitchen, kitchen storage,
audio room, souvenier room, and stores.

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PUBLIC SPACE :
Balai Surung Hadapan, Balai Surung Tengah and Balai Bujur

semi private space:
balairung seri

spaces were located based on the function to provide private space for sultan:
movement comfort for the user. sultan’s room and throne
private space for workers:
souvenier room, audio room,kitchen, kitchen storage and stores

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

3D PERSPECTIVES

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

ORNAMENTATION

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Ukiran BUNGA BAYAM PERAKSI E

Location : Walls (Dinding Janda Berhias)

Motif : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Style : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus

Other Names :-

Types of Flower : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern scan here to view full
ornamentations of istana
Principle Design : Asymmetrical
balai besar
Principle Form : Single Rectangular

Ukiran Bunga Kiambang Daun Sembung

Location : Walls (Dinding Janda Ria)

Motif : Bunga Kiambang

Style : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus

Other Names : Mengapung

Types of Flower : Bunga Kiambang and DauN Sembung

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : Symmetrical with 2-axis

Principle Form : Single Rectangular

Ukiran DAUN SEMBUNG : Walls (Dinding Janda Ria)
Location : Daun Sembung
Motif : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus
Style :-
Other Names : Daun Sembung
Types of Flower : Flower, Leaves
Floral Element : Combination
Composition Pattern : Symmetrical with 2-axis
Principle Design : Single Rectangular
Principle Form

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

Ukiran BUNGA CINA A : Walls (Dinding Janda Ria)
Location : Bunga Cina
Motif : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus
Style : Ukiran Bunga Kiambang
Other Names : Bunga Cina
Types of Flower : Flower, Leaves
Floral Element : Complete Pattern
Composition Pattern : Symmetrical with 2-axis
Principle Design : Single Rectangular
Principle Form

Ukiran AWAN LARAT DAUN DALA DANI

Location : Walls (Dinding Janda Ria)

Motif : Awan Larat

Style : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus

Other Names :-

Types of Flower : Daun Dala Dani

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : Asymmetrical

Principle Form : Single Rectangular

Ukiran BUNGA BAYAM PERAKSI C

Location : Walls (Dinding Janda Ria - outside)

Motif : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

SO ttyhleer : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus
Names : Ukiran Daun Sembung

Types of Flower : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : Symmetrical with 1-axis

Principle Form : Continuous Panels

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Ukiran BUNGA BAYAM PERAKSI D

Location : Walls (Dinding Janda Ria - outside)

Motif : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Style : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus

Other Names :-

Types of Flower : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : Symmetrical with 2-axis

Principle Form : Continuous Panels

Ukiran BUNGA BAYAM PERAKSI G

Location : Walls (Balairung Seri - void)

Motif : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

S Ottyhleer Nam es : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus
: Ukiran Daun Sembung

Types of Flower : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves, Tendrils

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : Symmetrical with 2-axis

Principle Form : Single Rectangular

Ukiran BUNGA KIAMBANG A

Location : Walls (Balairung Seri)

Motif : Bunga Kiambang

Style : Ukiran Bunga Timbul

Other Names : Mengapung

Types of Flower : Bunga Kiambang

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves, Fruit, Tendrils

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : Symmetrical with 2-axis

Principle Form : Singular Circle

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

Ukiran BUNGA BAYAM PERAKSI F

Location : Walls (Dinding Janda Berhias)

MOTIF : BUNGA BAYAM PERAKSI

Style : Ukiran Tebuk Tembus

Other Names : UKIRAN AWAN LARAT DAUN DALADANI

Types of Flower : Bunga Bayam Peraksi

Floral Element : Flower, Leaves

Composition Pattern : Complete Pattern

Principle Design : symmetrical WITH 2-AXIS

Principle Form : Single Rectangular

Ukiran DAUN DALA B : Throne
Location : Daun Dala
Motif : Ukiran Bunga Timbul
Style : Dalur/Mendala
Other Names : Daun Dala
Types of Flower : Leaves
Floral Element : Complete Pattern
Composition Pattern : ASymmetrical
Principle Design : Continuous
Principle Form

Ukiran BUNGA TANJUNG A : Throne
Location : Bunga Tanjung
Motif : Ukiran Bunga Timbul
Style : Baula
Other Names : Bunga Tanjung
Types of Flower : Leaves
Floral Element : Complete Pattern
Composition Pattern : Asymmetrical
Principle Design : Continuous
Principle Form

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MEASURED
DRAWING

TEAM

INTRODUCTION

SGA 2393 – Architecture Heritage Study I Measured Drawing mainly exposes us to the skill of producing measured drawing on heritage buildings, including the production
of detailed drawings following specific format and methods. These methods included measuring, recording, and documenting through drawings and written reports. This course
aims to provide insight to us into producing measured drawings of architectural heritage and exposing us to the importance of measured drawing to conservating old buildings.
The process of data documentation required us to visit the site in order of collecting all the details about Istana Balai Besar including the history of the site, site con-
text, building measurements, and building ornamentations. The overall process for data collecting at Istana Balai Besar took about 2 weeks. Since this building was the private
property of kebawah duli yang maha mulia sultan muhammad v, we have to ensure that all the data that was collected during the 2 weeks of the site visit was precise and enough.

OBJECTIVES

The main objectives of this course included:
• To provide exposure to the basic skill for producing a measured drawing.
• To provide technical skills and basic of measured drawing techniques and specifications.
• To provide exposure to the art of producing a high-quality measured drawing.

By the end of this course, we should be able to:
• Identify the basic skill of reporting heritage building conservation and producing measured drawings.
• Apply the technique and skill of the specification of the measured drawing in detail.
• Produce the art of high-quality measured drawings.

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

RESEARCH DOCUMENTATION PROCESS

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

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LECTURERS

Dr Siti Aisyah bt muhammad madam yasmin bt mohd faudzi ar azli b abdullah

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

DRAWING TEAM

The drawing team not only have to provide the whole team with a complete measured drawing with measurements but also presentation drawings as well as ornamentation
drawings.

AHMAD NIZAM AIMAN b mohd pauzi NORmaisarah bt mohd rosdi lok JIA ZHENG

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CHONG YEE SUEW CHIN CHEE PENG

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

CATALOGUE TEAM

The catalogue team had identified the locations of all existing ornamentations within the palace compound as well as its quantity. The names of all the ornamentations were
listed down and divided accordingly. Based on the list, the team had decided on different ways to record the ornaments. The ornamentations were obtained for documentation
either using rubbing or moulding method.

ANIES LIYANA bt zainol MUHAMMAD SHUKRI b zulkifli

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REPORT TEAM

The report team were in charge on gathering the information regarding the palace which includes its history, its owners, its functions, the ornamentations, its space usage and
also the changes made onto the palace in the name of preserving the traditional palace.

NUR ‘AINA NABIHAH bt mohd adli NURIN AINA AMALINA binti ibrahim

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

MULTIMEDIA TEAM

The media team is in charge of documenting every work process that is being done throughout the whole project by photos and video documentation. they also documenting all
the data that gather by preparing two different videos for the project. One video focuses on the palace itself, introducing and explaining Istana Balai Besar to the panels while
the other video focuses on showing the work process of each team members executing their job.

IHSAN bin abdul latif NURIZZATI bt bokhari

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MODEL TEAM

Initially, there were two separate model team, one being physical model team and another being 3D model team. Under the circumstance that no physical meet ups were allowed,
the physical model team were dispersed and relocated into the 3D model team. All team members were focused on creating 3D models up to the smallest details to make up for
the lack of physical models.

MUHAMMAD ARIB MUZAKKIR b mohd saleh HAZIM bin helman KO WEI YI

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

WORKING PROCESS - MEASURING

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN
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WORKING PROCESS - RUBBING

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ISTANA BALAI BESAR, KOTA BHARU KELANTAN

WORKING PROCESS - MOULDING

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WORKING PROCESS - INTERVIEW

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are students of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan under Faculty of Ar-
chitecture and Ekistics, under the course of Measured Drawing 2021, would like
to express our gratitude to God, for giving us a chance to undergo and finished
our course despite the limitations caused by COVID19 and for giving us god health
throughout the time period we had taken to complete the Measured Drawing of
Istana Balai Besar in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.

We would like to further relay our gratitude towards Dr Mohamed Safa-
ruddin Bin Ismail (Pegawai Protokol Pejabat Sultan Kelantan), the employees and
officials at Istana Balai Besar for providing and hosting us with outmost efforts
during our stay at Istana Balai Besar. Without your knowledge, guidance and help,
our experience and execution of measuring, documenting and obtaining informa-
tion on the palace would have been impossible. Needless to say, we also would like
to thank you for giving us a space within the palace itself to accommodate to our
work during our short stay as well as the friendly gestures you had given us.

We also would like to express our outmost thanks to our lecturers,
for spending their time with us in Istana Balai Besar, giving us informations and
guidance to be able to perform and do work more efficiently as well as effective-
ly. Without your supervision, we would have not been able to complete our work on
the given time and our work would have been incomplete or filled with inaccura-
cies. Your moral support and suggestions made it possible for us to come this far.

Lastly, we would like to thank our fellow members that had done their
part in the Measured Drawing 2021 despite the continuous struggle and unexpect-
ed barriers from COVID19 which had restrained our capability to physically meet
up and discuss about the drawings. We also would like to thank those who had to
travel interstate to complete the work within Kelantan. Last but not least, we
would like to express our gratitude to everyone who had given us cooperation and
has been associated with Measured Drawing 2021 but whose name and position was
not mentioned within the acknowledgement.

wITH SINCERE REGARD,

gapura measured drawing team 2021