awam

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PETUA TANGAN KIRI FLEMING (FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE)

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ARUS TERUS (DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR)
 FORCE

 BATTERY (SEL KERING)

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ARUHAN ELEKTROMAGNET
)

HUKUM LENZ DAN HUKUM FARADAY.

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SECTION A/ BAHAGIAN A

1. Diagram 1 shows a bar magnet is being pushed towards a solenoid.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan magnet bar ditolak ke arah solenoid.
X

S

bar magnet/
magnet bar

Galvanomete
r

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) What is meant by induced current?
Apakah maksud arus aruhan?

( Aras : Rendah)

.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

(b) State the polarity at X when the bar magnet is moved towards the solenoid.
Nyatakan kekutuban pada X apabila magnet bar digerakkan ke dalam solenoid.

( Aras : Rendah)

.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

(c) In Diagram 1, when the magnet is pushed towards the solenoid;
Dalam Rajah 1, apabila magnet ditolak masuk ke dalam solenoid;

( Aras : Sederhana)

(i) mark the direction of induced current on the solenoid,
tandakan arah arus aruhan pada solenoid,

(ii) show the direction of the pointer on the zero centred galvanometer.
tunjukkan arah anak panah pada galvanometer sifar tengah.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

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(d) State one method to increase the induced current in the solenoid.
Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk meningkatkan arus aruhan di dalam solenoid.

( Aras : Rendah)

.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

(e) Name the physics law involved in determining the pole in (b) above.
Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam menentukan kutub pada (b) di atas.

( Aras : Rendah)

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

2. Diagram 2.0 shows an apparatus set up to study a method of producing electricity. Diagram
2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show movements of a bar magnet in and out of the solenoid with the
same force. A center zero galvanometer is used to detect the direction of the current flows.

Rajah 2.0 menunjukkan satu set radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji satu kaedah
penghasilan arus elektrik.
Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan gerakan sebatang bar magnet keluar dan masuk ke
dalam solenoid tersebut dengan daya yang sama. Sebuah galvanometer berpusat sifar
digunakan untuk mengesan arah pengaliran arus elektrik.

Diagram 2.0
Rajah 2.0

Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.1 Rajah 2.2

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a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the answer below.
Garis jawapan yang betul dalam kurungan untuk melengkapkan ayat di bawah.

( Aras : Rendah)

The method of producing electricity without the electrical supply is known as (electromagnet,
electromagnetic induction, transformer).

[1mark]

Kaedah penghasilan arus elektrik tanpa bekalan elektrik adalah dikenali sebagai (elektromagnet,
aruhan electromagnet, transformer)

[1markah]

b) Observe Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2,
Perhatikan Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2

i) Compare the direction of the current flow
Bandingkan arah pengaliran arus

( Aras : Sederhana)

................................................................................................................
[1mark/ 1markah]

ii) Compare the magnitude of current flows

Bandingkan magnitude arus yang mengalir

( Aras : Sederhana)

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1mark/ 1markah]

iii) Compare the polarity of magnet at P

Bandingkan kekutuban magnet di P

( Aras : Sederhana)

………………………………………………………………………………….

[1mark/ 1markah]

iv) Relate between the relative motions of the magnet to the polarity at P.
Hubungkaitkan antara gerakan relative magnet, kekutuban yang terbentuk di P.

( Aras : Tinggi)

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1mark/ 1markah]

c) State the physics law involved in b(iv).
Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat.dalam b (iv)

( Aras : Rendah)

……………………...…………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

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d) Base on the information and the diagram given above, state the energy changes that is
involved in the process.

Berdasarkan maklumat dan rajah yang diberikan di atas, terangkan perubahan
tenaga yang terlibat dalam sistem itu.

( Aras : Tinggi)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 mark/ 2 markah]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows an a.c. generator in which a coil is being turned in a magnetic field.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.u. di mana satu gegelung diputar dalam medan
magnet.
Rotation / Putaran

Slip ring
Gelang gelincir

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

a) i) What is the meaning of magnetic field?
Apakah maksud medan magnet?

( Aras : Rendah)

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

ii) Why does the bulb light up?
Mengapakah mentol itu menyala?

( Aras : Sederhana)

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

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b) Some modifications need to be done to the a.c. generator in Diagram 3.1 to convert it into a
d.c. motor.
Beberapa pengubahsuaian perlu dilakukan terhadap penjana a.u. dalam Rajah 3.1 untuk
menjadikannya sebuah motor a.t.

i) State the modification that has to be done to the slip rings.
Nyatakan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan terhadap gelang gelincir.

( Aras : Tinggi)

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

ii) What component should replace the light bulb?
Apakah komponen yang harus menggantikan mentol?

( Aras : Tinggi)

...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

c) Diagram 3.2 shows the cross-sectional view of the coil and magnet of the d.c. motor.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pandangan keratan rentas bagi gegelung dan magnet bagi motor
a.t. itu.

Current out
Arus keluar

NS

Diagram 3.2 Current in
Rajah 3.2 Arus masuk

In Diagram 3.2, draw the resultant magnetic field that causes the coil to rotate.
Show the direction of the force, F, that acts on the coil.

Dalam Rajah 3.2, lukis medan magnet paduan yang menyebabkan gegelung itu berputar.
Tunjukkan arah daya, F, yang bertindak ke atas gegelung itu.

( Aras : Tinggi)

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

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d) Further modifications need to be done to make the motor turn faster. State the modifications
and give a reason for your answers.
Pengubahsuaian selanjutnya perlu dilakukan untuk membuat motor itu berputar dengan
lebih laju. Nyatakan pengubahsuaian itu dan beri sebab bagi jawapan anda.

( Aras : Tinggi)

i) The coil / Gegelung :
.................................................................................................................................
Reason / Sebab :
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

ii) The magnet / Magnet :
.................................................................................................................................
Reason / Sebab :
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

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4. Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show current is induced in the coils when similar magnets are
dropped into the coils from the same height.
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan arus diaruhkan dalam gegelung-gegelung apabila
dua batang magnet yang serupa dijatuhkan ke dalam gegelung-gegelung itu dari
ketinggian yang sama.

Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.1 Rajah 4.2

a) What is meant by induced current?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan arus aruhan?

( Aras : Rendah)

........................…………………………………………………………................................
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

b) i) Give one reason why current is induced in the coil.
Berikan satu sebab mengapa arus diaruhkan dalam gegelung.

( Aras : Sederhana)

………………………...........……………………………………………..………………...
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

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ii) In Diagram 4.1, show the direction of the induced current in the connecting wires by using
arrows.
Dalama Rajah 4.1, tunjukkan arah arus aruhan dalam dawai penyambung dengan
menggunakan anak panah.

( Aras : Rendah)

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

iii) Name the law used to determine the direction of the induced current in 4(b) (ii).

Namakan hukum yang digunakan untuk menentukan arah arus aruhan dalam 4(b)(ii).

( Aras : Rendah)

............................................……………………………………………..………………..

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

c) Based on Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2, compare,
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 bandingkan,

i) number of turns of the coils
bilangan lilitan gegelung

( Aras : Sederhana)

………………………...........……………………………………………..………………..
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

ii) deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer
pesongan jarum galvanometer

( Aras : Sederhana)

………………………............……………………………………………..…………….
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

d) State the relationship between number of turns of the coil and,
Nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan lilitan gegelung dan,

i) Deflection of the pointer of the galvanometer.

pesongan jarum galvanometer

( Aras : Tinggi)

............................................……………………………………………..………………..

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

ii) Magnitude of current flows in the coils.

magnitud arus yang mengalir dalam gegelung

( Aras : Tinggi)

............................................……………………………………………..………………..

[1 mark/ 1 markah)

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SECTION B / BAHAGIAN B

1. Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show the current flows in solenoid.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan arus mengalir dalam solenoid.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2

a) What is the meaning of magnetic field?
Apakah maksud medan magnet?

( Aras : Rendah)

[1mark / 1 markah]

b) Using Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2
Menggunakan Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2

i) Compare the number of turns of the solenoid and number of magnetic field lines and
the strength of magnetic field.
bandingkan bilangan lilitan solenoid, bilangan garis medan magnet dan kekuatan
medan magnet

( Aras : Tinggi)

[3 marks/ 3 markah]

ii) State the relationship between the number of turns of the solenoid and
Nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan lilitan dan

a) the number of magnetic field lines
bilangan garis medan magnet

b) the strength of magnetic field.
Kekuatan medan magnet

( Aras : Tinggi)

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

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c) Diagram 1.3 shows a lifting electromagnets are used to lift and move iron and steel object
such as scrap iron from place to place. Explain how it works.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan satu pengangkat electromagnet yang digunakan untuk mengangkat
dan menggerakkan objek besi seperti bsi buruk dari satu tempat ke satu tempat yang lain.
Terangkan bagaimana ia bekerja

(Aras : Tinggi)

[4 marks/ 4 markah]

Diagram 1.3/ Rajah 1.3
d) Diagram 1.4 shows a simple motor to lift up the load.

Rajah 1.4 menunjukkan satu motor ringkas yang digunakan untuk mengangkat beban

Diagram 1.4/ Rajah 1.4

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Using appropriate physics concept, explain the use of suitable equipment to design a motor
which enable it to move faster and to bring heavier load.
Your answer should include the following aspects:

Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai , terangkan dengan penggunaan perlatan yang
sesuai untuk merekabentuk suatu motor yang membolehkan ia bergerak laju dengan
membawa beban berat.
Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan tentang kesan konduktor membawa arus dalam medan
magnet, terangkan cadangan anda berdasarkan aspek berikut:

( Aras : Tinggi)

i) The diameter of coil [2 marks /2 markah]
Diameter lengkaran

ii) The thickness of wire [2 marks/ 2 markah]
Ketebalan wire

iii) The strength of magnet [2 marks/ 2 markah]
Kekuatan magnet

iv) The number of turns [2 marks/ 2 markah]
Bilangan lilitan

v) The shape of magnet [2 marks/ 2 markah]
Bentuk magnet

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2. Diagram 2.1 and 2.2 show insulated copper wire is wrapped around identical iron nails to form
solenoids.
The solenoids are each connected to an ammeter, a rheostat and a d.c power supply.

Rajah 2.1 dan 2.2 menunjukkan dawai kuprum berpenebat dililit pada paku besi yang serupa
untuk membentuk solenoid.
Solenoid disambung kepada ammeter, reostat dan bekalan kuasa arus terus.

Diagram 2.1 Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.1 Rajah 2.2

When the switch is on, the iron nails become electromagnet and the paper clips are attracted to the
iron nails.
Bila suis ditutup, paku besi menjadi elektromagnet dan klip kertas tertarik kepada paku besi.

a) What is meant by electromagnet?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektromagnet?

( Aras : Rendah)

[1 mark / 1 markah]

b) Using Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2, compare the number of turns of the coil, the number of
paper clips attached to the electromagnet and the reading of ammeter.

Relate the number of turns of the coil with the number of paper clips attached to the electromagnet
to make a deduction regarding the relationship between the number of turns of the coil and the
strength of electromagnet.

Menggunakan Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2, bandingkan bilangan lilitan gegelung, bilangan klip kertas
melekat pada elektromagnet dan bacaan ammeter.

Hubungkait bilangan lilitan gegelung dengan bilangan klip kertas yang melekat pada elektromagnet
untuk membuat deduksi tentang hubungan antara bilangan lilitan gegelung dengan kekuatan
elektromagnet.

( Aras : Tinggi)

[ 5 marks / 5 markah]

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c) Diagram 2.4 shows a simple transformer which is not efficient.
Rajah 2.4 menunjukkan sebuah transformer ringkas yang tidak cekap.

Diagram 2.4/ Rajah 2.4

Using appropriate physics concepts, explain how you would modify the transformer in Diagram
2.4 to increase its efficiency.
Your answer should include the following aspects:

Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan bagaimana anda boleh mengubahsuai
transformer dalam Rajah 2.4 untuk meningkatkan kecekapannya.
Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

i) the type and characteristic of the coiled wire
jenis dan ciri-ciri dawai yang dililitkan

ii) the type and characteristic of the core
jenis dan ciri-ciri teras

iii) the arrangement of the primary and the secondary coils
susunan gegelung primer dan gegelung sekunder

( Aras : Tinggi)

[10 marks/ 10 markah]

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SECTION C / BAHAGIAN C

1. a) Diagram 1.1 shows a circuit breaker.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebuah pemutus litar.

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

i) What is meant by electromagnet?
Apakah maksud elektromagnet?

( Aras : Rendah)

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

ii) Explain how the circuit breaker disconnected the circuit when a lightning occurs.
Terangkan bagaimana pemutus litar memutuskan litar apabila kilat berlaku.

( Aras : Tinggi)

[4 marks/ 4 markah]

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b) Diagram 1.2 shows a system for transmission of electrical power using source of 12 V a.c.
Rajah 1.2 di bawah menunjukkan satu sistem penghantaran kuasa elektrik menggunakan
sumber 12 V a.u.

12 V a.c 240 V 240 V 12 V 12 V bulb
source/ is bright /
sumber mentol
a.u terang

Transmission wire /
wayar penghantaran

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2

Table 1.1 gives information on four types of cables that could be used for the
transmission of electricity over the National Grid Network.

Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan maklumat berkaitan empat jenis kabel yang boleh digunakan
untuk penghantaran elektrik melalui Rangkaian Grid Nasional.

Cable / Density / Rate of Diameter / Specific heat
kabel ketumpatan expansion / Diameter (cm) capacity / Muatan

S (kgm-3) Kadar 2.0 haba tentu
T pengembangan 5.0 (J kg-1 oC-1)
U 5.36 x 103 1.5
V 2.00 x 103 Low 3.2 502
4.50 x 103 Low 900
3.2 x 103 High 380
Medium 790

Table 1.1/ Jadual 1.1

Explain the suitability of each of the characteristic of the cables. You are required to choose
the most suitable cable and give reasons for your choice.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap satu ciri kabel. Anda dikehendaki memilih kabel yang paling
sesuai dan berikan sebab untuk pilihan anda.

( Aras : Tinggi)

[10 marks/10 markah]

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c) In a model of transmission of electricity, 24 W of power is transmitted at 48 V using cables
with resistance of 4 Ω.

Dalam satu model penghantaran elektrik, kuasa 24 W dipindahkan pada 48 V
menggunakan kabel dengan rintangan 4 Ω.

i) Calculate the current in the cables. ( Aras : Sederhana)
Kirakan arus dalam kabel.
( Aras : Sederhana)
ii) Calculate the power loss in the cable
Kirakan kuasa yang hilang dalam kabel. [5 marks/ 5 markah]

2. Diagram 2.1 shows a simple transformer
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebuah transformer ringkas

Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1

a) i) State the type of transformer used.
Nyatakan jenis transformer yang digunakan

( Aras : Rendah)

[1 mark/ 1markah]

ii) Why does a transformer not work with a direct current ( d.c) power?
Mengapakah transformer tidak dapat berfungsi sekiranya menggunakan arus terus?

( Aras : Sederhana)

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

b) Explain the operating principle of a transformer
Terangkan prinsip kerja sebuah transformer

( Aras : Tinggi)

[3 marks/markah]

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c) The table 2.1 shows the characteristics for five tranformers P,Q , R, S and T.
Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi lima transformer iaitu P, Q, R, S dan T

Transformer Type of core Structure of the core Type of Type of coil
Tranformer Jenis teras Struktur teras transformer wire
Jenis transformer
P Soft iron core Laminated Jenis dawai
Teras besi lembut Berlapis Step up gNeicgherloumneg
Injak naik Nikrom
Q Soft iron core Not laminated
Teras besi lembut Tidak berlapis Step down Copper
Injak turun Kuprum
R Steel Laminated
Keluli Berlapis Step up Constantan
Injak naik Konstantan
S Soft iron core Laminated
Teras besi lembut Berlapis Step up Copper
Injak naik Kuprum
T Steel Not laminated
Keluli Tidak berlapis Step down Platinum
Injak turun Platinum

Table 2.1 / Jadual 2.1

i) As an engineer in an electronic factory, you are assigned to study the characteristics of
some transformer that are suitable components to be used to assemble a TV set.
Sebagai seorang jurutera kilang elektronik, anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri
beberapa transformer yang sesuai bagi memasang sebuah peti TV.

ii) Determine the suitability of the characteristics of the transformer to be used for the
purpose and give the reason.
Tentukan transformer yang paling sesuai untuk tujuan tersebut dan berikan sebab.

( Aras : Tinggi)

[10 marks/ 10 markah]

d) Diagram 2.2 shows a transformer which is connected to a 12V, 24W a.c electric motor.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebuah transformer yang disambung kepada motor elektrik 12V, 24W a.u.

Np = 600
Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2

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i) Calculate the number of turns of the secondary coil. ( Aras : Sederhana)
Hitung bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder itu.
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]
ii) Calculate the current flow in the secondary coil.
Hitung arus yang mengalir dalam gegelung sekunder itu. ( Aras : Sederhana)

iii) The efficiency of the transformer is 80%. [ 2 marks/ 2 markah]
Calculate the input power when the output power is 24 W.
Kecekapan transformer ialah 80%. ( Aras : Sederhana)
Hitung kuasa input apabila kuasa output ialah 24 W
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

a) Diagram 3.3 shows a model for transmission of electrical power. The resistance of
transmission cable in the model is 30 Ω.

Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan satu model bagi penghantaran kuasa elektrik. Rintangan pada
kabel penghantar dalam model tersebut ialah 30 Ω.

Diagram 3.3 / Rajah 3.3

i) Name a type of conductor that is most suitable to be used as transmission cable.
Namakan satu jenis konduktor yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai kabel
penghantar.

( Aras : Rendah)

[1 mark / 1 markah]

ii) Calculate the current that flows through the transmission cable.
Hitung arus yang mengalir melalui kabel penghantar.

( Aras : Sederhana)

[2 marks / 2 markah]

iii) The power loss due to heating effect of the transmission cable.
Kuasa yang hilang disebabkan kesan pemanasan kabel penghantar.

( Aras : Sederhana)

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.

SEMINAR ALL OUT SPM | 4TH SESSION

WAVES

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