GCC - EARTHQUAKE MAGAZINE (old)

APRIL 2021 GCC EARTHQUAKE TEAM

EARTHQUAKE

SURVEY RESULTS CHANGED LIVES "NOT BEFORE 2045"

How aware are people of A touching story by an A massive earthquake
earthquakes? | p. 12 earthquake survivor | p. 7 expected in Marmara | p. 11

CONTENT APRIL 2021
Issue 1
WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINE

04 05 06 07

OVERVIEW TO PRECAUTIONS DURING THE changed lıves

EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE

08 10 11 13

loss major earthquakes GREAT ISTANBUL Q&A

ın TURKEY'S hıstory EARTHQUAKE

FROM THE EDITORS

29 APRIL 2021

We are a group of Global Citizenship
Club students, and our aim is to raise

awareness about one of the natural
disasters, namely an earthquake. Even if

we can change one person's mind, we
strongly believe we will be successful.

In this magazine, we discussed our topic
comprehensively. While reading, you will

learn many things and be prepared for
earthquakes.

Enjoy reading!

GCC EARTHQUAKE GROUP
BERFİN BÜYÜKDAĞ, BİLGE ALKIN
CEYLİN LEBLEBİCİ, SUDENUR DİLER

OVERVIEW An earthquake occurs as a result of
OF the energy that arises unexpectedly
EARTHQUAKE in the earth's crust. Fault lines
occur when the rocks in the top
By Bilge Alkın layer are broken under high-
pressure conditions and the
4 resulting fault lines make various
movements and cause
earthquakes.

Earthquakes can cause aftershocks
along with earthquakes, as well as
cause another natural disaster, the
most known of which is the post-
earthquake tsunami. It can also
trigger landslides and volcanic
activities, also known as landslides.

GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP CLUB EARTHQUAKE TEAM

PRECAUTIONS

BY SUDENUR DİLER

The precautions to be taken for the are in bedrooms are a great risk. That kind of
item can hurt you, limit your moves or even
earthquakes are almost known by everybody: cause your death. Due to that, you should be
careful with where you position your bed and
Preparing an earthquake bag, securing heavy keep it away from heavy objects. Even though
you secure the heavy items in your house, it
items, making an emergency plan... In this doesn’t mean you’re fully free from danger. The
small but heavy objects that are on the shelves
article, I have explained the precautions you or wardrobes may drop onto you and give you
serious damage. It looks like an insignificant
need to take to minimize the damage of a detail, but you shouldn’t ignore that.
When it is told “precautions for earthquake”
dangerous natural disaster such as an everyone first thinks of the precautions we
should take individually. However, the personal
earthquake. precautions we take are not enough to prevent
the possible harm of earthquakes. The state
As I’ve just mentioned, firstly, you and the governments have an important role
in diminishing the damage. Some of the
should have an earthquake bag. After precautions that they should take are
controlling the process of the construction of
an earthquake, it is really important to buildings, punishing the owners of the
buildings that are built without permission,
have an earthquake bag near to exit to and checking buildings in certain periods.
It is very important that everybody does
leave the building as soon as possible. something and takes precautions, to decrease
the damage and loss. Especially in Turkey, a
Speaking of leaving the building country that is on fault lines, state and citizens
should be in collaboration. If nobody takes
immediately, have a talk with the precautions, the death numbers will be the
same after every earthquake occurred. Do not
household about what you need to do ignore the precautions, they are the only thing
that will protect you. Let's finish with a phrase:
during an earthquake, to successfully Precaution is better than cure.

leave the building. Decide where you

will hide and what you will do if

something unexpected happens, and

how you will get out of the building

when the earthquake ends. Even if

possible, do drills. Even though they

look unnecessary and are ignored, drills

help people to keep calm and be more

conscious during an earthquake.

Another precaution is about the

household items. Securing the items to

walls is really important for making the

earthquake process healthier.

Especially the cupboards, shelves that

5

DURING

THE

EARTHQUAKE

By Bilge Alkın

Take your earthquake emergency k t and get down on
the ground under a desk or table. Don't stay near large
objects l ke cupboards or bookcases that can fall on
top of you. Stay clear of w ndows as they can break.
If you are outs de, move away from bu ld ngs that can
collapse and try to stay n an open area.
Once the earthquake s over, check everyone f they
are safe and not njured.
If poss ble, you should l sten to the rad o. If not, you
can try to make your vo ce heard, so that you can get
help from people outs de who are n a better cond t on
than you.
If you are n a better cond t on and someone needs
help, you should try to help them.
If there s noth ng you can do phys cally, you can make
them feel rel eved by talk ng to them.

EARTHQUAKE APRIL 2021

6

CHANGED "I GET
GOOSEBUMPS
LIVES
WHEN I SAY
BY BERFİN BÜYÜKDAĞ EARTHQUAKE."

Vedat Oncar, who came to find a job from I would look outside through the window. 'I
Diyarbakır to Yalova, and was buried under had a leg. Now, why not?' My mother is
the rubble in the 17 August Earthquake that putting pressure on me. She says 'Go outside,
occurred while sitting on the second floor, walk around.' I am ashamed because my
was rescued from the debris 36 hours later, foot was cut off. I met Alpaslan Erkoç, the
But his right leg was cut under his kneecap. President of Yalova Orthopedics Sports Club
After the earthquake in which he lost his (YOSK). My life has changed since then.
grandfather and his leg, Vedat, whose Currently, I am sweating for the success of
psychology deteriorated, clung to life with the Amasya Gümüşhacıköy Team, which is in
wheeled basketball and rejoined society. the Wheelchair Basketball Regional League
B Group. Sports connected me to life.” he
Vedat said that his aunt and children were said.
injured in the earthquake and said, “I came
to myself at a time while I was under the The experienced basketball player, who
wreckage. I look at my feet, but there is no stated that the earthquake was the most
pain. The foot is now numb, gone." Stating important turning point in his life, said, “I get
that he could not recover after being goosebumps when I say earthquake.
removed from the wreckage and that he Sometimes I sit at home. My brother shakes
returned from the edge of death. Vedat said, the lamp to scare my mother, I will go down
“I could not leave the house for a year. I faster than him, 19 years have passed, I'm
couldn't get rid of that psychology. afraid. I haven't let go of that fear yet.
Sometimes I feel the earthquake, I am
scared”. Vedat Oncar, who does not want
others to experience his own suffering
during earthquakes that may occur, said,
“When they build houses, they will not steal
from concrete or iron. They will do it to the
beautiful ground. Six mud, there will be no
slime. The house I live in would not be like
this if it was built solidly. I would still run. I
was going to be a footballer, not a basketball
player,” he added.

7

LOSS

By Ceylin Leblebici

If the data in Table 1 are evaluated, 1346 people died after the 1983 Kars
earthquake. 834,137 people were affected by disasters and an economic loss
of 25 thousand dollars occurred. After the earthquake in 6 different regions until
1992, 21 people died. 750,817 people were influenced by the earthquake. After
the 1992 Erzincan earthquake, 653 people died and 34,855 people's lives have
changed. As a result of the 1995 Dinar earthquake and the 1996 Çorum,
Amasya earthquake, 94 people died, 186,246 people were impacted, and an
economic loss of 955,800 dollars arose.
After the earthquake that occurred in Adana, Ceyhan, Hatay, and Kayseri 3
different times in 1998. 147 people died, 1,360,659 people were affected and
an economic loss of 550 thousand dollars arose. The consequences of the
1999 earthquake were one of the disasters that deeply influenced Turkey. As a
conclusion of the earthquake impacting the provinces of Izmit, Kocaeli, Yalova,
Gölcük, Zonguldak, Sakarya, Tekirdağ, İstanbul, Bursa, Eskişehir, and Bolu in
1999, 17,982 people died. 1,584,792 people were touched and an economic
loss of 21 million dollars occurred.

8

LOSS

Wh le 45 people lost the r l ves as a result of the earthquakes n 2000, 2001, and 2002,
approx mately 278 thousand people were affected and an econom c loss of 95 thousand
dollars was exper enced. As a conclus on of the earthquakes that took place n 2003, 178
people d ed, 290,832 people were affected and an econom c loss of 135 thousand dollars was
exper enced. As a consequence of the earthquakes n 2004 and 2005, 29 people d ed and
39,260 people were affected. In the Elazığ earthquake n 2010, 51 people d ed and 3,600
people were affected. After the S mav earthquake that occurred n 2011, 3 people d ed, 10,121
people were affected and an econom c loss of 244 thousand dollars occurred. Aga n, after the
Van earthquake n 2011, 644 people d ed, 33,043 people were affected and 1,500,000
econom c losses were exper enced.

As t has been exam ned, bes des the loss of l fe and property after the earthquake, our
country also harms the nat onal economy. The 1999 Marmara earthquake was a d saster that
caused the most casualt es n our country. The most mportant reason for th s s that the reg on s
econom cally developed and has mportant factor es.

9

10 MAJOR 19
DISASTROUS
EARTHQUAKES
IN TURKEY

BY CEYLİN LEBLEBİCİ

1- 1939 Erzincan Earthquake
This is the largest earthquake that Turkey experienced.
The earthquake of 7.9 magnitudes occurred in Erzincan
on December 26-27, 1939.

2- 1930 Hakkâri Earthquake
Turkey-Iran border on May 7, 1930, the day an
earthquake of magnitude 7.6.

3- 1976 Çaldıran Earthquake
The magnitude of the earthquake that took place on 24
November 1976 in Van was 7.5.

4- 1999 Gölcük Earthquake
The size of the 17 August 1999 earthquake which caused
Turkey's industrial capital and huge losses affecting was
7.4.

5- 2011 Van Earthquake
Turkey time to 23 October 2011 at 13: 41 in occurred. It
was realized in size 7.2.

6- 1970 Gediz Earthquake
The 7.2 magnitude 1970 Gediz earthquake occurred on
March 28, 1970.

7- 1999 Düzce Earthquake
Another disaster in 1999 was the 1999 Düzce
earthquake. It was realized in size 7.2.

8- 1943 Tosya-Ladik Earthquake
Another 7.2 earthquake was the 1943 Tosya-Ladik
earthquake.

9- 1944 Bolu-Gerede Earthquake
It is a 7.2 magnitude earthquake that took place in Bolu-
Gerede on February 1, 1944.

10- 1953 Yenice-Gönen Earthquake
It took place in Çanakkale Yenice on March 18, 1953,
with a magnitude of 7.2.

Source: www.milliyet.com.tr

10

THE THE EXPECTED MASSIVE ISTANBUL
EXPECTED EARTHQUAKE
People living in Istanbul, in other words, the
MASSIVE Marmara region, are living with a fear that is
ISTANBUL always with them. They think it will happen
EARTHQUAKE soon or later, day by day they move towards
that day, and there is nothing they can do
BY SUDENUR DİLER about it. Nobody is taking precautions;
buildings are not durable and even the
gathering areas became construction areas.
Nobody really seems to care about it, and they
will not care before The Expected Massive
Istanbul Earthquake occurs.

Geologist Prof. Dr. Naci Görür stated that there “NOT BEFORE 2045”
was a lot of energy accumulated in the earth’s Geophysical Engineer Prof. Övgün Ahmet
Ercan said he does not expect any massive
crust under Marmara, after the 1999 earthquakes in Istanbul before 2045. He said:
Earthquake. Due to that, the possibility that an “It will be surprising if an earthquake occurs in
Istanbul before 2045, and its magnitude doesn’t
earthquake occurs in Marmara is 64%. And exceed 7.3.”
that earthquake will have a magnitude
minimum of 7.2.

11

OUR

EARTHQUAKE

SURVEY

By GCC Earthquake Group

Here are the results of our survey conducted The sixth question was “How old is your building?”
in November 2020, with 161 participants and 46% of the participants answered “1-9”. That was
from Turkey. The participants were asked something that we wanted to see, at least most of
10 questions to see how conscious they are the participants’ buildings were not so old and
about earthquakes. In the following, the probably more durable for earthquakes. In another
results of the survey were analyzed. question, it was asked “Is there a rail system in your
building?” 48.5% of the participants answered this
For the first question, the participants were asked question “Yes”, which is so nice. Because in Turkey,
whether they have an earthquake bag in their home. not most of the buildings have rail systems.
Only 24% of the participants answered “Yes, I do.” It For the final question, our participants were asked
seems that few people tend to take precautions, and whether they have enough knowledge about
most people are not prepared for a spontaneous earthquakes. 55% of the participants said “Yes”
earthquake in our society. This is very sad because if whereas 76% of the participants do not even have an
people do not take precautions, even if they do not earthquake bag in their home. This shows that
prepare an earthquake bag, we will be seeing loss people think they are conscious about the
and damage after every earthquake. earthquakes, but they are not really prepared for
them.

In the second question, they were asked if their We have been working on spreading awareness
heavy items in their house were fixed. People who about earthquakes since we saw those results. As a
said “Yes” were 43% of the participants. Again, just part of this “spreading awareness act”, we also
like the first question, the results are not what we prepared this magazine. We hope to make people
want to see. For the following question, they were more cautious about that fact: earthquakes. Because
asked if they know the gathering areas near where there is no joke, and if nobody does something,
they live or work. As the answer, 54% of the earthquakes will continue taking lives.
participants said “No, I don’t.”

EARTHQUAKE | GCC

12

-   QUESTIONS & ANSWERS -

We also added answers to the questions that people were wondering about. For doing that, we asked you, our
readers, if you wanted to know about anything specific apart from the content of our magazine. We hope you can
also find some answers to the questions that popped up in your head while reading our magazine. Enjoy!

Editors

Do earthquakes cause tsunamies? In which country the most earthquakes occur in the
world?
In short, yes. Because the soil fragments broken
through the fault lines cause tides during the The largest seismic belt is the Pacific Seismic Belt;
earthquake, because of this, the water will tide and if From Chile to the north, tips include the South
the intensity of the earthquake is large enough, the American coast, Central America, Mexico, the western
water will come to the land. coast of the USA and Alaska to the Aleutian Islands,
Japan, the Philippines, New Guinea, the South Pacific
What happens if an earthquake occurs when I'm on a Islands, and New Zealand. We can say that these
plane? countries have the highest risk of earthquakes. Those
with the second greatest risk of earthquakes are the
To put it briefly; earthquakes affect the plane but are Mediterranean Belt and California. Our country, Turkey,
not felt. To explain with a simple example, just as is located in the second-degree earthquake zone, and
seismic waves create tsunamis in the sea, an this shows that Anatolia hasn't fully completed the
earthquake is effective but not felt in airplanes. The geological evolution. In addition, there are almost no
world is a whole with more than land and sea parts. earthquakes in countries such as Siberia, Canada, Inner
There is a gas layer at an altitude of 600 miles, or 1000 Africa, and Brazil.
km. The effect of the earthquake in atmospheric gases
affects the aircraft with waves. Source: www.w k ped a.com/

How dangerous are earthquakes according to their In what types of countries are there more
magnitude? earthquakes?

Earthquakes with a magnitude of 8 or greater are very In regions with more active fault lines, the chance of an
severe and are named “Great Earthquakes”. They are earthquake is higher.
considered the most dangerous ones. Earthquakes
with a magnitude of 7 to 7.9 are also very severe, but How is it possible to leave the building because we
they are called “Major Earthquakes”. The ones with a cannot use stairs and elevators during the
magnitude of 6 to 6.9 are severe, and they are called earthquake, or should we leave the building?
“Strong”, and 5 to 5.9 are called “Moderate”.
Earthquakes with a magnitude of 4-4.9 are mild and If you are sure that there will be no harm to yourself
generally do not cause permanent damage and are and the people around you, you should leave the
called “Light”. Magnitudes of 3 and 3.9 are very mild building immediately, using the stairs is the safest
and they are named “Minor”. Earthquake intensities of method, but if the stairs are not strong enough, you
3 or less are not felt most of the time and they are should call the authorities and ask for help.
called “Very Minor”.

How old are earthquake-resistant buildings?

Although the earthquake-resistant building varies
according to the number of floors, ground area, and
material, the earthquake-resistant building should be at
most 5 years old.

EARTHQUAKE MAGAZINE -   25   - APRIL 2021

13

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