FASN 2116_ Renaissance Magazine

1400-1600

TIME

THE ISTRADE
VIRGINQUEEN IMPACTING
OFENGLAND ITALIANFASHION?

HOTOFFTHEPRESSES:
THEPRESSES

TIMES MAGAZINE

BREAKING NEWS

BREAKING NEWS

THE EARTH REVOLVES
AROUND THE SUN

Nicolaus Copernicus the Polish astronomer has changed the
course of astronomy forever. His recent death brought many
grief but additionally left us with a manuscript for publication.
Read it first here at Times magazine
"The apparent....motion of the planets arises not from their
motion but from the Earth's. The motion of the Earth alone,
therefore, suffices to explain so many apparent inequalities in
the heavens."
— Nicolaus Copernicus, Commentariolus, about 1510.
Although such a drastic perception changing view was met
with opposition when it was proposed by Aristarchus 1100
years ago. This breaking news has been widely accepted by the
astronomy community and we believe this information should
be regarded as fact.

BOOKS EVERYONE IN EUROPE ARE BOOK OF THE DAY
READING BREAKING NEWS
We are all accustomed to reading
Do not dress “overly ample” like
books about how to dress that the French
Do not dress “overscanty” like the
have been published since the Germans
Do it better like the italians
16th century. Anybody who has Dress more muted and not
excessive, Black or dark colors are
sense is aware these are a better
Armor colors can be bright
necessity. however, that is quite becoming
The courtier should dress “dainty”
Our weekly book but “not in a feminine way”
Above all know that how you
recommendation for you this dress makes a statement about
who you are
week is “The courtier” by author

Baldassare Castiglione. This book

advises on how to dress

appropriately for Renaissance

Author Baldassare Castiglione court.
If your too busy with chess or the

festivities of the day we have

noted the most important aspects:

Times Magazine

TIMES MAGAZINE

TRADE IMPACTING OUR CULTURE

ICNIUNDLDUTUUSSTRTRERYY>> TRADE

TRADE SPANISH EMBROIDERY
IMPACTING
ITALIAN Spanish embroidery from Spain has been hitting Italy by storm, we are seeing it everywhere
FASHION and it is very becoming. We are seeing spanish embroidery styles added to sleeves or a
neckline on white linen.
As we all know, trade has been
bringing the up and coming most
fashionable styles to our nation. As
Europe has begun to explore and gain
connections with far off places our
own culture is adopting the looks of
the Spanish, French, middle east and
Asia.

The trade from the Turks of the TRADE FROM ASIA 16TH CENTURY SPANISH EMBROIDERY FROM THE MET MUSEUM
ottoman empire has brought with it a DETAIL >
new inspiration for our dress. Men are Trade between long distance countries
to be inspired to wear turban style has been bringing far off countries
hats as did Sultan Mehmet the 2nd. together. Merchants are bringing in
Women you are not to miss out on Velvet and silk from Asia. If you can
this one either we advise beehive afford to purchase them they will surely
head dresses to replicate this new show off your status.
style

Wealthy women in Germany are showing
off their status with luxurious textiles
imported from Asia.

LUXURIOUS PANEL OF VELVET

Technology Now | Issue 70 | 234

TIMES MAGAZINE

ROYALTY AND MOVEMENTS

HUMANISM R0YALTY INFLUENCEINDUSTRY >
MOVEMENT
Our royal families are influencing fashion
A cultural movement has begun in Italy more than ever! It is only appropriate for a
and it is called Humanism. intermarriage to occur between two royal
This movement promotes the families. In today's day and age those royal
recognition of man at the center of our families are from far away lands. We can
universe. The promotion of our vast see how this intermarriage is creating a
human achievements should be middle eastern influence in our nation. The
celebrated by all. Our progression in Turkish style is“fierce and exotic”. You can
education, art, literature and science see this influence in the new “long robes
should be focused on as the highest powdered with gold” and large golden
importance. hats that replicated the style of a turban
Humanist authors like Francesco like the one that Henry VIII of England
Petrarch have set the stage for what wore.
culture and values have been printed to
the masses, through the recent We recommend you pick up a Japanese
invention of the printing press. folding fan, these fans are accessories and
and an art form. They were originally
brought to Europe as presents to the
European monarchs. Even Queen
Elizabeth was painted holding one of the
fans.

THE MEDICI FAMILY

AUTHOR FRANCESCO PETRARCH The Medici family has been having a
huge impact on culture. As one of the
wealthiest families in Florence they have
been using their power to support young
budding artists. The best artists of the day
have declared their work will be much
different then the dark ages and we are
seeing this have an impact on artists all
around Europe. Just look at the
incredible work of Leonardo Da Vinci

Times Magazine

TIME against the Catholic Church to the door of LUTHERANS VS. PLUDERHOSEN
a chapel in 1517! Though the Pope has
RELIGION labelled him a heretic and excommuni- As we are all well aware, the Lutheran
cated him as of 1521, he’s received a lot population has become increasingly
PROTESTANTS VS. CATHOLICS of support from rulers and nobility around concerned with, so-called, “civility in
Europe who would like to see the Holy comportment.” Lutherans revolt against
Roman Emperor Charles V lose some of the excesses and adornment that we see
his control across the globe. everywhere in the Catholic church and
choose to dress simply since “Christ
So what are the main differences in himself, of course, had only ever worn
a simple cloak” (Rublack, 2012). The
beliefs between the old Catholic Church latest men’s trend of filled upper hose,
or Pluderhosen, have certainly elicited
and this new Protestant Church? Firstly, their ire. They are panned breeches with
a heavily puffed lining. Word has reached
Protestants only believe in what is written us that in Germany, a Deacon of Andreas
Musculus has ordered his congregation to
in the bible, whereas the Catholics also FIGHT this new trend in his latest ser-
mon. Much to the chagrin of the members
believe what the Pope decrees. Secondly, of this chapel, they arrived to mass the
following Sunday to find that a mischie-
Protestants believe that salvation can vous activist had nailed a pair of the hated
pluderhosen to the pulpit! Musculus is
only be achieved by having faith in Jesus so intent on sharing his belief that these
slashed and filled hose are depraved that
Christ; The Catholics, on the other hand, he has printed his sermon in both lower
German and Danish and is having pam-
think that they can attain salvation due to phlets circulated. It’s laden with shock-
ing imagery of the devil himself wearing
an accumulation of good acts and finan- Pluderhosen. Musculus believes that this
luxurious article of clothing is offensive
cial support to the church. Protestants and that it is eating up German bank ac-
counts and sending that money to foreign
reject the supreme authority of the Pope, countries. He’s not the only one waging
this war against fashionable hose though.
leaving that authority only to Christ. Apparently, Duke Joachim of Bradenburg
hung 3 men from a cage for 3 days for
Moreover, they believe that every church dressing in this manner and encouraged
all the townspeople to shame them when
should be controlled locally rather than passing.

There’s a new wave of Christian thought having a central church like the Vatican. When asked for a quote for this article,
that began in the German states of the These disciples of Lutheran are indeed Musculus responded. “So if your slashed
Holy Roman Empire and is spreading questioning the status quo especially hose does not damn you / so your own
across Europe. Believe it or not, this new considering the strong allegiance between heart still does / which you have revealed
sect is distancing itself from the Roman European royals and the papacy. In fact, through such clothing / your clothes
Catholic Church! Theologians and intel- the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V has show what sense / thoughts and spirit you
lectuals haven’t been too happy with the decided to surrender many of his lands have.”
way the Catholic Church is doing things. as he can no longer preserve Catholicism
This group, who call themselves Protes- within them! -Musculus 1497-1563

tants, question the morality of the clergy -Martin Luther 1483-1546 Painting by Theodor Fischer
and don’t agree with the ever-growing Ulrich III (c. 1850)

wealth and splendour of the Catholic

Church. They question whether excessive

adornment is necessary to connect with

god. Indeed, the translation of the first tes-

tament into German, and its dissemination

throughout society thanks to the printing

press, has led many people to question the

Catholic Church’s reliance on clergymen

instead of letting worshippers analyze the

text themselves.

So who is leading this Reformation of
thought? Martin Luther, a monk and theo-
logian who has translated the bible into
German, sees many errors in the Catholic
analysis. He caused quite a stir when he
nailed a list of his reasons for rebelling

TIME

CHARLES V

Holy Roman Emperor

We have a new Catholic Emperor,
ruling over the most extensive em-
pire seen since Gengis Khan! Quite
the lineage this new ruler has too. He
is grandson to the former Emperor
Maximilian of the Hapsburg line and
the great Spanish Catholic Royal duo,
Isabelle and Ferdinand. His inheritance
has undoubtedly given him a fair few
lands to keep under his control. He is
now Emperor of most of Europe, hav-
ing inherited both the Hapsburg and the
Spanish ruled lands and a fair chunk
of Spanish America. Did we mention
that his official title is Holy Roman
Emperor? I think it’s fair to say that he
will be supporting the Catholics in their
disputes with these new Protestants. As
you can see, he certainly has the Haps-
burg jaw!

-Charles V1500-1588

Painting by Flemish School,
Emperor Charles V (c. 1515)

THE VIRGIN

A Woman on the Throne

There’s a new head honcho COSIMO DE’ MEDICI
in charge of England, and it’s
an unmarried woman! Queen THE MERCHANT OF FLORENCE
Elizabeth, a Protestant Queen,
was born to Henry VIII and Now we all know that Italy promoted the arts and intel-
Anne Boleyn. Some call her is governed a little di er- lectuals and grew the mer-
illegitimate, but it seems the ently than the rest of Europe. cantile city into an economic
Elizabethan Era has arrived. Rather than being a united powerhouse. e Medici’s
The brits must be getting whip- country under one royal during their 200-year rule,
lash with the religious back and family, Italy is a collection were great patrons of artists.
forth. Her predecessor, Bloody of independent city-states ey exceptionally curated
Mary, was burning all the Prot- ruled by di erent dynasties. their image through portraits
estants at the stake, and now we Luckily, these city-states have painted by the artist Ag-
have a Protestant queen outlaw- ourishing industries; for nolo Bronzino. ough they
ing Catholicism. It’s getting example, Florence is known funded the arts, the Medicis
hard to keep up! She’s a stylish for its incredible textile and were orentines and dressed
one, our English Queen and banking industries. Italy has more humbly than other rul-
her fashions are all copied by done so well thanks to its ers. ey had seized control
the other women at court. Her convenient access to ports but were careful not to incite
elaborate style of dressing has and therefore trade. anger and cause revolt from
even spread to the men of her Florentines with excessive
court. Not only is she fashion- Florence may well be the displays of wealth. Cosimo
able, but she is concerned with birthplace of the Renaissance and his family chose more
the livelihoods of artisans under and was ruled by elected of- modest displays of luxury,
her rule. She even refuses to cials at one time. at era like sombre-hued clothing
patent a knitting machine out has come to an end. A er a made with local wool. Co-
of fear it will ruin business for long history as a city-state simo was wiley, though and
hand knitters. Her royal high- republic since 1115, the made sure to dress splendidly
ness is quite the fan of makeup Medici family has done away when dealing with the kings
and uses ceruse made of white with democracy and declared and emperors of other states
lead and vinegar to hide her a duchy. Cosimo I de Medici, to be considered an equal.
freckles. Unfortunately, it led to who became Duke in 1437,
horrible pockmarks in her skin, - Cosimo 1519-1574
and she’s had to use more and
more ceruse with every passing
year. There is also a noticeable
uptick in the wearing of red
wigs to copy the ginger curls of
the Queen.

- Elizabeth I 1533-1603

Painting by William Scrots,
Elizabeth I as a Princess, c.1546

TIMES MAGAZINE

SOCIAL CLASSES

SUMPTUARY LAWS NOBLE CLASS

GUIDE TO DRESS The Noble Class makes up the utility of the ruling class
who are in charge because of their extreme wealth and
   A   s many are aware, sumptuary power. If you are a part of this class, no need to worry!
laws have taken over the way we are You may wear anything you wish. For women, dresses
able to dress. Read more about it with tight-fitted bodices are musts for the new season,
here on Times Magazine for tips on and for men, fitted shirts and trousers are popular
how to follow the new laws and nowadays. These days, various dyes like royal purple
dress according to your social class. and red are seen and design details like ruffles and high
The new sumptuary laws were colours are extremely popular as well. Fine linen, silk
recently created to enforce and velvet are musts for the new season to show off
restrictions on extravagance for food, your prosperity! Another trend seen lately is
household necessities and even guardaroba which are sets of clothing with multiple
clothing. These laws follow strict layers to achieve a classy and elegant image. Times
religious grounds which prevent magazine would highly recommend purchasing a new
people from certain groupings to set for the season change!
wear varying types of clothing and
fabric which include gold, silver, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF SOUTHHAMPTAM
silk, fine linen and many more. Here
are some tips to avoid fines from the MERCHANT CLASS
higher ups for each social class.
Similar to the noble class, you also have LENGTH OF VELVET, 15TH CENTURY
LADY JANE GREY, C. 1545 access to some silk, satin and brocade
Times Magazine | Social Class fabrics. These are recommended to be used LOWER CLASS
as dresses, shirts, pants and jackets.
Unfortunately due to the new laws you no The lower class would be classified as
longer have access to certain colours like peasants this day in age. Loose-fitted
purple, red and blue. This is because these clothing and linen are seen to be worn by
are too expensive and show off prosperity. this category. Due to price, expensive
Other fabrics which NyoOuBnLoElConLgAeSrShave goods are not seen being worn. In order to
access to are velvet, sable fur, tinseled dress as a classy noble, it is advised to
cloth, and gold, silver, pearl embroidery. ditch the loose-fitted slouchy clothing and
Don't let this change discourage you from opt for a tighter-fitted look. This will not
not being able to dress nicely. Time’s only make you appear cleaner but also
magazine would recommend layering up wealthier as well. Comfort is key in this
this season for a new look. Try a corset for social class, but throw out that apron and
the ladies, and for men a new jacket. dress like a classy aristocrat today!
Dressing up as a noble is the new “it” look
this year.

Jewelry
and Accessories

GUIDE TO DRESS

Goldsmiths are taking a turn with their creations
by inventing new cutting-edge innovations
which are seen being worn by the nobles and
queens! The incorporation of both gold and
gems is seen being made which opt for an
elegant and classy look. With the effect of trade,
never seen before gems and stones are
appearing left and right. Especially popular
items on the market today are pendants, rings,
earrings, and head ornaments! Read more about
each item in detail only in Times Magazine
today.

Pendants

Pendants are seen being worn with

long gold chains and are carved to

perfection. Show off your next

pendant for a lavish appearance.
 

Rings

Rings are a perfect way to spice up Earrings
your love life! Engaged women wear
these as a token for love and are even Earrings have made a comeback since
seen wearing five at a time for lavish the Middle Ages! These long and
looks. On the market, rubies are fairly elegant earrings are seen being worn
popular and trendy right now! hanging from the ear or pierced
through them. Much different than the
  olden days, these new and upcoming
earrings are bedazzled with expensive
jewels and plated with gold for an
elegant and extravagant look.

 Head Ornaments:

Head ornaments are another piece
which can spice up your everyday
look. Often seen on nobles, these head
ornaments perfectly complement the
trendy half-up and down look. With
the classy appearance of a single gem,
eyes are instantly drawn to this piece.

TIMES MAGAZINE  

TIMES MAGAZINE

THE LIFE OF
PEASANTS

This is an Italian painting done by Mantegna shows the Court of Gonzaga. One

can truly see what rolls different social classes play during the court sessions. Painting by Andrea Mantegna

The higher-class people are on the chairs in very outstanding garments. The (Italian, 1431-1506)

lower-class are serving the higher-class. All the lower-class people are wearing
Dependence onless intricate and more simple garments. They are working hard in their jobs to
ensure that the high-class are able to succeed in their work.

Investors for Jobs-Italy 1465-1474

The Peasants Movement Manufacturing and trade organizations
Across Europe are going through a considerable change.

Owners and investors of businesses are

Peasants are being given the ability to move freely across Europe and to rent taking charge and are making most of the
farmland. This has caused a decline of manual labour of peasants. Most of decisions instead of the guilds. The
the desired land is already being farmed on; therefore, there is a shortage of investors are being given a lot of
political power and they are using it for
European land. Due to this shortage of land, a lot of peasants are moving
from the big cities to more urban areas. They are searching for less populated their own advantage. They use their
towns and cities, as well as for jobs. Wool is becoming a very desired good, power to advance their business interests,
this is encouraging the higher class to hire pastures to heard sheep. The sheep even if it harms their workers. This is
herding takes up a lot of land, leading to less land for the peasants to rent. becoming very harmful for the laborers
This makes it more difficult for them to access many areas of land that used who work in the wool industry as they
depend on the investors for their jobs.
to be accessible to them when they were able to move less freely.

TIMES MAGAZINE

The Economy's Grow
th Trade Goods

Economic Growth There is a vast range of textile products that are
being traded during in this time and each country
There is a tremendous amount of economical growth that Europe is in Europe is known for different ones. Italy has a
going through at the moment. They are excelling in the trading industry, very big arts and crafts industry; therefore, they are
which are taking place domestically and globally. There are two reasons the center of trade for paintings, woodcarvings,
why Europe is having such success with their growth. The first is due to sculptures, and glasswork. In the textiles industry,
an increase of commercial activity that is taking place. There is a huge they are known for making great quality silk and
population growth, major banking improvements, many trade route woolen fabrics, which are traded all across Europe.
expansions, and new manufacturing systems that are being put in place. England exports their raw wool; this takes part in
The second is a change in the political system. The commencement of why they have such a strong woolen cloth market.
capitalism has begun, making their old system of feudalism cease to This puts them in competition with the
exist. This change is having a great effect in the European society, as it Netherlands for woolen cloth in the market. With
is creating a new demand for the population to adapt to new ways or the Netherlands’ great success in this market, they
working and doing business. help with the banking industry’s development,
which puts them ahead of England in the woolen
Banking Industry cloth trade. France has a very strong market for
linen cloth, they trade the cloth to England and
The banking industry has grown tremendously during these times; this Spain. The Spanish dominate in craft trades. The
allows them to provide a greater variety of financial services to products include leather and metalwork. They
merchants, which has made is much easier for them to engage in more process the leather and make fabrics from what is
business while travelling and being away from home. Some merchants processed.
have even taken on the challenge of becoming bankers, as well as
conducting their businesses. They provide loans, money exchanges, and Banking 1500s
fund transfers to various locations across Europe. The loans have had
and still have a great importance in the economy’s growth, as without
them a lot of merchants would not have been able to create their trading
enterprises. The introduction of bills of exchange have been put in place
by banks. This allows merchants to borrow or deposit money in one
city, then repay or withdraw money in another city. This has reduced
the inconvenience and risk that carrying coins brought while conducting
money transfers.

Growth of the Economy Portrait of a Prelateca. 1580

Over the continuous change that is happening in the economy, the
society is proving once again that they have a tremendous skill in
adapting to the ongoing changes. Venice has lost their leading roll of
Asian spice trades, but they have grown from that and became the
leading printing center in Europe. Over time Venice went through a
decline in this industry, therefore Paris took over. They took on the job
of becoming the printing capital in Europe and they are dominating in
this industry.

Renaissance Film 21

Inspired by modern-day wear, the new film "Assassin's
Creed Lineage" embodies trends in clothing seen today.

Noble Class Dress Seen In Film!

Costumes found in the new film "Assassin's Creed https://youtu.be/vcE8xJkK6t4
Lineage" portray an accurate representation of the noble
class dress. Colours like red, purple and blue are shown Working link of the copy
on fabrics like velvet, satin and silk to reveal the wealth of provided above!
the fictional characters. Also, gold and silver trims are

seen around the neck which are trends seen within the
noble class society today. Another point that is often seen
within the highest of the noble class is pleated collars.
These represent wealth and are seen specifically on males.
The film gives a better understanding of how Aristocats
dress and can act as a form of inspiration for citizens of
our community today!

TIMES MAGAZINE

FILM 

REFERENCES

A Brief History of Renaissance Jewelry. (2021). Retrieved 25 October 2021, from
https://store.museumofjewelry.com/blogs/news/the-history-of-renaissance-jewelry

A&E Networks Television. (2021, April 27). Petrarch. Biography.com. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from
https://www.biography.com/scholar/petrarch

Currie, E. (2017). Fashion and masculinity in Renaissance florence. ProQuest Ebook Central
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

Elizabeth I: fashion and beauty. (n.d.). Royal Museums Greenwich. Retrieved October 23, 2021, from
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/elizabeth-i-fashion-beauty

Emperor Charles V (1500–58). Retrieved October 23, 2021, from
https://www.rct.uk/collection/403439/emperor-charles-v-1500-58

Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 22, 2021, from
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldassare-Castiglione

Flemish School. (ca. 1514, Winter). Flemish School (c. 1515) - Emperor Charles V (1500–58).

History.com Editors. (2018, April 4). Renaissance. History.com. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance

Jamieson, Lee. (2020, August 26). The Influence of the Renaissance in Shakespeare's Work. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-shakespeares-time-2984986

Metmuseum.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2021, from
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/velv/hd_velv.htm

Metmuseum.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2021, from https://www.metmuseum.org/search-
results#!/search?q=spanish%20embroidery

Musket | Definition & Facts. (2021). Retrieved 25 October 2021, from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/musket

Pettegree, A. (2010). The book in the renaissance. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com

The Renaissance. Renaissance | National Air and Space Museum. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2021, from
https://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/exploring-the-planets/online/discovery/renaissance.cfm
The mona lisa - by Leonardo da Vinci. 10 Secrets of The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. (n.d.). Retrieved
October 25, 2021, from https://www.leonardodavinci.net/the-mona-lisa.jsp
Rublack, U. (2012). Dressing Up: Cultural Identity in Renaissance Europe (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.

Schmalkaldic Articles | Description, Martin Luther, Reformation, History, & Facts. (2021, September 8).
Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 23, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Schmalkaldic-
Articles

Victoria and Albert Museum, O. M. (2013, January 31). Clothing and jewellery. Renaissance women's
clothing. Retrieved October 25, 2021, from http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/r/clothing-and-jewellery/