CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT COMPETITION (CENPRO 22) EXTENDED ABSTRACTs e-Book

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT COMPETITION (CENPRO 22) EXTENDED ABSTRACTs e-Book Global Sustainability Towards Future Development

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT COMPETITION (CENPRO 22) EXTENDED ABSTRACTs e-Book Politeknik Mukah Sarawak 2024 i

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development No Title Page 1 Title page i 2 Table of Contents ii 3 Copyright Page iii 4 Editorial Board iv 5 Foreword: Director Of Politeknik Mukah v 6 Ebook Abstract vi 7 List of Industry Evaluation Panels vii 8 List of Product Category viii 9 List of Research Category xii Product Category Extended Abstracts 10 CP01_Merekabentuk 'Sprayer Paint Brush' Dari Bahan Kitar Semula 1 11 CP03_Curb Hole Celaner 3 12 CP05_Mackintosh Probe Aid 5 13 CP06_Easy Hand Auger 7 14 CP07_EZ IBS House Kit 9 15 CP08_Brick Bond Tools 11 16 CP09_Mini Manual Piling 13 17 CP10_Serat Buluh Sebagai Bahan Tambahan Paving Block 15 18 CP11_Menghasilkan Papan Komposit Dari Tempurung Dan Sabut Kelapa 17 19 CP12_Kajian Penghasilan Cafcoal Brick Dari Serpihan Arang Batu Bagi Binaan Lanskap Kejur 19 20 CP13_Pembancuh Mortar Mudah Alih 21 21 CP14_Penyodok Serbaguna Mudah Alih 23 22 CP15_Portable Manual Water Hand Pump 25 23 CP16_Portable Incinerator 27 24 CP17_Adjustable Speed Belt Sander 29 25 CP18_Heat Reduction System For Guard House 31 26 CP19_Jubin Simen DBKS 33 27 CP22_Rainwater Harvesting For Domestic Purposes 35 28 CP23_Keberkesanan Model Struktur Segi Empat Untuk Mengurangkan Halaju Pada Saluran Terbuka 37 Research Category Extended Abstracts 29 CP02_Mengkaji Masalah Perpaipan Dan Kualiti Air Di Blok A Politeknik Mukah 39 30 References 41 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development PENGISYTIHARAN HAK CIPTA Copyright © 2024 Politeknik Mukah All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright and permission should be obtained from publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or likewise. Published By: POLITEKNIK MUKAH KM 7.5, JALAN OYA, 96400 MUKAH, SARAWAK Tel: +6084-874001 Fax : +6084-874005 Website: http: //www.pmu.edu.my Printed By: POLITEKNIK MUKAH KM 7.5, JALAN OYA, 96400 MUKAH, SARAWAK iii Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of Malaysia eISBN 978-967-2097-88-4

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development EDITORIAL BOARD Patron Hisamudin Bin Mohd Tamim Director of Politeknik Mukah Advisory Committee I Iskandar Bin Reduan Deputy Director of Academics Politeknik Mukah Advisory Committee II Sophian Bin Sout Deputy Director of Academic Support Politeknik Mukah Ts. Mohammad Fadzli Bin Jawawi Head of Civil Engineering Department Nik Nur Dina Binti Nik Azmi Head of DKA Programme Chief editor Ts. Siti Zuraifa Binti Md Sah Editorial Team Ahmad Shahril Bin Mohammad Shahudin Canarisa Nipi Anak Ah Lian Lilyana Anak Jelai Authors/Contributions of writing materials Competition Participants (Students of semester 5 who take the Course DCC50194 Final Year Project 2) and Supervisor Nik Nur Dina Binti Nik Azmi Masalinda Binti Mansor Ts. Rahim Bin Ishak Ts. Juhaidie Zamani Bin Jamaludin Siti Hawa Binti Kadir Ts. Siti Zuraifa Binti Md Sah Rahayu Binti Ali Ahmad Shahril Bin Mohamad Shahudin Norsida Binti Morsidi Johari Bin Kusai Ts. Lim Che Chien Canarisa Nipi Anak Ah Lian Mohd Rizal Bin Khatib Norini Binti Shamsudin Norhafizah Binti Ismail Ts. Mohd Fahmi Bin Abd Razak Teresa Susila Anak James Lilyana Anak Jelai Sr. Mohd Kusyairi Bin Ariffin iv

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Greetings, Thanks to Allah for HIS blessings making this Civil Engineering Project Competition (CENPRO 22) with themed ‘New norms with new ideas’ a successful. CENPRO 22 that organized by Department of Civil Engineering is a competition that aims to improve information sharing practices as well as disseminate new knowledge among students and lecturers in Department of Civil Engineering at Politeknik Mukah. Apart from that, the competition is also committed to disseminating new findings in research and product development. By following this program, Diploma in Civil Engineering students who follow the course DCC50194 / Final Year Project 2 can exhibit projects that have been produced to be evaluated by a competition panel consisting of experts from the industry who are qualified in civil engineering. In addition, this program can produce innovative and more confident students. One of the methods of collaboration that can be carried out with the industry is to involve them directly in the teaching and learning process as educators. When individuals with extensive experience and high knowledge in a related field of work give lectures or talks, students can indirectly be exposed to the realities that occur in the industry or the world of work. I am convinced that research requires meticulous attention, commitment and discipline to ensure quality of results and findings gained met the standards. For that efforts, I congratulate the researchers and presenters involved. Thus, CENPRO 22 serves as platforms for brilliant researchers to showcase the new findings with academicians and students. This CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT COMPETITION (CENPRO 22) EXTENDED ABSTRACTs e-Book aims to provide an integrated reference student guide improve information sharing practices as well as disseminate new knowledge among students and lecturers in Department of Civil Engineering. Here for your reference, I encourage you to read it thoroughly so you will be well-prepared for your time here. In conclusion, I hope this abstract ebook could be the shifting point for these brilliant researchers to give more impacts in the future Research and Development (R&D) fields. Thank you, Warmest regards, Hisamudin Bin Mohd Tamim Director of Politeknik Mukah FOREWORD Director of Politeknik Mukah v

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development The "CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT COMPETITION (CENPRO 22) EXTENDED ABSTRACTS e-Book" serves as a valuable resource for students and lecturers in the Department of Civil Engineering at Politeknik Mukah. The competition, CENPRO 22, organized by the Department of Civil Engineering, appears to be an innovative platform aimed at improving information sharing and disseminating new knowledge within the academic community. The process of creating abstracts for the competition, compiling them into an e-book, and encouraging thorough reading indicates a commitment to fostering a culture of research and development (R&D) within the civil engineering field. The ebook seems to be a crucial reference material, providing guidance and examples for selecting project titles and preparing for the DCC50194 Final Year Project 2 course. The emphasis on encouraging researchers and highlighting the potential impact of their work in future R&D fields suggests a forward-thinking approach to education and research within the Department of Civil Engineering. Overall, it appears that the abstract book serves as a catalyst for fostering excellence and innovation among students in the civil engineering. Keywords: abstract eBook, civil engineering, innovation project eBook ABSTRACT vi

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development NO PANEL NAME POSITIONS AND INSTITUTIONS 1 ADZAHARI BIN BAINI JURUTERA AIR BAHAGIAN, JABATAN BEKALAN AIR LUAR BANDAR BAHAGIAN SAMARAHAN 2 ENCIK BURHANNUDIN BIN SUAI PENOLONG PEGAWAI KAWALAN ALAM SEKITAR, NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT BOARD SARAWAK 3 HAJI AWANG DASUKI BIN AWANG DOL JURUTERA BAHAGIAN, PEJABAT JKR BAHAGIAN MUKAH 4 PUAN RADZIAH BINTI YUSUF PEGAWAI KAWALAN ALAM SEKITAR KANAN, NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT BOARD SARAWAK 5 WROHAYU BINTI OTHMAN JURUTERA BAHAGIAN, JKR BAHAGIAN BINTULU 6 Ts. JUHAIDIE ZAMANI BIN JAMALUDIN PENSYARAH JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM 7 JOHARI BIN KUSAI PENSYARAH JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM 8 Ts. LIM CHE CHIEN PENSYARAH JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM 9 Ts. MOHD FAHMI BIN ABD RAZAK PENSYARAH JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM LIST OF EVALUATION PANELS vii

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development CODE COMPETITION PARTICIPANT TITLE/ACHIEVEMENT URL CP01 SITI HAWA BINTI KADIR, AMYLIA CHERIDA ANAK ROBERT DEADRE SADAI ANAK JANTING JENNY TRISH PARIL MEREKABENTUK 'SPRAYER PAINT BRUSH' DARI BAHAN KITAR SEMULA https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 RKFKD3h3ljsZDFW eblsCX96OWXRZ4 m54?usp=sharing CP03 JUHAIDIE ZAMANI BIN JAMALUDIN, ANTONIA REBECCA BINTI ANTHONY MATHESCANNEN ANAK MATHEW NUR FAIEZA FUZANNIE BINTI HAMDAN TAHIR CURB HOLE CLEANER https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 EivzYqKoNP9U1TWX Em66Cgew1CblsvR?usp=s haring CP04 SANSMASTRI BINTI SANUSI, CAROLINE UNTIE ANAK PUSO LOUIS ALONG RODY VIVIANIE ANNIE ANAK DAVID REVOLUTION CLEANER CP05 MOHAMMED AZMI BIN LADI MOHAMMAD NURKHAIR FADLY BIN JOHARI NUR MAISARAH HAZWANI BINTI HARDY RAMJA SEBASTIAN JOE LUTA ANAK BENJAMIN MACKINTOSH PROBE AID https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 FGL4iPbMB6V3j7TAnMS6RpyLCuTNgY?usp=sharing CP06 CANARISA NIPI ANAK AH LIAN, AARON GARCIA GORDON MOHAMMAD HAZIQ HAIQAL BIN ZAIFULRIZAM MUHAMMAD ZAHIRUDDIN BIN MOHD ZAMANI EASY HAND AUGER (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google .com/drive/folders/ 1ba6nmLvvq16_KUytL1AruC1D U94SZ1T?usp=shar ing CP07 NORSIDA BINTI MORSIDI MOHAMAD ADIPUTERA MAZALIN NUR FARAH IRDINA BINTI AFFANDIE NURUL HAFIZAH BINTI PATI KAMIL EZ IBS HOUSE KIT (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google .com/drive/folders/ 1a4OBzY5a6zlasCN Pc9pbWi8DZ7j33y Oo?usp=sharing LIST OF PRODUCT CATEGORY viii

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development CODE COMPETITION PARTICIPANT TITLE/ACHIEVEMENT URL CP08 NIK NUR DINA BINTI NIK AZMI CHRISTLEY JAMPI AK ROBIN JASON RYAN KONG NURUL AFIQAH BINTI ZOOL FADZLI BRICK BOND TOOLS (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 8zA-WjsB2fo9- h7r27qclyVbMGK8x oVa?usp=sharing CP09 MOHD RIZAL BIN KHATIB JONATHAN DAVIS ANAK MATHEW ENTILI MOHD ADIB HASIF BIN JAPAR PATRICIA JOANNE ALBERT MINI MANUAL PILING (GOLD MEDAL) 2ND PLACE PRODUCT https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 N7STfKVxotqs4LBEx lkcS1TkQGjlrQfW?us p=sharing CP10 Ts. RAHIM BIN ISHAK HARITH DANIAL BIN MALEK REDZUAN IFFAH SYAHIRRA BINTI SAJALI PATRICK LING SHU HAN SERAT BULUH SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAHAN PAVING BLOCK (BRONZE MEDAL) 1ND POSTER https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 K7jyINvFcfdMaywko VtUmDVOWCRVcmU W?usp=sharing CP11 MAZLIN WELLINGTON @MAGDELINE SINJAR AMYLIA SARI BINTI SALLEH NUR AMEELYA MAISARAH BINTI ADENAN ZARITH SOPHIA BINTI KAMARUDIN MENGHASILKAN PAPAN KOMPOSIT DARI TEMPURUNG DAN SABUT KELAPA (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 Wpyu_8prN1Lz_9R qtZwY9X5yRGzZyiIo ?usp=sharing CP12 Ts. JUHAIDIE ZAMANI BIN JAMALUDIN CLAUDIA LIKA ANAK TAGONG DIANA ANAK BENJAMIN FRANCIS ANAK ANGON KAJIAN PENGHASILAN CAFCOAL BRICK DARI SERPIHAN ARANG BATU BAGI BINAAN LANSKAP KEJUR (SILVER MEDAL) https://drive.google .com/drive/folders/ 1WOxL1oZIIwwfz2y A_gLaJC0FVALhFvU 9?usp=sharing CP13 LILYANA ANAK JELAI FELLANESA PEREIRA ANAK BUMA NEILSON NOEL ANAK NGADAN RAUL RENS RENIU PEMBANCUH MORTAR MUDAH ALIH (SILVER MEDAL) https://drive.google .com/drive/folders/ 1yDlumTX0bYN7jm gOHNwLqli30NkLt WwH?usp=sharing LIST OF PRODUCT CATEGORY ix

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development CODE COMPETITION PARTICIPANT TITLE/ACHIEVEMENT URL CP14 MOHD KUSYAIRI BIN ARIFFIN LIZA ANAK KALOI NUR MAISYARA BINTI MOHAMAD SARDI PENYODOK SERBAGUNA MUDAH ALIH (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 3ajmYANicrgvD2pkt vKAIKkM19II43z?usp=s haring CP15 NORINI BINTI SHAMSUDIN GLORIA IMANNUEL MOHAMMAD ARIFFIN BIN ABDUL AZIZ SYAZA IRDINA BINTI HALEED PORTABLE MANUAL WATER HAND PUMP (SILVER MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 vlXxGoWh9xAGpoVv5P7CkbW8pPs sK-l?usp=sharing CP16 MASALINDA BINTI MANSOR BRANDON ANAK MASERY JOSSEY JOYNNA CRIA ANAK DANGGANG NEHEMIA BALANG TAGAL PORTABLE INCINERATOR (GOLD MEDAL) 2ND POSTER https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 8c9LLzvVQvVqC9z4 yvuIqMPkh8- bpEnG?usp=sharing CP17 JOHARI BIN KUSAI AKMAR REZZA BIN JOHARI ASH ASYARI BIN HARUN DARWIN CARLTON ANAK BINDAM ADJUSTABLE SPEED BELT SANDER (GOLD MEDAL) 1ST PLACE PRODUCT https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 3uNGiym77B7SHkD _t_BNT5Htmmbt90 1P?usp=sharing CP18 Ts. LIM CHE CHIEN AARON WALTER IVY NAISHA BINTI SAIFU RACHEL GIFFENY ANAK FIDELIS RINGGO HEAT REDUCTION SYSTEM FOR GUARD HOUSE (GOLD MEDAL) https://drive.google .com/drive/folders/ 1uL64LRNjObO24u gsuE2zqzxUm4BsK 0jA?usp=sharing CP19 NORHAFIZAH BINTI ISMAIL ALICE ANAK BERUJAN ELYANA ANAK MING FRANCISCA UYU ANAK BUJANG JUBIN SIMEN DBKS (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google .com/drive/folders/ 1SJGbOHK3opDuH pVPO3tLlBxcLjcOXy YC?usp=sharing LIST OF PRODUCT CATEGORY x

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development CODE COMPETITION PARTICIPANT TITLE/ACHIEVEMENT URL CP20 Ts. RAHIM BIN ISHAK ELSA NABILLA BINTI JIMMY MELVINA NIUT ANAK USUP MUHAMAD AQIF IZZAN BIN TIMI ECO-FRIENDLY ROAD ROLLING SWEEPER (SILVER MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 N8vBoF3MEK9WtOqzndDg4HgZKPC8hU ?usp=sharing CP21 RAHAYU BINTI ALI, ABDUL RAZIQ AFNAN BIN LIJAM MACRINA VIOLET SHEEMA ANAK PAUL MUHAMMAD IQMAL SAFWAN BIN ABDUL RAHIM ROMEO RAY BIN BONIFACE BUJANG BATU PEMIJAK ECOFRIENDLY (SILVER MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 x50KF0FusywtySMO TL5u_fGvLHAn2VM 3?usp=sharing CP22 Ts. SITI ZURAIFA BINTI MD SAH, DEVRA MENTI ANAK DENIS WALKER MUHAMMAD ANIQ AZRI BIN ABDUL AZZISS ZEE SAVASTIAN BIN LAISEH RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES (GOLD MEDAL) 3RD PLACE PRODUCT 3RD POSTER https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 EWYW9ZsBwNBteyWxIJDDKBB 8rUbwICN?usp=shar ing CP23 MOHD FAHMI BIN ABD RAZAK DINES MADIL ANAK EMPALI GREGORY ANAK BADI WISLEY GARIT ANAK BUNYAU KEBERKESANAN MODEL STRUKTUR SEGI EMPAT UNTUK MENGURANGKAN HALAJU PADA SALURAN TERBUKA (BRONZE MEDAL) https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 GWeGX4RQ9MzPEn 7weIMxzXDh2qpI2e Js?usp=sharing LIST OF PRODUCT CATEGORY xi

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development LIST OF RESEARCH CATEGORY CODE COMPETITION PARTICIPANT TITLE/ACHIEVEMENT URL CP02 AHMAD SHAHRIL BIN MOHAMAD SHAHUDIN, NATHANEL SALO LISUT MENGKAJI MASALAH PERPAIPAN DAN KUALITI AIR DI BLOK A ASRAMA LELAKI POLITEKNIK MUKAH 1ST PLACE PRODUCT https://drive.google. com/drive/folders/1 HiEBO8byxhqFH0AJSzrPp3AGzptK 4FA?usp=sharing xii

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Merekabentuk 'Sprayer Paint Brush' Dari Bahan Kitar Semula Siti Hawa Binti Kadir1,* , Amylia Cherida Anak Robert2 , Deadre Sadai Anak Janting3 and Jenny Trish Paril4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract A paint brush is a type of tool that consists of fiber, wool, or synthetic material that is tied to a handle used for painting. The objective of the study is to identify materials for designing Sprayer Paint Brush using recycled materials, designing "Sprayer Paint Brush" and studying the effectiveness of Sprayer Paint Brush design. The research methodology is to identify recycled materials such as mineral bottles and drip line hoses to be used to design the Sprayer Paint Brush. Next, in order to study the effectiveness of the Sprayer Paint Brush design, the use of a questionnaire was distributed to the respondents, a total of 18 people. The findings for objective 1 have found that Sprayer Paint Brush can be designed using recycled materials such as used mineral bottles and drip line hose. As for the findings of objective 2, it includes the work steps in the production of the 'Sprayer Paint Brush' product. The achievement of objective 3 was achieved through the results of product testing, the results of questionnaires and interviews from respondents. In conclusion, spray paint is very easy to use but not suitable for all jobs and locations. For this problem and also support for environmental activities, the idea to design "Sprayer Paint Brush" was made. The product design is made by combining paint brushes with other materials from recycled materials such as drink bottles, waste hose dripline and others. The "Sprayer Paint Brush" produced can help overcome the problem of paint storage and painting work for small maintenance because with its use, waste, paint storage and the complexity of painting for small quantities Keywords: - paint brush, recycled material, effectiveness PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT CP01 1 Methodology Introduction The "Sprayer Paint Brush" project addresses challenges in the painting industry, specifically the inefficiency of traditional paint brushes. These brushes are slow, energy-consuming, and wasteful of resources. To overcome these issues, this project introduces an innovative tool that combines the effectiveness of brushes with the convenience of spray painting. By using recycled materials, the project not only offers a more efficient alternative but also promotes environmental sustainability. The "Sprayer Paint Brush" aims to enhance productivity in the painting process, providing a simple and userfriendly solution. Study Objectives: The research aims to solve problems and significantly improve traditional painting tools. To achieve this goal, the objectives include: - To Identify materials for designing the "Sprayer Paint Brush" using recycled materials. - To design the "Sprayer Paint Brush" to enhance painting efficiency. Figure 1 : Flowchart

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Results and Discussion Based on the findings of this study, 100% of respondents agreed that this sprayer paint brush provides clear benefits in painting compared to conversion methods. A total of 66.7% said that these tools are very efficient. 100 % Respondents are also interested in using these tools if they are available and believe that these tools have the potential to reduce costs and waste in the painting process Conclusion The "Sprayer Paint Brush" project successfully achieved its main goal of creating an efficient and innovative painting tool. Designing and making these tools involved a thorough understanding of user needs and challenges in the traditional painting industry. By using recycled materials, the project emphasizes a commitment to environmental sustainability. The "Sprayer Paint Brush" not only offers a more efficient alternative to regular paint brushes but also reduces resource waste and has a positive impact on the environment. Test results and effectiveness studies indicate that the "Sprayer Paint Brush" enhances productivity, solves issues like quick drying, and provides user comfort. Positive feedback from users confirms the success of the Acknowledgment We express gratitude to God for blessings and guidance during this study. We appreciate the support from everyone involved in the "Sprayer Paint Brush" project. Special thanks to Mrs. Siti Hawa Binti Kadir, my supervisor, for valuable guidance. We also acknowledge the respondents and users for their helpful feedback, crucial in evaluating the tool's effectiveness. Lastly, heartfelt thanks to my family and friends for consistent support. This recognition is sincere, and we hope the "Sprayer Paint Brush" positively impacts the painting industry and environmental sustainability. References 1. Smith, J. K., & Brown, A. L. (2017). "Improving Speed and Efficiency in Painting: A Review of Conventional Brush Application." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Coating, 5(2), 78-89. 2. Hedge, A. (2016). "Fundamentals of Ergonomics." CRC Press. 3. Lackner, M., & Kirchler, M. (2014). "Evaluating the impact of packaging design on consumer perception: A conjoint approach." Food Quality and Preference, 38, 1-12. 2 Figure 2 : Questionnaire feedback

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Curb Hole Cleaner Juhaidie Zamani Bin Jamaludin1,*, Nur Faieza Fuzannie Binti Hamdan Tahir2 , Mathescannen Anak Mathew3 and Antonia Rebecca Binti Anthony4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract According to recent research, the practice of caring for the environment is less practiced and prolonged among the community. Therefore, this study has proven that garbage that clogs curb holes is one of the causes of stagnant water on the road and is likely to cause flash floods that can lead to road accidents. The portable curb hole cleaning tool is designed to facilitate a faster and more systematic process of litter collection and curb hole cleaning. This study was carried out by using google form, observation of 14 people who work contact cleaning and staff of the (UPPF) who were randomly selected. As a result of the research from google form, we found that the garbage that is often found in the curb hole channel is dry leaves and garbage. We also found that there was a thin layer of grass sticking up around the curb hole that was blocking water flow. From this research, we also found that the time to clean the curb hole channel can be reduced by using this product. Some specific parties suggested us to improve the design and system of this product. This Innovation of Curb Hole is designed to clean the channel of the curb hole and can prevent clogging and at the same time can launch the flow of water to the drain or ditch. It can also reduce property damage caused by flash floods that can affect economic and social growth. This product can also reduce the use of manpower which invites safety and health risks when cleaning curb holes Keywords: - environment, curb holes, clog, cleaning CP03 3 Methodology Introduction Curb holes or better known as drainage holes are holes made on every side of the road and come in various sizes. This hole is made for the purpose of draining the water found on the surface of the road to a large drain near the road. However, there will be a problem for road users that water will not be able to flow into the water channel hole when the hole is clogged with discarded garbage, plant roots and accumulation of sediment as well as silt and sand causing water to stagnate on the surface of the road. Therefore, Curb Hole Cleaner was created to deal with the problem. This Curb Hole Cleaner product has two functions, which is to pull garbage and materials found in the drain hole and wash or clean the drain hole. This Curb Hole Cleaner product is created using a cordless drill that works to rotate the brass rod connected to the nozzle of the chuck head, while the coir brush is connected to the end of the brass rod and will be tied using a hose clip and cable tie. Figure 3 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion The study involved selecting 37.5% of UPFF staff and 54.2% of Cleaning Contract Workers as users of the curb hole cleaner, with the remaining 8.3% randomly selected. Regarding work experience, the majority had 1 to 5 years of experience. In terms of the time taken to wash the curb hole cleaner, 41.7% reported that it took only 1 to 5 minutes. The response "YES" depended on the garbage density at each curb hole cleaner. All respondents (100%) stated that the curb hole cleaner is more effective compared to manual methods, indicating the achievement of its objective. This tool benefits cleaning staff and UPFF by facilitating curb hole cleaner cleaning work at Mukah Polytechnic. To test the speed of the curb hole cleaner, staff were given time to assess its performance. About 33.3% mentioned that the tool could wash 10 holes in 5 minutes. The response "YES" (53%) reflected considerations related to the type and quantity of garbage in the curb hole. A total of 91.7% of respondents agreed that the curb hole cleaner helped them a lot in the long term. This is to prove that this tool is believed to be able to help them. As a result of the data, it can be proven that it achieved the objectiveproduct. Curb Hole Cleaner is able to facilitate cleaning contract workers and the UPFF in doing curb hole cleaning work in a fast and effective time. Conclusion As a result of the Innovation of curb hole cleaner project that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the innovation of curb hole cleaner has achieved the objective of the study which is to build a curb hole cleaner product that can save time and even be ergonomic, test the effectiveness of the product to clean curb holes and test the time clearing this kerb hole. Next, after conducting a survey, it turns out that this curb hole cleaning product is able to satisfy a number of people who have tried this project. We hope that this tool will be able to facilitate the needy community. Acknowledgment We are grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharian.com.my%2Fberita% 2Fnasional%2F2022%2F05%2F959237%2Fanggot a-polis-dbkl-bersihkanlongkangtersumbat&usg=AOvVaw35XpuFDFGHR133 iOW7nvN1 ( 25 MAC 2023, 7.17 PAGI ) https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2 F%2Fwww.erabaru.com.my%2F2022%2F01%2F13 %2Fjalan-raya-sesak-kerana-air-mulai-naik-polistrafikini-terus-singsing-lengan-baju-untuk-bersihkansalurantersumbat%2F&psig=AOvVaw1DNKqvelXOgC S1ieqF7gcg&ust=1679811438447000&source=ima ges&cd=vfe&ved=0CA4QjhxqFwoTCOCll7a39v0CFQ AAAAAdAAAAABAI ( 25 MAC 2023,7.17 PAGI ) 4 Figure 4 : Curb Hole Cleaner

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Mackintosh Probe Aid Mohammed Azmi Bin Ladi1,*, Sebastian Joe Luta Anak Benjamin2 , Nur Maisarah Hazwani Binti Hardy Ramja3 and Mohammad Nurkhair Fadly Bin Johari4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The study aims to meet the needs of users by creating and designing Mackintosh aids that are ergonomic compared to tools Mackintosh Probe manual available at Politeknik Mukah. The level of technology and creativity of manual tools for conducting existing Mackintosh tests is also studied so that appropriate type and system analysis can be applied to attract user interest. In addition, the study is carried out by studying the appropriate mechanism that can meet the desired aspects. Overall, that the use of Mackintosh Probe AID has implemented to overcome the problems faced by users. Therefore, this can be seen from the results of the study that we have obtained through the tests that have been carried out. Data the average usage time of Mackintosh Probe AID is faster which is 4.78 minutes compared to using the manual method which is 6.46. Mackintosh Probe AID innovation product, which integrating the Mackintosh Probe assistive device, has significant potential in providing significant impact to users and the industry as a whole. By its unique ability to accurately measure and analyze data, aided by its user-friendly appearance and high usability, this product provides the means effective and efficient for research and analysis needs. Keywords: - mackintosh probe, aid, device, innovation CP05 5 Methodology Introduction Lately there have been problems detected in conducting geotechnical workshop activities. Among them, is due to the issue of the weight of the tools used. Therefore, we decided to create a simple and user-friendly tool. This machine was created to help students or any other user in overcoming issues that arise in carrying out workshop activities, namely 'Macintosh Prob'. The project we created is called 'Mackintosh Probe Aid'. The tool we created aims to facilitate the work of determining the type of soil more easily and more accurately. Thus, this tool can support in ensuring the type of soil density. The project we run can meet the latest market. For example, on the design we created. We are confident that this project can be marketed. We are also confident that this project will bring good elements to users. This project is carried out with its own functionality and goals such as speeding up the implementation process of the mackintosh probe workshop. Figure 5 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion The results of the test data without using the Mackintosh Probe AID show that the highest number of shocks was in test 1 which was 191 shocks while the time recorded was 1.58 minutes. Next is the average total of the three tests is 372 hits and the average time is 6.46 minutes. Table 1 : Result for testing without using Mackintosh Probe AID The results of test data using Mackintosh Probe AID show that the highest number of shocks was in test 1 which was 104 shocks at a depth of 0.9 meters while the time recorded was 1.02 minutes. Next is the average total of the three tests is 229 hits and the average time is 4.78 minutes. Table 2 : Result for testing using Mackintosh Probe AID Conclusion Overall, that the use of Mackintosh Probe AID that has been implemented can overcome the problems faced by users. Therefore, this can be seen from the results of the study that we have obtained through the tests that have been carried out. The average time using Mackintosh Probe AID is faster which is 4.78 minutes compared to using the manual method which is 6.46. Acknowledgment Special thanks go to our colleagues and classmates who offered their assistance and shared their insights, contributing significantly to the project's development. References Lade, P. V., Yamamuro, J. A., & Bopp, P. A. (1996). Significance of Particle Crushing in Granular Materials. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 122(4), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9410(1996)122:4(309) Fakher, A., Khodaparast, M., & Jones, C. J. F. P. (2006). The use of the Mackintosh Probe for site investigation in soft soils. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 39(2), 189– 196. https://doi.org/10.1144/1470-9236-05-039 Youventharan, D., Rokiah, O., & Mohd Arif, S. (2021). The effects of particle breakage and shape on the strength parameters of sandy soil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 682(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/682/1/012021 6 Figure 6 : Mackintosh Probe Aid

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Easy Hand Auger Canarisa Nipi Anak Ah Lian1,*, Aaron Garcia Gordon2 , Mohammad Haziq Haiqal Bin Zaifulrizam3 , Muhammad Zahiruddin Bin Mohd Zamani4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This project was initially created for the purpose of facilitating the 3RD Semester Civil Engineering students when handling the Hand Auger Method test for Geotechnical Engineering. This project was also innovated by making some additions to the conventional tool to reduce the complexity when running the Hand Auger Method test. Based on our observation during running the Hand Auger Method test, we found that there was a major problem that occurred when the students were handling the Hand Auger Method. The problems we detected when running the Hand Auger Test is the excessive consumption of time taken during the process of boring the soil by just using the conventional hand auger and we also recognized that conventional hand auger is too light and cannot supply enough force to dig the soil. In relation to the name of our project innovation, we decided to improvise the hand auger tool by adding a device to the hand auger which acts as a weight. Our innovation can add more force to the hand auger to ease the excavating process. To keep it simple, it is to ensure that the boring process is taking a short period of time. The results from this innovation will demonstrate that by adding our Easy Hand Auger device will overcome the problem that is faced during the Hand Auger Test by comparing the time taken for the conventional hand auger without the addition of our Easy Hand Auger and with the help of Easy Hand Auger to finish the excavation process within the depth set in the procedure for Hand Auger Method Test. Keywords: - time efficiency, innovation results, comparison, procedure, Hand Auger Method Test. CP06 7 Methodology Introduction Geotechnical engineering is a field of civil engineering that includes natural materials found close to the surface of the earth. It involves the implementation of the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to design the foundations, retaining structures and earth structure. (Principle of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021). The Hand Auger Method is a simple method to calculate underground soil characteristics. This allows us to precisely measure depths to soil skyline and to find out the depth of the ground water table. Based on British Standard 5930-1999, hand auger method is one of the methods that is used in shallow investigations above the water table besides excavation. Also, it was mentioned that the depth could reach up to 5 meters deep. This project innovation was created from a problem that is faced by civil engineering students when running the Hand Auger Method at the site. This project innovation was given the name “EASY HAND AUGER” where it can facilitate and help the problem encountered. Figure 7 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion From the average time we can get the percentage of effectiveness based on the time taken for all conditions. As shown in Table 4.3.1.1, average time in minutes for conventional hand auger is 5 minutes 27 seconds. The average time taken for conventional hand auger with Easy Hand Auger was 2 minutes 58 seconds. Lastly, the average time taken for conventional hand auger with Easy Hand Auger with additional load was 1 minute 47 seconds. From all average time taken, we can get the percentage based on the average time taken for conventional hand auger. Firstly, the percentage of the conventional hand auger was 0%. Secondly, the percentage for conventional hand auger with Easy Hand Auger was 46%. Thirdly, conventional hand auger helped by Easy Hand Auger with additional load percentage was 67%. Table 3 : Time taken test-run. Conclusion To conclude, our Easy Hand Auger project innovation is a success. Firstly, we achieved all objectives that we stated which are creating a blueprint design for Easy Hand Auger by using AutoCAD, fabricating the Easy Hand Auger based on the AutoCAD design and dimension and perform a test-run by comparing the time taken for the conventional hand auger without the addition of Easy Hand Auger and with the help of Easy Hand Auger. Our project has also proven to be useful to help students and lecturers to run the Hand Auger Method and easy to be carried anywhere. Based on our data and analysis, we also reached the percentage of 46% and 67%. These percentages indicated how effective is our Easy Hand Auger based on the time taken for it to reach to 1 metre depth. Also, the conclusion we can make here is that the higher the percentage is, the higher the effectiveness. We hope that our project innovation can be used and help anyone who will be running the Hand Auger Method to overcome the problems that they will encounter in the future such as saving time and energy and it can facilitate the excavating process to obtain soil sample. Acknowledgment Furthermore, we want to acknowledge our family and friends for their unwavering support and understanding during the challenging phases of this project. References Fiske, A. M. (2023). Reckoning with Harm. University of Texas Press. BS 5930-1999.pdf. (n.d.). Google Docs. Retrieved December 10, 2023. Das, B. M. (2021). Principles Of Geotechnical Engineering. Cengage Learning. Carter, M. R., & Gregorich, E. G. (2007). Soil sampling and methods of analysis. CRC Press. Böhm, W., & Böhm, W. (1979). Auger methods. Methods of studying root systems, 39-47. Kim, S. W., Jeon, B. G., Hahm, D. G., & Kim, M. K. (2020). Ratcheting fatigue failure of a carbon steel pipe tee in a nuclear power plant using the deformation angle. Engineering Failure Analysis, 114, 104595. 8 Figure 8 : Easy Hand Auger

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development EZ IBS House Kit Norsida Binti Morsidi1,*, Mohammad Adiputera Bin Mazalin2 , Nur Farah Irdina Binti Affandie3 , Nurul Hafizah Binti Pati Kamil4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the use of EZ IBS HOUSE KIT which has been developed on semester 3 students in the Mukah Polytechnic Civil Engineering Department. The focus of this study is on students who have difficulty understanding the concept of IBS and identifying the components of IBS when the learning session is held outside the lecture room. Overall, this study evaluated the effectiveness of EZ IBS HOUSE KIT through two main aspects, namely students' interest and perception of the product, as well as the design of the product. The students involved in the study numbered 71 people from semester 3 students. They were given a feedback form as a study instrument and were asked to use the EZ IBS HOUSE KIT model with the aim of compiling the model using a pre-prepared plan. Descriptive analysis is carried out using Microsoft Office Excel software. The findings showed that this product provides assistance to students in understanding and identifying the concept of IBS. Overall, many students admit that this product can simplify their learning process in a quick and comfortable way. Therefore, the hope is that this innovative product can be applied to all students of semester 3 after obtaining improvements as a result of the study feedback. The main keywords in this study are identifying, interest, and design, with an emphasis on the introduction of innovation in improving the teaching and learning process. In summary, innovation is recognized as a critical element to align Teaching and Learning with needs and trends in the field of education. Keywords: - IBS concept, IBS components, design, innovation, teaching and learning process. CP07 9 Methodology Introduction Self-learning modules have long been utilized in education to deliver lesson content to students. The challenge lies in the individual differences in acceptance of learning due to varying interests, personal advantages, and memory skills. Shaharom (1993) notes the implementation of self-learning modules even at the primary school level. Research on the EZ IBS HOUSE KIT's effectiveness indicates a successful improvement in students' academic achievement at all study levels. According to Rashidi and Abdul Razak (1996), guiding students towards maximizing their potential is essential for knowledge and skill acquisition. Lecturers, as mentioned by Robiah Sidin (1998), should employ wise delivery techniques. The EZ IBS HOUSE KIT is designed to assist students in understanding the concept of house assembly based on the IBS Industrial Building system and comprehending IBS components, addressing challenges in the learning process. Figure 9 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion This section includes five questions distributed to Semester 3 students enrolled in the DCC30082 course, focusing on Industrial Building System. The results displayed indicate that the "EZ IBS HOUSE KIT" model demonstrates the effectiveness of enhancing students' perception and assistance in the DCC30082 Industrial Building System (IBS) course. Table 4: Mean Score of Students' Interest and Perception of "EZ IBS HOUSE KIT“ Table 5 : Score for Design “EZ IBS HOUSE KIT” Conclusion The innovation aimed at enhancing student understanding in the DCC30082 Industrial Building System course has successfully been developed. The utilization of the EZ IBS HOUSE KIT creates an environment that allows students to engage in continuous learning, ultimately improving their understanding and performance in the course. Observations made during the study using the "EZ IBS HOUSE KIT" revealed that students not only enjoyed using it but also expressed their enjoyment through feedback. This enjoyment contributes to increased motivation and interest in the DCC30082 Industrial Building System (IBS) course. The questionnaire results indicate high mean values for both student interest and perception toward the "EZ IBS HOUSE KIT" and its design. This indirectly demonstrates that the "EZ IBS HOUSE KIT" can serve as an effective learning tool both inside and outside the lecture room. Acknowledgment Furthermore, we want to acknowledge our family and friends for their unwavering support and understanding during the challenging phases of this project. References 1. Baharuddin Aris & Kamarularifin Md Arifin. (1993). Pembangunan Modul Pengajaran Kendiri (MPK) Bagi Pengatucaraan Actionscript 3.0 Khusus Untuk Perisian Adobe Flash CS3. Commun. ACM, 36(5), 76–78. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/155049.155069 2. Johari, H., & Noor Asmalinda, M. (2011). Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri (MPK) Subjek Information And Communication Technology (ICT) Tingkatan 4. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository, 9. 3. Teknologi, U. (2000). 11787381. 1996. 4. ZAIDIN, N. (2015). A t t p. Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Murni Dalam Proses Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Ke Arah Pembentukan Sahsiah Pelajar Di Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi Mara, April. 10 Figure 10 : EZ IBS House Kit

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Brick Bond Tools Nik Nur Dina Binti Nik Azmi,* , Christley Jampi Anak Robin2 , Jason Ryan Kong3 , Nurul Afiqah Binti Zool Fadzli4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The structural integrity of a constructed building is influenced by the brick bond, which constitutes a crucial step in the construction process. Brick bonding serves the primary purpose of achieving a robust bond, an aesthetically pleasing brick arrangement, and a tidy alignment suitable for bonding work. Although conventional bonding methods are straightforward and easily implemented, they pose challenges for students with limited proficiency, leading to difficulties in mastering them within a short timeframe. This issue has repercussions for the construction process, impacting both the precision of the structure and the strength and thickness of the mortar, consequently affecting the durability of the brick wall. To address these challenges, an innovative study was conducted to devise a Brick Bond Tools solution, aimed at assisting students with less expertise in bricklaying. The study also aimed to practically demonstrate the advantages of utilizing Brick Bond Tools and gather feedback on its effectiveness from first-semester students. The outcome of this study resulted in the creation of a practical Brick Bond Tools design. Implementation of this design by students showed improved precision in bonding, with a more uniform mortar layer thickness compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, a questionnaire revealed that 98% of students acknowledged the potential of this innovation to overcome the shortcomings of conventional methods. Through discussions, the most effective solutions were identified and incorporated into the final design of the innovation tools developed in this study. Keywords: - brick bond tools, conventional, mortar CP08 11 Methodology Introduction Malaysia, a developing country, is experiencing strong economic growth, and the construction sector plays a crucial role in boosting the nation's economy. The progress in the construction industry is closely linked to adopting modern technology and tools, making construction processes more efficient. In Mukah Polytechnic's Civil Engineering Department, the traditional method of brick bonding involves applying mortar to the brick surface and arranging the bricks based on a predetermined bond. This method poses challenges, such as uneven mortar thickness and bond strength, leading to a disorderly appearance and unnecessary mortar wastage. To overcome these challenges, Brick Bond Tools have been developed to achieve a neat brick bond and demonstrate the practical advantages of this innovative tool compared to traditional methods. Consequently, the use of Brick Bond Tools not only improves the quality of brick bonding but also reduces the construction period for brick bonding projects. Figure 11 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion A questionnaire was distributed online to Semester 1 students of the Civil Engineering Department via a platform such as Google Drive. In total, 86 Semester 1 students from the Civil Engineering Department participated in answering the questionnaire. According to the gathered information, an impressive 98% of students express agreement with Brick Bond Tools when compared to existing conventional methods. Table 6: Findings from the questionnaire for Brick Bond Tools The questionnaire is divided into 5 categories, namely saving mortar, saving time, neat bonding, risk of using tools and efficient and effective use of Brick Bond Tools. Through this questionnaire we can conclude that Brick Bond Tools has been able to improve the weaknesses in existing conventional methods. Conclusion In conclusion, the produced Brick Bond Tools successfully meet their intended objectives. These tools can be designed with materials and sizes suitable for use by students in the 1st semester of the Civil Engineering Department. In practical terms, utilizing Brick Bond Tools results in a neater and more uniform mortar layer compared to conventional methods. It's noteworthy that Brick Bond Tools is a non-electronic product. Moreover, these tools have gained considerable interest among 1st-semester Civil Engineering students, as 98% of them express satisfaction with the product. Acknowledgment First and foremost, I extend my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Nik Nur Dina Binti Nik Azmi for their invaluable guidance, support, and mentorship throughout the project. Their expertise and insights greatly enriched the development and execution of the project. References 1. Yusof, Yusnita Binti, Siti Azliya Binti Ismail, and Arffaazila Binti Rahmat(2017), "Perbandingan Penggunaan Kaedah Konvensional Dan Inovasi Peralatan Dalam KerjaBata,Retrieved from:https://upikpolimas.edu.my/conference/inde x.php/icompex/icompex17/paper/viewFile/68/7 9 2. Soeparyanto, T., Ikhsan, A., Sulha, S., Mursidi, B., & Statiswaty, S. (2021). PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI DAN KINERJATUKANG PADA PEKERJAAN PASANGAN BATA DENGAN ALAT BANTU Nurul Mohd. (2013).Keluli Tahan Karat.Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/NurulMohd1/kelulitahan-karat on 7th December 2023. 3. Tian Hong Yun, Xia Chun, Wu Chung Qiao, Li Shao Xiang, Guo Ji Zhou (2016). The horizontal mortar laying apparatus of concrete block masonry. 12 Figure 12 : Brick Bond Tools

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Mini Manual Piling Mohd Rizal Bin Khatib1,*, Mohd Adib Hasif Bin Japar2 , Jonathan Davis Anak Mathew Entili3 and Patricia Joanne Albert4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Mini manual piling is a ramming innovation tool specially produced to ram mangrove piles only. The objective of this study is to make a sketch of the innovation project along with the dimensions using AutoCAD. This innovative tool is sized 0.9 meter x 1.22 meter x 4 meter using the main material which is hollow iron and has a 20kg impactor. After this innovation is produced, the process of testing the workability of the tools is done at the study site. A common problem faced is the cost of renting a pile driving machine which requires a high cost even if the mangrove wood pile driving work is done in small quantities. Apart from that, the size of this pile driver has difficulty entering village roads. The scope of our study is that this innovation is carried out in Kampung Tellian Laut 96400 Mukah. This innovation is categorized as a portable Mini Manual Piling where it has wheels that can be repositioned. Finally, the type of pile used for this Mini Manual Piling is only reserved for mangrove type piles. Keywords: - Mini manual piling, ramming innovation tool, mangrove piles CP09 13 Methodology Introduction The purpose of selecting this innovation is to modify the traditional pile driver to a more ergonomic pile driver by creating a "Mini Manual Piling". This Mini Manual Piling was specially created for mangrove piles only. "Mini Manual Piling" has the concept of AIV or its special name is Aggregate Impact Value. As we know AIV is one of the tools to crush stone for experimental or research purposes, where this AIV tool uses a pull and release system where the weight is released from a high distance and crushes the stone into small fragments. As well asMini Manual Piling, where there is a stainless steel wire rope used to pull the plunger and pull the plunger associated with the pulley and then hit the mangrove pile. The structure or frame of this Mini Manual Piling is created using hollow iron. This Mini Manual Piling measures 0.9 meters x 0.122 meters x 4 meters. The hollow iron used to make this innovation project is 1-1/2'' x 1- 1/2'' x1.2mm, 1''x1” x1.2mm x 6m and 1-1/4” x 1-1/4” x1.2mm x 6m inches thick. Figure 13 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion For analysis and data, two tests were conducted to identify the comparison between Mini Manual Piling and the traditional pile planting method. In addition, depth versus time tests were also carried out for both methods, where data was taken every impact applied during pile driving. Table 7 : Findings Mini Manual Piling depth against time Table 8 : The result of the traditional method of depth versus time Conclusion In conclusion, mangrove piles are a type of wood that is resistant to water and are only suitable for use in areas with a hard structure such as clay and swamp land. If seen through the data set that has been obtained from the feasibility study of this innovation project, Mini Manual Piling takes a short time to plant piles to the desired depth compared to traditional pile drivers. The use of Mini Manual Piling has also been shown in impact tests and a way to bring innovation projects to the study site. Designers must take into account the benefits that will be obtained, for example, such as being able to reduce expenses in terms of costs in relation to the cost of renting machinery that is not worth renting and using in rural areas. Next, designers also need to be concerned about the ideal weight that can be lifted by both men and women. The ideal weight that can be lifted by a human being is between 20kg and 30kg regardless of gender. Furthermore, the selection of materials to be used as a framework for innovation projects is appropriate. This is said to be so because the iron chosen is strong and does not easily change shape when force is applied to it. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References 89, F. H. (2012, JULY 11). Kos, Bahan Binaan, Hartanah, Berita industri binaan. Retrieved from KOS DAN BAHAN BINAAN MALAYSIA : https://industribinaan.blogspot.com/2012/07/kerjacerucuk-sheet-piles.html FOUNDATION, J. (2016). TYPES OF PILING MACHINES HAMZAH, M. F. (2014, NOVEMBER 14). CERUCUK PILING . Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/mohamadfaizhamzah/bchuda JAM, T. (2009, AUGUST 13). BINA RUMAH IMPIAN . Retrieved from IMPIAN MENJADI REALITI: https://binarumahimpian.blogspot.com/2009/08/cer ucuk_13.html?m=1 JAM, T. (n.d.). BINA RUMAH IMPIAN . Retrieved from iMPIAN MENJADI REALITI . 14 Figure 14 : Mini Manual Piling

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Serat Buluh Sebagai Bahan Tambahan Paving Block Rahim Bin Ishak1,*, Patrick Ling Shu Han2 , Harith Danial Bin Malek Redzuan3 and Iffah Syahirra Binti Sajali4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Paving block nowadays is a building material made from composition a mixture of cement, water and sand. However, most paving blocks which is applied breaks easily and due to low compressive strength. Therefore, this research was conducted to produce paving blocks that apply bamboo fiber as an additive in the paving block mixture. The objective of this study is to determine the compressive strength of the paving block contains bamboo fiber as an additive. The percentage of bamboo fiber as an ingredient additional paving block which is 0%, 0.5% 1.0% and 1.5% of the cement weight. For produce a paving block model. A total of 16 cubes have been produced throughout testing process by using cube size (150x150x150) mm for testing compression according to standard BS 1881-116:1983. Next, the water absorption test (BS1881-122:2011) was carried out to obtain the ability of the cement mixture against water absorption. From the sand sieve analysis test graph shows the sand category is fine sand and the quality of the sand is suitable for use in the mix paving blocks. The result of the compressive strength test shows the compressive strength Optima at 28 days is produced in a mixture of 1% bamboo fiber additives (23.3Mpa). The conclusion from this study found that the mixture of paving blocks with bamboo fiber additives of 1% potentially used in produce an effective green paving block. Keywords: - compression test, standard BS 1881-116:1983, water absorption test, BS 1881-122:2011, sand sieve analysis CP10 15 Methodology Introduction There are studies that use many types of natural materials as additives in pavement, one of which is bamboo fiber. Bamboo is one of the natural materials that is easy to find anywhere because bamboo is a source of building materials that can be renewed without stopping. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant on earth. Bamboo can be harvested every 3-5 years without negative impact on the environment. Bamboo is widely used in construction due to its strength, flexibility and lightness. According to the Journal of Civil Engineering Research 2013, 3(1): 16-21, bamboo has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than iron.In this project study, bamboo fiber is used as an additional material to study bamboo fiber in the improvement of concrete properties. Bamboo fiber was chosen in this project study because bamboo is one of the natural materials that is easy to find anywhere, especially in Malaysia. At the beginning, the collected bamboo needs to go through the beating process to get bamboo fiber. After that, the bamboo fiber will be soaked in water to remove foreign matter from the bamboo fiber. Then, the bamboo fiber is dried and dried under the sun. Figure 15 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Product Results and Discussion Based on the results of this project data, it was found that increasing the percentage of bamboo fiber at an optimal rate can affect the compressive strength of the paving block. This is also due to the characteristics of bamboo which has high bending and tensile strength. From the graph of the sand sieve analysis test, it shows that the sand category is fine sand and the quality of the sand is suitable for use in the paving block mix. The results of the compressive strength test showed that the optimal compressive strength at 28 days was produced in a mixture of 1% bamboo fiber additives (23.3N/mm2). While for the water absorption test, it showed minimal water absorption (1.31%) on day 28 when mixed with 1% bamboo fiber additives. The conclusion from this study found that a mixture of paving blocks with bamboo fiber additives of 1% has the potential to be used in producing effective green paving blocks. However, there are some shortcomings in this research project, which also affect the strength of the mix and the water absorption properties of the paving block. Figure 17: Water Absorption Graph Conclusion In the project implementation, bamboo fiber was incorporated as an additive in the paving block mix to assess its impact on compression properties. Various percentages of bamboo fiber (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were introduced into the mixture for the compressive stress test. The data analysis indicates that the paving blocks with a 1% bamboo fiber content yielded the highest compression value (23.3N/mm2). This suggests that the 1% ratio of bamboo fiber in the mixture is optimal in this study, showcasing bamboo fiber's ability to enhance the compressive strength of paving blocks. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that a paving block mixture with a 1% bamboo fiber additive has the potential to produce environmentally friendly and effective green paving blocks. Acknowledgment We would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have contributed to the completion of this project. References Dixon, P.G.; Gibson, L.J. (2014) The structure and mechanics of Moso bamboo material. J. R. Soc. Muhammad Irfan (2020) Prinsip Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kota Sebagai Infrastruktur Hijau di Kota Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Planologi. Tan, (2010) Effect of coconut fiber and egg albumen in concrete for green environment Bristish Standard Institution, BS 1881: Part 116:1983. Method for determination of compressive strenght for concrete, BSi. London British Standard Institution, BS 882:1992. Specification of aggregates from natural for concrete, BSi. London 16 Figure 16 : Serat Buluh Sebagai Bahan Tambahan Paving Block

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Menghasilkan Papan Komposit Dari Tempurung Dan Sabut Kelapa Mazlin Wellington @Magdeline Sinjar1,* , Amylia Sari Bt Salleh2 , Nur Ameelya Maisarah Bt Adenan3 and Zarith Sophia Bt Kamarudin4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study is about the production of composite board from coir and coconut shell. This innovation was carried out at Mukah Sarawak Polytechnic. The disposal of coir and coconut shells in the coconut milk processing industry is uncontrolled. Improper disposal of coconut coir causes air pollution, mosquito breeding caused by abandoned shells and damage to the environment. The main objective is to determine whether composite boards can be produced using coconut coir. The problems arising from the waste of the coconut industry have been identified from the articles that have been published. Three different ratios of coconut coir and shell mixtures will be produced. The tests carried out on the samples are the water absorption test and the flexibility and board strength tests. The samples will also be tested for the handling and workability of the boards that have been produced. The acceptance of composite board products made from coir and coconut shells will be done using a rubric in several categories of respondents. The expected result is that coconut coir can be used as a raw material in producing coconut coir wood. The data collected will be checked and the average will be determined. The entire experiment has been successfully completed. Keywords: - disposal, coconut milk processing industry, uncontrolled, air pollution, CP11 17 Methodology Introduction The composite board is an environmentally friendly material as it incorporates wood waste, sawdust, and wood with resin. Additionally, coconut shells and coconut coir are utilized as substitutes in its production. Originally, composite boards used 100% wood waste. Researchers introduced a combination of coconut shell and coconut fiber to address the issue of reduced diffusion in the composite board. The composite material comprises two elements: fiber as a filler and a fiber binding material called the matrix. Coconut shell and coconut coir serve as fillers in the composite because they contain cellulose. Despite the environmental benefits, there are challenges associated with the disposal of coir and coconut shells. Improper disposal, such as widespread dumping, can lead to environmental pollution, potentially causing health issues for residents. Figure 18: Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Conclusion A composite material is created by combining two or more materials. In our case, we utilize strong fibers, including coconut coir and carbon fiber, to provide the material with tensile strength. The second component, known as the matrix, is typically a resinous material like varnish. This matrix holds the fibers, ensuring the material is resistant to mold, strong, and durable. The resulting composite board is well-suited for constructing items such as shoe racks, bookshelves, and study tables, making it suitable for use in homes and schools. Boards made from coir and coconut shells exhibit properties similar to conventional composite boards made from wood chips or tree trunks. The materials used are environmentally friendly and locally available. This board contributes to a reduction in air pollution, including odor pollution from discarded shells or coir. Acknowledgment We appreciate anyone else who directly or indirectly contributed to the completion of this project. Your collective efforts have played a vital role in its success. References 1. Anem, M. (2021, Oktober 19). Anim Agro Technology. Retrieved from Tempurung Kelapa: http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/2021/10/tempurun g-kelapa-fakta-dimedia.html 2. Anem, M. (2022, Jun 30). Anim Agro Technology. Retrieved from Fakta Kegunaan Sabut Kelapa: http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/2022/06/faktakegunaan-sabutkelapa.html 3. Bidin, A. S. (2022, Disember 7). Banjir termenung: Pekebun terpaksa guna sampan angkut kelapa. Retrieved from Utusan Malaysia: https://www.utusan.com.my/nasional/2022/12/banjir -termenung-pekebun-terpaksa-guna-sampan-angkutkelapa/ 4. Desi Selvia Ningrum, S. N. (2023, April 27). KOMPAS.COM. Retrieved from Komposit: Pengertian dan Jenisnynya: https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2023/04/27/1 70000169/komposit--pengertian-dan-jenisnya 18 Product Results and Discussion The strength and bending test outcomes indicate that sample 3 is the most robust, supporting a weight of 18.528kg. Sample 3 exhibits the highest weight-bearing capacity compared to the other samples. Additionally, sample 2 is not significantly different, accommodating a weight of 13.896kg. However, sample 1 has a lower load-bearing capacity, supporting only 9.264kg. Consequently, sample 1 can only sustain a considerably lower weight compared to the other samples. Figure 20: Water Absorption Graph Figure 21: Graph of the Difference in Water Absorption with Existing Boards Figure 19: Menghasilkan Papan Komposit Dari Tempurung Dan Sabut Kelapa

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Kajian Penghasilan Cafcoal Brick Dari Serpihan Arang Batu Bagi Binaan Lanskap Kejur Juhaidie Zamani Bin Jamaludin1,*, Claudia Lika Anak Tagong2 , Francis Anak Angon3 and Diana Anak Benjamin4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Nowadays, the use of cement bricks as a building material is very widespread. The mechanical and physical properties of a cement brick affect its performance as building materials. This study was conducted to examine the potential use of debris coal on the mechanical properties of cement bricks that have been modified with coal chips as additives in cement bricks, and so on summarize the potential of its use in improving the performance of cement bricks. The objective of the study is to produce cement bricks that use debris coal as an additive at a certain percentage. This study was also made to study the physical and mechanical properties of cement bricks with added coal chips stone in terms of compressive strength and moisture absorption. This study was made by producing research samples at the brick factory and then testing the samples in the laboratory. All analyzed data are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Studies show cement bricks added with coal chips recorded a positive effect, namely lowering the temperature conductivity of cement bricks, improving the crushing strength and porosity of cement bricks, providing durability thermal shock And increase the strength of heat and corrosion. The study also found that the use of coal chips as an additive is potentially capable reduce the level of alkalinity serra chemical erosion. Keywords: - cement bricks, building material, mechanical properties, debris coal, coal chips CP12 19 Methodology Introduction In this study, we aim to produce and test the compressive strength of bricks containing a coal mixture to determine whether it meets the established standard level. The size of the coal used is adjusted based on the size of small stones, employing tools such as sieve analysis. Specifically, the researcher has determined that the size of the coal used is 14mm. The bricks, measuring 216mm x 103mm x 65mm, incorporate coal as an additional material at a 15% ratio. Coal, characterized as a black sedimentary rock, is easily combustible and primarily composed of carbon, along with other elements such as hydrogen (in the form of hydroxide), sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. This coal forms in the ecosystem through the preservation and compression of plants by water and mud, undergoing oxidation or natural decomposition with high pressure and temperature over millions of years. The flammability of coal makes it a widely used fuel. However, the combustion of coal poses significant risks to the human environment in terms of health, contributing to high death rates due to polluted air.. Figure 22 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 20 Product Results and Discussion The researchers have provided a detailed explanation of the study's findings, which are based on tests conducted on cement bricks. It has been determined that the incorporation of charcoal stone, both as an additive and a partial replacement for fine aggregate in the cement brick mix, is only suitable for landscaping purposes. Additionally, the data analysis is centered around compressive strength. The study concludes that the most optimal proportion for adding and replacing coal in the cement brick mixture is a ratio of 1:3:3. The entire project demonstrates satisfactory results in terms of compressive strength. Based on the value that has been obtained from the compressive strength of bricks, it is found the higher the ratio of coal added, the less the strength of the brick because it also depends on the strength of the coal. The presence of coal in cement bricks has further decrease doverall compressive strength of brick. Where the brick with a ratio of 1:2:4 shows reading 9.75Mpa, 8.41Mpa for 7 days, 10.33Mpa, 10.27Mpa for 14 days and 13.6Mpa, 14.07Mpa for 28 days. While for the ratio 1:3:3 shows the reading 16.59Mpa, 16.4Mpa for 7 days, 11.52Mpa, 11.31Mpa for 14 days and 16.45Mpa, 16.20Mpa for 28 days. Next is for the 1:1:5 ratio to show the reading 4.98Mpa, 4.21Mpa for 7 days, 5.06Mpa, 5.27Mpa for 14 days and 8.09Mpa, 8.33Mpa for 28 days. Conclusion Based on the obtained research results, it is evident that the utilization of a coal mixture in the production of cement bricks has yielded inferior outcomes when compared to the standard brick ratio. The study's findings further indicate that the resulting bricks are not suitable for bearing loads. As a conclusion, it is determined that bricks with coal mixture are only suitable for use in landscaping, as they exhibit lower strength when compared to standard bricks. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References 89, F. H. (2012, JULY 11). Kos, Bahan Binaan, Hartanah, Berita industri binaan. Retrieved from KOS DAN BAHAN BINAAN MALAYSIA : https://industribinaan.blogspot.com/2012/07/kerjacerucuk-sheet-piles.html FOUNDATION, J. (2016). TYPES OF PILING MACHINES HAMZAH, M. F. (2014, NOVEMBER 14). CERUCUK PILING . Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/mohamadfaizhamzah/bchuda JAM, T. (2009, AUGUST 13). BINA RUMAH IMPIAN . Retrieved from IMPIAN MENJADI REALITI: https://binarumahimpian.blogspot.com/2009/08/cer ucuk_13.html?m=1 JAM, T. (n.d.). BINA RUMAH IMPIAN . Retrieved from iMPIAN MENJADI REALITI . Figure 22 : Kajian Penghasilan Cafcoal Brick Dari Serpihan Arang Batu Bagi Binaan Lanskap

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Pembancuh Mortar Mudah Alih Lilyana Anak Jelai1,*, Raul Rens Reniu2 , Fellanesa Pereira Anak Buma3 and Neilson Noel Anak Ngadan4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This project is dedicated to constructing a portable mortar mixer specifically designed for the use of students in the Brick Workshop. This project aims to create a device that is lightweight, portable, userfriendly and facilitates an efficient and effective mortar mixing process. Engineered to be manually operated, making it suitable for deployment in areas with limited access to electricity or batteries, this mixer addresses the needs of individuals who may be experiencing back pain or other health issues, making conventional mortar mixing methods challenging or even impossible. The mixer features an ergonomic handle and a compact design, strategically crafted to alleviate strain on the user's back and arms. Furthermore, this portable mortar mixer is designed to be environmentally friendly, boasting a low carbon footprint and minimal sound pollution. The project not only presents an innovative solution to the challenges encountered during the mortar mixing process but also provides an efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Semester 1 students assisted in conducting effectiveness testing. This test compared the Portable Mortar Mixer with the conventional method. In the tests conducted in the trials, it was stated that the time for mixing using a portable mortar mixer was significantly reduced even when using an equal 20 kg bucket compared to the conventional methods of mixing. Keywords: - Portable mortar mixer, lightweight, portable, user-friendly, efficient CP13 21 Methodology Introduction Mortar is a crucial material in construction, used to bind bricks, blocks, and other building materials. The mixing process is essential for stability and strength in construction. Traditional mixing methods, relying on human energy, can lead to physical strain and health issues, while inefficiency prolongs projects and increases costs. To address these challenges, a solution was developed a portable mortar mixer. This userfriendly, lightweight mixer ensures an efficient mixing process, speeding up construction while reducing physical fatigue. Its portability allows users to transport it to different sites. Proper ergonomics are crucial for these mixers to be both efficient and effective. The mobile mortar mixer underwent testing at the Bata Workshop, Civil Engineering. In conclusion, the development of environmentally friendly mortar mixers with a low carbon footprint is crucial, aligning with current environmental concerns.. Figure 23: Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 22 Product Results and Discussion The table presents a comparison of time, capacity, and the number of people involved in brewing between conventional mixing methods and Mobile Mortar Mixers. According to the study's results, the time required for the conventional mixing method is longer, with T1 taking 109 seconds, T2 taking 60 seconds, and T3 taking 58 seconds. In contrast, the Portable Mortar Mixer significantly reduces the time needed, with T1 requiring only 40 seconds, T2 taking 39 seconds, and T3 taking 35 seconds. It is noteworthy that the capacity for both methods remains consistent at 20kg. Table 9: Comparison of Conventional methods and Portable Mortar Mixers Conclusion This study has been conducted thoroughly and has successfully met its objectives. It has provided a deep understanding of mobile mortar mixers and their design process. The project employed production methods and utilized the "3D Modeling App" to create sketches that integrated various ideas and design elements. Essential factors such as material selection, engineering analysis, and safety were carefully considered during the design process. Effectiveness testing was carried out with the assistance of Semester 1 students, involving a comparison between the Portable Mortar Mixer and the conventional method. The test results indicate that the Portable Mortar Mixer requires less time for mixing mortar compared to conventional methods. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References Abdullah, A., & Rahman, R. A. (2022). A Systematic Review of Construction Equipment Design for SmallScale Projects. International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 9(1), 54-68. Al-Azzawi, A. M., Al-Ansari, N., & Knutsson, S. (2021). Development of a Portable Mortar Mixer for SmallScale Construction Projects. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 33(7), 04021046. doi: 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003849 AliExpress. (n.d.). 4000161207390. Diperoleh dari https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000161207390.h tml Buku Panduan Pelaksanaan Projek Pelajar. (2021). Program Diploma. Politeknik Malaysia. Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. Carousell. (n.d.). Sprocket Spoket DID Heavy Duty 40T/15T. Diperoleh dari https://www.carousell.com.my/p/sprocket-spoket-didheavyduty-40t-15t-1023763447/ Chen, W. C., Chen, Y. L., & Lin, C. L. (2017). Design and Development of Portable Cement Mixer. Journal of Automation and Control Engineering, 5(6), 437- 441.doi: 10.12720/joace.5.6.437-441 Figure 24: Pembancuh Mortar Mudah Alih

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Penyodok Serbaguna Mudah Alih Mohd Kusyairi Bin Ariffin1,* , Nur Maisyara Binti Mohamad Sardi2 , and Liza Anak Kaloi3 1,2,3 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This project aims to create a portable multi-purpose shovel for the convenience of Civil Engineering students during transfer and mixing tasks in the workshop. Specifically designed for use in the Concrete and Brick Workshop, the project focuses on addressing challenges faced by students, as identified through a questionnaire. The main issues with existing shovels include cement sticking during mixing, heaviness making it difficult to lift materials, the need for significant storage space, and rusting, leading to durability concerns. To tackle these problems, this project aims to design, manufacture, and test the effectiveness of a portable and versatile shovel. The project's importance lies in its potential benefits for students by addressing these challenges. The proposed shovel incorporates features such as material exchange to prevent rust and ensure durability, the use of suitable materials to reduce weight and friction, a foldable design for space-saving storage, and the prevention of cement sticking during mixing. Stainless steel is chosen for its weight reduction and rust prevention qualities, and the handle is covered with silicone rubber for user comfort. Ultimately, this project not only provides a practical solution for Civil Engineering students but also serves as a learning opportunity, fostering creativity and innovation Keywords: - shovel, workshop, effective solution CP14 23 Methodology Introduction Shovels are important tools in student workshops, helping move materials like stone, sand, soil, and cement. They typically have a sheet metal blade and metal or wood handles for durability when dealing with heavy loads. However, the weight of traditional shovels can slow down tasks due to increased friction during transfers and mixing. To address this, our group designed a portable multipurpose shovel that is lighter and saves storage space. This innovation improves the ease and efficiency of various workshop activities. Civil Engineering students at Malaysian Polytechnics, especially those in the 'Brickworks and Concrete Laboratory' course, use portable multi-purpose shovels for quicker handling of sand and cement during brickwork projects. These shovels are both lighter and versatile, making them easy to unfold and assemble. Figure 25 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 24 Product Results and Discussion Upon comparing the data analysis between existing shovels and portable multipurpose shovels, it is evident that the portable multipurpose shovels are lighter than the existing ones. The standard shovel weighs 1.125kg, while the portable multipurpose shovel weighs 1.038kg. Furthermore, the existing shovel is longer at 100 cm, whereas the portable multipurpose shovel measures 80 cm. The testing data indicates that the portable multipurpose shovel performs well and can handle a maximum load of 4kg. When folded, these shovels are shorter than regular ones, making them convenient for storage and easy to carry due to their lighter weight. To enhance this study, it is recommended to conduct prototype testing initially to ensure the product's effectiveness. Continuous improvements in the product are crucial to ensure its efficient functionality in addressing the identified issues. Conclusion The materials used in the portable multipurpose shovel project include durable, rust-resistant steel, ensuring both strength and lightness. Additionally, the shovel features a silicone rubber handle that provides a comfortable grip. This choice of materials contributes to creating a lightweight and rustresistant shovel that is easy for anyone to use. Ultimately, the project aims to enhance students' productivity with a cost-effective solution, providing an affordable and efficient tool. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References Abernathy, W.J. and Utterback, J.M. (1978) ‘Patterns of industrial innovation’, Technology Review, vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 40–7. Baregheh, A., Rowley, J. and Sambrook, S. (2009) ‘Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation’, Management Decision, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1323–39. Barras, R. (1986) ‘Towards a theory of innovation in services’, Research Policy, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 161–73. Bartol, K.M. and Martin, D.C. (1998) Management, 3rd edn, Boston, MA, Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Figure 26: Penyodok Serbaguna Mudah Alih

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Portable Manual Water Hand Pump Norini Binti Shamsudin1,*, Mohammad Ariffin Bin Abdul Aziz2 , Gloria Imannuel3 and Syaza Irdina Binti Haleed4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This project is applied of an observation based on a manual way to control a hand water pump, named "Portable Manual Water Hand Pump". The objective of this project is to produce an innovative product that is "Portable Manual Water Hand Pump" that can be carried anywhere or transported from one area to another to get water supply. Therefore, there are several scopes that have been set in the year-end project that is, moving water from one area to another and limited to flat surfaces only and the product is produced using portable methods and can be taken anywhere. In addition, the third scope is the use of pump is only for shallow and small rivers. These scopes have been set to solve some problems, especially in deepening areas or villages that are limited to water supplies that are difficult to find sufficient water supply. The material for this year-end project is very easy to find and has a suitable cost for students who want to form a product. Not only that, while for the process of forming a "Portable Manual Water Hand Pump" product, a methodological study is used to design the project production process by using a flow chart as a guide for project production planning to form the pump product. As a result, the entire project was successfully produced with a delivery pump of no more than 2m and calculating the flow rate and by filling water into gallons of water within 1 minute. Based on the data, the results of the analysis and discussion that have been carried out, can be formulated that "Portable Manual Water Hand Pump" has reached the objectives as well as the scope that has been discussed. Finally, the product “Portable Manual Water Hand Pump” is proven to lighten the burden on people to get enough water supply. Keywords: - water supply, innovation, portability, cost-effective CP15 25 Methodology Introduction The 'Portable Manual Water Hand Pump' is a simple, self-contained device without electricity, powered by manual operation. It includes a cylinder, a check valve for both inlet and outlet functions, and a pump handle. This type of pump is commonly used in rural or remote areas where access to a reliable water supply is limited or nonexistent. Users manually pump water by attaching a pipe to the pump handle. The size of the water pump is determined by factors such as the water source depth, desired flow rate, and the dimensions of the cylinder and PVC pipe, ensuring the project's success. To find the right pump size, factors like pipe length, diameter, vertical distance from the water level to the discharge point, and additional friction loss due to pipes, valves, or obstacles are considered. In contrast, a larger pump with a 4-inch cylinder can lift water from depths of up to 100 feet. Figure 27 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 26 Product Results and Discussion The pump experienced a failure in supporting the weight when connecting the delivery pipe with a length of 3 meters. This issue arises from the pump's inability to withstand the weight of the pipe connection. The pump's limitation becomes evident, as it can only effectively handle a weight of up to 2 meters. Consequently, analyzing the data for transmission pipe lengths of 0 meters, 1 meter, and 2 meters becomes essential to provide a comprehensive understanding, including calculations for the flow rate. Table 10: Identifying the Appropriate Length of Delivery Pipe Conclusion In summary, the "Portable Manual Water Hand Pump" product facilitates easy water transportation to any location. Specifically designed for individuals requiring a reliable water supply, this product offers a more accessible and cost-effective alternative compared to advanced technology such as motorbased water pumps or complex electrical and mechanical systems. These advanced systems often come with high maintenance costs and require a constant electricity supply, posing challenges, especially in remote areas where electricity blackouts are common. Moreover, portable manual water hand pumps are user-friendly, easily carried anywhere, providing a practical solution for individuals in need of a consistent water supply. The design and creation of the "Portable Manual Water Hand Pump" aim to assist the public in accessing a sufficient water source efficiently. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References ADTW Study (2022). Rciprocating Pumps, Working Of Single Acting And Double Acting. Dicapai daripada https://youtu.be/Gfz_lOGV9zk pada 15 February,2023. Sarum Hydraulics (2019). What Is A Single Acting And Double Acting Hydraulic Hand Pump?. Dicapai daripada https://youtu.be/FRq0eFPcpYo pada 23 March,2023. Afza Rizal (2011). Kegunaan Dan Bahagian Utama Pam Air. Dicapai pada http://afzairizal.blogspot.com/2011/07/bab-5-pamair.html pada 27 March,2023. Neils51 (2018). Reciprocating Pump. Dicapai daripada https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocating_pump pada 5 April,2023. Joseph P. Messina Paul Cooper C. (2000). Pump Handbook. Dicapai daripada (https://books.google.com.my/books?id=yU5TyJrOMF 8C&dq=%22The+basic+principle+of+a+reciprocatin g+pump+is+that+a+solid+will+displace+an%22+- Figure 28: Portable Manual Water Hand Pump

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Portable Incinerator Masalinda binti Mansor1,*, Jossey Joynna Cria Anak Danggang2 , Brandon Anak Masery3 and Nehemia Balang Tagal 4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The increment in solid waste production influenced by economic development, population growth and the development of local industrial activities. Portable Incinerator is an innovation develop to reduce the problem of waste disposal site management. This study consisting of three objectives which is, to produce a portable incinerator, to determine the effectiveness of full combustion time and the quality of smoke produced. The scope of this study is Civil Engineering Wood Workshop, Mukah Polytechnic. The methodology of this study is qualitative, observations are made during the combustion test. Pollution reading are taken every 5 minutes, during combustion, until it is completed. Combustion is carried out in two ways, namely, using a blower and without a blower. The air quality tested was Carbon Dioxide (CO²), Total Of Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and Formaldehyde (HCHO). Based on observations, full combustion using a blower, for five kilograms of wood waste is 16:19:30 minutes, and full combustion without a blower is 21:34:38 minutes. It was found that pollution occurred at 15th minute. The reading of Co2 is1818 ppm. Based on Air Quality table, the appropriate value for Co2 is less than 1000 ppm. Despite this, portable incinerator managed to completely dispose the wood waste, where there is no wood waste left and the ash produced is very minimal. Keywords: - Environment and sustainability CP15 27 Introduction Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the burning of organic matter present in waste; therefore, combustion is described as a thermal treatment. Malaysians generate waste products at an alarming rate, surpassing the natural degradation process. In fact, waste management using advanced modern technology is no longer an option but a necessity in efforts to protect the environment and quality of life. Therefore, the adoption of the latest methods and technology is crucial for managing solid waste in Malaysia. Many cities around the world have already begun developing such technologies to ensure the sustainability of their respective communities. In Malaysia, solid waste management typically commences with the collection of garbage from various premises, which is then transported to either a landfill or an incinerator. Despite having numerous solid waste disposal sites in Malaysia, it is believed that the current capacity is insufficient to handle the daily volume of solid waste generated by Malaysians (Samah, 2015). Methodology Figure 29 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 28 Product Results and Discussion The data for this test run were obtained using the Air Quality Tester tool. The presence of this measuring device facilitates the examination of whether combustion smoke can lead to air pollution. Two burning methods were employed: one utilizing a full blower and the other without a blower. The collected data will be compared against the air pollution standards set by AKAS 1947. The results of this test run include information on the duration of full combustion, CO2 levels, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and temperature during the combustion process. Conclusion Portable incinerator produce and the test run has been completed in order to full fill the research objective. Full combustion does not produce a lot of ashes. How ever due to environmental requirement, conclusions made are based on the objectives of the study, that is to comply with the Environmental Quality Act 1997. Based on Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Amendment 2001) Act 127, Section 22 and Section 34A, it is found that the smoke emission rate produced from the portable incinerator is categorize as pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study type of smoke filter, in order to upgrade the pollution of smoke emission of portable incinerator. The main purpose of creating this innovation achieved due to the success of disposing wood waste from Wood Laboratory in Civil Engineering Department, Mukah Polytechnic. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References Baharudin, K. (2020). Menganjak ke Satu Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Secara Lestari di Kampus UKM Bangi, Selangor:. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar 23(2): 155-164. Ibrahim, N. F. (2016). Pengurusan sisa pepejal di Pulau Pangkor: Isu dan cabaran. Geografia Onlinetm Malaysia Journal Of Society And Space 12 Issue 14 (50-63). Rahman, H. A. (2017). Penglibatan Komuniti dalam Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management 16 (1) (2017): 13-22. Figure 29 : Portable Incinerator

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Adjustable Speed Belt Sander Johari Bin Kusai1,* , Akmar Rezza Bin Johari2 , Ash Asyari Bin Harun3 and Darwin Carlton Anak Bindam4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This project aims to create an Adjustable Speed Belt Sander specifically designed for the wood workshop in the Civil Engineering Department at Mukah Polytechnic. The motivation for this project arises from the challenges posed by the existing large and immobile sander in the workshop. The primary issue is that the current machine, designed for heavy-duty work, is not easily portable, requiring students to move back and forth for sanding tasks. Moreover, the size and potential danger of the large machine may intimidate new students entering the workshop. The innovation objective is to design a portable belt sander tailored for Mukah Polytechnic students enrolled in the Civil Engineering Diploma Carpentry course. The project involves testing the new belt sander's efficiency in terms of both time and sanding ability, comparing it to the existing sander and manual methods. The design process follows a methodological approach, considering economic aspects, design advantages and disadvantages, and the overall innovation mechanism. The final product utilizes a fan motor with adjustable speed, allowing for various sanding speeds and surface finishes. However, the innovation suggests improvement by opting for a more powerful fan motor to enhance efficiency, as the current motor may prolong heavy-duty tasks. Keywords: - wood workshop, portable, sanding machine CP17 29 Methodology Introduction A 'belt sander' is a tool used for sanding wood. Sanding wood aims to achieve a smooth surface for painting, provide the necessary roughness for adhesion, and remove material effectively to shape or accurately dimension the workpiece (Sydor et al., 2021). Each machine serves a specific purpose, and there are various sandpaper types, ranging from grade 60 to 2000. Higher-grade sandpaper, like grade 2000, produces a smoother surface, suitable for polishing or finishing wood. Conversely, grade 60 sandpaper not only smoothens but also removes old paint from wood or iron surfaces. Each sandpaper grade has its specific task. A drawback of the belt sander is its fixed speed, which cannot be adjusted. Sanding speed is critical in achieving a smooth wood surface. Faster sanding speeds save time but can lead to errors, especially in small areas where excessive speed may cause over-sanding and damage the wood surface.. Figure 30 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 30 Product Results and Discussion The average time for the first speed is 4 to 5 minutes, compared to 1 to 2 minutes with the manual method. At the second speed using an adjustable speed belt sander, the average time is 4 minutes, with user times recorded as 4 minutes 30 seconds, 4 minutes 32 seconds, and 4 minutes 27 seconds. User skill is a factor in sanding speed. For the third speed, the Adjustable Speed Belt Sander outperforms the manual method, taking 1 to 2 minutes. This highlights the impact of speed on sanding time and the resulting surface smoothness. Too fast a speed results in a quickly smoothed surface. In the third analysis, sanding ability is observed at each speed. The first speed produces a rough but smoother surface, the second speed produces a fairly smooth and finer surface, and the third speed yields a smooth and finer surface compared to the first two speeds. Table 11: Third speed time trial Conclusion In conclusion, mangrove piles are a type of wood that is resistant to water and are only suitable for use in areas with a hard structure such as clay and swamp land. If seen through the data set that has been obtained from the feasibility study of this innovation project, Mini Manual Piling takes a short time to plant piles to the desired depth compared to traditional pile drivers. The use of Mini Manual Piling has also been shown in impact tests and a way to bring innovation projects to the study site. Designers must take into account the benefits that will be obtained, for example, such as being able to reduce expenses in terms of costs in relation to the cost of renting machinery that is not worth renting and using in rural areas. Next, designers also need to be concerned about the ideal weight that can be lifted by both men and women. The ideal weight that can be lifted by a human being is between 20kg and 30kg regardless of gender. Furthermore, the selection of materials to be used as a framework for innovation projects is appropriate. This is said to be so because the iron chosen is strong and does not easily change shape when force is applied to it. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References Contributors, H. (2021, may 14). howstuffworks . Retrieved from What Is the Difference Between the Different Grits of Sandpaper?: https://home.howstuffworks.com/difference-betweengrits-sandpaper.htm#:~:text=For%20heavy%20 sanding%20and%20stripping,360%2D%20to%206 00%2Dgrit Dado, D. I. (2018). Laboratory Investigations Applied to Wood Dust Emmited. Dejan. (2019). How to Mechatronics. Retrieved from How Brushless DC Motor Works? BLDC and ESC Explained: https://howtomechatronics.com/how-itworks/how-brushless-motor-and-esc-work/ Elprocus. (2023). Elprocus . Retrieved from What is a Split Phase Induction Motor & Its Working: https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-a-splitphase-induction-motor-its-working/ eneMaq, s. (2020, march 28 ). eneMaq,s.l. Retrieved from history of sanding machine: https://www.sandingmachines.net/m-history-ofsanding-machines.html Figure 31 : Adjustable Speed Belt Sander

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Heat Reduction System For Guard House Lim Che Chien1,*, Ivy Naisha Binti Saiful2 , Rachel Giffeny Anak Fidelis Ringgo3 and Aaron Walter4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The Heat Reduction System is a product that will alleviate the problem of having an extremely hot temperature in a building, which makes most people uncomfortable in their daily lives. This project was created to provide comfort and ease the process of maintaining a comfortable temperature in a room. In this project, we have produced a prototype of a guard house in order to determine the temperature by comparing it with and without the heat reduction system. The effectiveness of the system to lower the temperature inside the prototype will be tested. The system can be turned on automatically when the heat sensor detects an increase in temperature to a fixed value that can be set and controlled by the temperature controller. This project can be implemented in any home or building. We used plywood, nails, screws, water pumps, hoses, spandex, temperature controllers, PVC pipes, basalt, and river stone in order to build the prototype. Our fabrication methods began with the design concept, followed by fabrication and assembly procedures. The testing of temperature will be carried out every 5 minutes for 30 minutes to determine the difference in temperature inside the prototype. Throughout the testing, we found out that the temperature inside the prototype without the system was 37.8 °C, while the temperature with the system was 33.2°C. It was a decrease of 4.6 °C, which is 12.2% for a 30-minute test. Keywords: - Heat Reduction System, temperature control, comfort, building temperature, prototype, guard house, CP18 31 Methodology Introduction Researchers aimed to improve building comfort by using an intelligent sensor system to reduce attic temperatures. They tested the system on a prototype based on a Guard House at Polytechnic Mukah, Sarawak. The system, with a sensor, activates when high temperatures are detected, bringing them to an optimal level. The project employed active and passive cool roof systems, including thermal reflective coating (TRC), MAC-solar-powered fans, and a rainwater harvesting system. Solar-powered fans in the moving air cavity accelerated airflow, expelling hot air before reaching the attic. The rainwater harvesting system, with a thermostat and water pump, effectively lowered rooftop temperatures. Additional features like a power filter, solar panel, and cooling tower were added to enhance the rainwater system's cooling capabilities. Compared to a traditional cool roof, the integrated environmentally friendly system significantly reduced attic temperatures (up to 6.5 degrees Celsius), providing increased comfort for building occupants with sustainable, renewable energy sources (Yew et al., 2018). Figure 32 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 32 Product Results and Discussion In summation, our research not only affirms the success of the heat reduction system, as depicted, but also delves into nuanced facets influencing its performance. The prospect of increasing the number of water-dispensing holes presents a promising avenue for significant temperature reduction, while the scrutiny of gutter dimensions and optimization of water pump hose power unveils actionable insights for immediate enhancements. This comprehensive analysis serves as a cornerstone for refining and advancing the heat reduction system, offering a roadmap for future iterations and contributing substantively to the field of temperature regulation technology. Table 12 : Temperature table Conclusion Through the process of determining the extent to which the heat reduction system was successful in resolving the current situation, we were able to successfully accomplish the goals that we had set out to achieve. Additionally, increasing the efficiency of the heat reduction system may lead to a reduction in the amount of water that is consumed, which in turn will lead to a reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases and the promotion of an operation that is more environmentally sustainable. During the course of our investigation, we determined the degree to which the system was able to reduce the temperature of the rooftop to a level that was more manageable. Because of this, we were able to properly evaluate the efficiency of the system. It is possible for the quality of certain things or materials to deteriorate after they have been exposed to temperatures that are higher than the typically experienced norm. The technology makes it easier to maintain a consistent level of quality in manufactured goods by enabling more effective control of the amount of heat that is found. This also makes it simpler to maintain a consistent level of quality Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References Active and passive systems for cool roofs. (2020, October 9). Active and Passive Systems for Cool Roofs - ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820791- 8.00012-2 Almerbati, A., Lorente, S., & Bejan, A. (2015, October). Energy design for dense neighborhoods: One heat pump rejects heat, and the other absorbs heat from the same loop. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 96, 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.05.007 Al Saedi, A., & Kabir, C. (2020, August). Estimation of heat-flow rate from fluid- flow rate. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 191, 107203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107203 Figure 33: Heat Reduction System For Guard House

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Jubin Simen DBKS Norhafizah Binti Ismail1,* , Elyana Anak Ming2 , Alice Anak Berujan3 and Francisca Uyu Anak Bujang4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The project, titled DBKS Cement Tiles (From Recycled Materials), aims to produce environmentally friendly tiles using recycled materials, specifically eggshells and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic. This initiative addresses the reduction of solid waste and offers an alternative to market tiles with lower costs. The project emphasizes the need for materials with special characteristics, including non-rusting properties and no environmental pollution. The literature review identifies eggshells as a suitable additional material due to their favorable physical and mechanical characteristics. The recycling practice is positioned as a vital element in environmental preservation and mitigating negative impacts. Methodological studies guide the project formation, including production planning and testing processes for DBKS Cement Tiles. Successfully achieving the project objective is demonstrated by a compression test result averaging 17.6 MPa. The subsequent water seepage rate test reveals the tiles possess low water seepage rates. The project's influence on material costs is highlighted, showcasing DBKS Cement Tiles as a low-cost alternative compared to market tiles. The comprehensive analysis and discussions affirm the project's success in meeting its objectives. In conclusion, DBKS Cement Tiles represent an achievement in utilizing recycled materials effectively while contributing to sustainability in the tile industry. Keywords: - environmentally friendly, non-rusting, pollution-free CP19 33 Methodology Introduction DBKS Cement Tiles are produced using recycled materials, specifically LDPE Plastic Type (LowDensity) plastic and eggshells. Eggshells serve as an additive in the tile mix. The incorporation of plastic as a decorative material on the tile surface allows for the creation of various patterns and motifs. The haphazard disposal of plastic waste and excess eggshells from sales outlets has led to environmental pollution. By producing DBKS Cement Tiles from these waste materials, the quality of the material is enhanced, contributing to a significant reduction in waste disposal. The production process of DBKS Cement Tiles is also environmentally friendly. The mixing ratio employed is 1:11/2:3 for cement, eggshell, and sand. The shape box, made of plywood, has a designed size of 400 mm x 400 mm x 90 mm. In the market, the available tile sizes include 100 mm x 100 mm x 5 mm, 152 mm x 152 mm x 5.5 mm, and 100 mm x 200 mm x 6.5 mm. Figure 34: Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development 34 Product Results and Discussion The compressive strength of DBKS Cement Tiles was determined at 7 and 28 days for each sample. There are three samples for each test and the results will be taken as the average of these three. Fewer variables have been set for different mixtures, these variables will be changed accordingly while others are set to predict their effect on the mixture. Sample D shows a higher compressive strength compared to Sample A which has a low compressive strength. This shows that the mixing of sample D is very effective compared to other samples. Sample D shows a high compression value of 17.6 MPa. Sample D shows the lowest rate of diffusion compared to other samples. Sample D showed a low water infiltration rate of 4.762% on the 7th day and 5.294% on the 28th day.The conclusion that can be obtained from the data is that Sample D has a high compressive strength and a low water infiltration rate. This is a good tile criteria and can be used as a wall decoration as the purpose of producing DBKS Cement Tiles. Conclusion In conclusion, with this project in the market, the demand for DBKS Tiles in the market can be met and used easily. Therefore, hope that this project can be expanded and improved even more. Although this project seems simple, it has a very high impact on the environment, as nowadays a lot of leather dust and plastic waste are simply thrown away. There is no denying that recycling can prevent the destruction of the environment because the benefits of recycling should be prioritized. With an innovation project like this can further reduce the solid waste and can give awareness to outsiders about the recycling of waste materials. Acknowledgment We am grateful to the respondents and participants who willingly provided their time and input, essential for the data collection and analysis processes. References Andrady, Jambeck, Jenna R,; Geyer, Roland; Wilcox, Chris; Siegler, Theodore R.; Perryman, Miriam; Anthony; Narayan, Ramani; Kara Lavender. “Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean.” Internet; www.science.org/doi/10. 1126/science.1260352 I Mujiarto, - Traksi, (2005). Sifat dan Karakteristik material Plastik dan bahan aditif. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/download/55710349/sifa t_dan_karakteristik_material_plastik_dan_bahan_aditi f.pdf Jamaludin Kasim, Khairul Zaman Dahalan, Jalaludin Harun, Zaidon Ashaari, Abd.Latif Mohmod dan Mohd. Nor Mohd. Yusof(2000), “Effect of Age, Particle Size, Filler Loading and maleated Anhydride Polyproplene on some Properties of bamboo” Them Johor. Retrieved from http://apps2.psmza.edu.my/matrix/eproceeding/pape rs/31.pdf Figure 35: Jubin Simen DBKS

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Rainwater Harvesting System For Domestic Purposes Siti Zuraifa Binti Md Sah1,*, Zee Savastian Bin Laiseh2 , Muhammad Aniq Azri Bin Abdul Azziss3 and Devra Menti Anak Denis Walker4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This research addresses the challenge of irregular access to clean water, particularly in remote areas of the state. Highlighting Malaysia's classification by the World Health Organization (WHO) with high domestic water usage, the study focuses on the pollution of coastal waters and the degradation of marine ecosystems. The proliferation of hazardous algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs poses risks to water safety. The objective is to develop a rainwater collection system for residential use, incorporating activated carbon and moringa seeds. The study evaluates water quality through laboratory tests, comparing results with Malaysia's National Water Quality Standards. Tests, including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, and Turbidity, were conducted at Treatwater & Engineering Sdn. Bhd. The experiment spanned two months for product development and four months for testing. Findings suggest that moringa seeds may elevate turbidity, TDS, alkalinity, and hardness. Cost-effective research and journals support moringa seed application. The recommendation is to use powdered moringa seeds for more efficient water filtration. While offering an alternative clean water source, the study aims to alleviate the burden on the asnaf and provides valuable insights in a wet environment context. Keywords: - rainwater harvesting, water pollution, moringa, domestic water quality CP22 35 Introduction In the modern era, the shortage of clean water for households has become a significant concern. Population growth, urbanization, and pollution are contributing factors to the contamination of water sources. To address this issue, many are turning to rainwater harvesting systems. This study focuses on improving water quality for an asnaf house by designing a water filter with activated carbon and moringa seeds. Our goal is to simplify the process of changing the water filter and assess the harvested water's quality for total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, total alkalinity, turbidity, and pH value. Turbidity measures water cloudiness, pH value indicates acidity or alkalinity, total alkalinity shows water's ability to resist pH changes, TDS measures dissolved substances, and total hardness assesses calcium and magnesium concentration in water. Methodology As we have discussed the methodology that we will use to implement this project. This is intended to give a more in-depth explanation of how this project will be conducted. This chapter encompasses several aspects, including the procurement of materials and equipment, the procedure for manufacturing water filters utilized in rainwater harvesting systems, the examination of treated rainwater samples, and the overview of our product Rainwater harvesting filter AutoCAD drawing Figure 36: Rainwater harvesting filter PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Results and Discussion We have tested our harvested water sample from Treatwater & Engineering Sdn. Bhd and we tested two sample. The laboratory experiment that we test is total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, total hardness, turbidity and pH value test. From the laboratory experiment, the table below shows our data: Table 13: Data for Filtered Rainwater First Sample Table 14: Data for Filtered Rainwater Second Sample Conclusion The project aims to ease the burden of asnaf in accessing clean water for their daily needs. Based on our data analysis, the rainwater harvesting water quality that we tested is safe for asnaf to use the rainwater harvesting system. The filtration system will be capable of effectively removing contaminants and impurities from the rainwater catchment tank. By providing clean water and addressing the test and colour issues in the project aims to improve the health, well-being and overall quality of life for asnaf while promoting environmental sustainability. Acknowledgment First and foremost, we would like to express gratitude to God for completing this project. In order to complete this project, we has diligently gathered relevant information to enhance the quality of this project. A thousand thanks are extended to the project supervisor, Mdm Ts. Siti Zuraifa Binti Md Sah, for the guidance and discussions provided throughout the implementation of this project. She has also provided invaluable teachings, advice, encouragement, and constructive criticism that have enabled us to successfully complete this project. Sincere appreciation is also extended to Mdm Ts. Siti Zuraifa Binti Md Sah for the successful completion of this project. Special thanks are given to the parents, relatives, and friends who have always prayed for the author's success and patiently assisted with unwavering support to ensure the completion of this report. Thank you for the support, encouragement, and spirit provided, as they have been the main source of motivation for us. References 1. Dalvand, A. e. (2016). Comparison of Moringa stenopetala seed extract as a clean coagulant with Alum and Moringa stenopetala-Alum hybrid coagulant to remove direct dye from Textile Wastewater. Environ. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, 16396- 16405. 2. J.L. Hu, W. C. (2018). Comparison of drinking water treatment processes combinations for the minimization of subsequent disinfection by-products formation during chlorination and chloramination. Chem. Eng. J, 352-361. 3. K.R. Crincoli, P. J. (2020). Fenton-driven oxidation of contaminant-spent granular activated carbon (GAC): GAC selection and implications. 4. M. Popov, M. K. (2020). Fate of natural organic matter and oxidation/disinfection by-products formation at a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. 1-12. 5. M.B. Ahmed, J. Z. (2017). Progress in the biological and chemical treatment technologies for emerging contaminant removal from wastewater: a critical review. J. Hazard. Mater, 274-298. 36

Global Sustainability Towards Future Development Keberkesanan Model Struktur Segi Empat Untuk Mengurangkan Halaju Pada Saluran Terbuka Mohd Fahmi Bin Abd Razak1,*, Dines Madil Anak Empali2 , Wisley Garit Anak Bunyau3 and Gregory Anak Badi4 1,2,3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Mukah (of Affiliation) *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This project is undertaken to address erosion and scouring issues affecting an open channel at Politeknik Mukah, Sarawak. The study focuses on the effectiveness of square-shaped structures in reducing the water velocity that leads to erosion and scouring. The investigation considers the size of the square structures, the spacing between them, and seeks the optimum velocity to minimize the impact of erosion and scouring in the open channel. Results indicate that the square-shaped structures with dimensions of 3.5 cm (width) x 3.5 cm (height) x 45 cm (length), arranged in an open channel sized 40 cm (height) x 45 cm (width) x 240 cm (length), with a spacing of 20 cm, are the most effective. Analysis shows a decrease in the values on the graph of y2/y1 (depth ratio) vs Froude number, and an increase in the graph of Q (flow rate) vs energy loss, illustrating the effectiveness of the structures in addressing erosion and scouring issues. The conclusion of the study supports the use of square-shaped structures as a solution to reduce erosion and scouring in the open channel at Politeknik Mukah. Further recommendations include continuous monitoring and ongoing maintenance and repair actions to ensure the long-term effectiveness of these structures. Keywords: - open channel, square shape, erosion and scouring CP23 37 Introduction Open channels are one of the important infrastructures used to drain rain and surface water to larger water sources. However, the water velocity is too high insideOpen channels can cause erosion, environmental damage, and even flooding. Therefore, an effective structural model is needed to reduce water velocity in open channels. This final year project aims to test the effectiveness of the quadrilateral structure model in reducing velocity in open channels. The rectangular structure model consists of a rectangular barrier placed in the middle of an open channel. With this barrier, it is hoped that the air speed can be reduced and the air flow becomes more organized and organized. This study is expected to contribute to the improvement of air infrastructure and a better environment. Methodology Figure 37 : Flowchart PRODUCT EXTENDED ABSTRACT