Finalized Report BQS610

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SARAWAK
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS. )

QSM610/BQS610 - PROJECT MANAGEMENT II

AP2245A

PREPARED FOR : MISS RUTH LUA EJAU

PREPARED BY STUDENT ID
2018265098
NAME
DG NUR AMALINA BINTI AG 2018240228
BUHTAMAM
AFIQAH ILIYANA BINTI SAMSUL 2018438158
BAHARI 2018601314
SYAZA FARINA BINTI AZIZAN
VALENTINA TUNGA ANAK 2017626504
VICTOR DINDANG
CAROLINE ANAK KAJUNG

AP2245A

SUBMISSION DATE : 6TH DECEMBER 2019

PART 1: PROJECT
MANAGEMENT BEST
PRACTICE VS. BAD

PRACTICE (TOPIC
CHOSEN: SAFETY AND
HEALTH MANAGEMENT)

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3
2.0 HAZARDS AND RISKS ON SITE.................................................................................... 5

2.1 Working at Height ........................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Moving Objects............................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Slips, Trips, and Falls .................................................................................................. 7
2.4 Noise ........................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome .................................................................................... 8
2.6 Material and Manual Handling ..................................................................................... 8
2.7 Collapsing Trenches.................................................................................................... 8
2.8 Electricity..................................................................................................................... 9
2.9 Asbestos...................................................................................................................... 9
3.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................................ 10
3.1 Client ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Contractor.................................................................................................................. 10
3.3 Construction Workers ................................................................................................ 11
3.4 Architect .................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Structural Engineer.................................................................................................... 11
3.6 Mechanical and Electrical Engineer ........................................................................... 12
3.7 Project Manager ........................................................................................................ 12
3.8 Quantity Surveyor...................................................................................................... 12
3.9 Site Safety Supervisor ............................................................................................... 13

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4.0 BEST PRACTICES SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ADOPTED
........................................................................................................................................... 14
5.0 BAD PRACTICE OF IGNORING THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY ...... 17
6.0 OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................... 21
7.0 COMPARISON AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 22
8.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 25

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Construction industry is one of the world’s major industries which remain a major
employer of labor whether the percentage of construction workers may be reach to 20%
from society, that makes the necessity for protecting workers from construction accidents
and occupational diseases by health and safety management in construction industry
(Alhassan et al., 2013)

Besides that’s, health and safety at construction sites deals with both physical and
psychological well-being of workers on construction sites and other persons whose health is
like to be adversely affected by construction activities. It is of primary concern to employers,
employees, governments and project participants. Health and safety therefore is an
economic as well as humanitarian concern that requires proper management control (Muiruri
& Mulinge, 2014).

Moreover, many construction activities are inherently health and safety risks such as
working at height, working underground, working in confined spaces and close proximity to
falling materials, handling load manually, handling hazardous substances, noises, dusts,
using plant and equipment, fire, exposure to live cables, poor housekeeping and
ergonomics. In an urban context, health and safety accidents are relatively higher due
to the fact that high rise buildings remain predominant with the fast-growing
complexities of domain-wide construction projects to cope with modernizing cities arena and
high demand for housing, offices, services and other infrastructures due to the high
urbanization. Despite its importance, therefore, construction industry is considered as being
risky with frequent and high accidents rate and ill-health problems to workers, practitioners
and end user (Muiruri & Mulinge, 2014)

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Furthermore, health and safety therefore is an economic as well as humanitarian
concern that requires proper management control. One of the most common myths that
have plagued this industry is that health & safety comes at a cost. Construction managers
tend to believe that introducing and executing measures that ensure health and safety in
construction sector will lead to higher cost, and hence lower profitability. However, it
has been proved that investment in construction health and safety actually increases
the profitability by increasing productivity rates, boosting employee morale and decreasing
attrition (Mohammed, 2003).

Other than that, Construction safety and health management therefore deals with
actions that managers at all levels can take to create an organizational setting in which
workers will be trained and motivated to perform safe and productive construction work. The
system should delineate responsibilities and accountabilities. It should also outline
procedures for eliminating hazards and identifying potential hazards before they become the
contributing factors to unfortunate accidents.

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2.0 HAZARDS AND RISKS ON SITE

A construction site is any piece of land where a building is being built or repaired.
Those who work on construction sites are often required to use large tools and pieces of
machinery, work at height, and in environments where hazardous materials are present.
Because of the nature of such work, working on construction sites can be dangerous.
Construction was found to be the main industry for fatal injuries to workers. Construction
hazards are heavily dependent on the type of construction work that is being carried out. For
example, working on scaffolding presents entirely different hazards to working with asbestos.

The top risks and hazards from working on construction sites includes:

Working at height Moving objects Slips, trips, and falls

Noise Hand arm vibration Material and manual
syndrome handling

Collapsing trenches Asbestos Electricity

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2.1 Working at Height
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) found that just over a quarter of worker

fatalities were from a fall from height. This put working at height as the most common
cause of fatal injuries to workers. Suitable training is required for all employees who work at
height. Employees should be trained in working on different pieces of equipment and
surfaces, such as how to work safely on scaffolding, ladders, and roofs. The law requires
that all employers must assess the risks from working at height. A plan should then be
devised to ensure all work is carried out safely. The employee must have received the
correct training in working at height, and must be aware of the safety procedures they should
follow when doing so. Working at height must be properly planned and supervised, and
certain approaches and precautions should be adopted.

2.2 Moving Objects
A construction site is an ever-changing environment, and construction hazards

continue to increase as construction is underway. There are many moving objects commonly
encountered on construction sites. These include overhead lifting equipment, supply
vehicles, and diggers, all of which move around a usually uneven terrain. Reducing risks
should always be a priority. Workers should always avoid working close to the moving object
and be vigilant of their surroundings, especially if the object does not have lights or beepers.

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2.3 Slips, Trips, and Falls

Slips, trips, and falls can happen in almost any environment. As construction sites
often have uneven terrain, buildings at various stages of completion, and unused materials
on site, it is unsurprising that slips, trips, and falls are a common hazard. HSE reports that
several thousand construction workers are injured every year following a slip or trip, and that
most of these could be avoided by effectively managing working areas and access routes,
such as stairwells and footpaths. Those in control of construction sites must effectively
manage the site so that workers can move around it safely. Risks should always be reported
and sorted to reduce the chances of injury.

Some causes of slips and trips and how to prevent them include uneven surfaces
where this risk can be reduced by providing walkways that are clearly designated as
walkways, having good conditions underfoot, and being well lit. Second, obstacles, where
chances of slipping and tripping over obstacles can be dramatically reduced by everyone
keeping their work and storage areas tidy and designating specific areas for waste
collection. Third, trailing cables where cordless tools should be used where possible. Lastly,
wet or slippery surfaces where a surface is slippery with mud it should be treated with stone,
and if it is slippery with ice it should be treated with grit. Any areas that are slippery should
be signposted, and footwear with a good grip should be worn.

2.4 Noise

Construction is noisy and, as a result, noise is a common construction hazard. Loud,
repetitive, and excessive noise causes long term hearing problems, such as deafness. Noise
can also be a dangerous distraction and may distract the worker from the task at hand,
which can cause accidents. It is the employer’s responsibility to carry out a comprehensive
noise risk assessment.

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2.5 Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a painful and debilitating disease of the
blood vessels, nerves, and joints. It is usually caused by the prolonged use of hand-held
power tools, including vibratory power tools and ground working equipment. HAVS is
preventable, however once the damage is done, it is permanent. HSE reports that nearly 2
million people are at risk of developing HAVS. Damage from the disease can include the
inability to do fine work, and cold temperatures can trigger painful attacks in the fingers.
Construction workers should be given appropriate protection when using vibrating tools, and
equipment should be well maintained.

2.6 Material and Manual Handling

Materials and equipment are constantly being lifted and moved around construction
sites, whether this will be handled manually or by equipment. Either way, handling carries a
degree of risk.

2.7 Collapsing Trenches

A common occurrence on construction sites is the collapsing of trenches with
workers inside. Furthermore, a building that is being demolished or under construction can
suddenly and unexpectedly collapse, which can seriously injure, or even kill, those inside.
Precautions for collapse need to be taken before work starts. If the project requires a trench,
site managers should consider the kind of support that is best suited for the trench, ensure
the trench is fully secure and lastly regularly inspect the trench both before and during the
work shift.

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2.8 Electricity
It is harmful to be exposed to electrical live parts. Harm can occur either by touching

live parts directly or indirectly by a conducting object or material. HSE reports that 1,000
electrical accidents at work are reported every year. Most of these accidents arise from
contact with overhead or underground power cables and electrical equipment or machinery.
Electric shocks are a common cause for falls from ladders, scaffolds, and other work
platforms. There is also a growing number of electrocutions involving workers who are not
qualified electricians, but who are carrying out electrical work on construction sites.

2.9 Asbestos
Asbestos refers to a set of six naturally occurring fibrous minerals. When materials

that contain asbestos are disturbed or damaged, these fibres are released into the air.
Inhaling these fibres can cause fatal and serious diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis,
and pleural thickening. Asbestos kills around 5,000 workers per year, and an average of 20
trades people die every week as a result of past exposure. If there is asbestos on the
construction site, workers must be informed where it is. They must be trained in what to do
should they come across suspicious materials that may contain asbestos.

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3.0 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A construction project is a tall order and requires many different people with different

skill sets to execute it. The construction industry has one of the largest network supply chain
from clients, consultants, contractors, suppliers, manufacture, the financial insurance
institution and the consumer. Every party such as client, contractor, consultant and site
safety supervisor has their own roles and responsibilities on site.

3.1 Client
Client is the one who owns the whole construction site and supports money to build

his building with his desire organization. He settles the project completion date which
governs the scheduling of work for both the designer and contractor. He should set priorities
for the components that make-up the project. A client is the person who owns the project
and has full authority to control the whole project. He is mainly involved in the process for
supporting the financial matter for the construction project to go through easily. He has to
pay for fees and charges associated with the work. Besides, he has to work together with
architect and other consultants to achieve the goal of the construction project.

3.2 Contractor
The contractor is responsible in constructing and delivering the project on time. The

construction contractor must develop a schedule for all construction activities in accordance
with the contract documents. It should include procurement and delivery of materials to the
job, coordination of labour and equipment on the job, and interface the work of all sub-
contractors. The objective of the construction schedule should be to effectively manage the
work to procedure the best quality project for the owner. The purpose of construction
scheduling should not be to settle disputes related to project work but to manage the project
in the most efficient manner.

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3.3 Construction Workers
Construction workers are different according to their different fields. They are a very

special breed of worker. They own their specific jobs, duties and responsibilities in the
construction sites. They have to follow the client to achieve their functions.

3.4 Architect
The responsibility of an architect is to prepare construction drawings and

specifications. Sometimes, he lodges the planning application and building warrants in co-
ordination with the rest of the team. He acts as the leader of the rest of the design team to
the client’s requirements design. In addition, he will define client’s requirements, arrange site
investigations, establish the preferred solution, develop the design, prepare room data
sheets and advice on materials selection. Architect monitors the construction of the project
to assure that construction is in accordance with the plans and specifications prepared by
the architect and approved by the Owner and Contractor. He has to engage in inspection
and completion of the building process for the designing and supervising of the building work
which the architect has full control of the proceedings.

3.5 Structural Engineer
The responsibility of the Structural Engineer is to design the building structure,

including the drainage installation. SE must co-ordinate their design to meet the architect’s
design and give advice to client on the most appropriate form of structure for the building.
Besides, he also supports cost advice to the Quantity Surveyor involving to all aspects of the
building structure.

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3.6 Mechanical and Electrical Engineer
The responsibility of the services engineer is to specify and design all the services for

mechanical and electrical according to the client requirements. He has to co-ordinate with
the Architect and the Structural Engineer to meet the client requirements. Besides, he also
supports the cost advice to the Quantity Surveyor as required to allow cost planning and
monitoring. In addition, he provides the advice the client to make best decisions in terms of
energy use, sustainability, lifecycle costs and relevant green alternative.

3.7 Project Manager
Project Manager is the person who has the responsibility for ensuring that the Project

Team completes the project. The Project Manager develops the Project Plan with the team
and manages the team’s performance of project tasks. It is also the responsibility of the
Project Manager to secure acceptance and approval of deliverables from the Project
Sponsor and Stakeholders. The Project Manager is responsible for communication, including
status reporting, risk management, escalation of issues that cannot be resolved in the team,
and, in general, making sure the project is delivered in budget, on schedule, and within
scope.

3.8 Quantity Surveyor
The Quantity Surveyor provides the client with advice on building costs and

contractual matters throughout the building process, in addition, acts as a consultant to the
architect. He also supports for the preparing the tender documentation, receiving and
analyzing tenders and preparing the tender report for the client and recommendations for
approval.

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3.9 Site Safety Supervisor
Site Safety Supervisor is employed by the health and safety law enforcement agency

to ensure that the construction project site has to follow the safety regulations and codes of
practice relating to the Health and Safety at Work act are observed on the building sites. Site
Safety Supervisor co-ordinates the Health & Safety aspects of the design work, and co-
operate with the other consultants employed on the project. He prepares the Pre-Contract
Health and Safety Plan and work with all the other consultants to ensure that Safety is high
on the project agenda

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4.0 BEST PRACTICES SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ADOPTED
A case study of High-Rise Projects in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Safety issues have gained vital importance throughout the construction industry. Many
construction companies are implementing safety, health and environmental management
systems to reduce injuries, eliminate illness, and to provide a safe work environment in their
construction sites.
a) Regular training to workers regarding safety awareness at construction site

Basically, the company provides regular training to workers regarding safety
awareness at construction site, execute accidents investigation and implement safety
inspection.

b) Accidents investigation
Construction accident investigation is a service that hopefully will be rarely used. The
focus of the safety efforts should be on prevention of accidents through a safety
program. When the worst happens, the professionals are ready to step up. Bringing in
a third-party investigator ensures and objective investigation. Incidents that involve no
injury or property damage should still be investigated to determine the hazards that
should be corrected. When a serious construction accident occurs, it is important that
construction companies conduct a prompt and through accident investigation. An
incomplete, inaccurate or biased investigation can aggravate the problem and increase
potential ability. Accident investigations are carried out by the safety professionals who
will visit the scene to obtain the facts.

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c) Safety Inspection

In this case study, construction safety inspection are the most effective means of
identifying hazardous conditions at the worksite. Construction sites require constant
monitoring and observations to keep ahead of safety issues. Construction safety
inspections identify hazards and provide opportunities to fix problems before injuries
and accidents can occur.

d) Instruments for new workers

It is always required for the new workers to use Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE)
when in construction sites. At a minimum, each employee is required to wear a safety
helmet and safety glasses. High visibility safety vests with reflective striping are
required when employees are exposed to vehicular traffic. In the absences of vehicular
traffic, high visibility shirts should be worn at all times. All workers must wear shirts
with sleeves, long work pants, and sturdy work shoes or boots when working on site.
Sleeveless or tank top shirts, short pants, sweatpants, sneakers, sandal, and high-
heeled or open-toes shoes are not permitted.

e) Daily toolbox & Site monthly meeting

Worker safety should be the number one priority of every construction company.
Safety meetings and toolbox talks should be conducted on a regular basis to educate
workers on safe work practices and stay compliant with regulations regarding safety
and training. Safety meetings and toolbox talks are important to building a stronf safety
culture and reinforcing the company’s commitment to protect the workers. Holding
regular safety meetings and toolbox talks can prevent workers from getting complacent
and avoid taking safety for granted. These meetings and talks are also the perfect time

15

to introduce new safety policies and procedures that the company implement as well
as to provide training on new safety rules and regulations in order to stay compliant
with state and federal standards.

f) Regular training to management level and supervision team regarding safety
awareness at construction site.
Not only training for workers but also to management level and supervision team.

g) Safety introduction awareness and campaign
To continuously enhance the safety standard of the construction industry, the
Occupational Safety and Health organize the construction safety promotional
campaign. This campaign aims at enhancing the awareness of workers about working
safety in the construction industry and fostering the culture of occupational safety and
health.

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5.0 BAD PRACTICE OF IGNORING THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY
A Case Study of Construction Projects in Kenya

Construction workplaces the workers are exposed to hazards of occupational
diseases and injuries and the adverse effects of excessively long hours of work. Machines,
plants and other sophisticated construction equipment pose danger to the operators, who in
most cases do not have prior skills for operating such machines or plants. A worker should
be assigned duties in relation to his physical and mental health and skills. Furthermore,
employers should have complete control over their employees and therefore ensure
adherence to safety practices. The company must comply with all provisions of safety and
health regulations that pertain to the construction itself.

A number of factors having a negative impact on health and safety management in
developing countries which include poor infrastructure, problems of communication due to
low literacy level, unregulated practices on construction sites, adherence to traditional
method of working, non-availability of equipment, extreme weather conditions, improper use
of equipment and corruption. The culture of the construction industry in developing countries
also does not promote health and safety. The practices of competitive tendering and award
of most public contracts to the lowest bidder in many developing countries compels
contractors to drive their prices low while cutting costs which in turn affects health and
safety.

Health and Safety Measure in this Case Study

a) Site Layout and Planning

A badly planned and untidy site is the underlying cause of many accidents. This results
from falls of material and collisions between workers and plant or equipment. Space
constraints, particularly in urban work sites are nearly always the biggest limiting factor
and a layout which caters best for the safety and health of workers may appear to be
difficult to reconcile with productivity. Proper planning by management is and essential

17

part of preparation and budgeting for the safe and efficient running of a construction
operation. There are many accidents due to tripping, slipping or falling over materials
and equipment which have been left lying around and stepping on nails which have
been left projecting from timber.

b) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

In this case study, the construction workers on the sites are lacked appropriate
protective equipment. For instance, workers were noted carrying out high risk activities
such as painting, excavations, concreting among others without the right protective
gear such as helmets, masks, earmuffs, goggles and overalls. The personal protective
equipment provided is rarely inspected and this means that construction workers work
without anyone confirming that they are in the right protective gear. Given that most of
the workers do not have the requisite health and safety training it is possible that they
are unaware of the role of personal protective equipment hence inspection for the
same is important to ensure compliance and proper use. Also despite the importance
of site layout planning the low percentage indicates that health and safety issues are
rarely considered when planning.

c) First aid Kits and Accident Reporting

In this case study, the construction sites only had first aid boxes were ill equipped with
only spirit, bandage and cotton wool. Again, the requirement that at least one person
on every shift should be trained in first aid to a nationally recognized standard was not
met since no respondent indicated having been trained as a first aider. First aid is a life
saving exercise which is taken for granted on the sites visited and shows that workers
are exposed to danger and risks when injured. Considering that accidents are rampant

18

in construction sited as respondents indicated having witnessed some sort of accident
first aid facilities is necessary.

d) Health and Safety Warning Signs
Safety Signs and Signals are one of the main means of communicating health and
safety information. This includes the use of illuminated signs, hand and acoustic
signals (e.g. fire alarms), spoken communication and the marking of pipework
containing dangerous substances. Traditional signboards, such as prohibition and
warning signs, signs for fire exits, fire action plan notices (fire drills) and fire-fighting
equipment are also considered to be Safety Signs. It is critical that all Safety Signs and
Signals can be easily understood. Where signboards are used in a workplace, they
should be sufficiently large and clear so that they can be easily seen and understood.
Signboards also need to be durable, securely fastened and properly maintained to
ensure they remain visible. Care must be taken to avoid using too many signboards in
close proximity, signboards are only effective if they can be seen and understood. If
too many signs are placed together there is a danger of confusion or of important
information being overlooked (HSE 2009).

e) Safety Policy
The absence of site meetings implies that workers are not given a forum learn about
various risks on the sites and supervisors equally do not have opportunities to
communicate important health and safety mattersto the workers. Site meetings are
one of the ways of sensitizing workers on their health and safety in the site and should
therefore be held frequent.

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f) Health and Safety Training in Construction Sites
In this case study, the training and introduction carried out in construction sites is
inadequate and hence there is need to review the same and probably implement a
training program on health and safety since it is required that all employees must be
given health and safety induction training when they start work, if risks change, and
refresher training when skills are not frequently used.

g) Welfare Facilities
Health and safety measures employed on construction sites are inadequate and fail to
meet the required standards. The culture and attitude of construction workers and the
site supervisors about health and safety often condone risk taking and unsafe work
practices. Lack of proper information and ignorance are also to blame for the poor
safety measures in construction sites. For instance, some workers felt that the safety
equipment’s such as hard helmets and reinforced boots are too cumbersome and
uncomfortable.

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6.0 OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSION
The causes of accidents were usually due to workers lack of training, unskilled

workers, workers unsafe acts, unsafe condition, poor site safety management and less
awareness of hazardous activities at work site. In addition, implement de-merit and merit
system among sub-contractors, suppliers and even employees regarding safety at
workplace matters and develop a proper site layout planning as one of the prevention
method, It is important that all parties to cooperate to implement the preventive measures in
dealing with safety matters at high-rise building construction site.

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7.0 COMPARISON AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Compare between the two-case study, one case study is best practice safety and

health management technique adopted and the other one is bad practice of ignoring the
importance of health and safety at construction workplace. For the best practice safety and
health management technique, always set safety and health as the top priority which means
tell all the workers to making sure they finish the day and go home safely and to assure to
find and fix any hazards that could injure them or make them sick. Lead by example which
means practice safe behaviors and make safety part of the daily conversations with workers,
implement a reporting system, provide training, conduct inspections, collects hazard control
ideas, implement hazard controls, address emergencies and make improvements.
Meanwhile, the bad practices of ignoring the importance of health management technique is
the number or injuries occur will increasing due to inadequate personal and protective
equipment, poor maintenance of personal protective gear, lack of top management support
in the mechanisms, inadequate welfare facilities, absence of safety and health committees,
unawareness of health and safety matters among the workers and lack of equipped first aids
kits on the construction sites.

As for the recommendation, employers and contractors should provide suitable
programmes that are consistent with national Laws and Regulations to ensure the health
and safety of workers. This includes maintaining a workplace that has minimal risks and
accidents that can result in injury or death. They should also ensure that a competent person
inspects the construction project site at suitable intervals to ensure safety guidelines are
adhered to. Besides that, employers must make an assessment ofthe health and safety risks
to which employees and others are exposed on construction sites. The significant findings
must be recorded where five of more people are employed. Since managing health and
safety is different from managing any other aspect in construction there need to do a risk
assessment to find out about the risks, and to put sensible measures in place to control
them, and make sure they stay controlled. Contractors must keep accident registers at sites

22

and make record of all kind of accidents from minor bruises to major and fatal accidents, and
submit reports to Directorate of Occupational Health and safety services. All employees
must be given health and safety induction training when they start work, which should cover
basics such as first aid and fire safety. Training must also be provided if risks change, and
refresher training when skills are not frequently used.

Other than that, Contractors should make provision for safety and health when
preparing bids. The provision for safety and health must be made competitive with the aim to
compete with other bidders and to avoid a monetary loss. Costs for Personal Protective
Equipment’s measures should be explored and explicitly be part of tendering and costing for
the project implementation. Meanwhile, Site supervisory staff should be sensitized with
Occupational Health and Safety and should share that knowledge with co-workers. The
supervisors should incorporate safety officers to make rules, warning signs and other
measures governing the sites. The rules should apply to everyone on site and should be in
writing and be brought to the attention of all those who may be affected. Workers at a
construction site have a right to proper information regarding their safety before
commencement of a project. This information should be presented in a language that they
understand, and workers must wear their personal protective equipment properly and as
directed by their employer or comply by the person in control of the site. They should take
care of the equipment, not misuse them and report any defects and problems to the
supervisors.

Furthermore, Massive education campaigns be launched to arouse awareness
among all parties with direct or indirect bearing on accidents occurrence and their
prevention. The Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety services should incorporate
an information and education wing in which a data bank of educative materials on health and
safety measures can be kept and practical methods of disseminating them to relevant
parties developed. The Directorate of Occupational Health and Safety services must ensure
that the construction sites are inspected regularly for health and safety as provided in OSHA.

23

In order to enhance the role of management in health and safety the existing legislation
should be amended to put more emphasis on role of management. Provisions should be
made to make it a statutory duty for every contractor to have a safety management
programme on site. Contractors should be compelled to draw up safety responsibilities and
authority structure which should be available in every site to inform all parties as to their
responsibilities as far as health and safety is concerned. Finally, all parties in construction
project must contribute their rightful parts towards making construction sites healthy and
safe.

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8.0 REFERENCES
1. Abdullah, D. (2013). Health and Safety Management in Construction Industry. SUST
Repository.
2. Goh, K. C., Goh, H. H., Omar, M. F., Toh, T. C., & Mohd Zain, A. A. (2016).
Accidents Preventive Practice for High-Rise Construction. MATEC.
3. Muimuri, G., & Mulinge, C. (2014). Health and Safety Management on Construction
Projects Sites in KenyaA Case Study of Construction Projects in Nairobi County. FIG.
4. Essays, UK. (November 2018). Roles and Responsibilities in Construction Project.

25

PRESENTATION SLIDES

UNIVERSITI TEKN

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTU

TASK 1 TITLE : PROJECT MANAGEMENT BEST PRACTIC
PROGRAMME : BACHELOR
COURSE : BQS610 - P
CLAS
PREPARED FOR
PRE

NAME
DG NUR AMALINA BINTI AG BUHTAMAM
AFIQAH ILIYANA BINTI SAMSUL BAHARI
SYAZA FARINA BINTI AZIZAN
VALENTINA TUNGA ANAK VICTOR DINDANG
CAROLINE ANAK KAJUNG

NOLOGI MARA SARAWAK

URE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

CE VS. BAD PRACTICE (SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT)
OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)
PROJECT MANAGEMENT II
SS : AP2245A
R : MISS RUTH LUA EJAU
EPARED BY

STUDENT ID
2018265098
2018240228
2018438158
2018601314
2017626504





INTRODU

•C o n s t r u c t i o n i n d u s
industries which r
whether the percent
reach to 20% from
protecting workers
occupational disease
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workers on construc
health is like to be
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employees, governm
and safety therefo
humanitarian concer
control.

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tage of construction workers may be
society, that makes the necessity for

from construction accidents and
s by health and safety management in
y.

lth and safety at construction sites
sical and psychological well-being of
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e adversely affected by construction
of primary concern to employers,
ents and project participants. Health
ore is an economic as well as
rn that Requires proper management

HAZARDS AND R

Working at Mov
height obje

Noise Hand
vibra
syndr

Collapsing Asbe
trenches

RISKS ON SITE
ving Slips, trips,
ects and falls

d arm Material and
ation manual
rome handling

estos Electricity

ROLES AND RES

C

Con
W

Contractor

Mechanical and
Electrical
Engineer

Structural P
Engineer Ma

SPONSIBILITIES

Client

nstruction
Workers

Architect

Quantity
Surveyor

Project Site Safety
anager Supervisor

BEST PRACTICES SAFETY
TECHNIQUES ADOPTED

A case study of High-Rise Projects in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Safety issues have gained vital importance throughout the
industry. Many construction companies are implementing
and environmental management systems to reduce injuri
illness, and to provide a safe work environment in their constru

Regular training to Accidents investigation
workers regarding safety

awareness at
construction site

Daily toolbox & Site Regular
monthly meeting managem

superv
regard

awar
constru

AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

construction
safety, health
ies, eliminate
uction sites.

Safety Inspection Instruments for new
workers

r training to Safety introduction
ment level and awareness and
vision team campaign
ding safety
reness at
uction site.

BAD PRACTICE
IMPORTANCE OF

A case study of c

Construction w
exposed to hazar
injuries and the
long hours of wo
a negative imp
management in
include poor
communication
unregulated pra
adherence to tr
non-availability
conditions, impr
corruption.

OF IGNORING THE
F HEALTH AND SAFETY

onstruction projects in Kenya

workplaces the workers are
ds of occupational diseases and
adverse effects of excessively

ork. A number of factors having
pact on health and safety

developing countries which
infrastructure, problems of
due to low literacy level,
actices on construction sites,
aditional method of working,
of equipment, extreme weather
roper use of equipment and

BAD PRACTICE
IMPORTANCE OF

Site L
an

Plan

Welfare
Facilities

Health and Health
Safety Saf
Mea
Training in
Constructio

n Sites

Safety
Policy

OF IGNORING THE
F HEALTH AND SAFETY

Layout
nd
nning

Personal
Protective
Equipment

(PPE)

h and First aid
fety Kits and
asure Accident
Reporting

Health and
Safety

Warning
Signs

OBSERVATION

• The causes of accidents were usually d
workers, workers unsafe acts, unsafe co
less awareness of hazardous activities a

• In addition, implement de-merit and m
suppliers and even employees regardin
proper site layout planning as one of th
all parties to cooperate to implement th
safety matters at high-rise building con

AND CONCLUSION

due to workers lack of training, unskilled
ondition, poor site safety management and
at work site.

merit system among sub-contractors,
ng safety at workplace matters and develop a
he prevention method, It is important that
he preventive measures in dealing with
nstruction site.

COMPARISON AND

• For the best practice safety and health manag
top priority which means tell all the worke
safely and to assure to find and fix any hazard
example which means practice safe behaviors
workers, implement a reporting system, pr
control ideas, implement hazard controls, add

• Meanwhile, the bad practices of ignoring the
number or injuries occur will increasing du
poor maintenance of personal protective
mechanisms, inadequate welfare facilities, ab
of health and safety matters among the w
construction sites.

• As for the recommendation, employers and c
are consistent with national Laws and Regula

D RECOMMENDATIONS

gement technique, always set safety and health as the
rs to making sure they finish the day and go home
ds that could injure them or make them sick. Lead by
s and make safety part of the daily conversations with
rovide training, conduct inspections, collects hazard
dress emergencies and make improvements.

e importance of health management technique is the
ue to inadequate personal and protective equipment,

gear, lack of top management support in the
bsence of safety and health committees, unawareness
workers and lack of equipped first aids kits on the

contractors should provide suitable programmes that
ations to ensure the health and safety of workers.

REFER

• Abdullah, D. (2013). Health and S
Industry. SUST Repository.

• Goh, K. C., Goh, H. H., Omar, M.
(2016). Accidents Preventive Pract
MATEC.

• Muimuri, G., & Mulinge, C. (2014)
Construction Projects Sites in Ken
Projects in Nairobi County. FIG.

• Essays, UK. (November 2018). Ro
Construction Project.

RENCES

Safety Management in Construction

. F., Toh, T. C., & Mohd Zain, A. A.
tice for High-Rise Construction.

). Health and Safety Management on
nyaA Case Study of Construction

oles and Responsibilities in