2A ROOF AND WALL CLADDING

ROOFING AND

WALL CLADDING

MATERIALS

Prepared for :
Madam Hazwani Binti

Ramli

Prepared by:

Irsyad Emir Bin Mohd Rozany 2020477286

Nor Syalmi Azira Binti Limi Hawari 2020476908

Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Khamarudin 2020602008

Mohamad Syazwan Hafiz Bin Mohamed Amin 2020482748

TABLE OF CONTENT

Pitched Roof Flat Roof

1 Definition 8 Definition
2 Components of Pitched Roof 8 Types of Flat Roof
3-4 Types of Pitched Roof 9-10 Components of Flat Roof
5 Materials of Pitched Roof 11-12 Materials of Flat Roof
6 Properties of Pitched Roof 13 Advantages & Disadvantages
7 Advantages & Disadvantages

Wall Cladding

14 Definition
15 Types of Wall Cladding

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of foremost, we would like to express
our deepest appreciation to our lecturer, Madam
Hazwani Ramli for giving us a chance to
complete this interesting and challenging
assignment. We have benefited significantly
from her guidance and support throughout the
completion of this infographic handbook.

We would like to take this opportunity to
thank our fellow friends for providing necessary
information and advice for this handbook. We
deeply appreciate their help and support.

Many people, especially our classmates and
team members itself, have made valuable
comment suggestions on this proposal which
gave us an inspiration to improve our
assignment. We thank all the people for their
help directly and indirectly to complete our
assignment.

Last but not least, we sincerely express our
gratitude to our family for their encouragement.
Our appreciation cannot be expressed by mere
words. Thank you for your support.

WHAT IS

PITCHED ROOF?

A pitched roof is a roof comprising a sloping surface or surfaces with
an angle of usually over 20 degrees. To be more specific – a pitched
roof requires a pitch of more than 10 degrees or a roof with two
slopes that meet at a central ridge. But sometimes in one part, from
one edge to another.

Pitched roofs offer a more
classical appearance. They
remain the most common and
efficient solution in wet and
cold weathers to ensure
maximum protection.

FUN FACTS!

Roofs breathe! - As funny as it may sound, a roof needs air. Roof
ventilation, i.e: the flow of air on the underside of a roof deck, is
one of the most critical aspects of the whole roof system. Roof
ventilation allows warm, moist air to escape and cooler, drier air to
come into the attic.

Components of
Pitched Roof

Ridge Hip
Gable/Rake Eave
Valley Hipped end
Soffit Dormer

Types of
Pitched Roof

Strutted Purlin Roof Trussed Rafter

Purlin gives intermediate The fink or 'W' truss is the most
support to the rafters which in common form of the trussed rafter
turn reduces the size of the in modern house construction and
rafters to the economical range. can be designed to accommodate
It is also known as rafter and many different pitch angles.
purlin roof. The rafters are Trussed roof are provided at
provided at 20 to 40 cm c/c suitable intervals along the length
spacing and each rafter is of the beam when the span of the
supported at three points: ridge, roof exceeds 5 meters and where
purlin and wall plate. there are no inside walls to
support the purlins.
Closed Couple Roof

In closed couple roof, the legs
of the common rafter are
connected by a horizontal tie
beam to prevent the walls
from overturning and thrusting.
It is economically suitable for
span up to 5 meters.

Types of
Pitched Roof

Couple Roof

Couple roof is formed by a pair of
rafters which slope to both sides
of the ridge of the roof. The upper
ends of rafter are nailed to a
common ridge while the lower
ends are nailed to the wooden
wall plates. Couple roof is
applicable for span up to 3.5
meters.

Mono Pitch Roof

In mono pitch roof, the common
rafters are provided as the top
chord. It comprises a series of
rafters fixed to plates at the top
of a wall and the rafter feet are
nailed to a wall plate, which
distributes the load evenly
across the supporting wall.

Collar Beam Roof

Collar beam roof is similar to
coupled close roof except that in
the latter case, a tie beam is
raised and placed at a one-third
to one-half of vertical height from
wall plate to ridge. This raised
beam is known as the collar beam
or collar tie. It is used when the
span increases or when the load
is more. Collar beam roof is
suitable for span up to 5 meters.

MATERIALS OF
PITCHED ROOF

Clay Asphalt
Slate Shingles
Wood Metal

PROPERTIES OF PITCHED ROOF

THERMAL ENERGY SAVINGS
INSULATION
The building envelope accounts for
Buildings with pitched roofs are roughly about 25–35% of energy losses within
10-15% more compact than those with a a building. The pitched roof is
flat roof. This significant reduction constructed to allow natural
translates into higher thermal insulation ventilation between the outer layer
by simply limiting the size of the surface and the constructing conserves
exposed to the exterior. power.

SUSTAINABILITY DURABILITY

There is a wide range of roofing tiles Aside from replacing any storm-
with sustainable credentials, and solar damaged shingles or metal sheeting
panels are easily and efficiently and keeping gutters and downpipes
integrated within the structure of a clear of debris, a pitch roof needs
pitched roofs. less maintenance than a low slope
roof.

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF

PITCHED ROOF

Advantages Disadvantages

Aesthetic appeal Leakage problem
Pitched roofs are visible from the ground If the valleys are not sealed together
and come in variety of shapes and sizes, properly, rainwater can get inside as
giving homeowners an additional way to it runs down the roof.
express their style.
Expense
Additional space Pitched roofs are expensive to
Pitched roof creates extra space that can install and maintain. Additional
be used as attic storage or further living building materials and extra
space, without the costs associated with manpower also cost more with
adding a new storey. complex design.

Ventilation Foundation
The space between a pitched roof and an Pitched roofs place a greater
interior roof allows for better ventilation, burden on the foundations of the
eliminating hot air in summer and cold building which may affect the
air in winter from the roof space. depth of the footings.

Solar panel installation Pitched roof are not flexible for
Most solar panels need to be positioned buildings with multiple levels or
on a diagonal so installing them on a complex plans.
pitched roofs that are already angled
makes it more simple process.

Weather resilience
Pitched roofs provide more stability
during heavy rainfall and offer more
effective drainage. The water drains off a
pitched roof easily and uniformly.

Rainwater reuse
Water drains easily off a pitched roof into
the gutter and modern roof tiles have no
effect on water quality. They are easier to
maintain and modify than flat roof
drainage.

FLAT ROOF

having a roof pitch below 1.5
degrees or a Fall of 1 in 40 and
can comprise of different
products

Types of flat roof

1. Bitumen Roofing 2. Liquid Membrane

Waterproofing Layers (1-2 layers depending on system) Waterproofing Layers (1-2 layers depending on system)
Iinnssuullaattiioonn lwocitahtiVonapcoaunrvBaarryrideerp(etnhdisinBgarornietrhestsoypsstecmondensation). The Insulation with Vapour Barrier (this Barrier stops condensation).
diTthesesuigRsanogeodef St(ito.reau. cBcctaoulcmroemncyoad/nSautbneedteehictekh)leoradtiimngberreqourirceodncbryettehaenrdooshf otuylpdebaend The insulation location can vary depending on the system
The roof structure can be made of wood/concrete or steel
structural deck and should be built to meet the loads required
by the roof type and usage (i.e. balcony/sundeck)

3. Single Ply Roofing 4. Green Roofs

Single ply membranes are strong, flexible sheets composed The basic build up of a green roof is three layered: drainage,
predominately of synthetic polymer. Thickness is in the range 1.1mm to filter and vegetation layer. The waterproofing can be from the
2mm. Some products are homogeneous, others reinforced with glass three previous roofing materials
fibre or polyester, depending upon the application

FLAT ROOF 3. A vapour barrier

THE COMPONENT A layer for a roof after installed a
OF FLAT ROOF insulation on top of the deck

1. A roof deck

Flat rooftops rest on a substrate
made from plywood, boards or
sheets that give the base of all the
other layers of the roof

2. The base layer 4. Roof insulation

This layer more often than not
comprises of a fiberglass tangle
of the thickness decided based
on the climate conditions of the
zone of installation, but there are
other fabric choices available as
well

A primary layer of the real flat roof and it
ordinarily comes within the frame of
huge felt mats rolled out on the surface
of the roof and settled into put with a
strategy of choice

FLAT ROOF 6. Waterproof
membrane
THE component
OF FLAT ROOF A layer in roof that can comprise this
should prevent water reaching the
5. A protection board roof structure and the room below

This layer goes on top of the insulation in
the event that the cover is on the deck
and straightforwardly on the deck on the
off chance that the insulation is
underneath and it plays the part of
evening the surface for the following
layer

7. Load bearing
supportive structure

Transmits the weight of the roof and
any loads acting on it onto the
loadbearing walls. In residential
buildings, the structure is as a rule
within the frame of timber joists in
spite of the fact that it may be
concrete or indeed steel structures
can be used.

FLAT ROOF Known technically as elastomeric
or plastomeric roof membrane
THE materials OF consists of Neoprene, EPDM,
FLAT ROOF PVC and Polymer-modified
bitumens.
1. Single Layer
Membrane Roof They can be in part free laid and
held down completely followed to
the roof deck. EPDM and
Neoprene roof creases are
secured by cement and PVC roof
creases are warm or dissolvable
welded.

These rooftops made of synthetic
rubber or polymer are introduced
as thin sheet materials 0.030 to
0.060 inches thick and are
connected to the roof in a single
layer.

2. Modified Bitumen
Roofing

These rooftops can be installed
utilizing any number of strategies
which are decided by the project's
particular requirements.

The polymer utilized within the cap
sheet gives progressed versatility
and flexibility in lower temperatures.
The foremost commonly utilized
polymers are atactic polypropylene
(APP) and styrene butadiene
styrene (SBS). SBS confers a
rubber-like characteristic to the
bitumen.

3. Built Up Roofing A commercial standing seam
metal roof is the ideal choice for a
Built-up rooftops are introduced building with a roof slope greater
utilizing a few layers of a special than 2 inches. Metal is different
sort of material felt that has been from most other commercial
black-top impregnated and roofing material types for a few
implanted in bitumen connected reasons.
with a hot wipe.
Metal roofing has the longest
The hot-applied black-top or coal lifespan, lasting between 20 and
tar pitch mixes with the bitumen 30 years.
splashed roof felt and makes a
solid roof film. The roof Metal is an extremely durable
felt/asphalt tar layering is material and is immune to cracks
rehashed in covering layers until that affect single-ply roofs.
the gathering is two to fours
utilizes in thickness.

4. Metal Roofing

FLAT ROOF

Advantages & disadvantages

• LESS EXPENSIVE
• SIMPLE SUPPORT BEAMS
• LESS LABOR & SUPPLIES

• MAY OPT TO HAVE INTERIOR
CEILING EXTENDED

• EXTRA SUPPORT ADDED TO
FLAT ROOF

• ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR
OUTDOOR ENTERTAINING

• THE ROOF DOESN'T DRAIN
NORMALLY SO WATER EASY
ACCUMULATE

• STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

• LIFESPAN AS SHORT AS 10 YEARS

• AFFECTED BY TH E MA INTENA N C E
MEASURES TH AT ARE TAKEN

• FLAT ROOF CONTINUED EXPOSE TO
SUN

• HOME BECOME UNCOMFORTABLY
WARM

Wall Cladding

WHAT IS WALL CLADDING?

Wall cladding is the process of layering one
material on top of another material which will
create a skin layer over the walls. Cladding
adds the view and appearance to the floor,
walls, facades, interiors and baseboards.

WHY USE WALL PERFORMANCE
CLADDING? CONSIDERATIONS OF

Serves as a barrier against direct WALL CLADDING
exposure of the walls to the
elements and their harmful Appearance :-
influence. There are wide range of textures,
Provide thermal insulation to the colours, styles and finishes for wall
exterior facades and maintaining claddings available.
internal heat load condition.
Improves structural integrity and Colour :-
the resistance to cracking. The colour of wall cladding
Serve as decorative and aesthetic influences its capacity to absorb or
purposes reflect heat.
Provide the right acoustic for
sound insulation or absorption Texture :-
Ease of installation and Most cladding materials have a
maintenance distinctive profile or texture that can
create horizontal, vertical or angled
patterns and shadow textures.

Environmental impacts :-
Choosing an environmentally
preferred materials and cladding
systems can reduce the overall
environmental impact of a building

Wall cladding is widely used in all types
of interior and exterior spaces

TYPES OF WALL CLADDING

Timber Cladding

Timber remains to be one of the most aesthetically pleasing of
all cladding types. Commonly installed in long, narrow boards
that can be fitted horizontally, vertically or diagonally, the
outcome of timber cladding can be entirely customised

Stone Cladding

A stone finish is more commonly a feature in domestic properties
as opposed to commercial. Stone is perfect for providing homes
with an elegant, luxurious exterior with a traditional “country
home” feel.

Vinyl Cladding

Vinyl cladding is ideal for those looking for a contemporary,
modern material that is available in an array of different
colours.

Glass Cladding

Commonly used in commercial properties, glass cladding is
highly effective in creating an instant modern appearance that
most definitely stands out from the crowd.

Brick Cladding

Unlike regular bricks that are manufactured specially to
build walls, cladding bricks are constructed using
lightweight materials and in a variety of different colours.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, an application of flat roof, pitch
roof and wall cladding are very important to
consider all item that have started from types,
materials, components, properties and their
advantages and disadvantages so that the client
can make a good decision in choosing the types
of roof for their house.

The contractor have to follow the decision of
their client so that they can save more money
and avoid any problem. The contractor also have
to make sure the process of flat roof and pitch
roof construction followed the specification for a
certain types of roof as it can provide a clear
instructions and give a good outcome.

A roof is one of the least thought of
components of a home but one of the most
important. It protects your investment, adds
value to your property, and saves money on
heating and cooling costs.

REFERENCES

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https://www.jsmuckercontracting.com/4-best-flat-roof-materials/

Constro Facilitator. (2021). Wall Cladding; its advantages and different types. Constro
Facilitator. Retrieved from https://www.constrofacilitator.com/wall-cladding-its-
advantages-and-different-types/

Formisano, B. (n.d.). Learn Different Choices for Flat Roof Materials. Retrieved from
https://www.thespruce.com/types-of-flat-roof-material-options-1824707

Home by Brickworks. (2020). Nine advantages pitched roofs have over flat roofs.
Retrieved from https://homebybrickworks.com.au/nine-advantages-pitched-roofs-
have-over-flat-roofs/

Lee Wallender. (2020). 12 Roofing Materials to Consider for Your House. Retrieved from
https://www.thespruce.com/basic-types-and-cost-of-roofing-materials-1822016

Max Alexander. (2005). 3 Types of Flat Roofs. Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thisoldhouse.com/platform/amp/roofing/21
015399/3-flat-roof-types

Reece Trofa. (2019). What Are the Different Types of Cladding? Retrieved from
https://www.advancedrefurbishments.co.uk/2019/04/24/what-are-the-different-
types-of-cladding

Saumik Mallik. (2021). What is Pitched Roof? Parts and Types of Pitched Roof. Retrieved
from https://civiltoday.com/construction/building/301-what-is-pitched-roof-parts-
and-types-of-pitched-roof

Saumik Mallik. (2021). 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Pitched Roof. Retrieved
from

https://civiltoday.com/construction/building/302-advantages-and-disadvantages-
of-pitched-roof
Sterling, A. (2018). The Components of a Flat Roofing System. Retrieved from
https://www.interstateroof.com/the-components-of-a-flat-roofing-system/