BIOLOGY 1 (SB015) ASSIGNMENT 2022/2023 BIO FLIPBOOK: MOLECULES OF LIFE & CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

BIOLOGY 1 (SB015) ASSIGNMENT 2022/2023
BIO FLIPBOOK: MOLECULES OF LIFE &
CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

SET E

NAME : LEE PEI-ZHE

MATRIC NO. : MS2213103860

PRACTICUM : H3T03B

Water Carbohydrates
Proteins
O

HH

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Deoxyribonucleic Ribonucleic
Acid (DNA) Acid (RNA)

Similarities

1. Both are nucleic acids
2. Both are polynucleotides made up of nucleotides
monomers
3. Both possess four nitrogenous bases
4. Both exhibit a phosphate backbone to which
attachment of bases takes place.
5. Both compose of pentose sugar
6. Both compose of phosphate group

Differences

Deoxyribonucleic Ribonucleic
Acid (DNA) Acid (RNA)

Pentose is deoxyribose Pentose is ribose

Nitrogenous bases are Nitrogenous bases are
adenine (A), guanine (G), adenine (A), guanine (G),
cytosine (C) and thymine (T) cytosine (C) and uracil (U)

Consists of two strands of Consists of one strand of
polynucleotide polynucleotide

Forms double helix Forms single helix

Has large molecular mass Has small molecular mass
Lifetime of RNA is short
Lifetime of DNA is
comparatively high

Chemically stable and not Chemically unstable and is
hydrolysed easily by alkali hydrolysed easily by alkali

The ratio of A to T and G to C The ratio of A to T and G to U
is one varies

There is only one type of There are three types of
DNA RNA, which are mRNA,

rRNA and tRNA

In a DNA molecule, guanine (G) will pair
with cytosine (C), whereas, adenine (A) will
pair with thymine (T).

The ratio of G to C and A to T is 1.

: : 1
1:1 1:

Hence, when there are 24% of thymine,
there will also be 24% of adenine in the DNA
molecule.

:
1:1
24 % : 24%

The total percentage of DNA made up by
thymine and adenine will be 48%.

+ = 24% + 24%
= 48%

Since the total percentage of all
nitrogenous bases in DNA is 100%. Hence,
the total percentage of DNA made up by
guanine and cytosine will be 52%.

+ = 100% - 48%
= 52%

Since the ratio of percentage of guanine to
cytosine in the DNA is 1 : 1. Hence, the
percentage of cytosine in the DNA is 26%.

:
1:1

Percentage of cytosine
= 1/2 x 52%
= 26%

DNA

Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

Single, circular molecule of Multiple, linear molecule of
double stranded DNA double stranded DNA

Not associated with histone Associated with histone
proteins proteins

Lies freely in the cytoplasm Enclosed by nuclear
(nucleoid region) envelope