BIOLOGY 1 (SB015) ASSIGNMENT 2022/2023
BIO FLIPBOOK: MOLECULES OF LIFE &
CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
SET E
NAME : LEE PEI-ZHE
MATRIC NO. : MS2213103860
PRACTICUM : H3T03B
Water Carbohydrates
Proteins
O
HH
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Ribonucleic
Acid (DNA) Acid (RNA)
Similarities
1. Both are nucleic acids
2. Both are polynucleotides made up of nucleotides
monomers
3. Both possess four nitrogenous bases
4. Both exhibit a phosphate backbone to which
attachment of bases takes place.
5. Both compose of pentose sugar
6. Both compose of phosphate group
Differences
Deoxyribonucleic Ribonucleic
Acid (DNA) Acid (RNA)
Pentose is deoxyribose Pentose is ribose
Nitrogenous bases are Nitrogenous bases are
adenine (A), guanine (G), adenine (A), guanine (G),
cytosine (C) and thymine (T) cytosine (C) and uracil (U)
Consists of two strands of Consists of one strand of
polynucleotide polynucleotide
Forms double helix Forms single helix
Has large molecular mass Has small molecular mass
Lifetime of RNA is short
Lifetime of DNA is
comparatively high
Chemically stable and not Chemically unstable and is
hydrolysed easily by alkali hydrolysed easily by alkali
The ratio of A to T and G to C The ratio of A to T and G to U
is one varies
There is only one type of There are three types of
DNA RNA, which are mRNA,
rRNA and tRNA
In a DNA molecule, guanine (G) will pair
with cytosine (C), whereas, adenine (A) will
pair with thymine (T).
The ratio of G to C and A to T is 1.
: : 1
1:1 1:
Hence, when there are 24% of thymine,
there will also be 24% of adenine in the DNA
molecule.
:
1:1
24 % : 24%
The total percentage of DNA made up by
thymine and adenine will be 48%.
+ = 24% + 24%
= 48%
Since the total percentage of all
nitrogenous bases in DNA is 100%. Hence,
the total percentage of DNA made up by
guanine and cytosine will be 52%.
+ = 100% - 48%
= 52%
Since the ratio of percentage of guanine to
cytosine in the DNA is 1 : 1. Hence, the
percentage of cytosine in the DNA is 26%.
:
1:1
Percentage of cytosine
= 1/2 x 52%
= 26%
DNA
Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
Single, circular molecule of Multiple, linear molecule of
double stranded DNA double stranded DNA
Not associated with histone Associated with histone
proteins proteins
Lies freely in the cytoplasm Enclosed by nuclear
(nucleoid region) envelope