NUMERALUL –THE NUMERAL
♥ este partea de vorbire care exprimă un număr, determinarea numerică a obiectelor (numeralul
cardinal) sau ordinea obiectelor prin numărare (numeralul ordinal)
a. Numeralul cardinal: one, two, three etc.
b. Numeralul ordinal: the first, the second etc.
a. Numeralul cardinal:
0 zero (nought)
1 one 11 eleven 10 ten
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty (no "u")
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty (note "f", not "v")
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty (only one "t")
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety (note the "e")
100 one hundred
200 two hundred
……
900 nine hundred
1,000 one thousand
b. Numeralul ordinal:
0th zeroth or noughth 10th tenth
1st first 11th eleventh
2nd second 12th twelfth 20th twentieth
3rd third 13th thirteenth 30th thirtieth
4th fourth 14th fourteenth 40th fortieth
5th fifth 15th fifteenth 50th fiftieth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth 60th sixtieth
7th seventh17th seventeenth 70th seventieth
8th eighth 18th eighteenth 80th eightieth
9th ninth 19th nineteenth 90th ninetieth
c. Numeralul fracţionar (The Fractional Numeral)
♥ sunt redate sub forma unor fracţii. Numărul fracţiei este exprimat printr-un numeral cardinal,
iar numitorul printr-un numeral ordinal:
1/2 = a/one half = o jumătate, o doime;
1/3/ = a/one third = o treime
1.5 = one point nought five
d. Numeralul colectiv (The Collective Numeral)
♥ arată că obiectele sunt considerate în grup şi nu izolat
Numeralele colective sunt: couple, pair, team, dozen, score, yoke
Ex: two dozen of eggs, several pair(s) of shoes
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e.Numeralul multiplicativ (The Multiplicative Numeral)
once - odată; twice - de două ori; three times - de trei ori, four times, five times, etc.
Numeralul distributiv (The Distributive Numeral)
f. Numeralul distributiv (The Distributive Numeral)
♥ exprimă gruparea numerică a obiectelor.
exemplu: two at a time; two by two; by twos; two and two; in tows (in pairs):
The pupils left the classroom two by two/in twos. Elevii au părăsit clasa câte doi.
g. Numeralul adverbial (The Adverbial Numeral)
♥ arată: de câte ori are loc o acţiune: once, twice, three times (thrice); ten times, a hundred
times; once more; once again; twice as fast etc.
They have French twice a week. Au franceza de două ori pe săptămână.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
1. ________ of people sat quietly in the hall.
? Hundred ? Hundreds ? Five hundreds ? Five hundred ?
2. Eggs are cheap. I bought __________.
? two dozens ? two dozen ? two a dozen ? two dozens of them?
3. He wrote a __________ report.
? five-thousand-words ? five-thousands-word
? five-thousands-words ? five-thousand-word
4. Next week, we are going to study __________.
? Lesson Nine ? Lesson Ninth ? Lesson Nineth ? the nineth lesson
5. About ________ of the workers are young people.
? third-fifths ? three-fifth ? three-fifths ? third-fifth
6. About ___________ old people died of the flu last winter.
? two thousand of ? two thousand ? two thousands ? two thousands of
7. The scientist is in his _________.
? thirties ? thirtys ? thirty's ? thirtieths
8. "C" is _______ letter of the English alphabet.
? a third ? third ? the third ? the third of the
9. He's been in the United States for __________.
? one year and a half ? one year and half
? one year and an half ? one and half years
10. The experiment will last for one hundred fifty days. Today is __________ day.
? the one hundred fourty-ninth ? the one hundred forty-nineth
? one hundred forty ninth ? the one hundred forty-ninth
PRONUMELE -THE PRONOUN
♥ poate înlocui substantive: The man is here; He is here
♥ desemnează direct vorbitorul şi ascultătorul (I, you) sau desemnează global sau parţial obiecte
sau fenomene (all, each);
♥ are categoriile gramaticale de persoană, gen, număr şi caz;
Clasificarea pronumelor:
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Pronumele personal
Pronumele reflexiv
Pronumele posesiv
Pronumele relativ
Pronumele interogativ
Pronumele demonstrativ
Pronumele nehotărât pozitiv universal :each, all, every
afirmativ: many, much, few, little, several, enough, one, seria some
neafirmativ: seria any, either,
negativ: seria no, neither
Pronumele personal:
Nominativ Dativ/Acuzativ
I me
you you
he him
she her
it it
we us
they them
Exemple: You like me and I like you.- Ţie îţi place de mine şi mie îmi place de tine.
Pronumele reflexiv
♥ are terminaţia -self la singular şi -selves la plural
Persoana Singular Plural
I myself ourselves
a II-a yourself yourselves
a III-a himself (masc.)
herself (fem.) themselves
itself (neutru)
Exemple: He looked at himself in the mirror.
Pronumele posesiv
♥ înlocuieşte atât numele obiectului posedat cât şi al posesorului
Formele pronumelui posesiv sunt:
Persoana
I singular mine
I plural ours
a II-a singular/plural yours
a III-a masculin singular his
plural theirs
feminin singular hers
plural theirs
Exemplu:
Is this his pen? No, it’s not ours. Ask Irina if is hers. Is it yours, Irina?
Adjective posesive Pronume posesive Pronume personal
It's my food It's mine It belongs to me
It's your food It's yours It belongs to you
It's his food It's his It belongs to him
It's her food It's hers It belongs to her
It's its food -- It belongs to it
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It's our food It's ours It belongs to us
It's your food It's yours It belongs to you
It's their food It's theirs It belongs to them
Pronumele interogativ
who este folosit pentru fiinţe
what pentru lucruri
which pentru fiinţe şi lucruri
how much pentru cantităţi
how many pentru număr
what kind of pentru calităţi, etc
Exemple:
Who are they waiting for?- Pe cine aşteaptă ei?
What did he tell you? – Ce ţi-a spus?
What time is it? – Cât este ceasul?
Which of these books do you prefer ? – Pe care din aceste cărţi o preferi?
From what country does he come from? – Din ce ţară vine?
Pronumele relativ
♥ se referă la un substantiv sau înlocuitor al acestuia menţionat anterior şi face legătura între
propoziţia în care se află şi cea pe care o însoţeşte:
I know people who don’t like this kind of food.
I know people that don’t like this kind of food.
Pronumele relative sunt: who, which şi that
Nominativ Dativ/Acuzativ Genitiv
Who Who(m) Whose
Exemplu: I don’t know whose car is this one.- Nu ştiu a cui este maşina aceasta.
whoever -oricine. Whoever speaks must translate. Oricine vorbeşte trebuie să traducă.
Whichever- oricare. He will take whichever is his. O/Îl va lua pe oricare este a/al lui.
Pronumele nehotărât
♥ desemnează global (all) sau parţial (each, either) obiecte sau fenomene
Some = ceva, nişte, puţin, puţină, unii, unele, câţiva, câteva, vreun, vreo, se întrebuinţează în
propoziţii afirmative, interogative (ptr a pune accentul pe ceva)
Exemplu:
She bought some. (vegetables, items, etc)
Did you visit some of the museums the tourist guide recommended ?
Any = vreun, vreo, niciun(ul), nicio, niciuna se întrebuinţează:
în propoziţii afirmative cu sensul: oricare, orice: Any of you could answer this question.
în propoziţii interogative şi negative: Have you got any ? I haven’t got any.
♥ Compuşii lui some, any şi no:
somebody/someone - anybody/anyone - nobody/no one none
something - anything - nothing
Exemple:
I saw somebody in your room.
I saw something in your room.
I saw nobody in your room.
I saw nothing in your room.
Each = fiecare: Each of them - Fiecare (dintre ei)
Either (forma negativă neither) = fiecare: Have you seen either of them ? L-ai văzut pe vreunul
dintre ei (doi) ?
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Every =fiecare: Every pupil must do his homework.
All = tot, toată, toţi, toate: I’ve seen them all. Le-am văzut pe toate.
One = un, unul, una cineva:There were two children in the room: one was good and one was bad.
Pronumele negativ
nobody, no one (nimeni), none (nici unul), neither (nici unul din doi), nothing (nimic): Exemple:
Neither of them is right. Nici unul dintre ei (doi) nu are dreptate.
What have you bought ? Nothing. Ce-ai cumpărat ? Nimic.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
EX1. Folosiţi pronumele personale potrivite.Atenţie la cuvintele din paranteză.
Example: ___ often reads books. (Lisa)- She often reads books.
1) ___is dreaming. (George)
2) ___is green. (the blackboard)
3) ___are on the wall. (the posters)
4) ___is running. (the dog)
5) ___are watching TV. (my mother and I)
EX.2.Alegeţi pronumele posesiv corect
Example: I have got a pet. ___ name is Cookie.- I have got a pet. Its name is Cookie.
Hi Daniel,
___ name is John. This is ___ friend Jason. He's 32. ___ sister is 34 and ___ workplace is very
near. Jason and I work in the same office. There are 150 employees in ___ company.
EX.3. Alegeţi pronumele reflexiv corect din lista de mai jos:
myself - yourself - himself - herself - itself - ourselves - yourselves - themselves
1) Robert made this T-shirt ___ .
2) Lisa did the homework ___
3) We helped ___ to some cola at the party.
4) Emma, did you take the photo all by ___ ?
5) I wrote this poem ___ .
6) He cut ___ with the knife while he was doing the dishes.
7) The lion can defend ___ .
8) My mother often talks to ___ .
9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help ___ .
10) Alice and Doris collected the stickers ___ .
EX.4. Alegeţi pronumele relativ corect: who, which or whose:
1) I talked to the boy ____ car had broken down in front of the building.
2) Mr John, ____ is a taxi driver, lives in the neighbourhood.
3) We often visit our aunt in Bucharest ____ is in the south of Romania.
4) This is the boy ____ comes from France.
5) That's Irina, the girl ____ has just arrived at the airport.
6) Thank you very much for your e-mail____ was very interesting.
7) The man, ____ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
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8) The children, ____ shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9) The car, ____ driver is a young man, is from England.
10) What did you do with the money ____ your parents lent you?
EX 5. Alegeţi pronumele corecte din lista de mai jos:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves or each other.
Example: Daniel and Irina have known __________ since 2007.
Answer: Daniel and Irina have known each other since 2000.
1) John and Angela haven't met ____ for a very long time.
2) My friends enjoyed ____ at the party.
3) Daniel repaired computer car ____.
4) We helped ____ with our written task.
5) People often give ____ presents at Christmas.
6) I bought ____ a new record player.
7) Katie, did you do the homework ____?
8) They looked at ____ and smiled.
9) They often write e-mails to ____ because they're best friends.
10) She only thinks of ____. She's a little bit selfish.
ADJECTIVUL- THE ADJECTIVE
♥ este partea de vorbire care:
a) exprimă o calitate a unui obiect (an interesting class, a young man)
b) are categoria gramaticală a comparaţiei: He is taller than his sister.
Comparaţia adjectivelor (The Comparison of Adjectives)
1. Adjectivele monosilabice primesc -(e)r la comparativ şi the -(e)st la superlativ:
small - smaller - the smallest ( mic-mai mic-cel mai mic)
short - shorter - the shortest (scurt- mai scurt-cel mai scurt)
Observaţie: La ortografiere pot apărea unele modificări:
big - bigger - the biggest (mare-mai mare- cel mai mare)
hot - hotter - the hottest (fierbinte- mai fierbinte-cel mai fierbinte)
fat - fatter - the fattest (gras-mai gras-cel mai gras)
thin - thinner - the thinnest (subţire-mai subţire-cel mai subţire)
happy - happier - the happiest (fericit-mai fericit- cel mai fericit)
angry - angrier - the angriest (nervos- mai nervos- cel mai nervos)
2. Adjectivele formate din două sau mai multe silabe formează comparativul şi superlativul cu
ajutorul lui more şi the most:
careful - more careful - the most careful (grijuliu- mai grijuliu- cel mai grijuliu)
difficult - more difficult - the most difficult (dificil- mai dificil- cel mai dificil)
3. Adjectvele compuse formează gradele de comparaţie în felul următor:
a) când primul element este un adjectiv care îşi păstrează sensul, acesta se schimbă la comparativ
şi superlativ:
well-known – better-known - the best-known (binecunoscut)
ill-paid - worse-paid - the worst-paid (prost plătit)
intelligent-looking, - more intelligent-looking - the most intelligent-looking (privire inteligentă)
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b) când cele două elemente formează un tot din punct de vedere al sensului comparaţia se
realizează cu ajutorul lui more şi the most:
heart-broken - more heart-broken - the most heart-broken (inima frântă)
♥ comparativului de egalitate şi inferioritate:
My room is as large as hers (la fel de mare ca)
My homework is not as easy as yours.
This film is less interesting than the previous one. (mai puţin interesant decât)
♥ superlativul absolut se construieşte cu ajutorul adverbelor
very, too, highly, extremely, utterly:
The film was very amusing. It is extremelly difficult to make such a film.
4.Adjective neregulate
good - better - the best ( bun- mai bun- cel mai bun)
bad - worse - the worst (rău- mai rău- cel mai rău)
much- more- the most (mult- mai mult- cel mai mult)
old- older- the oldest (bătrân, vechi- mai bătrân, vechi- cel mai bătrân, vechi)
old – elder- the eldest (în vârstă- mai în vârstă- cel mai în vârstă)
little -less - the least (puţin, mai puţin- cel mai puţin)
far - farther - the farthest (depărtat – mai depărtat- cel mai depărtat) sau further - the furthest
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).
My house is ____ than yours.
This red flower is ____ than that yellow one.
This is ____ magazine I have ever read.
Non-smokers usually live ____ than smokers.
Which is ____ insect in the world?
A holiday by the sea is ____ than a holiday in the mountains.
It is strange but often a coke is ____ than a beer.
Who is ____ man on earth?
The weather is even ____ than last summer.
He was ____ student of all.
ADVERBUL – THE ADVERB
♥ a)arată o caracteristică a unei acţiuni, a unei stări sau a unei calităţi;
b) poate avea categoria gramaticală a comparaţiei;
c) îndeplineşte funcţia sintactică de complement circumstanţial
Exemplu: Is this idea really good?
Locuţiuni adverbiale:
as a rule = de obicei; by the way = apropo; as a matter-of-fact = de fapt; at once = imediat; once
in while, now and then = din când în când; to-and fro = încoace şi încolo...
Adverbele de mod sau timp se formează prin adăugarea sufixului -ly la forma adjectivului:
slow- slowly, week- weekly
Excepţii: true - truly; due - duly; whole – wholly, beautifully, etc.
Adverbele de mod (Adverbs of manner). Adverbele de mod indică modalitatea propriu-zisă:
well, badly, quickly, slowly etc.
Ele mai pot fi adverbe:
- de întărire: actually, certainly, obviously, really;
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- de amplificare: absolutely, completely, greatly, barely, hardly;
- de afirmaţie sau negaţie: yes, no, of course, not at all;
- de probabilitate: maybe, perhaps, probally.
Adverbele de loc (Adverbs of Place)
Unele adverbe de loc indică locul propriu-zis: here, there, somewhere.
Altele indică direcţia: aside, foward(s), backward(s), righ, left.
Majoritatea adverbelor de loc pot fi folosite pentru a exprima atât locul cât şi direcţia:
Loc: He doesn’t live far (Nu locuieşte departe).
Direcţie: He didn’t go far (Nu s-a dus departe).
Adverbele de timp (Adverbs of Time). Adverbele de timp indică:
- momentul acţiunii: now, nowadays, today, then;
- succesiunea în timp: afterwards, before, eventually, formerly, previosly, soon;
- durata: lately, recently, since, still, yet;
- frecvenţa: definită: weekly, three times a day;
nedefinită: often, usually, seldom, once in a while.
Comparaţia adverbelor:
Comparativ: fast - faster; early – earlier
quickly - more quickly; carefully - more carefully
Comparativul de egalitate: She dances on ice as quickly as her brother.
Comparativul de inferioritate: She dances on ice less carefully than her brother.
Superlativul absolut: se formează cu ajutorul unor adverbe ca very, quite, most care preced
adverbul respectiv.
Superlativul relativ: (the) most intelligently (of all).
(the) least + adverb
Comparaţia neregulată a adverbelor:
Gradul pozitiv Gradul comparativ Gradul superlativ
(the) best (cel mai bine)
well (bine) better (mai bine) (the) worst (cel mai rău)
(the) most (cel mai mult)
badly (rău) worse (mai rău)
much (mult) more (mai mult)
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Găsiţi adjectivul din prima propoziţie şi completaţi spaţiile libere cu adverbul corespunzător:
Joanne is happy. She smiles____ .
The boy is loud. He shouts ____.
Her English is fluent. She speaks English ____.
Our mum was angry. She spoke to____ us .
My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives____ .
The painter is awful. He paints____ .
Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano____ .
This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house ____.
She is a good dancer. She dances really ____.
This exercise is simple. You ____ have to put one word in each space.
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PREPOZIŢIA - PREPOSITION
♥ leagă părţi de vorbire diferite: substantive, adjective, verbe sau adverbe de substantive sau
substitute ale acestora:
In the picture, I can see a woman who is sitting at a table. She is sitting on a chair.
There is another chair next to the woman.
Unele cuvinte sunt urmate în mod obligatoriu de anumite prepoziţii:
a) Substantive:
- interest, progress, satisfaction + in;
- cause, chance, opportunity + of;
- exception, invitation, kindness + to;
b) Adjective:
- anxious, enthusiastic + about;
- alarmed, amazed, astonished, clever, good + at;
- bound, eager, famous, fit, sorry + for;
- disappointed, rich, successful + in;
- afraid, ashamed, aware, characteristic, fond, full, jealous, proud, sure, tired, typical, worthy +
of;
- affectionate, appropiate, attentive, contrary, cruel, deaf, indifferent, kind, parallel, polite, rude,
thankful + to;
- angry, busy, charmed, consistent, delighted, dizzy, faint, identical, pale, satisfied, stiff, wet +
with;
c) Verbe:
- aim, arrive, fire, gaze, glance, look + at;
- account, ask, blame, care, leave long + for;
- conceal, die, differ, escape, hide, prevent, protect + from;
- abound, believe, end, fail, originate, succeed (+-ing), + in;
- accuse, boast, cure, deprive, die, remind take care + of;
- agree, comment, concentrate, congratulate, mediate + on;
- adapt, adjust, apply, attribute, belong, cling, conform, consent, link, listen, prefer, reduce, refer,
report, sell, sail, subscribe, turn + to;
- complete, flush, glow, shake, shiver, side, subscribe, supply, threaten, tremble + with.
Prepositions Example
In in the kitchen, in London, in the book,in the car, in a taxi
At at the door, at the station, at the table, at a concert, at 45
On on the table, on the left, on the first floor, on the bus,
by, next to, beside Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
Under the bag is under the table
Below the fish are below the surface
Over put a jacket over your shirt, over 16 years of age,
Above a path above the lake
Across walk across the bridge, swim across the lake
Through drive through the tunnel
To go to the cinema, go to London ,go to bed
Into go into the kitchen / the house
Towards go 5 steps towards the house
Onto jump onto the table
From a flower from the garden, a present from Jane
Of a page of the book, the picture of a palace
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By a book by Mark Twain
Off get off the train
Out of get out of the taxi
By by car, by bus
About talking about you
Prepositions of place: at, in, within, by, beside, next to, near, close to, against, over, above, on,
top of; under, beneath, below, underneath, in front of, before; behind, after, between, among
Prepositions of time at, on, in, by, before, after¸ from... to, till/until, during, for, (all)
through/throughout, over
Prepositions of manner With (cu), without (fără), in... manner/way
Prepositions of direction: to, into, onto, towards, through, across, over, up, down, along, past, by,
about, around, off, out of, from
Prepositions of reference: as to, as for, regarding, in regard to, concerning (formal), About, on
(despre):
Prepositions of cause: because of, on account of (formal), from, out of, for, through (din cauză
de)
Prepositions of concession: in spite, despite (formal), for all, with all (familiar) ( în ciuda, cu
toată / toate...
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
EX.1. Alege prepoziţia de loc corectă:
We live ____ London.
Would you like to go ____ the cinema tonight?
No, thanks. I was ____ the cinema yesterday.
We are going ____ holiday next week.
There is a bridge ____ the river.
The flight ____Bucharest ____ Lecce was ____ Berlin.
____ my wall, there are many picture postcards.
Who is the person ____ this picture?
Come ____ the sitting room, we want to watch TV.
The town lies 530 meters ____sea level.
EX.2. Alege prepoziţia de timp corectă:
1. What are you doing ____ the weekend?
2. I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the cinema ____ Saturday.
3. That's interesting. I haven't been to the cinema ____ so many years.
4. We could go there together ____ the afternoon.
5. That would be great. But I would prefer to go there ____ the evening. I am visiting my
grandma ____Saturday.
6. That's okay. The film starts ____ eight o'clock.
7. I can pick you up ____ half ____ seven. How long does the film last?
8. It lasts ____ two hours and forty-five minutes.
9. ____eight ____ a quarter to eleven.
10.That's right. But I must hurry home ____ the film. I have to be home ____ eleven o'clock.
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CONJUNCTIA - THE CONJUNCTION
(lat.: conjunctio, con = impreuna; junctio = legatura)
Conjuncţiile coordonatoare :
a) copulative: and - şi; as well as - precum; both... and - atât... cât şi; not only... but also - nu
numai...dar şi;
b) disjunctive: or - sau; ori; either...or - sau... sau; neither...nor - nici...nici;
c) adversative: but - dar, ci;
exemple: I see a boy and a girl. = Văd un băiat şi o fată.
He speaks English as well as German. = El vorbeşte engleza precum şi germana.
Conjuncţiile subordonatoare
- universale: that - că; if, whether – dacă
- specializate: de loc: where - unde; wherever - oriunde;
b) de timp: when - când; since - de când; till/until - până când; while/as - în timp ce; before -
înainte ca; after - după ce;
c) de mod: (exactly) as; (just) as - (aşa) cum; (exact) cum;
d) de cauză: as, since, because - deoarece, fiindcă;
e) de scop: so that, in order that/so (that) (mai formal) - (pentru) ca, cu scopul ca.
f) condiţionale: if - dacă; provided (that) / on condition (that) as long as/so longs as - cu condiţia;
unless - afară dacă, numai dacă nu;
g) consecutive: so that - încât; so (familiar) - încât; so/such... (that) - aşa/astfel... încât;
h) concesive: though, although (mai formal), while, whereas (formal), even if.though - deşi, cu
toate că,
chiar dacă;
i) comparative: as...as - mai (mult)... decât; as if/as though - ca şi cum, de parcă.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
EX.1. Alegeţi conjuncţia coordonatoare potrivită din următoarele: and, but, or, so
1. Daniel was cold, _____he put on a coat.
2. Maria tried to translate the text, _____ it was too difficult.
3. To get from Piteşti to Bucharest, you can take a bus, _____ you can go by car.
4. I bought a bottle of wine, _____ we drank it together.
5. The teacher was not very nice, _____ the mark was good.
6. I went to buy my favorite CD, _____the shop didn't have it.
7. Irina needed some money, _____ she took a part-time job.
8. There's so much noise in the building lately! Maybe it's because of the new family who has
just moved in , _____ maybe it's just coincidence.
9. Julie has a guitar, _____ she plays it really well.
10. The concert was cancelled, _____ we went to a disco instead.
EX.2 Alegeţi conjuncţia subordonatoare potrivită:
Daniel couldn't buy any presents ________ he didn't have any money.
a. even though b because
I don't drink coffee ________ it makes me nervous.
a. as b. although
________ it was snowing, I wasn’t cold.
a. Although b. Because
________ She doesn't speak English, she can't translate that text.
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a. Whereas b. Since
Daniel passed the exam first time ________ his brother had to retake it four times.
a. as b. while
Paula got the job she wanted ________ she had no experience.
a. even though b. as
I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.
a. because b. though
________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at the countryside for my vacations.
a. Whereas b. Since
INTERJECŢIA- INTERJECTION
Clasificare:
Cu ajutorul interjecţiilor se exteriorizează:
1) senzaţii şi sentimente:
a) bucurie: Ah ! Ooh ! Jippee ! Hurray ! (a, ah, ura!).
b) surpriză: Oh ! Wow ! (a, ah, oh!). Oh, what a nice dress !
c) mirare: Oh, dear ! Dear me ! Indeed ! (vai dragă, vai de mine, într-adevăr) Oh, dear, I can’t
find my purse. Dear me ! What are you doing over there ?
d) admiraţie: Whew !(ah, doamne): Whew, how beautiful she is !
e) înţelegere: Aha ! (a, aha!): Aha, these gloves are exactly what I was looking for.
f) dispreţ: Fie ! Pshaw ! What a shame! (Ptiu, pah, ce ruşine!): Fie upon you ! You ought to be
ashamed at what you have done.
g) dezgust: Ugh! (îh!): Ugh, how dirty your hands are !
h) aprobare: Well done ! Congratulations ! (Foarte bine! Felicitări!) Well done, Peter ! You’ve
passed all your exams brilliantly.
i) dezaprobare: Nonsense! What a nuisance! (Prostii ! Ce pacoste!): What a nuisance! Now I’ll
have to do it all over again!
j) regret: Ah! Oh! What a pity! (a!, oh! ce păcat!): What a pity you couldn’t come! It was a good
play.
k) durere: Ouch! Ow! (vai, ah, aoleu!): ouch, it hurts!
2) manifestări de voinţă:
a) o rugăminte, un îndemn: Oh! Help! (oh! Ajutor!); Ssh! Hush! Silence! (Sst, linişte!): Hush!
The baby’s sleeping!
b) o încurajare: Cheer up! Come on! (Curaj! Haide!): Come on, don’t be afraid! You’ll be fine.
c) o avertizare: Look Out! Fire! (Atenţie! Foc!): Fire ! The house is on fire!
3) se reproduc sunete şi zgomote din mediul înconjurător: Bow - wow !
Miaow! Baa! Buzz! (Ham - ham ! Miau! Beh! Bzzz!): Bang! Click! Crash!
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Alegeţi interjecţia potrivită situaţiilor de mai jos. Puteţi folosi interjecţii ca: ah, hello, dear, eh,
allas, hmm, oh, well, er, uh-huh, ouch, etc.
1. " ____, that feels good"
2. " ____, she's dead now"
3. " Oh ____ ! Does it hurt ?"
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4. "What do you think of that, ____ ?"
5. "Lima is the capital of.... ____...Peru"
6. " ____ John, How are you today ?"
7. " ____, I'm not so sure"
8. " ____ , please say 'yes' !"
9. " ____, what did he say "
10. " 85 divided by 5 is... ____...17"
11. "Shall we go ? " " ____"
12. " ____ ! That hurts !"
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PARTEA A II-A
PĂRŢILE DE PROPOZIŢIE (The Parts of the Sentence)
♥ Părţile de propoziţie se clasifică în:
1) părţi principale de propoziţie: subiectul şi predicatul;
2) părţi secundare de propoziţie: complementul direct, indirect, prepoziţional, elementul
predicativ suplimentar, complemente circumstanţiale (de timp, loc, mod, cauză etc.) şi atributul.
SUBIECTUL – THE SUBJECT
♥ Subiectul este partea principală de propoziţie despre care se spune ceva cu ajutorul
predicatului.
Exemple:He is a really nice guy.
My dog attacked the burglar.
David plays the piano
The police interviewed all the witnesses.
The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.
Subiectul simplu: man
Subiectul complex: the man who had followed us inside
Subiectul compus: The man and the woman walked over to the telephone.
PREDICATUL - THE PREDICATE
♥ Predicatul este partea principală de propoziţie care atribuie subiectului o acţiune, o stare sau o
însuşire.
Predicatul nominal este alcătuit din: un verb copulativ + un nume predicativ.
Verbe copulative:
a. verbul be: He is clever. El este deştept
b. verbe ale devenirii: become, get, grow, turn: Her hair has turned grey. A încărunţit. She is
getting old. Îmbătrâneşte.
c. Verbe ale continuării în aceeaşi stare : continue, keep, remain, hold, stay.
He kept silent. Tăcea.
d. verbe ale aparenţei: appear, look, seem: She seemed ill. Părea bolnavă. He looks pale. Este
palid.
Numele predicativ este exprimat:
a) printr-un substantiv sau echivalent al acestuia:
My nephew has become a doctor.
b) printr-un adjectiv, singur sau cu o complinire: She was happy. She was eager to come.
c) printr-un participiu trecut: The village seemed deserted.
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Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
EX.1.Încercuiţi subiectele şi subliniaţi predicatele din propoziţiile de mai jos.
1. Yesterday, Ross and Monica took their children to the zoo.
2. The elephants, the lions, and all of the other animals were outside.
3. The president of the bank looked everywhere for the papers.
4. They listened quietly.
5. The yellow race car with red stripes finished the first in the race.
6. After his speech, the president of the meeting shook hands with all members of the crowd.
EX.2. Potriviţi subiectul cu predicatul. Mai multe variante sunt posibile. Un exemplu este făcut
pentru a vă ajuta:
Subjects Predicates
The dirty yellow cat stood outside the hotel all night.
We prowled through the dark alley.
Tom and his brother lived in the attic last winter.
The taxi driver baked delicious apple pies.
Anna's elderly mother were late yesterday.
The green tree snake sold used cars.
The detective in the gray raincoat was from the Middle East.
Seven rats waited patiently for his victim.
COMPLEMENTUL DIRECT -THE DIRECT OBJECT
I haven’t seen him for a long tim. Nu l-am văzut de mult.
I drink milk every day. Beau lapte în fiecare zi.
We enjoyed ourselves at the cinema. Ne-am distrat la cinematograf.
We sing a song every day.- Interpretăm un cântec în fiecare zi.
Did she ask you any questions ? Ţi-a pus vreo întrebare ?
Cuvintele subliniate sunt complemente directe. Răspund la una din întrebările pe cine?, ce?
O altă metodă pentru a afla dacă un cuvânt este sau nu complement direct, este aceea de a
transforma fraza respectivă la diateza pasivă. Complementul direct va trebui sa devină subiectul
propoziţiei la diateza pasivă.
Exemplu:
1. Todd sang a song.
=> Passive: A song was sung by Todd.
2. Ashley became a rock star.
" a rock star " nu este complement direct şi deci nu poate deveni subiectul propoziţiei la diateza
pasivă.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Identificaţi complementul direct, apoi traduceţi propoziţiile.
1. The computer programmer is testing his new software.
2. We suddenly realized that someone was listening.
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3. Amy has decided to go to university.
4. They can't read what you've just written.
5. This exercise involves clicking on the screen.
COMPLEMENTUL INDIRECT- THE INDIRECT OBJECT
Please, send an email to me. Te rog trimite-mi un email.
He sold his car to his best friend. Şi-a vândut maşina celui mai bun prieten.
She bought a new shirt for her husband. A cumpărat o cămaşă nouă soţul ei.
Cuvintele subliniate sunt complemente indirecte. Răspund la întrebarea cui? sau pentru cine?
Acestea pot fi precedate sau nu de prepoziţii:
Exemplu: Tom sold us his old house. She bought her brother a new shirt.
Complementul indirect este exprimat de regulă printr-un substantiv sau echivalent al acestuia,
precedat de prepoziţia to sau for:
We offered presents to our teacher.
We offered flowers to her.
She bought books for her children.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Identificaţi atât complementele directe cât şi indirecte din propoziţiile de mai jos:
1. I owe you some money.
2. The students read English writers in their literature class.
3. Tell them the news now.
4. Will you give Mary the candy? (Hint: change it to a statement)
5. Mrs. Jones gave the students a difficult homework.
6. The principal excused the boys early last Wednesday.
7. Who taught them about the Civil War?
8. Mr. Smith gave us a long speech about science.
9. Have you written many letters this summer?
10. Mr. John gave his son the keys to his car.
11. I like rain.
12. Traffic controllers in the towers at the airport control air traffic.
COMPLEMENTUL PREPOZIŢIONAL - THE PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT
♥ Complementul prepoziţional este exprimat prin:
a) un substantiv sau echivalent al acestuia precedat de o prepoziţie: He is looking for his suit. Îşi
caută costumul. I ran after her. Am fugit după ea.
b) o construcţie infinitivală sau gerundială, precedată de o prepoziţie:
Would they agree to leave at once? Ar fi de acord să plecăm imediat?
He boasts of being the best football player in the school. Se laudă că este cel mai bun jucător de
fotbal din şcoală.
c) o propoziţie subordonată: He boasts that he is the best football player in the school.
♥ Complementul prepoziţional este întrebuinţat după:
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a) verbe intranzitive cu prepoziţie obligatorie: care for, complain of, depend on, hint
at, insist on, long for, look at, pass for, warn of, wonder at, worry about :
The success of the meeting will depend on the speaker ’s inspiration.
b) verbe intranzitive cu două prepoziţii: agree with smb about smth, argue with
smb about smth.
He agreed with me about the plan.
c) verbe tranzitive cu prepoziţie obligatorie: acquaint smb with smth, advise smb.
about smth, assure smb of smth, blame smb for smth, bother smb. with smth,
convince smb, of smth, entrust smb with smth, mistake smb. for smth, warn smb
about smth:
I convinced him about the plan.
d) adjective sau participii care îndeplinesc funcţia de nume predicativ într-un
predicat nominal, urmate de o prepoziţie obligatorie:
about: He was reasonable about her decision.
at: She is good at chemistry.
in: He is interested in astronomy.
of: Romania’s foreign trade is based on co-operation and equal rights.
with: He is angry with your behaviour.
Alte adjective şi participii urmate de aceste prepoziţii sunt:
- angry, glad, happy, mad, annoyed, pleased worried + about;
- angry, clever, hopeless, terrible, alarmed, amused, annoyed, delighted, pleased + at;
- efficient, fortunate, lucky, persistent, (un)successful + in;
- afraid, certain, conscious, fond, glad, convinced, scared + of;
- dependent, insistent, keen, lent, set + on;
- busy, (un)comfortable, (in)compatible, content, furious, (un)happy, impatient, sick, uneasy,
annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disaplointed, excited, exhausted, horrified, obsessed,
occupied, overcome, pleased, satisfied, upset + with.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Completaţi spaţiile libere cu prepoziţia potrivită:
He reminds me _____ your brother in some ways. You have similar temperaments.
The „must not” message is designed to prevent people _____entering.
The judge banned him _____ driving for six months.
This new software enables the user _____ get lots of reports for the management.
I don't smoke at home; I don't want to encourage the children _____ smoke.
The team manager wouldn't allow the press _____ interview his players.
The police wouldn't provide the press _____ any details about the crime.
The salesman failed to interest me _____ any of his products.
CONSTRUCŢIILE COMPLEXE - COMPLEX CONSTRUCTIONS
Acuzativ cu - infinitiv
- participiu prezent
- participiu trecut
Nominativ cu - infinitiv
- participiu prezent
Infinitiv cu for - to
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Nominativul absolut cu -infinitivul
Construcţiile gerundiale - participiu prezent
- participiu trecut
a) În construcţiile infinitivale ne interesează acţiunea în sine, faptul petrecut, care este văzut ca
încheiat:
We saw him sleep (= that he fell asleep). Am văzut că a adormit.
b) în construcţiile cu participiul în -ing, acţiunea este văzută în desfăşurare: We saw him dancing
(= that he was dancing). L-am văzut dansând.
c) în construcţiile cu participiul trecut, acţiunea este privită ca un rezultat: We found the dog
dead. Am găsit căţelul mort.
cu acuzativul cu nominativul nominativul absolut
Ac + infinitiv N+ infinitiv N + infinitiv
I saw him cross the street. Daniel seems to speak He sent the tests first, the
English fluently. comments to come later.
Ac + part. prez. N+ part. prez N absolut + part. prezent
She could hear her friend He was seen smoking in the The investigation being
laughing. living. done, the policemen headed
to the station.
Acuzativ cu participiu
trecut: N absolut + part.trecut:
I want this homework done The game finished, the
immediately. players left the football
ground.
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
EX.1.Recunoaşteţi construcţiile folosite în exemplele de mai jos:
1. The day being rainy, we didn’t go out.
2. The two women, their business concluded, retired to the bar.
3. The Prime Minister happened to be in Greece at the time.
4. I would like him to come.
5. The letter being written, he left to the post office.
EX.2. Transferaţi construcţiile Acuzativ cu infinitiv în construcţii Nominativ cu infinitiv.
Exemplu: They knew her to be a good teacher.
She was known to be a good teacher.
1. We expected the manager to speak first. 2. They thought him to be gifted in singing. 3. I heard
him walk slowly in the dark. 4. We advised him to go to the hospital as soon as possible 5. They
told us not to worry. 6. The manager asked him to explain the semester report. 7. They saw him
steal the money. 8. You consider his thoughts to be very weird.
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COMPLEMENTELE CIRCUMSTANŢIALE DE LOC, TIMP, MOD
– ADVERBIALS
♥ Complementul circumstanţial de loc indică locul, punctul de plecare, direcţia sau limita
unei acţiuni sau stări.
♥ Complementul circumstanţial de timp indică:
a) momentul acţiunii: now, nowadays, today, then;
b) succesiunea de timp: afterwards, before, eventually, formerly, previously, soon.
c) durata: lately, recently, since, still, yet;
d) frecvenţa: weekly, three times a day, often, usually, seldom, once in a while.
♥ Complementul circumstanţial de mod indică modul în care se îndeplineşte o acţiune
sau apare o însuşire.
Complementul circumstanţial de loc (The Adverbial of Place) este exprimat prin:
a) un adverb sau o perifrază advebială de loc: He is here. He was walking to and fro.
b) un substantiv cu sau fără prepoziţie:
Helen is in town for the moment./ They went home.
c) un substantiv în cazul genitiv precedat de o prepoziţie: We buy vegetables at the greengrocer's
.
d) o propoziţie circumstanţială de loc: We do our shopping where everybody else does.
Complementul circumstanţial de timp (The Adverbial of Time) este exprimat prin:
a) un adverb de timp: My parents arrived yesterday.
b) o perifrază adverbială de timp: They visit their relatives from time to time.
c) o construcţie adverbială: Tom was born in 1965.
d) nominativul absolut cu participiul trecut: His homework written the boy went out to play.
e) un participiu prezent sau trecut, precedat de o conjuncţie temporală:
He doesn’t feel quite well when sailing by their ship.
f) un gerund precedat de o prepoziţie: On leaving the house, she asked me to make certain the
lights were off..
g) un substantiv introdus într-o conjuncţie temporală: While in Romania he learned to manage by
himself.
3) o propoziţie circumstanţială de timp: He is always air sick when he travels by plane.
Complementul circumstanţial de mod (The Adverbial of Manner)
- indică felul, modalitatea în care decurge acţiunea sau starea: well, badly, quikly, slowly.
Ele mai pot reda şi alte sensuri:
- cantitatea: enough, much, a little;
- întărire: actually, certainly, really;
- amplificare: absolutely, completely, greatly, highly, barely, scarcely;
- de afirmaţie sau negaţie: yes, no, of course, not at all;
- probabilitate: maybe, perhaps, possibly.
Exemplu: The merchandise was slowly moved into the warehouse.
Complementul circumstanţial de mod comparativ (The Adverbial of Comparison) este
exprimat:
a) printr-un substantiv sau pronume precedat de prepoziţia like: I slept like a baby..
b) printr-un substantiv cu prepoziţie, un adjectiv, un verb la infinitiv sau participiu prezent/trecut
introduse prin as if, as though: She cried as if in a terrible danger.
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c) un substantiv, un adjectiv, pronume sau numeral, o construcţie infinitivală sau gerundială
introduse prin conjuncţiile as, not so/as, than: She is as smart as her parents.
d) o propoziţie circumstanţială de mod comparativă:
She smiled as if she were extremely happy, but....
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
Rewrite the sentences and put the adverbs in correctly.
Rescrieţi propoziţiile şi puneţi adverbul la locul potrivit. Menţionaţi felul adverbelor.
We were in London. (last week) →
He walks his dog. (rarely) →
She waited. (patiently) →
My father goes fishing. (always) →
Your bedroom is. (upstairs) →
We don't go skiing. (in summer) →
Cats can hear. (well) →
I saw him. (there) →
The girl speaks English. (fluently) →
I have seen that film. (never) / (before) →
ATRIBUTUL - THE ATRIBUTE
Atributul modifică sau determină un substntiv sau pronume care îndeplineşte în propoziţie
funcţia de:
1) subiect: The tall girl is my sister-in-law.
2) o parte secundară de prepoziţie:
a) complement direct sau indirect: They made an extraordinary attempt.
b) complement circumstanţial (de loc, timp etc.): They often go out quiet evenings.
Atributul prepus: this exercise, my youngest brother,etc
Atributul postpus: Did you find anything new ? Ai găsit ceva nou ?
Exerciţii – Practice
LUCREAZĂ SINGUR ŞI VERIFICĂ LA SFÂRŞITUL CĂRŢII!
1. Those are probably _______ boys in the school.
Fanciest/ fanciest/ most fanciest
2. Uncle Daniel is really _______ man.
an old sweet/a sweet, old/ a sweet old
3. Dacia used to be _______ car.
a fine German / a German, fine/ a fine, German
4. All the family was home for the holidays. What could make for _______ Christmas?
a merrier/ the merriest/ a merrier
5. They were raised in _______ house in Bucharest.
a comfortable, little/ a little, comfortable/ a comfortable little
6. Four weddings and a funeral is the _______ movie I've ever seen.
most excited/most exciting/most exciteable
7. She wanted to take a course with _______professor.
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that interesting new Japanese economics / that Japanese interesting, new economics
that interesting,new, Japanese, economics
8. Of all the mechanics in the shop, he is surely _______ .
the less competent/ the least competent/ the competentest.
9. In the fall, the valleys tend to be _______than the hilltops.
foggy/more foggier/foggier
10. My cold is definitely _______ this morning.
worse/ worst/worser
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TEST FINAL
1.Q: What ____________ you ____________ (do)? I'm working.
do you do are you doing did you do
2. Q: ____________ you always ____________ (get up) at 6 o'clock?
Do you always get up Are you always getting up Do always you get up
3. Q: ____________ Daniel ____________ (have, got) a motorbike?
Does John have got Has John got Have John got
4. Q: At the moment he ____________ (have) dinner.
is having having has
5. Q: John doesn't like playing basketball, but he ____________ (love) playing tennis.
is loving love loves
6. Q: Last winter he ____________ (go) by train from Rome to London.
goed has gone went
7. Q: Mary ____________ (not, be) at work at the moment. She's at home.
isn't being isn't doesn't be
8. Q: Next Wednesday my sister ____________ (go) to Paris.
went goes is going
9. Q: They ____________ (take) their children to Italy last year.
did take took taked
10. Q: What time ____________ he ____________ (arrive) home last Thursday?
did he arrives did he arrive does he arrive
11. Q: What ____________ they ____________ (do)? They're studying.
is they doing are they doing do they do
12. Q: When ____________ you ____________ (go) to France last year?
you went did you go did you went
13. Q: ____________ you ____________ (have, got) any brothers or sisters?
Has you got Do you have got Have you got
14. Q: John doesn't like going to the beach, but he ____________ (love) going to the mountains.
loves doesn't love is loving
15. Q: Next Sunday John ____________ (come) to visit his family.
comes is coming will come
16. Q: Peter ____________ (be) on holiday now. He isn't at home.
will be is is going to be
17. Q: She ____________ (teach) her husband cooking last summer.
did teach teached taught
18. Q: ____________ he always ____________ (have) breakfast at 7 o'clock?
Is he always having Does he always has Does he always have
19. Q: Last winter she ____________ (drive) to Bulgaria.
drove drived did drive
20. Q: ____________ you ____________ (have, got) a good summer job?
Do you got Have you got Has you got
21. Q: Where ____________ she ____________ (study) french last year?
did she study did she studied has she studied
22. Q: Mary likes visiting relatives, but she ____________ (like) talking on the telephone.
doesn't like likes isn't liking
23. Q: She ____________ (watch) a documentay at the moment.
watched watches is watching
24. Q: He ____________ (take) his friend to the theater last week.
tooked has taken took
25. Q: Mary ____________ (not, be) on holiday now. She's at home.
isn't won't be isn't being
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26. Q: What ____________ you ____________ (do)? I'm playing the guitar.
is you doing do you do are you doing
27. Q: Next Saturday my brother ____________ (visit) the new museum.
will visit visits is going to visit
28. Q: ____________ you always ____________ (finish) work at 8 o'clock?
Do you always finish Are you always finishing Did you always finished
29. Q: They ____________ (ride) the train to England last spring.
did ride rode have ridden
30. Q: What ____________ you ____________ (do) this evening? I'm doing my English homework.
will you do do you do are you doing
31. Q: ____________ she often ____________ (telephone) in the evening?
Does she often telephone Is she often telephoning Will she often telephones
32. Q: ____________ they ____________ (have, got) a van?
Have they got Do they have got Has they got
33. Q: At the moment they ____________ (read) a magazine.
are going to read reads are reading
34. Q: I ____________ (teach) my students about the mammals yesterday.
taughted taught have taught
35. Q: Maria doesn't like working in the office, but she ____________ (love) working at home.
loves doesn't love isn't loving
36. Q: Next Tuesday my sister ____________ (have) dinner at that new restaurant.
is going to have will have has
37. Q: She ____________ (fly) to the USA last summer.
flied has flown flew
38. Q: Irina ____________ (not, be) at the office tomorrow. He's on holiday.
isn't going to be won't been isn't
39. Q: What ____________ she ____________ (do) yesterday evening?
did she do does she do is she doing
40. Q: ____________ Daniel ____________ (have, got) a television?
Have Daniel got Has Daniel got Does Daniel has got
41. Q: Where ____________ they ____________ (go) on holiday last winter?
did they went have they gone did they go
42. Q: Alice loves walking in the countryside, and she ____________ (like) going to the swimming
pool.
doesn't like like likes
43. Q: At the moment she ____________ (listen) to some music.
listens is listening has listened
44. Q: ____________ he always ____________ (play) tennis on Sundays?
Do he always play Does he always plays Does he always play
45. Q: I __________________ TV when the telephone rang.
watched was watching are watching have watched
46. Q: I'm afraid I'm not hungry. I've _______ eaten breakfast.
Yet still already ever
47. Q: My father let me ____________ late when I was a child.
to stay out stayed out stay out staying out
48. Q: Would you like ___________ chicken?
any a some one
49. Q: He has _______ friends in London.
Few few of a lot much
50. Q: She _________________ dinner by the time we arrived.
had finished finished have finished finishing
51. Q: What shall we do tonight? How about ___________ a film?
to see see seeing going
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52. Q: _______ you ever ________ to Paris?
Did ... go Have .... go Have ... gone Shall .... go
53. Q: Have you finished your work ______?
Yet already still just
54. Q: Jack is really ______________ geography, especially Japanese history.
interested at interesting in interested in interested for
55. Q: These images ______________ by an artist named John Smith.
are photographed were photoed photographed were photographed
56. Q: He'll give you a call as soon as he __________.
will arrive arrives is arriving is going to arrive.
57. Q: He found his watch ___________ the papers on the table.
In among between through
58. Q: Would you mind ______________ me a hand?
to give give giving given
59. Q: I think Piteşti is ____ exciting ____ Bucharest.
as ... as so ... than as ... than so ... as
60. Q: He _________ he wanted to come.
told said me said told to me
61. Q: What ______________ at work?
do you have to do must you do have you to do do you
62. Q: How is he? - Daniel? He __________.
's fine s tall with blond hair 's quite a shy person actually 's twenty three
63. Q: He will meet you _________ the station at 9 o'clock sharp.
in front ahead in front of behind of
64. Q: If you want to be healthy, you _______ smoke or drink alcohol.
needn't couldn't shouldn't mustn't to
65. Q: He's _____________ politics.
interested interesting interested to interested in
66. Q: Where was Dany yesterday? - I don't know. He ________________ seeing the doctor.
might has been might have been couldn't have been mustn't have been
67. Q: Yes, that is the woman _________ horse almost trampled her!
which whose who that
68. Q: Would you like me to ______________ the kids next week?
look to look at look after look into
69. Q: I missed the bus, so I _________ take the next one.
musted must had to had
70. Q: Why are your hands so dirty? - Well, I __________________ in the garden for the last two
hours.
have worked worked am working have been working
71. Q: Fiestas ______________ in an old city in Germany for many years now.
have been making have made have been made are made
72. Q: Let me ___________! I didn't really want to eat all the cakes, I just couldn't help myself.
to say you say you explain me explain
73. Q: Yes, we have bought the tickets to the concert and we _______________ next Saturday. I'm so
excited.
will go won't go shall be going are going
74. Q: Most people like rugby, but ____ my opinion it's too chaotic.
Of from in with
75. Q: Are you travelling to Prague ____ business or ____ holiday?
For on to in
76. Q: Have you read the article _____ Time magazine ____ Google?
on – on to – on in – on from – on
77. Q: What's that book _____?
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about to from of
78. Q: I stayed ____ the Ritz Hotel ________ my stay in New York.
in – to to – while at – while at – during
79. Q: I looked this word ____ in the dictionary, but I still don't understand its meaning.
from on up over
80. Q: We need some sugar. We're almost completely ____ it.
out out of over through
81. Q: Luckily, I made it to the station ___ time to catch the last train.
in for at to
82. Q: My house is ___ the end of the street ___ the left.
in – on at – in in – at at – on
83. Q: The post office doesn't open _____ 9 a.m.
For until still just
84. Q: Are you ___ or ___ the prime minister?
pro – con for – against with – against proto – contra
85. Q: Were you ____ time for your appointment? Or were you late?
to on at of
86. Q: Throw the ball ___ Daniel, please.
next beneath to against
87. Q: I got ____ home late last night.
To at _ in
88. Q: Please talk __ the manager and don't shout __ me!
to – to at – to to – at with – to
89. Q: You can start the computer ___ pressing that button.
with to by from
90. Q: She was born ____ Spain ___ March 16, 1992.
in – in in – to in – on to – in
91. Q: He was born ___ Germany ___ April.
in – to on – in in – in in – at
92. Q: Be careful! You're going to set the paper ___ fire!
to on in with
93. Q: I need to learn these verbs ___ heart ___ tomorrow.
by – on by – to from – by by – by
94. Q: She'll be finished ____ the end of the week.
By from to in
95. Q: You must take the medicine _____ the next five minutes.
Since until within at
96. Q: I haven't seen Larry ___ ages!
At in since until
97. Q: It is years ____ I last played tennis.
For when since at
98. Q: Jack will be out _____ 3.30.
Since at from until
99. Q: Daniel _____ (live) in New York for the past 15 years.
has lived lives lived
100. Q: Jane ____ (work) for H&M before she came to work for us.
Works worked has worked
101. Q: Are there ______ peaches in the kitchen?
Much any some a
102. Q: That is _____ interesting book.
The a an -
103. Q: I went ______ church last Sunday.
At in to on
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104. Q: What _____ he like? - He is very friendly.
Does did is has
105. Q: I ________ a new car last month.
bought have bought buyed did bought
106. Q: How ________ money do you have in your wallet?
many few much some
107. Q: She came ______ home late last night.
- at to in
108. Q: Daniel is a nice boy, and I like _____.
- him his it
109. Q: I get up ______ eight o'clock every day.
In on at to
110. Q: I like __________ music.
Listen listen to listening to to listening to
111. Q: What __________ in your free time?
you do do you do are you doing does you do
112. Q: My father _______ in a software company.
Works work is working is worked
113. Q: Would you like _______ coffee?
Any an some to
114. Q: I _____ drive a car.
can't to can want have
115. Q: He likes watching TV ______ evening.
in the at during in
116. Q: I drove my car _____ the garage.
In at into onto
117. Q: _________. Is there a bank near here?
Please Excuse me Pardon Hey
118. Q: I live in ______.
italy Italy Italian italian
119. Q: The bank is at the end of this street _____ the left.
at in on over
120. Q: The bank is _______ the post office.
near of next to next close
121. Q: There are ______ magazines on the table.
any an some a
122. Q: I would like _____ rice.
a one some any
123. Q: I went to London three years _____.
last ago time past yet
124. Q: I would love to visit Prague sometime. Unfortunately, I ____ (be/never) there.
have never been was never will never be
125. Q: Daniel _____ (play) tennis for five years when he _____ (be) at school.
has played – was played – was has played - has been
126. Q: : Do you like ______ Chinese food?
- an some the
127. Q: I _____ (work) in Spain for 5 years. I ____ (begin) work as soon as I arrived.
work – began have worked - have begun have worked – began
128. Q: I'm afraid I'm not hungry. I _____ (eat/already).
didn't eat already have already eaten haven't already eaten
129. Q: When Daniel was at school, he _____ (learn) to play the piano. He _____ (play) it ever since.
has learned - has played learned - has played learned – played
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130. Q: Could you give me some advice? I _____ (buy) this sweater yesterday. Do you think I should
take it back?
Bought have bought buyed
131. Q: George lives in New York. Before she _____ (move) here, she ____ (live) in Seattle for 3
years.
moved - has lived moved – lived has moved – lived
132. Q: Peter ____ (go) to Paris last year. That means that he ____ (be) to Paris 3 times!
went - has been went – was has gone – was
133. Q: Just a moment! I _____ (not think) of a good idea yet!
haven't thought didn't think don't think
134. Q: Irina _____ (believe) that for ages!
believes has believed was believed
135. Q: How long _____ (you/live) there before coming here?
have you lived did you live do you live
136. Q: She _____ (write) the email but doesn't know how to send it.
has written writes written
137. Q: I ____ (just/have) something done to my hair. Do you like it?
have just had just have had just have
138. Q: Hurry up! The concert _____ (begin) and we are late.
Begins has begun began
139. Q: Andra _____ (record) many albums and will probably make many more.
records has recorded recorded
140. Q: Nat King Cole _____ (record) many albums during his great career.
records has recorded recorded
141. Q: How many magazines ____ (read) this year?
did you read do you read have you read
142. Q: How many books ____ (read) last year?
do you read have you read did you read
143. Q: ____ (newspaper/arrive)? Yes, Daniel is reading it at the moment.
Did the newspaper arrived Does the newspaper arrive Has the newspaper arrived
144. Q: Where ____ (you/find) that book? - I _____(find) it in the library.
have you found - have found did you find – found did you find - have found
145. Q: ____ (you/smoke) a lot before becoming a non-smoker?
Have you smoked Did you smoked Did you smoke
146. Q: He _____ (leave) the shop a few minutes ago.
was left left has left
147. Q: She ____ (not leave) the house yet.
has left hasn't left didn't leave
148. Q: I _____ (not know) you ____ (be) here! _____ (you/be) here long?
haven't known - were - Have you been
didn't know - were - Have you been
didn't know - have been - Have you been
149. Q: _____ (you/see) today's paper?
Do you see Have you seen Are you seeing
150. Q: I'm tired. I _____ (not get) much sleep last night.
haven't got didn't get wasn't get
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Cheia exerciţiilor
Present Tense Simple
Afirmativ:
I leave home at 12 o’clock but my friend leaves home at 1 o’clock.
I go to work by car but my friend goes to work by train.
I speak English well but my friend speaks English badly.
I get home at six but my friend gets home at seven.
I have two kids but my friend has three.
Interogativ:
Do you leave home at 12 o’clock? Does he leave home at 1 o’clock?
Do you go to work by car? Does he go to work by train?
Do you speak English well? Does he speak English badly?
Do you get home at six? Does he get home at seven?
Do you have two kids? Does he have three kids?
Negativ:
I don’t leave home at 12 o’clock. My friend doesn’t leave home at 1 o’clock.
I don’t go to work by car. My friend doesn’t go to work by train.
I don’t speak English. My friend doesn’t speak English badly.
I don’t get home at six. My friend doesn’t get home at seven.
I don’t have two kids. My friend doesn’t have three kids.
Past Tense Simple
Afirmativ
He spent three days in the Danube Delta last month.
1. Daniel got up early in the morning and (do) morning exercises.
2. Then he washed and ate/had breakfast with his parents.
3. After that he went fishing with his friends Irina and Larry.
4. He swam in the Danube in the evening.
5. The weather was fine all the time.
6. Daniel made a lot of friends there.
7. He came back home in September to go to school.
Interogativ
1. Did he spend three days in the Danube Delta last month?
2. Did Daniel get up early in the morning and do morning exercises?
3. Did he wash and eat/have breakfast with his parents?
4. After that did he go fishing with his friends Irina and Larry?
5. Did he swim in the Danube in the evening?
6. Was the weather fine all the time?
7. Did Daniel make a lot of friends there?
8. Did he come back home in September to go to school?
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Future Tense Simple
Situation 1 Grandpa:
Daniel: Where will you work?
1. I’ll work in the lab tomorrow. What will you do?
2. I’ll do an interesting experiment tomorrow. What will you obtain?
3. I’ll obtain hydrogen in the Chemistry lesson. When will you learn?
4. I’ll learn interesting things next week. What will you study?
5. I’ll study hydrogen next week. Who will you ask ?
6. I’ll ask the teacher a lot of questions.
Situation 2 -
1. Larry will not /won’t read his lesson later.
2. Larry will not /won’t go to the cinema next Sunday.
3. He will not /won’t go shopping tomorrow morning.
4. He will not /won’t help you tomorrow evening.
5. He will not /won’t have an experiment in the chemistry lab next week.
6. He will not /won’t wash the car on Sunday morning.
7. He will not /won’t buy a new car next year.
8. He will not /won’t take a new project next month.
Present Perfect
I. Pune verbele din paranteză la Prezentul Perfect Simplu:
1. I have just fixed my car.
2. Father has just left home.
3. They have just arrived to the theatre.
4. We have just seen our Math teacher.
5. He has just begun to cry.
II. Completează urmatoarele propoziţii folosind timpul Prezent Perfect Simplu:
1. That is the most interesting movie he has ever seen.
2. This is the best book she has ever read.
3. This is the biggest mall they have ever visited.
4. These are the most attractive souvenirs they have ever bought.
5. Those are the most wonderful monuments they have ever seen.
Past Perfect
1. Had Daniel seen the Black Sea before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina seen the Black Sea before?
No, she hadn’t.
2. Had Daniel swum in the sea before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina swum in the sea before?
No, she hadn’t.
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3. Had Daniel sunbathed on the beach before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina sunbathed on the beach before?
No, she hadn’t.
4. Had Daniel gone fishing in the sea before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina gone fishing in the sea before?
No, she hadn’t.
5. Had Daniel walked down the beach before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina walked down the beach before?
No, she hadn’t.
6. Had Daniel stayed at a hotel before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina stayed at a hotel before?
No, she hadn’t.
7. Had Daniel made the tour of Constanţa before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina made the tour of Constanţa before?
No, she hadn’t.
8. Had Daniel visited Eforie Nord before?
Yes, he had.
Had Irina visited Eforie Nord before?
No, she hadn’t.
Present Continuous
1. Larry is working in his office now.
2. Daniel is typing a letter in the secretariate
3. Ioana is presenting a project in the conference room.
4. Maria is speaking on the phone in the hall now.
5. Matei is meeting some clients in the guests room.
Past Tense Continuous
1. Daniel and John were working in the office when Mr Smith came in.
2. Matei and Maria were speaking on the phone when Mr Smith came in.
3. Ioana was writing a report when Mr Smith came in.
4. Martha was watering the flowers when Mr Smith came in.
5. Victor was talking to his coleague when Mr Smith came in.
6. Angela was opening the windows when Mr Smith came in.
7. Mark and Chris were looking at some pictures when Mr Smith came in.
8. Fiona was reading the newspapers when Mr Smith came in.
Future Continuous
1) She will be meeting him next week. (to meet)
2) We will be arriving in Pitesti just about now. (to arrive)
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3) At 7 o'clock on Monday they will be singing the new song. (to sing)
4) He will be sleeping when you call her. (to sleep)
5) It will probably be raining when I reach Madrid. (to rain)
6) Mary will be watching a video when I arrive tonight. (to watch)
7) You will be eating spaghetti soon. (to eat)
8) This time next week he will be flying to Africa. (to fly)
9) Peggy will be coming to the party on Sunday. (to come)
10) Tomorrow at nine I will be writing a test paper. (to write)
Present Perfect Continuous
1. We have been talking about that horrible accident for half an hour.
2. She has been cooking a chicken soup for 1 hour.
3. They have been phoning the manager for the last five minutes.
4. Mary has been living in Manhattan since June 1998.
5. It has been raining since morning.
Past Perfect Continuous
She had been sleeping for 10 hours when he woke us up.
We had been waiting at the station for 60 minutes when the train finally arrived.
They had been looking her ring for three hours and then we found it in the bathroom.
I had not been walking for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
How long had she been learning English before she went to London?
She had been driving less than an hour when he ran out of gas.
They were very tired in the evening because they had been helping on the farm all day.
I had not been working all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.
They had been cycling all day so their legs were sore in the evening.
Future Perfect Continuous
Mike: Helen has been in the kitchen all day long.
Ross: It doesn't sound like she's having a very good birthday party.
Mike: She will have been cooking for over five hours by the time everyone arrives for
dinner.Hopefully, she will have finished everything by then.
Ross: Maybe we should give her a helping hand.
Diateza:
1. He has been appointed president.
I have been given a good dictionary.
You will be told what time the bus leaves.
The carpender will be paid for his work.
They were promised new bicycles.
2. This bed has not been slept in.
The children were well looked after.
The dog was run over by a bus.
You will be laughed at if you wear this dress.
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Persoana şi numărul
1) He is dreaming.
2) It is green.
3) They are on the wall.
4) It is running.
5) We are watching TV.
6) They are in the garden.
7) He is riding his bike.
8) She is from Bristol.
9) She has got a brother.
10) Have you got a computer, Mandy?
Subjonctivul
1. It is very important that all employees be dressed in their proper uniforms before 6:30 a.m.
2. I wish my sister were here.
3. The coach insisted that Mario play the center position, even though he's much too short for
that position..
4. Mary hoped that the meeting be adjourned.
5. My mother would know what to do. Oh, would that she were here with us now!
6. If only Mark were a little more responsible in his choice of courses!
7. If Mrs. Smith had been ill that night, the Smiths would not have gone to the cinema.
8. Her employees treated Mrs. Smith as though she were a queen.
9. I wish I felt better today.
Infinitivul şi gerunziul
1) I can't imagine Peter going by bike.
2) He agreed to buy a new car.
3) The question is easy to answer.
4) The man asked me how to get to the airport.
5) I look forward to seeing you at the weekend.
6) Are you thinking of visiting London?
7) We decided to run through the forest.
8) The teacher expected Sarah to study hard.
9) She doesn't mind working the night shift.
10) I learned to ride the bike at the age of 5.
Participiul trecut:
the lost son
an interested audience
a broken leg
an emptied bottle
a closed door
a decorated room
two packed bags
the written letters
the sold car
the bought apples
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Verbele auxiliare
What have you done?
I do not like this song.
Does she know that you are here?
The lesson has not started yet.
Do you drink milk?
Who has eaten my biscuits?
It does not matter.
They do not want to play outside.
We have not seen you for a long time.
My friend has sent me some photos.
The train has just arrived.
Do you understand?
They have been learning English for two years.
Have you heard that?
My uncle does not eat fish.
I do not live here.
Has anybody rung up for me?
She does not play the piano.
How do we get there?
Where does he live?
Verbele modale
Ex.1.
1.We couldn't go to the party. We're going to a wedding.
2. He would be able to pass the exam if he studied harder.
3. I can't remember his name.
4. They weren't able to go. The weather was too bad.
5. Sorry, Teacher. I haven't been able to do it yet.
Ex. 2
1. I must be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably have to take a taxi if I want to be on time.
2. You mustn't submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. If the form is not
complete, you will be rejected and you will have to reapply at a later date.
3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent
them?
Stephanie: It must have been David. He's the only one who would send you flowers, you know.
4. You mustn't forget to pay the rent. Mr Daniel is very strict about paying on time.
5. You don't have to be like this! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
Ex 3.
1. Mike's flight from Paris took more than 7 hours.
He must be quite exhausted after such a long flight.
2. The books are optional. My teacher said we could read them if we needed extra credit. But we
don't have to read them if we don't want to.
3. Daniel couldn't hear a word because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
4. The refrigerator isn't working. It must have been damaged during the move.
5. Mike: Can you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Jack: No, I can't.
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6. You don't have to be rich to be famous. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got
a penny.
7. I've redone this math problem at least ten times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. So, the answer in the book must be wrong!
8. You couldn't do the job if you didn't speak three languages fluently.
9. You shouldn't worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the promotion, or
you don't. If you don't, just apply for another job.
10. You may leave the table once you have finished your dinner and politely excused yourself.
11. Jenny's engagement ring is speechless! It must have cost a fortune.
12. Shall we move into the living room? There's a beautiful view of the forest from there.
13. You had better take along some cash. The shop may not accept credit cards.
14. The machine can start moving by pressing the left button.
15. I can't stand these people - I don’t understand their priciples, so you get rid of them!
16. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head.
Can't you think once in a while before you open your mouth?
17. Daniel and Mathew said they would come over right after work, so they should be here by
5:00.
18. You shall no longer suffer this injustice! Freedom shall be yours!
19. If I had gone to an University in England, I could have participated in their English
immersion program.
20. The lamp might not be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out or something.
Substantivul:
Ex 1.
1) This is Peter's book.
2) Let's go to the Smiths'.
3) The children's room is upstairs.
4) John's sister is twelve years old.
5) Susan and Steve's bags have blue stickers.
6) Men's shoes are on the second floor.
7) My parents' car was not expensive.
8) Charles's CD player is new.
9) This is the boy's bike.
10) These are the boys' pencils.
Ex. 2.
1) half – halves 2) kilo – kilos 3) woman – women 4) mouth – mouths 5) foot – feet
6) sheep – sheep 7) penny – pence 8) bus – buses 9) day – days10) fish – fish
Ex 3. 2) a packet of rice 3) a bar of chocolate
1) a piece of advice 5) a cup of tea 6) a bottle of lemonade
4) a glass of milk 8) a barrel of oil 9) a game of tennis
7) a slice of meat
10) a jar of jam
Ex.4. aet = tea ikn = ink ilo = oil fgo = fog
ira = air
eber = beer einw = wine doow = wood acek = cake aclo = coal ahir = hair
84
Articolul
This coat was designed by a famous New York artist.
Can you tell me how to get to a bank from here?
The city museum is closed today.
He is one of the smartest people I know.
I recommend you eat the apple pie at this restaurant.
___ milk is good for you.
Would you like to see the/a movie?
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
I can't believe I failed the yesterday's test!
Do you have a dictionary that I can borrow?
Adjectivul demonstrativ
1. THIS beach was quite empty last year.
2. THIS exhibition will be open until the end of May.
3. THESE people come from that hotel over there.
4. What does thatnotice say?
5. THAT exhibition closed a month ago.
6. He was dismissed on the 13th. THAT night the factory went on fire.
7. Do you see THOSE birds at the top of the tree?
8. THESE are the old classrooms.Those are the new ones.
9. THIS is my cousin, Jessica.
10. Wasn't THAT a horrible thing to say?
Adjectivul posesiv
1 He's from Spain. His name's Alberto.
2 They're married. Their children's names are Lauren and Daniel.
3 We're brothers. Our parents are French.
4 She's eight. Her brother's nine.
5 I'm British. My name's Peter.
6 You're students. Your books are in the classroom.
Adjectivul interogativ
1. What time is the flight ?
2. Which girl has a red bag ?
3. Whose mother is a nurse ?
4. What subject do you like ?
5. Whose books are these ?
Adjectivul nehotărât
1. Do any black people work in your company?
Yes, there are some.
2. She hasn't any clothes to wear to the party.
No problem, I can give her some.
3. Mary, there is no gas in the car.
Oh, no. We had better get some.
4. Are there any good movies this weekend?
No, there are none.
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5. I want to take a shower; is there any hot water?
I'm sorry, there is no hot water.
Numeralul
1. hundreds 6. two thousand
2. two dozen 7. thirties
3. five-thousand-word 8. the third
4. Lesson Nine 9. one year and a half
5. three-fifths 10 the one hundred forty-ninth
Pronumele
EX. 1.
1) He is dreaming.
2) It is green.
3) They are on the wall.
4) It is running.
5) We are watching TV.
EX.2.
My name is John. This is my friend Jason. He's 32. His sister is 34 and her workplace is very
near. Jason and I work in the same office. There are 150 employees in our company.
EX.3.
1) Robert made this T-shirt himself.
2) Lisa did the homework herself
3) We helped ourselves to some cola at the party.
4) Emma, did you take the photo all by yourself?
5) I wrote this poem myself.
6) He cut himself with the knife while he was doing the dishes.
7) The lion can defend itself.
8) My mother often talks to herself.
9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help yourselves.
10) Alice and Doris collected the stickers themselves.
EX. 4. 1) I talked to the boy whose car had broken down in front of the building.
2) Mr John, who is a taxi driver, lives in the neighbourhood.
3) We often visit our aunt in Bucharest which is in the south of Romania.
4) This is the boy who comes from France.
5) That's Irina, the girl who has just arrived at the airport.
6) Thank you very much for your e-mail which was very interesting.
7) The man, whose father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
8) The children, who shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9) The car, whose driver is a young man, is from England.
10) What did you do with the money which your parents lent you?
EX.5. 1) John and Angela haven't met each other for a very long time.
2) My friends enjoyed themselves at the party.
3) Daniel repaired computer car himself.
4) We helped each other with our written task.
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5) People often give each other presents at Christmas.
6) I bought myself a new record player.
7) Katie, did you do the homework yourself?
8) They looked at each other and smiled.
9) They often write e-mails to each other because they're best friends.
10) She only thinks of herself. She's a little bit selfish.
Adjectivul
My house is bigger than yours.
This red flower is more beautiful than that yellow one.
This is the most interesting magazine I have ever read.
Non-smokers usually live longer than smokers.
Which is the most dangerous insect in the world?
A holiday by the sea is better than a holiday in the mountains.
It is strange but often a coke is more expensive than a beer.
Who is the richest man on earth?
The weather is even worse than last summer.
He was the cleverest student of all.
Adverbul
Joanne is happy. She smiles happily .
The boy is loud. He shouts loudly.
Her English is fluent. She speaks English fluently.
Our mum was angry. She spoke to us angrily .
My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives carelessly.
The painter is awful. He paints awfully.
Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano wonderfully.
This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house quietly.
She is a good dancer. She dances really well.
This exercise is simple. You simply have to put one word in each space.
Prepoziţia
EX. 1.
We live in London.
Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
No, thanks. I was at the cinema yesterday.
We are going on holiday next week.
There is a bridge across the river.
The flight from Bucharest to Lecce was via Berlin.
On my wall, there are many picture postcards.
Who is the person in this picture?
Come into the sitting room, we want to watch TV.
The town lies 530 meters above sea level.
EX.2.
1. What are you doing at the weekend?
2. I don't know yet. Maybe I'll go to the cinema on Saturday.
3. That's interesting. I haven't been to the cinema for so many years.
4. We could go there together in the afternoon.
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5. That would be great. But I would prefer to go there in the evening. I am visiting my grandma
on Saturday.
6. That's okay. The film starts at eight o'clock.
7. I can pick you up at half past seven. How long does the film last?
8. It lasts for two hours and forty-five minutes.
9. From eight till a quarter to eleven.
10.That's right. But I must hurry home after the film. I have to be home by eleven o'clock.
Conjuncţia
EX.1.
1. Daniel was cold, so he put on a coat.
2. Maria tried to translate the text, but it was too difficult.
3. To get from Piteşti to Bucharest, you can take a bus, or you can go by car.
4. I bought a bottle of wine, and we drank it together.
5. The teacher was not very nice, but the mark was good.
6. I went to buy my favorite CD, but the shop didn't have it.
7. Irina needed some money, so she took a part-time job.
8. There's so much noise in the building lately! Maybe it's because of the new familz who has
just moved in ,or maybe it's just coincidence.
9. Julie has a guitar, and she plays it really well.
10. The concert was cancelled, so we went to a disco instead.
EX.2.
Daniel couldn't buy any presents because he didn't have any money.
I don't drink coffee as it makes me nervous.
Although it was snowing, I wasn’t cold.
Since she doesn't speak English, she can't translate that text.
Daniel passed the exam first time while his brother had to retake it four times.
Paula got the job she wanted even though she had no experience.
I will be late today because my car has broken down.
Whereas my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at the countryside for my vacations.
Interjecţia
1. " AH , that feels good"
2. " ALAS, she's dead now"
3. " Oh DEAR ! Does it hurt ?"
4. "What do you think of that, EH ?"
5. "Lima is the capital of.... ER....Peru"
6. " HELLO John, How are you today ?"
7. " HMM, I'm not so sure"
8. " OH , please say 'yes' !"
9. " WELL, what did he say "
10. " 85 divided by 5 is... UM...17"
11. "Shall we go ? " " UH-HUH "
12. " OUCH ! That hurts !"
Subiectul şi predicatul
EX.1.
1. Yesterday, (Ross and Monica )took their children to the zoo.
2. (The elephants, the lions, and all of the other animals) were outside.
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3. (The president of the bank )looked everywhere for the papers .
4. (They) listened quietly.
5. (The yellow race car with red stripes) finished the first in the race.
6. After his speech,( the president of the meeting) shook hands with all members of the crowd .
EX.2.
1. The dirty yellow cat prowled through the dark alley/ lived in the attic last winter.
2. We stood outside the hotel all night./ baked delicious apple pies./ were late yesterday.
3. Tom and his brother stood outside the hotel all night./ baked delicious apple pies./ were late
yesterday./ sold used cars.
4. The taxi driver stood outside the hotel all night./ was from the Middle East.
5. Anna's elderly mother baked delicious apple pies./ was from the Middle East.
6. The green tree snake was from the Middle East.
7. The detective in the gray raincoat stood outside the hotel all night./ waited patiently for his
victim.
8. Seven rats lived in the attic last winter.
Complementul direct
1. The computer programmer is testing his new software.
Programatorul îşi testează noul soft.
2. We suddenly realized that someone was listening.
Deodată ne-am dat seama că cineva asculta.
3. Amy has decided to go to university.
Amy s-a hotărât să meargă la facultate.
4. They can't read what you've just written.
Ei nu pot citi ceea ce tocmai ai scris.
5.This exercise involves clicking on the screen.
Acest exerciţiu implică a da click pe ecran.
Complementul indirect
1. Indirect object: you. Direct object: some money
2. Direct object: English writers (no indirect object)
3. Indirect object: them. Direct object: news
4. Indirect object: Mary. Direct object: candy
5. Indirect object: students. Direct object: homework
6. Direct object: boys (no indirect object)
7. Direct object: them (no indirect object)
8. Indirect object: us. Direct object: speech
9. Direct object: letters (no indirect object)
10. Indirect object: son. Direct object: keys
11. Direct object: rain (no indirect object)
12. Direct object: traffic (or air traffic)
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Complementul prepoziţional
He reminds me of your brother in some ways. You have similar temperaments.
The „must not” message is designed to prevent people from entering.
The judge banned him from driving for six months.
This new software enables the user to get lots of reports for the management.
I don't smoke at home; I don't want to encourage the children to smoke.
The team manager wouldn't allow the press to interview his players.
The police wouldn't provide the press with any details about the crime.
The salesman failed to interest me in any of his products.
Construcţii complexe:
EX.1.
a. nominativul absolut
b. nominativul absolut
3- N+ infinitiv
4- Ac + infinitive
5- N absolut + part. prezent
EX.2.
1. The manager was expected to speak first. 2. He was thought to be gifted in singing. 3. He was
heard walking slowly in the dark. 4. He was advised him to go to the hospital as soon as possible
5. We were told not to worry. 6. He was asked him by the manager to explain the semester
report. 7. He was seen stealing the money. 8. His thoughts are considered to be very weird.
Complementul circumstanţial de loc,timp, mod
They were in Paris. (last week) → They were in Paris last week.- adverbial of time
She walks his dog. (rarely) → She rarely walks his dog. - adverbial of manner
She waited. (patiently) → She waited patiently. - adverbial of manner
My father goes fishing. (always) → My father always goes fishing. - adverbial of time
Your bedroom is. (upstairs) → Your bedroom is upstairs. - adverbial of place
We don't go skiing. (in summer) → We don't go skiing in summer. - adverbial of time
Cats can hear. (well) → Cats can hear well. - adverbial of manner
I saw him. (there) → I saw him there.- adverbial of place
The boy speaks English. (fluently) → The boy speaks English fluently. - adverbial of manner
I have seen that movie. (never) / (before) → I have never seen that movie before. - adverbial of
time
Atributul
1. Those are probably the fanciest boys in the school.
2. Uncle Daniel is really a sweet old man.
3. Dacia used to be a fine Romanian car.
4. All the family was home for the holidays. What could make for a merrier Christmas?
5. They were raised in a comfortable little house in Bucharest.
6. Four weddings and a funeral is the most exciting movie I've ever seen.
7. She wanted to take a course with that interesting new Japanese economics
professor.
8. Of all the mechanics in the shop, he is surely the least competent .
9. In the fall, the valleys tend to be foggier than the hilltops.
10. My cold is definitely worse this morning.
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TEST FINAL 41. did they go
42. likes
1. are you doing 43. is listening
2. Do you always get up 44. Does he always play
3. Has John got 45. was watching
4. is having 46. already
5. loves 47. stay out
6. went 48. some
7. isn't 49. Few
8. is going 50. had finished
9. took 51. seeing
10. did he arrive 52. Have ... gone
11. are they doing 53. Yet
12. did you go 54. interested in
13. Have you got 55. were photographed
14. loves 56. arrives
15. is coming 57. among
16. is 58. giving
17. taught 59. as ... as
18. Does he always have 60. said
19. drove 61. do you have to do
20. Have you got 62. 's fine
21. did she study 63. in front of
22. doesn't like 64. shouldn't
23. is watching 65. interested in
24. took 66. might have been
25. isn't 67. whose
26. are you doing 68. look after
27. is going to visit 69. had to
28. Do you always finish 70. have been working
29. rode 71. have been made
30. are you doing 72. explain
31. Does she often telephone 73. are going
32. Have they got 74. in
33. are reading 75. on
34. taught 76. in – on
35. loves 77. about
36. is going to have 78. at – during
37. flew 79. up
38. isn't going to be 80. out of
39. did she do
40. Has Thomas got
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81. in 121. some
82. at – on 122. some
83. until 123. ago
84. for – against 124. have never been
85. on 125. played – was
86. to 126. -
87. _ 127. have worked – began
88. to – at 128. have already eaten
89. by 129. learned - has played
90. in – on 130. bought
91. in – in 131. moved – lived
92. on 132. went - has been
93. by – by 133. haven't thought
94. by 134. has believed
95. within 135. did you live
96. in 136. has written
97. since 137. have just had
98. until 138. has begun
99. has lived 139. has recorded
100. has worked 140. recorded
101. any 141. have you read
102. an 142. did you read
103. to 143. Has the newspaper arrived
104. is 144. have you found - have found
105. bought 145. Did you smoke
106. much 146. left
107. - 147. hasn't left
108. him 148.didn't know - were - Have you been
109. at 149. Have you seen
110. listening to 150. didn't get
111. do you do
112. works
113. some
114. can
115. in the
116. into
117. Excuse me
118. Italy
119. on
120. next to
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TIMPURILE LIMBII ENGLEZE - fişă exemplu
PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS
Affirmative: S + V (s/es for IIIrd Affirmative: S + Be (present) + V ing:
person sg): I am eating now.
He goes to school everyday. Interrogative: Be (present) + S + V ing:
She drinks milk everyday. Am I eating now?
Interrogative: Do/Does + S +V Negative: S + Be (present) + Not + V ing:
Do I go to school everyday? I am not eating now
Does she go to school everyday? - Acţiune care se petrece în momentul
Negative: S + Do/Does + Not + V vorbirii: I am reading.
I do not go to school everyday. - Acţiune temporară: This week, I am doing
He doesn’t read this novel the homework, you are doing the cleaning
everyday. and he is going shopping.
- Acţiune generală, repetabilă: I - Acţiune viitoare planificată în prezent
read daily. (neoficial):
- Adevăruri general valabile: The We are spending the week end in the
Earth spins round. country.
- Acţiuni viitoare planificate în
prezent ca urmare a unui program
oficial
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative: S + Have/Has (IIIrd Affirmative: S + Have/Has + Been + Ving
person sg) + V3 You have been waiting here for two hours.
I have met Mr. Brown. She has been waiting here for two hours.
She has met Mrs. Brown. Interrogative: Have you been waiting here for
Interrogative: Have/Has + S + V3 two hours?
Have you met my girlfriend? Negative: S + Have/Has + not + Been + Ving
Has he met his cousin? You have not been waiting here for two
Negative: S + Have/Has + Not + hours.
V3 - Acţiune începută în trecut care se continuă
I haven’t read his last novel. şi în prezent:
She hasn’t left already. DIFERENŢA DINTRE PRESENT
- Acţiune începută în trecut, CONTINUOUS
terminată în trecut, (neprecizat ŞI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
timpul): I have eaten. (am 1. Plouă= It is raining
mâncat) 2. Plouă de mult / de…= It has been rainig
- Acţiune terminată în perioada de for…
timp neterminată :
I have already read the
newspaper today.
- Acţiune începută în trecut care
se continuă şi în prezent: I have
met her.
PAST TENSE SIMPLE PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS (imperfect)
Affirmative: S + V2 Affirmative: S + Be (past) + V ing
You went to your friend yesterday. I was watching TV when she came.
Interrogative: Did + S + V Interrogative: Be (past) + S + V ing
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Did you go to work yesterday? Were you reading when I entered the room?
Negative: S + Did + Not + V Negative: S + Be (past) + Not + V ing
They didn’t go to work yesterday? He wasn’t eating when she phoned.
Acţiune trecută terminată în Acţiune trecută în desfăşurare în prezent:
moment precizat: (ago, last, When you entered my room, I was watching
yesterday, in 2004): I met her in TV.
1981.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
(m.m.c.p.) Affirmative: S + Had + Been + V ing
Affirmative: S + Had + V3 She had been living in that house since 1993.
They had watched TV for half an Interrogative: Had + S + Been + V ing
hour. Had she been living in that house since 1993?
Interrogative: Had + S + V3 Negative: S + Had + Not + Been + V ing
Had they watched TV for half an She had not been living in that house since
hour? 1993.
Negative: S + Had + Not + V3 Acţiune trecută începută înaintea altei acţiuni
They hadn’t watched TV for half trecute
an hour. şi continuându-se şi în momentul începerii
Acţiune trecută terminată înaintea celei de-a doua:
altei acţiuni trecute:ex: I had I had been watching TV for 2 hours when
already eaten for long when you you came.
came.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE Affirmative: S + Will/Shall + Be + V ing
Affirmative: S + Will/Shall + V They will be going to the mountains.
They will go to the seaside Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Be + V ing
tomorrow. Shall we be reading this novel tomorrow?
Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + V Negative: S + Will/Shall + Not + Be + V ing
Shall we go to the mountains next You will not be reading this poem.
week?
Negative: S + Will/Shall + Not +
V
They will not read this novel
tomorrow.
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative: S + shall/will + have Affirmative: S + shall/will + have been + V-
+ V3 ing
They will have gone by now. They will have been building that house for 2
Interrogative: Shall/will + S + years next Christmas.
have + V3 Interrogative shall/will + S + have been + V-
Will you have gone by now? ing
Negative: S + shall/will+ Not + Will they have been building that house for 2
have + V3 years next Christmas?
They will not have gone by now. Negative: S + shall/will + not + have been +
V-ing
They will have been building that house for 2
years next Christmas.
Exprimă faptul că o acţiune se va afla înca în
desfăşurare la un anumit moment în viitor.
94
Verbul TO WORK -model Past Tense
I worked
Indicative you worked
he/she/it worked
Present we worked
I work you worked
you work they worked
he/she/it works Past continuous
we work I was working
you work you were working
they work he/she/it was working
we were working
Present continuous you were working
I am working they were working
you are working Present perfect
he/she/it is working I have worked
we are working you have worked
you are working he/she/it has worked
they are working we have worked
you have worked
Past perfect continuous they have worked
I had been working Future
you had been working I will work
he/she/it had been working you will work
we had been working he/she/it will work
you had been working we will work
they had been working you will work
they will work
Past perfect Future continuous
I had worked I will be working
you had worked you will be working
he/she/it had worked he/she/it will be working
we had worked we will be working
you had worked you will be working
they had worked they will be working
Present perfect continuous
Future perfect I have been working
I will have worked you have been working
you will have worked he/she/it has been working
he/she/it will have worked we have been working
we will have worked you have been working
you will have worked they have been working
they will have worked Participle
Present Past
Future perfect continuous working worked
I will have been working
you will have been working 95
he/she/it will have been working
we will have been working
you will have been working
they will have been working
Infinitive
to work
Bibliografie:
Leon Leviţchi, Ioan Preda - Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed. Ştiinţifică 1967;
Alice Bădescu - Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed.Ştiinţifică, 1963;
Georgiana Gălăţeanu, Ecaterina Comişel, - Gramatica limbii engleze, pentru uz şcolar, Editura
didactică şi pedagogică – Bucureşti,1982
Catedra de limbă şi literatură engleză. Universitatea din Bucureşti - Gramatica limbii
engleze, Ed. Ştiinţifică, 1962;
Ioana Ştefănescu - Lectures in English Morphology, Univ. din Buc., 1978.
96
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