42 reform, etc. may also be one of the factors in evaluating teacher performance. It should be pointed out that the performance appraisal mechanism may be somewhat controversial, because the standards for evaluating education quality are relatively complex and do not only depend on test scores, but also need to comprehensively consider factors such as teaching methods, subject literacy cultivation, and student comprehensive development. Therefore, a reasonable, scientific and fair performance appraisal mechanism needs to be continuously improved and adjusted.
43 17. Are there relevant regulations and policies in the education management system to regulate primary education? Primary school education is regulated by relevant laws and policies in the education management system. In China, the national and local governments at all levels have formulated a series of regulations and policies aimed at guiding, managing and standardizing primary education. Here are some common regulations and policies: 17.1 "Compulsory Education Law": The Compulsory Education Law is China's basic education regulations, which stipulates the content, time limit and requirements for nine-year compulsory education for students. Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. 17.2 "Basic Education Curriculum Reform Outline": This outline stipulates the overall goals, basic principles, reform directions and tasks of the national basic education curriculum reform, and puts forward guiding requirements for the curriculum and teaching methods at the primary school level. 17.3 "Three-Year Action Plan for Preschool Education": This plan clarifies the development goals,
44 key tasks and policy measures of preschool education. The improvement and standardization of preschool education also affects the preschool education link before primary school. 17.4 "Safety Work Standards for Primary and Secondary Schools": The state has formulated a series of standards for safety work in primary and secondary schools, including regulations on campus environment, building facilities, fire safety, etc. 17.5 "Primary and Secondary School Teachers Law": This law stipulates the rights and obligations of primary and secondary school teachers, regulates teachers' professional behavior, and puts forward some requirements for the management and development of primary and secondary school teachers. 17.6 "Regulations on Student Status Management": This regulation clarifies the basic principles and procedures of student status management and provides guidance on the management of student status for primary school students. 17.7 "Guidance Outline for Mental Health Education for Primary and Secondary School
45 Students": This outline puts forward the goals, content and methods of mental health education for primary and secondary school students, and provides guidance for mental health education for primary and secondary school students. 17.8 Local regulations and policies: Each province, autonomous region, and municipality will also formulate corresponding regulations and policies based on actual conditions to meet local education needs. These regulations and policies aim to ensure that primary school students receive qualified and quality education, ensure the rights and interests of schools, teachers and students, and promote the sustainable development and improvement of primary education.
46 18. Are there support mechanisms for students with special needs in primary school, such as special education? There are support mechanisms for students with special needs at the primary school level, of which special education is an important component. Students with special needs include, but are not limited to, students with learning disabilities, mental retardation, physical disabilities, sensory impairments, language barriers, etc. The following are the main aspects of support for students with special needs in the primary school years: 18.1 Individualized Education Plan (IEP): For students with special needs, schools usually develop individualized education plans to plan students’ learning goals, support services, teaching methods, etc. in detail to meet their individual needs. 18.2 Special education classes: Some schools have specialized special education classes to provide more personalized teaching services for students with special needs and are equipped with professional special education teachers. 18.3 Resource classrooms: Schools may set up resource classrooms to provide students with special
47 needs with additional learning support, such as tutoring, group learning, etc. 18.4 Auxiliary tools and technologies: For visual, auditory, motor and other obstacles, the school may provide corresponding auxiliary tools and technologies, such as Braille books, hearing aids, computer-assisted learning tools, etc. 18.5 Professional support: The school may hire professional special education teachers, rehabilitation physicians, psychologists and other professionals to provide professional support and services to students with special needs. 18.6 Cooperation between families and schools: Establish a positive cooperative relationship between schools and families, jointly pay attention to the development of students with special needs, and share the situation of students in their home environment to better coordinate and support the development of students. 18.7 Training and continuing professional development: The school will provide teachers with special education training and continuing professional development opportunities to improve their ability to understand and support students with special needs.
48 The support mechanism for students with special needs is established to ensure that every student has equal learning opportunities and promotes their allround development. This requires the joint efforts of schools, teachers, parents and society to build an inclusive and caring educational environment.
49 19. Does primary school education pay attention to and support the cultivation of students' innovation and practical abilities? Modern primary school education pays more and more attention to cultivating students' innovation and practical abilities. Innovation and practical ability are important components of students' comprehensive quality and help cultivate students' creative thinking, practical ability and problem-solving ability. The following are some common practices in primary education that focus on and support the cultivation of students’ innovative and practical abilities: 19.1 Maker education: The school promotes maker education and encourages students to create, design, and produce their own works through handson practice. This helps cultivate students' innovative thinking and practical ability. 19.2 Scientific experiments: Primary school curricula usually include some simple scientific experiments to help students understand scientific knowledge, develop observation and experimental design abilities through practical hands-on operations. 19.3 Extracurricular science and technology and art activities: The school organizes students to
50 participate in some extracurricular science and technology competitions, art creation competitions, etc. to stimulate students' innovative potential and enhance their practical abilities in different fields. 19.4 Project learning: Project learning is introduced to allow students to carry out exploratory learning in teams, solve practical problems, and cultivate students' cooperation, communication and problem-solving abilities. 19.5 Community service and practical activities: The school organizes students to participate in community services and practical activities, and cultivates students' sense of social responsibility and practical ability through participation in social practice. 19.6 Entrepreneurship education: Introduce the elements of entrepreneurship education to cultivate students' entrepreneurial spirit and innovation ability, and let students understand the basic knowledge and skills of entrepreneurship. 19.7 Art, music and physical education courses: Provide a variety of art, music and physical education courses to stimulate students' creative thinking and practical abilities through artistic creation, music performance, sports activities and other forms.
51 19.8 School-based curriculum design: The school encourages teachers to design innovative and practical school-based courses based on students’ interests and needs to meet students’ personalized learning needs. Through the above measures, primary school education aims to cultivate students' all-round development, focusing on cultivating students' sense of innovation and practical ability, so that they can better cope with various challenges in future study and work.
52 20. What are the reform measures for China’s primary education management system? China's primary education management system has undergone a series of reform initiatives in recent years, aiming to improve the quality of education, promote the all-round development of students, and adapt to rapid socioeconomic changes. Here are some of the major reform initiatives: 20.1 Promotion of quality education: shift from focusing on subject performance to comprehensively improving students' comprehensive quality. This includes an emphasis on innovative thinking, critical thinking, teamwork and problem-solving skills. 20.2 Curriculum reform: Adjust and enrich course content, introduce more practical activities and inquiry learning, and reduce the pressure of exam-oriented education. Strengthen the teaching of quality education subjects such as music, physical education, and art. 20.3 Teacher professional development: Strengthen teacher training and improve teachers’ professional level and teaching ability. Faculty are encouraged to participate in continuing education and research activities to keep abreast of the latest educational concepts and methods.
53 20.4 Evaluation system reform: From a single test score evaluation to a diversified evaluation system, including students' academic performance, comprehensive quality, innovation ability and social practice. 20.5 Integration of information technology: Actively promote the application of information technology in teaching, such as the use of digital education resources and online learning platforms, to improve teaching efficiency and students' information literacy . 20.6 Strengthen home-school cooperation: Establish a more effective home-school communication mechanism, encourage parents to participate in school education, and jointly pay attention to the all-round development of students. 20.7 Special education support: Provide more support for students with special education needs, including personalized teaching plans and adaptive resources. 20.8 Reduce students’ academic burden: Reduce students’ learning pressure by adjusting homework and extracurricular activities, and ensure that students have enough time for leisure and social activities. These reform measures reflect the efforts of the
54 Chinese education sector to adapt to international education trends, meet the diverse needs of students, and improve educational equity. Through these initiatives, China's primary education is gradually developing in a more comprehensive, balanced and inclusive direction.
55 Test questions and reference answers 1. In the sixth grade curriculum of Chinese primary schools, which subject is mainly aimed at cultivating students' English listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities? A) Chinese B) Mathematics C) English D) Social sciences The correct answer is C English 2. According to China’s Compulsory Education Law, at what age do students usually start attending primary school? A) 5 years old B) 6 years old C) 7 years old D) 8 years old The correct answer is B) 6 years old 3. In the primary school teaching management organization, which department is mainly responsible for formulating teaching plans, managing student performance, and supervising and evaluating teaching work?
56 A) Principal's Office B) Academic Affairs Office C) Moral Education Office (or Student Affairs Office) D) Logistics support department The correct answer is B) Academic Affairs Office. 4. In primary education, what special requirements do teachers usually need to ensure that they can better understand and guide students? A) Educational background, such as education or related professional degree B) Knowledge of educational psychology C) Innovation ability D) Rich primary school teaching experience The correct answer is B) knowledge of educational psychology. 5. In schools' evaluation and management of students' academic performance, which method is usually used to assess students' mastery of knowledge in various subjects and conduct regular testing? A) Assignment Assessment B) Exams and Quizzes C) Class participation and discussion D) Projects and practical tasks The correct answer is B) exams and quizzes. 6. Among the methods to maintain effective
57 communication between the school and parents, which one is through regular meetings to provide a platform to discuss students’ academic and behavior? A) Parent meeting B) Parents Day C) Communication tools D) home visit The correct answer is A) parent conference. 7. What is the main purpose of the examination system at the primary school level in China? A) Emphasis on competition and selection B) Help students consolidate basic knowledge and develop study habits C) Only taking score ranking as the main goal D) Mainly used for student selection for further studies The correct answer is B) Help students consolidate basic knowledge and develop study habits. 8. In contemporary education, in order to promote the mental health development of students, what measures do schools usually take? A) Mental health education courses B) Strengthen physical exercise C) improve academic performance D) Increase the amount of homework The correct answer is A) mental health education
58 courses. 9. In China’s primary education system, the process of students moving from primary school to junior high school usually involves the completion of which stage? A) First grade of elementary school B) Sixth grade primary school C) First grade of junior high school D) Third grade of junior high school The correct answer is B) sixth grade. 10. At the primary school level, for students with special needs, what measures do schools usually take to meet their individual needs? A) Individualized Education Plan (IEP) B) Increase the academic load C) Reduce outdoor activities D) Limit the use of assistive tools and technology The correct answer is A) Individualized Education Plan (IEP).
Back cover introduction This book is a professional book that deeply explores the current situation and development of primary school education management in China. It aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth perspective for educators, parents of students, policy makers, and readers who are interested in China's education system. The book is compact and concise, revealing many aspects of China's primary education management system through 20 key questions. In this book, the author first introduces the basic framework of primary education in China. Subsequently, the book deeply discusses the educational management system of Chinese primary schools. Finally, the book also specifically discusses the challenges and future development trends of primary education in China. Overall, this book is a reference book with rich content and large amount of information. It not only provides a detailed guide for readers interested in understanding China's education system, but also provides a valuable reference for educators and policymakers. Through a comprehensive analysis of China's primary education management system, this
book provides profound insights into improving education quality, promoting educational equity, and realizing educational modernization.