Psychology

Index 743

homophily, 448 immunosuppression, 512, 539 Institutional Animal Care and
homophobia, 437, 448 immutable characteristic, 487 Use Committee (IACUC), 63, 65
homosexual, 346, 361 immutable characteristics, 472 institutional review board (IRB),
homozygous, 77, 104 Implicit memories, 260 60
hopelessness theory, 575, 598 implicit memory, 281
hormone, 104 in-group, 438, 448 Institutional Review Board
hormones, 101 in-group bias, 438, 448 (IRB), 65
Horney, 381 inattentional blindness, 151,
hospice, 321, 324 177 instrumental aggression, 439,
Hostile aggression, 439 448
hostile aggression, 448 incongruence, 387, 400
Hovland, 423 incus, 164, 177 intake, 626, 638
Human factors psychology, 458 independent variable, 55, 65
human factors psychology, 487 individual psychology, 377, 400 intelligence quotient, 239, 250
Humanism, 13 individual therapy, 627, 638
humanism, 30, 386 individualistic culture, 412, 448 inter-rater reliability, 45, 65
humanistic therapy, 622, 638 inductive reasoning, 38, 65
hunger, 338 Industrial and organizational (I- Interaural level difference, 165
hypertension, 516, 538 O) psychology, 458
hyperthymesia, 262 industrial and organizational (I- interaural level difference, 177
Hypnosis, 138 O) psychology, 487 Interaural timing difference,
hypnosis, 141 Industrial psychology, 458 165
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal industrial psychology, 487
(HPA) axis, 502, 538 Industrial-Organizational interaural timing difference, 177
hypothalamus, 95, 104 psychology, 23
hypothesis, 39, 52, 65 inferiority complex, 377, 400 internal factor, 410, 448
inflammatory pain, 170, 177 International Classification of
I informational social influence, Diseases (ICD), 552, 598
427, 448
id, 372, 400 Informational social influence, Interpersonal, 410
ideal self, 387, 400 432
identical twins, 79, 104 Intrapersonal, 410
illusory correlation, 65 informed consent, 61, 65
Illusory correlations, 51 initiation, 421 intrinsic, 332
imitation, 209 Innocence Project, 269
immune system, 503, 512, 539 insomnia, 114, 141 intrinsic motivation, 362
instinct, 213, 333, 362
instincts, 186 introspection, 8, 30

Involuntary treatment, 613

involuntary treatment, 638

iris, 157, 177

J

James, 9, 333

James-Lange theory, 353
James-Lange theory of emotion,
362

Jet lag, 114

jet lag, 141

job analysis, 464, 487

job burnout, 509, 539

744 Index

job interview, 466 linear perspective, 177 membrane potential, 82, 105
Job satisfaction, 474 locus coeruleus, 561, 598 Memory, 256
job satisfaction, 487 locus of control, 385, 400 memory, 282
job strain, 509, 539 Long-Term Memory, 258 memory consolidation, 259, 282
Johnson, 347 Long-term memory (LTM), 260 memory-enhancing strategies,
Jung, 125, 379 long-term memory (LTM), 282 277
just noticeable difference, 177 longitudinal fissure, 90, 104
just noticeable difference (jnd), Longitudinal research, 47 memory-enhancing strategy,
150 longitudinal research, 65 282
just-world hypothesis, 414, 448 lucid dream, 141
Lucid dreams, 125 menarche, 315, 324
K lymphocytes, 513, 539 Ménière's disease, 167, 177
mental set, 232, 250
K-complex, 122, 141 M Merkel’s disk, 177
kinesthesia , 171, 177 Merkel’s disks, 169
Kinsey, 346 magnetic resonance imaging meta-analysis, 117, 142
Kohlberg, 299 (MRI), 99, 104 metabolic rate, 339, 362
major depressive disorder, 569, Methadone, 136
L 598 methadone, 142
malleus, 164, 177 methadone clinic, 142
Language, 225 Mania, 569 Methadone clinics, 136
language, 250 mania, 598 Methamphetamine, 134
latency period, 377, 400 manic depression, 571 methamphetamine, 142
Latent content, 125 manic episode, 571, 599 midbrain, 96, 105
latent content, 141 Manifest content, 125 Milgram, 22, 428
latent learning, 206, 213 manifest content, 142 Minnesota Multiphasic
lateralization, 90, 104 marijuana, 581 Personality Inventory (MMPI),
law of effect, 198, 213 Martin, 409 397, 400
learned helplessness, 525 Maslow, 13, 336, 387 Minnesota Study of Twins
learning, 186, 213, 383 Masters, 347 Reared Apart, 387
lens, 158, 177 Meditation, 139 Misattribution, 275
leptin, 338, 362 meditation, 142, 529 misattribution, 282
levels of processing, 279, 281 medulla, 97, 105 Mischel, 385
Lexicon, 225 Meissner’s corpuscle, 177 misinformation effect paradigm,
lexicon, 250 Meissner’s corpuscles, 169 271, 282
lifespan development, 416 melatonin, 114, 142 mitosis, 301, 324
limbic system, 95, 104, 355 mnemonic device, 282
Linear perspective, 163 Mnemonic devices, 278

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Index 745

model, 213 Negative affectivity, 519 O
modeling, 558 negative affectivity, 539
models, 208 negative correlation, 49, 65 O*Net, 464
Molaison, 96 negative punishment, 199, 213
monaural, 165 negative reinforcement, 199, Obedience, 428, 432
monaural cue, 177 213
monocular cue, 177 obedience, 448
monocular cues, 163 negative symptom, 599
Mood, 352 Negative symptoms, 579 obese, 340, 362
mood disorder, 599 nervous system, 80, 86
Mood disorders, 568 neurodevelopmental disorder , object permanence, 297, 324
Morbid obesity, 340 599
morbid obesity, 362 neurodevelopmental disorders, observational learning, 208, 213
morpheme, 250 590
morphemes, 225 observer bias, 45, 65
Motivation, 332 neuron, 82, 105
motivation, 362 Neurons, 80, 80 obsessions, 563
motor cortex, 92, 105 neuropathic pain, 170, 177 Obsessive-compulsive and
Motor skills, 307 neurosis, 373, 401 related disorders, 562
motor skills , 324 neurotransmitter, 105, 265 obsessive-compulsive and
Müller-Lyer, 152 neurotransmitters, 81, 85 related disorders, 599
Multiple Intelligences Theory, neutral stimulus (NS), 188, 213 obsessive-compulsive disorder,
236, 250 newborn reflexes, 305, 324 599
mutation, 78, 105 nicotine, 135
myelin sheath, 81, 105 night terror, 142 obsessive-compulsive disorder
Night terrors, 128 (OCD), 562
N nociception, 170, 177 obsessive-compulsive
non-REM (NREM), 121, 142 personality disorder, 584
narcissistic personality disorder, nondirective therapy, 622, 638
584 normative approach, 289, 324 Obstructive sleep apnea, 128
narcolepsy, 129, 142 normative social influence, 427,
natural concept , 250 448 obstructive sleep apnea, 142
Natural concepts, 222
natural selection, 119 Normative social influence, 432 occipital lobe, 94, 105
naturalistic observation, 44, 65 Norming, 239
nature, 291, 324 norming, 250 olfactory bulb, 169, 177
nurture, 291, 324
Olfactory receptor, 168

olfactory receptor, 177

ology, 6, 30

operant conditioning, 197, 213,
565

operational definition, 53, 65

opiate/opioid, 142

opiates, 135

opinion, 65

opinions, 38

opioid, 135

opponent-process theory, 161

746 Index

opponent-process theory of participants, 65 persuasion, 448
color perception, 177 pattern perception, 174, 178 phallic stage, 376, 401
optic chiasm, 159, 177 Pavlov, 11, 187 PhD, 26, 30
optic nerve, 159, 177 peak, 154, 178 Phenotype, 76
optimism, 536, 539 peer-reviewed journal article, phenotype, 105
oral stage, 376, 401 65 phenylketonuria, 77
orbitofrontal cortex, 564, 599 pheromone, 178
Organizational culture, 481 peer-reviewed journal articles, pheromones, 169
organizational culture, 487 57 phobia, 557
Organizational psychology, 458 phoneme, 225, 250
organizational psychology, 474, Perceived control, 524 photoreceptor, 158, 178
487 perceived control, 539 Physical dependence, 130
perception, 19, 178 physical dependence, 142
Orgasm, 347 Perception, 151 Physical development, 288
orgasm, 362 perceptual hypotheses, 174 physical development , 324
ossicles, 164 perceptual hypothesis, 178 Piaget, 20, 295
out-group, 438, 448 performance appraisal, 487 pineal gland, 114, 142
overgeneralization, 227, 250 Performance appraisals, 468 Pinel, 610
overweight, 340, 362 peripartum onset, 571, 599 pinna, 164, 178
peripheral nervous system pitch, 155, 178
P (PNS), 86, 105 pituitary gland, 101, 105
peripheral route, 424 place theory, 165
Pacinian corpuscle, 178 peripheral route persuasion, place theory of pitch perception,
Pacinian corpuscles, 169 448 178
pancreas, 102, 105 placebo effect, 54, 65
panic attack, 560, 599 permissive parenting style , 324 placenta, 301, 324
panic disorder, 560, 599 permissive style, 313 plateau, 347, 362
paranoid delusion, 599 persistence, 276, 282 Play therapy, 616
paranoid delusions, 579 persistent depressive disorder, play therapy, 638
paranoid personality disorder, 571, 599 polygenic, 78, 105
584 Personality, 368 polygraph, 355, 362
personality, 401 pons, 97, 105
parasomnia, 126 personality disorder , 599 population, 45, 65
parasympathetic nervous personality disorders, 584 positive affect, 536, 539
system, 87, 105 Personality psychology, 21
parietal lobe, 93, 105 personality psychology, 30
parinsomnia, 142 personality trait, 30
partial reinforcement, 203, 213 personality traits, 21
Participants, 55 Persuasion, 422

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Index 747

positive correlation, 49, 65 procedural justice, 487 psychosocial development ,
Procedural memory, 261 293, 324
positive psychology, 535, 539 procedural memory, 282 Psychotherapy, 614
prodromal symptom, 599 psychotherapy, 638
positive punishment, 199, 214 prodromal symptoms, 582 psychotropic medication, 105
projection, 375, 401 Psychotropic medications, 85
positive reinforcement, 199, 214 Projective test , 401 PsyD, 27, 31
projective testing, 398 punishment, 199, 214
Positron emission tomography proprioception , 171, 178 Punnett square, 77
(PET), 99 prosocial, 211 pupil, 157, 178
prosocial behavior, 442, 448
positron emission tomography prototype, 221, 250 R
(PET) scan, 105 proximity, 172, 178
psyche, 6, 30 Racism, 435
postdoctoral training program, psychoanalysis, 617, 638 racism, 448
30 Psychoanalytic theory, 10 Rahe, 505
psychoanalytic theory, 30 random assignment, 56, 65
postdoctoral training programs, psychodynamic, 616 random sample, 56, 66
27 psychological dependence, 130, Range of reaction, 78
142 range of reaction, 105, 250
postpartum depression, 571 Range of Reaction, 246
psychological disorder, 546, Rapid eye movement (REM),
posttraumatic stress disorder 599 121
(PTSD), 566, 599
psychology, 6, 30 rapid eye movement (REM)
Practical intelligence, 236 Psychoneuroimmunology, 512 sleep, 142
psychoneuroimmunology, 539 rational emotive therapy (RET),
practical intelligence , 250 Psychopathology, 546 621, 638
psychopathology, 599 rationalization, 375, 401
Prader-Willi Syndrome, 341 psychophysiological disorders, reaction formation, 375, 401
511, 539 real self, 387, 401
prefrontal cortex, 92, 105 psychosexual development, Recall, 262
293, 324 recall, 282
prejudice, 175, 435, 436, 436, psychosexual stage of receptor, 105
437, 448, 528 development, 375 Receptors, 81
psychosexual stages of recessive allele, 77, 105
Prejudice, 433, 437 development, 401 reciprocal determinism, 383,
Psychosocial development, 288 401
prenatal care, 303, 324
Reciprocity, 444
prenatal development, 301

preoperational stage, 297, 324

primary appraisal, 494, 539

primary reinforcer, 201, 214

Primary sexual characteristics,
315

primary sexual characteristics ,
324

principle of closure, 173, 178

proactive interference, 276, 282

problem-focused coping, 523

problem-solving strategy, 229,
250

Procedural justice, 483

748 Index

reciprocity, 448 Retrograde amnesia, 268 Schemata, 296
Recognition, 263 retrograde amnesia, 282 Schiavo, 98
recognition, 282 reuptake, 84, 106 schizoid personality disorder,
reconstruction, 268, 282 reversibility, 298, 324 584
reflex, 214 rod, 178 schizophrenia, 80, 600
Reflexes, 186 Rods, 158 Schizophrenia, 578
refractory period, 347, 362 Rogerian, 622 schizotypal personality
regression, 375, 401 Rogerian (client-centered disorder, 584
rehearsal, 259, 277, 282 therapy), 638 scientific management, 478, 487
reinforcement, 214 Rogers, 14, 622 scientific method, 38
relapse, 630, 638 role schema, 223, 250 Scott, 460
relaxation response technique, Romantic love, 445 script, 417, 449
529, 539 romantic love, 448 seasonal pattern, 571, 600
relearning, 263, 282 Rorschach Inkblot Test, 398, second-order conditioning, 190
Reliability, 59 401 secondary appraisal, 495, 539
reliability, 66 secondary reinforcer, 201, 214
REM sleep behavior disorder Rotating shift work, 115 Secondary sexual
(RBD), 127, 142 rotating shift work, 142 characteristics, 315
replicate, 58, 66 Rotter, 385 secondary sexual characteristics
Representative bias, 233 Rotter Incomplete Sentence , 325
representative bias , 250 Blank (RISB), 398, 401 secure attachment, 311, 325
representative sample, 241, 250 Ruffini corpuscle, 178 secure base, 311, 325
repressed, 375 Ruffini corpuscles, 169 selective migration, 395, 401
repression , 401 Rumination, 576 self-concept, 387, 401
resistant attachment, 312, 324 rumination, 600 Self-disclosure, 444
Resolution, 347 self-disclosure, 449
resolution, 362 S Self-efficacy, 336, 384
resting potential, 82, 105 self-efficacy, 362, 401
restless leg syndrome, 127, 142 safety behavior, 600 self-fulfilling prophecy, 437,
reticular formation, 96, 106 safety behaviors, 558 449
retina, 158, 178 sample, 45, 66 self-reference effect, 258, 282
retrieval, 262, 282 satiation, 338, 362 self-serving bias, 414, 449
Retroactive interference, 276 Scapegoating, 439 Seligman, 535
retroactive interference, 282 scapegoating, 448 Selye, 494, 501
Schachter-Singer two-factor semantic encoding, 257, 282
theory, 353 semantic memory, 261, 282
Schachter-Singer two-factor
theory of emotion, 362
schema, 223, 250, 325

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Index 749

Semantics, 225 Sleep, 112 soma, 81, 106
semantics, 250 sleep, 142 somatic delusion, 579, 600
semipermeable membrane, 81, Sleep apnea, 128 somatic nervous system, 87, 106
106 sleep apnea , 143 somatosensory cortex, 93, 106
sensation, 19, 150, 178 sleep debt, 116, 143 specific phobia, 557, 600
sensorimotor, 297 Sleep rebound, 118 spermarche, 315, 325
sensorimotor stage , 325 sleep rebound, 143 spinal cord, 89
sensorineural hearing loss, 167, Sleep regulation, 114 spontaneous recovery, 193, 214
178 sleep regulation, 143 sport and exercise psychology,
sensory adaptation, 151, 178 sleep spindle, 122, 143 24, 31
Sensory Memory, 258 sleepwalking, 126, 143 Stage 1 sleep, 121
sensory memory, 259, 282 Smart, 270 stage 1 sleep, 143
serotonin, 574, 578 smell, 168 stage 2 sleep, 122, 143
set point theory, 362 Social anxiety disorder, 558 Stage 3, 122
set-point theory, 339 social anxiety disorder, 600 stage 3 sleep, 143
Sexism, 436 social exchange theory, 446, 449 stage 4, 122
sexism, 449 Social facilitation, 431, 432 stage 4 sleep, 143
sexual harassment, 482, 487 social facilitation, 449 stage of exhaustion, 502, 539
Sexual orientation, 346 Social loafing, 431 stage of moral reasoning , 325
sexual orientation, 362 social loafing, 449 stage of resistance, 502, 539
sexual response cycle, 347, 362 social norm, 416, 449 stages of moral reasoning, 299
shaping, 200, 214 Social psychology, 22, 410 standard deviation , 250
Shiffrin, 258 social psychology, 449 Standard deviations, 242
Short-Term Memory, 258 Social Readjustment Rating Standardization, 239
Short-term memory (STM), 259 Scale (SRRS), 505, 539 standardization , 250
short-term memory (STM), 282 social role, 415, 449 Stanford prison experiment, 417
sickle-cell anemia, 74 Social support, 526 stanford prison experiment, 449
signal detection theory, 152, social support, 539 stapes, 164, 178
178 social-cognitive theory, 383, 401 statistical analysis, 57, 66
similarity, 173, 178 Society for Industrial and stereotype, 434, 437, 449
single-blind study, 54, 66 Organizational Psychology Stereotype, 434
Situationism, 410 (SIOP), 463 stereotypes, 175
situationism, 449 socioemotional selectivity stimulant, 143
Skinner, 12, 197, 225, 383 theory, 320, 325 Stimulants, 133
Skinner box, 12 sodium-potassium pump, 82

750 Index

stimulus discrimination, 194, synapse, 81, 106 thermoception, 170, 178
214 synaptic vesicle, 106
synaptic vesicles, 81 theta wave, 143
stimulus generalization, 195, Syntax, 225
214 syntax, 250 Theta waves, 121
systematic desensitization, 618,
Storage, 258 638 Thorndike, 197

storage, 282 T threshold of excitation, 83, 106

strategic family therapy, 630, taste, 168 thyroid, 106
638 Taste aversion, 192
taste bud, 178 thyroid gland, 102
stress, 476, 494, 504, 510, 523, Taste buds, 168
530, 540 Taylor, 462 Timbre, 156
Telecommuting, 478
stressor, 504 telecommuting, 487 timbre, 178
telomere, 514
stressors, 494, 540 TEMAS Multicultural Thematic token economy, 620, 638
Apperception Test, 399, 402
Stroop effect, 259 Temperament, 314 Tolerance, 130
temperament , 325, 391, 402
structural family therapy, 629, temporal lobe, 94, 106 tolerance, 143
638 temporal theory, 165
temporal theory of pitch Tolman, 206
structuralism, 8, 31 perception, 178
teratogen, 304, 325 top-down processing, 151, 179
sublimation, 375, 401 terminal button, 106
terminal buttons, 81 traits, 389, 402
subliminal message, 178 thalamus, 95, 106
Thematic Apperception Test transactional leadership, 479
subliminal messages, 150 (TAT), 398, 402
theory, 39, 66 transactional leadership style,
substantia nigra, 96, 106 theory of evolution by natural 488
selection, 75, 106
sudden infant death syndrome Theory X, 478, 487 transduction, 150, 179
(SIDS), 129, 143 Theory Y, 478, 488
therapy, 24 transference, 615, 638
Suggestibility, 268
transformational leadership,
suggestibility, 282 479

suicidal ideation, 570, 600 transformational leadership
style, 488
Suicide, 576
transgender hormone therapy,
suicide, 600 349, 362

sulci, 90 transience, 273, 283

sulcus, 106 trial and error, 229, 250

superego, 372, 401 triangular theory of love, 445,
449
supernatural, 553, 600
triarchic theory of intelligence,
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), 236, 250
113, 143
trichromatic theory of color
survey, 66 perception, 179

Surveys, 45 trichromatic theory of color
vision, 160
sympathetic nervous system,
87, 106, 502 trough, 154, 179

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Index 751

Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 62 virtual reality exposure therapy,
619, 638
tympanic membrane, 164, 179 visible spectrum, 154, 179
vision, 157
Type A, 517, 540 Visual encoding, 257
visual encoding, 283
Type B, 517, 540 Voluntary treatment, 613
voluntary treatment, 638
U
W
U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission Wakefulness, 112
(EEOC), 470, 488 wakefulness, 143
Watson, 11, 195
Umami, 168 Wavelength, 154
wavelength, 179
umami, 179 Wernicke’s area, 94, 106
withdrawal, 131, 143
unconditional positive regard, work team, 488
623, 638 work teams, 480
work-family balance, 477
unconditioned response (UCR), Working backwards, 230
188, 214 working backwards , 250
Workplace violence, 482
unconditioned stimulus (UCS), workplace violence, 488
188, 214 work–family balance, 488
Wundt, 8, 369
unconscious, 371, 402
Y
uninvolved parenting style ,
325 Yale attitude change approach,
423
uninvolved style, 314 Yerkes-Dodson law, 336, 362

universal emotions, 358 Z

V Zimbardo, 417
Zimmerman, 409
vaccinations, 595 zygote, 301, 325

validity, 45, 66

Validity, 59

variable interval reinforcement
schedule, 204, 214

variable ratio reinforcement
schedule, 204, 214

ventral tegmental area (VTA),
96, 106

ventricle, 600

ventricles, 581

vertigo, 167, 179

vestibular sense, 171, 179

vicarious punishment, 210, 214

vicarious reinforcement, 210,
214