A new book (2)

2BF Book of Penguins

Table of contents
Types of Penguins
What Penguins Look Like
Where Penguins Live
What penguins Eat
What Penguins Do

There are 17 different types types of penguins. I can tell you
of some of the types. There is the Rockhopper, Emperor,
Little Blue, Chinstrap, Adelie and Royal. All but the
Galápagos penguin live south of the equator.

There are lots of interesting facts about penguins. I will share some
with you. Did you know penguins have wings, but can't fly. They also
don't live in the North Pole. The Emperors can stay under water for 20
minutes. The Emperors are also the largest penguins. The dads can
also survive nine weeks without food. Those are some facts about
penguins.

Penguin groups are called a
colony, rookery, or waddle
when they are on land. In the
water a group is called a raft.
King penguin colonies have
100,000 penguins in them.
Adelie penguin colonies have a
half million in their colony.
Chinstrap only have 100 to
1000 in their colony.

There are 3.7 million penguins on Earth.
Scientists have trouble finding the exact
number of penguins. The chinstrap penguin has
the most penguins in its group there are at
least 8 million chinstraps in a group. The
Yellow Eyed penguin has the least amount of
penguins. They have decreased by 40% in the
last 40 years.

Did you know the Emperor penguin gets up to 47 inches
tall? The little blue penguin is between 10 inches to thirteen
inches. The chinstrap penguin gets up to 28 to 38 inches
tall. The Gentoo penguin gets up to 30 to 35 inches tall.
The King penguin gets up to 37 inches exactly 37 inches tall!

Did you know there are 17 types of penguins in the world? The 17 types of penguins
have different lifespans. Their lifespan ranges from 6 to 27 years. The Magellan
penguin lives for the longest. It lives between 25 and 30 years. The penguin with the
shortest lifespan is the little blue. It lives for six years. Three penguins live about 20
years. They are the Emperor, Galapagos, and Humboldt.

Penguins have waterproof feathers. Waterproof feathers help penguins because they
keep them warm while hunting for krill and fish. Did you also know that every single
feather tip overlaps with the feathers near it? This helps keep it dry.

The majority of
penguins are
black and
white.

Penguin camouflage

Penguins are black for the depth of the sea and white for the top
of the sea.
The colors help protect them from predators it also helps them
camouflage while hunting.

Penguins change as they get older! A penguin looks change as it
gets older. Did you know the Penguins change from a light gray to
dark gray and then get waterproof feathers that are black-and-
white? Emperor baby penguins cannot swim because the down
feathers are not waterproof. They still need mom or dad to keep
them warm. Emperor juniors change to waterproof feathers and
can start swimming.

The temperatures where the penguins
live are changing. The temperatures
are warming. Many penguins need the
cold. When the penguins are cold they
huddle up. When they need to cool off,
they do not huddle up. They open up
their wings to let cool air in. They
have an air layer that helps keep them
warm.

Penguins have to stay
together to keep warm in
the cold Antarctic weather?
Penguins adjust to different
climates. Penguins can be
affected by different climate
changes.

Many penguins need cold temperatures. The warm
temperatures are hard on them. Krill need the ice and
penguins need the krill. Without krill penguins will lose
their food. Penguins work together to stay warm by doing
the wave. They also work together and huddle. But don't
forget they have feathers of their own to stay warm.

Do you know that not all penguins live in cold areas? The Galapagos
Penguins live and swim in warm waters. The water is between 52 and 89
degrees. The Emperor and Adelie penguin live in Antarctica where the
average temperature is -49 degrees. The Rockhopper lives where the
temperature is -56°.

Did you know
that there are 17
kinds of
penguins? One
of them is called
the Emperor
penguin.

Penguins live in many different places. Two
types live in Antarctica. They are the Emperor
and Adelie. Several others live near
Antarctica on islands. All penguins live in the
Southern Hemisphere.

Penguins eat a variety of food. They eat krill, squid, fish and other
seafood. Penguins catch krill more towards the bottom of the sea.
Penguins don't eat fish towards the bottom of the ocean they get it in
the shallow water. They also catch squid near the bottom of the sea.
They also eat two krill per second! They can also catch 14 fish in 20
seconds. They use their webbed feet to swim. They also use their
flippers to steer.

Did you know that penguins
are a tasty treat to some ocean
animals? The ocean animals
are leopard seals, killer
whales, skua birds and sharks.
A penguin does not have land
predators as juniors and
adults. Leopard seals will hide
under ice waiting for penguins
to dive in. Skua are birds that
eat the eggs.

There are a few ways that penguins can protect themselves.
Penguins protect themselves with their camouflage colors.
Their black backs blend into protect them self. They check the
water for predators. They have sharp beaks to protect
themselves.

Penguins eat a variety of food. Not all types eat the same food, but they all
eat seafood. They have a hook at the end of their beak to grab their food.
Penguins drink saltwater. They have a special way of filtering out the salt.
The most common food that penguins eat is Krill and small fish.

Did you know that penguins preen each feather to get clean? Penguins spend hours daily
cleaning their feathers. They have a special oil near their tail that protects their feathers.
Once a year they lose all their feathers and get new ones. This helps them stay clean.

There are 17 types of penguins in the world and all those penguins communicate in three
different calls. The contact call gets the colony together. The display call gets the mothers
attention. The contact call is a warning that predators are close. Each Penguin sound is slightly
different. Penguins use a trumpet sound to talk to each other. Each type of penguin sounds
different but all types of calls are the same.

Rock hopper jumping rock to rock Do you know what some penguins
do? What about what life on land
is like? Adelie penguins will fight
over rocks when building nests.
Emperors try to keep warm during
harsh winters so they huddle at
the rockery. The Rockhoppers like
to the hop from rock to rock. The
Gentoos make nests on the
grasslands. Did you know that all
types have to stay on land when
they molt which takes 2-3 weeks.
They spend an average of 25% of
their time on land the rest is in
the water. Now you know what
life on land is like and what they
do.