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RAMAN HOME COMFORT INC
HEATING
Quality Products, Certified Technicians, Reliable Service & Reasonable Prices
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SAVE $2000 WHEN Raman Chelliah
PURCHASING A NEW
HIGH-EFFICIENCY FURNACE Sales Person
Tel: 416-332-2989 647-893-4414
Email: [email protected] Scarborough : C105-6055 Steeles Ave. East, Scarborough, ON M1X0A7
AEREN Thiyagarajah BEng DILEEP Thangavel Suren Nathan AMP
Realtor Realtor Mortgage Broker
[email protected] [email protected]
License# M08004479
Dir: 647-888 3500 Dir: 416-666 2300
Dir. 416-436-1111
BUS: 905 201 9977 | FAX: 905 201 9229 Brokerage Lic# 10216
suren@bonafidemortgage.ca, Office. 416-548-7475 Fax: 416-548-7496
HomeLife/ Future Realty Inc., Brokerage 7 Eastvale Drive,Unit 203, Markham, ON, L3S 4N8
Independently Owned And Operated
205 - 7 Eastvale Drive, Markham, ON L3S 4N8
T| sBV√V´ WÁÈBD JURIANSZ & LI
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VITHU RAMACHANDRAN
HomeLife Today Realty Ltd., Kuna Nagalingam
BARRISTER & SOLICITOR
Brokerage* Sales Representative
31 Progress Ave., Suite 210, Toronto, ON, M1P 4S6 Litigation, Real Estate, Employment
Sujatha Kunasegar Family, Estate, Corporate
Bus: 416-298-3200, Fax: 416-298-3440,
Sales Representative Tel: 416-505-3350 | Email: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
416.402.4545 Address: 1100 - 5700 Yonge St., Toronto ON
*Independently Owned and Operated.
Ahilan
Thanabalasingham
Sales Representative
416.617.1767 RE/MAX Royal Properties Realty Ltd.,
Brokerage
Office: 905.471.0002 7595 Markham Road, Unit 19 Markham, ON L3S 0B6
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2017-2019 fpuprhe;
Publisher & Editor : PJ. Dilipkumar
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Mf;fq;fs; midj;Jf;Fk; Mf;fpNahNu nghWg;G.
nghJ cwTj; njhlHG : Fkzd; jk;gpIah
nuhwd;Nuh tpepNahfk; : ,uhkehjd; &gd;> rrp> nka;aofd;.
nkhd;wpah njhlHG : RFkhud; rpd;idah.
xl;lhth njhlHG : mnyf;]; rptrk;G: 1-613 -276-7253
mQ;r Kftup : Editor
P.O.Box #63581
Woodside Square
1571 Sandhurst Cir.
Toronto, ON. M1V 1V0
Tel : 416-646-3422, 416-857-6406
Fax : 416-849-0594
Web : www.thaiveedu.com
E-mail : [email protected]
- 68 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
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Ak; vq;fs; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; ehq;fs; mopg;ig epidT$uTk; $l;Lg; gL ag;gLfpwNghJ vjpHg;gpd; tbtkhfTk; vd;W jsuhk ,aq;Ffpw r%fk;>
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vyhtw;iwAk; epidT nfhs;s Ls;sd. NkYk; gy mikf;fg;gl;L epidTr; rpd;dq;fSf;Fk; epidNte; [email protected]
rhj;jpakh? vtw;iw kwe;J tpLfpNwhk;? tUfpd;wd. mtw;wp rpy mopf;fg;gl; jfSf;Fk; gNtW rhj;jpaq;fis
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tplyhk;; tuyhw;iwAk; khw;wp tplyhk; Nghd;wtw;iw ehk; cUthf;f muRf-
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jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 69 -
gj;jhtJ Nk gjpndl;il vg;gb epidT $uyhk;?
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mg;gbj;jhd; Nk gjpndl;il epid ntFrdq;fs;> muRfspd; kPJ nr epiwNtw;wpaJ. njhlHe;J> epue;ju
T$Uk; Vw;ghLfSk; fhzg;gLfpd; jhafj;jp murpaw; fl;rpfSk; rptp thf;ifr; nrYj;Jk; kj epWtdq;fs;> kf;fs; jPHg;ghak; vd;w rHtNjr Rah
wd. epidT$Hjiy ahH Vw;ghL r%fq;fSk; nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk; mt; Clfq;fs;> fUj;JUthf;fpfs; Nghd;
nra;tJ? vg;gbr; nra;tJ? vd;git thW jftfisj; jpul;LtJ vd;g ,dg;gLnfhiy E}jdrhiy
njhlHgp ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gLk; ehs; ijNa XH murpaw; Nghuhl;lkhf Kd; - njd;dhgpupf;fh
tiuapYk; xU nghJ cld;ghL ndLf;fyhnkd;W ehd; gy jlitfs;
KOikahf vl;lg;gl;ljhfj; njupa vOjpapUf;fpNwd;. mg;gbnahU Nghuhl;
,dg;gLnfhiy
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jhd fhuzq;fs; cz;L. KjyhtJ gpd;diy kpf typikahff;fl;bnaOg;g vd;w mgpg;gpuhak; fle;j gj;jhz;Lf wJ ,dg;gLnfhiyNa vd;w jPHg;ig
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,uz;lhtJ fhuzk;: mt;thW xU uhd ePjpia uh[Pa muq;fp ngw ngaHe;j jkpo; jug;Gf;fSf;fpilap ,dg;gLnfhiyj; jPHkhdj;ij epiw-
kpj;j fUj;ijf; nfhz;buhj Gyk; xUq;fpizg;Gk; nghUj;jhkhd nghJ Ntw;wpAs;sJ.
ngaHe;j jkpo;j; jug;Gf;fspd; fUj;- Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; gykhd xU jiy
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,dg;gLnfhiyia epidT$HtJjhd;. ele;jJ ,dg;gLnfhiyjhd; vd;gij myJ khfhz muRfSk; mij
XH MAjg;Nghuhl;lj;ij eRf;Ftjw;fhf jkpo; kf;fSk; mtHfSila ez;gH ,dg;gLnfhiy vd;W ,d;Wtiuap
XH ,dj;ijf; nfhj;jhfg;gLnfhiy fSk; jhd; $wptUfpwhHfs;. cyf Yk; gpufldg;gLj;jp ,Uf;ftpiy.
nra;j xU Aj;jj;jpd; KbTehs; mJ. r%fj;jp mJ ,dg;gLnfhiyjhd; 1984, jpUkjp ,e;jpuh fhe;jp nfh
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vd;Wk; miof;fyhk;. mg;gbg;ghHj;jh fpilahJ. fdlh xd;uhwpNah khfh vjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gLnfhiy-
,dg;gLnfhiyia epidT $HtJ zj;jp ,Uf;Fk; khHf;fk; khefu fis ,dg;gLnfhiyNa vd;W $wp
vd;wh vd;d? <oj; jkpoHfisg; fdlhtp cs;s xd;uhupNah rl;lkd;
nghWj;jtiu ,dg;gLnfhiyia ,dg;gLnfhiy wk; xU jPHkhdj;ij epiwNtw;wpaJ.
epidT $HtJ vd;gJ ,dg;gLnfh E}jdrhiy - A+jHfs; ,jdh fdlhTf;Fk; ,e;jpahTf;Fk;
iyf;F vjpuhd ePjpiag; ngWk; xU ,ilapyhd cwTfs; neUf;fbf;Fs;
Nghuhl;lj;jpd; jtpHf;ftpltpayhj xU shapd. xd;uhupNah rl;lkd;wk; rPf;fp
gFjpjhd;. vdNt> epidT$Hj vdg; aHfSf;F Mjuthf epiwNtw;wpaJ
gLtJ ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhd Nghd;w xU jPHkhdj;ij n[ayypjh
xU Nghuhl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf tb tpd; jiyikapd; fPo; jkpo;ehL
tikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,dg;gLnfh rl;lrigAk; epiwNtw;wpaJ. Mdh
iyf;F vjpuhd ePjpiag; ngWtJ vg; mJ jkpo;r; rl;lkd;wk; xd;W epiw-
gb? Ntw;wpa jPHkhdk;jhd;. mJNghy xU
jPHkhdj;ij tl khfhz rigAk;
,dg;gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhd ePjpiag; epiwNtw;wpaJ.
ngWk; Nghuhl;lj;ij %d;W jsq;fsp
Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ xU rl;lg; ,t;tpU ,dg;gLnfhiy jPHkhdq;fSk;
Nghuhl;lk;. mJ xU uh[Pag; Nghuhl;lk;. Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cilait. ,uz;LNk
mJ xU ntFrdg; Nghuhl;lk;. kf;fsh njupTnra;ag;gl;l rl;lkd;
wq;fs;. ngUe;jkpo;g; gug;gp cs;s
mij xU rl;lg;Nghuhl;lkhf Kd;nd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kpf;f ,uz;L rl;l kd;
Lg;gnjd;wh mjw;F Ntz;ba rl;lg; wq;fs; mij ,dg;gLnfhiy vd;W
ngWkjpAs;s Mjhuq;fisj; jpul;l gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;sd. mit kf;fs;
Ntz;Lk;. njhFf;f Ntz;Lk;> Mt Miziag; ngw;w rl;lkd;wq;fs;.
zg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ ,dg;g vdNt mg;gpufldq;fSf;Fk; kf;fs;
Lnfhiyia Mff;$ba gl;rk; tpQ; Miz cz;L cz;L. mg;gpufldq;
Qhd G+Htkhf Mtzg;gLj;j Ntz; fis mbg;gilahf itj;Jf;nfhz;L
Lk;. ,J tplaj;jp midj;Jyf mq; <oj;jkpoHfs; ePjpf;fhd jkJ Nghuhl;
fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;w kdpj cupikfs; lj;ij mLj;j fl;lj;Jf;F vLj;Jr;
jft Ma;T mikg;ig (HRDAG) nryyhk;. ,J tplaj;jp ,uz;L
Nghd;w mikg;Gf;fis <oj;jkpoHfs; jkpo; rl;lkd;wq;fs; epiwNtw;wpa jPH
mZfyhk;. HRDAG Vw;nfdNt ,t; khdq;fSf;F ,Uf;ff;$ba [dehaf
tplaj;jp MHtk; fhl;lj; njhlq;fptpl; uPjpapyhd mq;fPfhuj;ij XH mbj;js
khf gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,J ,uz;lhtJ.
%d;whtJ. ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F vjpuhd
ePjpiag; ngWtjw;fhd ntFrdg;
Nghuhl;lq;fs;. ,g;Nghuhl;lq;fis
jhafj;jpw;Fs;NsAk;> ntspNa jkpo
fj;jpYk;> Gyk;ngaHe;j gug;gpYk;> cy
fk; KOtjpYk; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Kjyp> jhafj;jpw;Fs; ele;jJ ,dg;
gLnfhiyNa vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhz;L
mjw;F vjpuhd ePjpiag; Nghuhbg;
njhlu;jy; 70k; gf;fk;
- 70 - czHr;rpfukhdJ. Qhgfq;fis mLj;j jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
jiyKiwf;F flj;JtJ vd;gJ $l; $l;Lf;Fzkhf;f nra;Kiwahf
gj;jhtJ Nk... Lf;fhaq;fNshL tho;tJ my. $l; mikaNtz;Lk;. ePjpf;fhd xU Nghuhl;
Lf; Fzkhf;fYf;F vjpuhdJky. mJ lNk $l;Lf;Fzkhf;fYf;F mtrpakhd
69k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... khd cr;r tsHr;rpiag;ngw;wjd; %yk; fhaq;fisj; jpwg;gJ> fhaq;fis ek;gpf;ifia gw;WWjpiaf; fl;bnaOg;
mt;thAjg; Nghuhl;lj;ij Njhw;fbj; Gfpd;wJ. ePjpapd; kPJ grpjhfKila
ngwj;jahuhd jiytHfisNa jkpo; jJ. mjd;gpd; vjpHg;NgJkpd;wp ,dg; thrpg;gJ> fhaq;fis vOJtJ> fhaq;
kf;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfshfj; njupT gLnfhiy Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfp fisg; ghLtJ. fhaq;fis tiutJ. ,dg;gLnfhiy
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. wJ. mijj;jhd; fl;likg;GrhH ,dg; mjd; %yk; mf;$l;Lf; fhaq;fSf; epidTr; rpd;dk; - fk;G+r;rpah
gLnfhiy vd;W miof;fpNwhk;. 2009 Ff; fhuzkhfTs;s murpaYf;nfjpuh
,uz;lhtjhf> ,dg;gLnfhiyapd; Nk gjpndl;bw;Fg; gpd; kj;jpa mu fg; NghuhLtJ. mg;Nghuhl;lNk xU xU kf;fs; $l;lNk $l;Lf; fhaq;fsp
Qhfgfq;fis mLj;jLj;j jiyK rhq;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; cs;s ypUe;Jk; jd; nrhe;jr; rhk;gypypUe;Jk;
iwfSf;F vg;gbf; flj;jyhk;? vd;gJ vyhj; jpizf;fsq;fSk; Aj;jj;ij kPz;nlOfpwJ. vdNt Qhgfq;fisf;
njhlHgp nghUj;jkhd topKiwf NtWtopfsp njhlHfpd;wd. ehtw;F flj;JtJ vd;gJ mbg;gilap
isj; jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;. ,ij jha opr; re;jpap Gifapuj epiyaj;jpw;F czHTG+HtkhdJk;> mwpTG+Htkhd-
fj;jpw;Fs;Sk; ntspNa jkpofj;jpYk;> mUNf fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;L tUk; Gj; JkhFk;.
jkpo; Gyk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fs; kj;jpap jtpfhiuap itj;Jf;fl;lg;gLk; xt;
Yk; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j E}w; nthU nrq;fYk; Aj;jj;ij NtW
whz;bd; KjyhtJ ,dg;gLnfhiy topfsp njhlHtJjhdh?
jkpopdg; gLnfhiyjhd;. vdNt ngUe;
jkpo; gug;gp ,J njhlHghd xU vdNt ,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;F vjpuhd
nghJf;fUj;ij cUthf;fp Kjyp Nghuhl;lk; vdg;gLtJ Ks;sptha;f;
cyfshtpa jkpo; rNfhjuj;Jtj;ijAk;> fhyp kl;Lk;> Nk gjpndl;b kl;Lk;
If;fpaj;ijAk; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lk;. Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; xd;W my. gjp
%d;whtjhf> KO cyfg;gug;gpYk; yhf jkpo; kf;fs; vg;nghOJ vq;Nf
,dg;gLnfhiyfSf;Fs;shd vyh nfhj;Jf; nfhj;jhff; nfhyg;gl;lhH
kf;fs; $l;lq;fNshLk; ,dg;gLnfh fNsh mq;fpUe;J epidT$Hjiyj;
iyf;F vjpuhfg; NghuhLk; vyhj; njhlq;fNtz;Lk;. mt;thW jkpo; kf;
jug;Gf;fNshLk; rNfhjuj;Jtj;ijAk;> fs; nfhj;J nfhj;jhff; nfhyg;gl;l
If;fpaj;ijAk; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lk;. vyh ,lq;fSf;Fk; epidT$Hj
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fSf;F%lhf <oj; jkpoHfs; Nghuhl kag;gLk;. ,t;thwhd epidT$Hj
yhk;. ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpNa fspd; cr;rf;fl;l epfo;thf Ks;sp
epidT $HjYk; vd;w mbg;gilap tha;f;fh ehs; mikaNtz;Lk;. mq;
rpe;jpj;jhj;jhd; epidT$Hjiy mjw; NfAk; $l xU $l;Lj;Jf;fj;ij $l;L
Fupa murpa mlHj;jpNahLk; jPHf;f murpa Mf;f rf;jpahf khw;Wtjw;F
juprdj;NjhLk; mD\;bf;fyhk;. upa Vw;ghLfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ
mOtjw;fhd ehs; kl;Lky. gjpyhf
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vdg;gLtJ xU ehs; epfo;T my. ePjpf;fhd xU Nghuhl;lj;jpd; czHr;
mJ xU fpuhkj;jpw;F kl;Lk; cupa rpfukhd mbj;jskhf khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
epfo;Tky> mJ XH ,dj;jpw;F kl;L vdNt Nk gjpndl;il epidT$HtJ
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vdg;gLtJ 2009 Nkf;Fg;gpd; xU Gtp Fs; FWf;fg;glf; $lhJ. mJ KOg;
apa gjk; my. mJ XH murpa ngUe;jkpo;g; gug;gpw;Fk; tpupTgLj;jg;
gjk;. mij xU fpuhkj;jtHfs; myJ gl Ntz;Lk;.
xU khtl;lj;jtHfs; myJ xU gpu
Njrrig kl;Lk; cupik Nfhu KbahJ. ,g;gbg; ghHj;jh ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F
vjpuhd ePjpiag; ngWk; xU Nghuhl;l
mJkl;Lky ,dg;gLnfhiyf;F vjp khf epidT $Hjiy xOq;fikg;gJ
uhd xU Nghuhl;lj;jpd; jtpHf;fg;gltp vd;gJ kpf MokhdJ> czHr;rpfukh
ayhj xU gFjpNa epidT$Hj vd;W dJ mNj rkak; mwpTG+HtkhdJ.
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lh> Nk gjpndl;b
kl;Lkh ,dg;gLnfhiy ele;jJ? Mtzg;gLj;j vdg;gLtJ KOf;f
,iy. MAjg; Nghuhl;lk; vdg;gL KOf;f tpQ;QhdG+HtkhdJ. mNj
tNj ,dg;gLnfhiyapd; tpisTjhd;. rkak; epidTfisj; jiyKiwfs;
,dg;gLnfhiyahdJ mjd; tpfhu NjhWk; flj;JtJ vd;gJ mjpfgl;rk;
fQ;rpf; nfhl;b ,J njhlHgp xU fj;Njhypf;f kjFU
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Kd;itj;jhH. A+jHfs; gh];fh gz;b
ifia vg;gbf; nfhz;lhLfpwhHfs;
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miof;fg;gLk; kfh ,lg;ngaHtpd;
Kj ehsp Gspf;f itf;fg;glhj
mg;gj;ijAk; ,iwr;rpiaAk; frg;Gf;
fPiuiaAk; cz;ljhf iggps; $W
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Passover (fle;JNghj) - fpGW nkhop
ap Pesach gz;bifapd; NghJk; A+jf;
FLk;gq;fs; mNj czit mUe;J
thHfs;. mjd;NghJ FLk;gj;jp %j;
jtH kpf ,isa cWg;gpdUf;F Vd;
,e;j czit mUe;JfpNwhk; vd;gjw;F
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Fwpj;j Qhgfq;fs; mLj;j jiyK
iwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
A+jHfspd; ,e;j cjhuzj;ijg; gpd;
gw;wp <oj;jkpoHfSk; Ks;sptha;f;fh
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fhl;bdhH. filrpf;fl;lg; Nghupd; filrp
%d;W khjq;fsp cztpw;Fg; gQ;rk;
njhlu;jy; 71k; gf;fk;
jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 71 -
gj;jhtJ Nk... epidTfspd; topNa epkpHj
70k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... tpiy. mwptpa muq;Ffs;> epid fhyk; jpzpj;j me;jf; fhupUs;
Tg; NgUiufs;> fUj;juq;Ffs;> ,ir moptfis tpUk;gpAz;Zk;
Vw;gl;lJ. cyf czTj;jpl;lj;jh mQ;rypfs;> Xtpaq;fs;> ,dg;gL mRuj;ij kl;LNk
toq;fg;gl;l epthuzg;nghjpAk; ,e;jp nfhiy epidTg;ghlfs;> mitf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
ahth toq;fg;gl;l epthuzg; nghjp fhw;Wjfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk;
Ak; czthfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. epidTfisg; NgZk;> flj;Jk; gilg; mf;nfhLq; fWg;gpd; Nkdpnaq;Fk;
me;ehl;fsp fQ;rpf;nfhl;bfs; cU Gj;jpwd;kpf;f topKiwfisf; Fwpj;J tplk; jltpa eufj;J Kl;fNs
thf;fg;gl;ld. Mde;jGuk; rz;ilf;Fg; <oj;jkpHfs; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;ep epiwe;jpUe;jd.
gpd; Njq;fha; fpilf;fhg; nghUshfp fo;r;rp epuiyg; ngUe;jkpo;g; gug;gpw;
aJ. vdNt fQ;rpf;F Njq;fha;f;Fg; Fk; tpupTgLj;j Ntz;Lk;. rpjWz;l rpijTfisAk;
gjpyhf ,uz;L mq;fH ghkh gf; rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;fpagb
nfl;Lf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mJ murw;w jug;ghfpa <oj;jkpoHfs; NgupUSf;Fs; kiwe;jJ
xU Ritaw;w fQ;rp. ngupa mz;lhtp njd;dhgpupf;fHfisg; Nghy> A+jHf NgapUs;.
ePiu epiwj;J muprpiag;Nghl;L mtpa isg; Nghy> MHkPdpahitg; Nghy>
NfhuKk; F&uKk;
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khitf; fiuj;J mjp Cw;wp fQ;rp fhf;fisNah> ,dg;gLnfhiy E}jd ghkuupd;
jahupf;fg;gLk;. fQ;rpf; nfhl;bf rhiyfisNah (Freedom Park, Genocide gd;D}w;whz;L tho;itf;
Sf;F Kd; fhiyapypUe;Nj kf;fs; tup Muceum) ,g;Nghijf;F fl;bnaOg;g Fjg;gpagb fle;jJ fhupUs;.
irahf epw;ghHfs;. me;j tupirf;Fs; KbahJ. gjpyhf b[pw;w E}jd
Sk; vwpfiz tpOk;. rdq;fs; rpjwp rhiyfis mtHfs; cUthf;fyhk;. fhupUs; fle;j jlq;fsp
XLthHfs;. vwpfizapd; Gif mlq; mNj rkak; A+jHfisg; Nghy xt; elthj gpzq;fSk;
fpaJk; ,we;jtHfisAk;> fhag;gl;l nthU FLk;gKk; capHg;ghd tpjj;jp eilg;gpzq;fSNk
tHfisAk; tpyj;jpf; nfhz;L fQ;rpf; Qhgfq;fisf; flj;jyhk;. Ngzyhk;. vQ;rpapUe;jd.
fhd tupir efUk;. mg;gbnahU
fhyk;. vyhtw;wpw;Fk; Kjyp mf;fiwAila fUf;fg;gl;l gr;ir ,iyfspd; rhk;g
jug;Gf;fs; ,J njhlHgp jq;fSf; cukhff; Ftpe;J fplf;f
,f;fQ;rpiag; NghyNt tiyQH klj; fpilNa xUq;fpizg;ig Vw;gLj;jp cwpQ;Rk; NtHfs;
jp xU til jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpa xU nghJ cld;ghl;bw;F tuNtz; capupoe;J fple;jd.
epthuzg; nghjpf;Fs; fpilj;j Jtuk; Lk;.
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NrHj;J Rlg;gl;l til mJ. mg;ngh tpLjiy G+q;fh - njd;dhgpupf;fh fe;jfj;Jfs;fis cz;L
OJ ntq;fhak; mupjhfNt fpilj;jJ. khz;L fple;jd
,ijg; NghyNt Ks;sptha;f;fhyp Nk gjpndl;il epidT$HtJ vd;gJ kz;GOf;fs;.
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czTj;jpl;lj;jpd; epthuzg; nghjpf;Fs; kl;LNk cupa xU ehs; epfo;T my. mOfpr; rpije;j
te;j nts;is khitAk;> rPdpiaAk; mJ> xU $l;Lj; Jf;fj;ij $l;L gpzq;fs; gutpf;fplf;f
fye;J Rlg;gl;l thg;gd;fs; xd;W Mf;f rf;jpahf khw;Wk; XH murpaw; NgapUs; fle;j G+kp
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itj;J tpw;fg;gl;lJ. XH Copf;fhyj; epidT$Hjiy Vw;ghL nra;atNj
jpd; czTfs; mit. mjpfk; nghUj;jkhdJ. mg;nghOJ vupAz;l epynkq;Fk; G+j;Jf;fple;j
jhd; epidT$HtJk;> epidTfisf; rhk;gfsp
,e;j czTfsp vijahtJ Qhg flj;JtJk;> rhd;Wfis Mtzkhf; fsthlg;gl;l ,Ug;Gfisj;
fq;fisf; flj;Jtjw;F <oj;jkpoHfs; FtJk;> mtw;Wf;Nfahd xU KOik Njbf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd
gad;gLj;jyhk;. Nkw;nrhd;d kjFU ahd ghHitNahL xU KOepiwthd KistpLk; jspHfs;.
tpd; MNyhridapd; gpufhuk; Ks;sp tiuglj;Jf;F cl;gl;L Kd;ndLf;
tha;f;fh fQ;rpf; nfhl;bfis Fwp fg;gLk;. ,iynad;wh> Nghuhl; ,f;fhyj;JaH
aPlhf cUthf;fp Ritaw;w fQ;rpia lq;fis ahH jj;njLg;gJ vd;gJ epidT nfhs;jiy kPwp
gUfyhk;. xt;nthU tPl;bYk; xU Fwpj;J jq;fSf;fpilNa Nkhjpf; nfhs; epkpHtjw;fhdit.
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thg;gid myJ tilia ,izj; lj;ij ehNd elj;jpNdd;> ,e;j $l; - tpy;ytd; Nfhij
Jf; nfhs;syhk;. jkpo; gug;gp ,dg; lj;ij ehNd xOq;FgLj;jpNdd;> ,e;j
gLnfhiyia epidT$u tpUk;Gk; mikg;ig ehNd cUthf;fpNdd; vd;W
vtUk; xU FwpaPlhf xU Fwpj;j jpdj; cupik Nfhuj; Jbf;Fk; jug;Gf;fs;
jp mf;Fwpg;gpl;l czit mUe;j ahTk; gpr;Rg; gpLq;Fk; xU epyj;Jz;
yhk;. lhf Ks;sptha;f;fh mike;JtpLk;.
xU $l;Lj; Jf;fj;ij $l;L Mf;f
<oj;jkpoHfs; XH murw;w jug;G. vdNt rf;jpahf khw;Wtjw;F gjpyhf mq;F
epidtplq;fis tbtikg;gjpYk; rpe;jg;gLk; fz;zPH me;j twz;l fl
epidT epfo;Tfis xOq;FgLj;Jt kzyp tPzhf cwpQ;rg;gl;LtpLk;.
jpYk; mtHfSf;F tiuaiw cz;L. 2009k; Mz;L Nk khjk; cwpQ;rg;gl;
epidT thuq;fis myJ khjq; lijg; Nghy.
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• https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/
human-rights-in-countries-of-concern-sri-lanka.ta
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jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 79 -
vQ;rpait: Ks;sptha;f;fh 2017-2019
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- 80 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
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jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 85 -
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,e;j Ma;tpd; Kbthf mtHfs; njup njhlu;jy; 87k; gf;fk;
jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 ,lg;ngaHT vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf - 87 -
cstpa uPjpahf Nkhrkhfg;ghjpf;fg;
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nwe;jg; gpNujrq;fis tplTk; td;dp gLtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;
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fs; ez;gHfs; jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; ,sk; ngz;fs; mtHfsJ cwtpdHf guhkupg;gjw;fhd itj;jpa trjpfSk; n ngz;fs; RahjPdkhfTk; Rje;jpukh
FOf;fisr; rhHe;Jk; ,g;ngz;fs; shNyNa mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gLtJk; Nghjpastp ,iy. itj;jpaHfs; fTk; elkhlTk; cs;s cupikiag;
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nfhLj;Js;sdH. MapDk; ,e;j elt jkpo;> K];ypk; kf;fs; NrHe;J tho;fpd;w Nkyjpfhupfs; mq;fPfupf;f kWj;J tU ghL nra;aTk; ghJfhg;ghd rl;l
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Kaw;rpfshf tsHe;J tpl;ljhff;nfhs;s ,t;thW jpUkz tha;g;G> Ntiy ghLfSf;F vjpuhf rl;l eltbf;if
KbahJ. cz;ikap mur jug;gplNkh> tha;g;G> r%f mq;fPfhuk;> Ranfsutk; Mf> Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhd tlf;Ff; vLf;fTk; mjw;fhd rl;l cjtpfis
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wpa ve;jf; Fwpg;ghd jpl;lKk; ,iy. Jf; nfhs;tJ mtHfSf;Fg; ngUk; j Nghd;w tplaq;fis nraw;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
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spd; cjtpahdJ> mtHfSf;F epth jpahrj;ijj;jtpu ve;jtpjj;jpYk; Kd; fsp 80 rjtpfpjk; ngz;fs; Mz;
uzg; nghUl;fis toq;Fj vd;w r%f fyhrhu kl;lj;jpyhd MjuTk; Ndwpa xU tplakhff; nfhs;tjw; Jizaw;wtHfshf ,Uf;fpd;whHfs;
kl;lj;jpw;F mg;gh nrtjpiy. ghJfhg;Gk; mtHfSf;F rhjfkhd fpiy. mtHfs; ghJfhg;ghdJk; vd;Wk; ,tHfsp 70 rjtpfpjkhdtH
epthuzg; nghUl;fs; md;whl tho;f; itahf ,iy. ,NjNtis> xU Rje;jpukhdJkhd jkJ md;whl fs; FLk;gj;jiytHfshfTk; cs;sdH
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whHfsh ,we;Jtpl;lhHfsh vd;W njup jpUkz tho;tp ,ize;J nfhs;tjp Ml;rp mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa muR ifa xU jpl;lkpl;l nraw;ghL %yNk
ahj epiyap gyH ,Uf;fpwhHfs; kpfg;ngUk; Gwf;fzpg;ig vjpHnfhs; vd;W midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; ,e;j ,g;ngz;fs; r%ftho;tp khw;wj;ijf;
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ngz;fs; Ntiytha;g;G Nghd;w fhu fis ey rhjpapYs;stHfs; vg;gbj; Nghuhl;lq;fs; xU Kd;Djhuzkhf
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sd. cz;ik. gl;L mtHfSf;F Ntiy tha;g;g rpakhd gzpahf cs;sJ. Gyk;ngaH
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fis thq;f tUk; Mz;fs; jkJ fhyg;gFjpap csuPjpahfg; ghjpf; Ra cw;gj;jpapyPLgLk; ngz;fsJ [email protected]
nghUshjhu epyikiaj; njupe;J fg;gl;l gy Nehahspfs; milahsk; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fSf;F epahakhd
nfhz;L kypthd tpiyap nghUl; fhzg;gl;L cs;sdH. Aj;jk;> cwTf re;ij tpiyiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;
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Fupa ,yf;Ffshf mike;JtpLfpd;
- 88 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
Ks;sptha;f;fh: 10 Mz;Lfspd; gpd; <oj;jkpoH
tho;tpa> murpa> tsHr;rpah? tPo;r;rpah?
21 k; E}w;whz;bd; fle;j 10 fspYk; ngUk; rWf;fiy re;jpj;J mw;wpd; ngaHfisf;fle;J NjitfU - NeU Fzul;zk; -
Mz;Lfs;> kdpj tho;tp epw;fpwJ <oj;jkpopdk;. NghH fhyq;f jpa mtw;wpd; cUthf;fKk;> mtw;wpd;
rhtfis mjpfupj;jpUf; spNyNa kf;fs; GdHtho;tpw;fhd fl; gzpAk; Vd; kPz;Lk; mikatpiy? jkpoH tplaj;jp Vkhw;wk;jUk; epiy
fpd;wNj md;wp Fiwj;Jtpl tpiy likg;Gf;fs;> mtHfSf;fhd nraw; ,jw;F nghWg;ghdtHfs; ahH? <oj;j ap> jkpoH gFjpapyhd kdpj cup
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nfhs;Nthk;. rkj;Jtk;> kdpj cup jw;NghJ 10 Mz;Lfshf jkpoH GdH tho;tpaiyj; njhiyj;Jtpl;L> midj; wtplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Fwpj;j gy fUj;
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mstpw;F tsHr;rpfz;lJ. mNjNtis re;Njhrk; csts ikak; (kdtsk; tHfs; vijr; rhjpg;ghHfs;? ,tHfs; Kd;dH Fwpg;gpl;lJ Ngh> jkpo; kf;
<oj;jkpoH tptfhuj;ij rHtNjr tpt ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdtHfSf;fhdJ)> etk; vijr; rhjpj;jpUf;fyhk;!. ,d;W tho; fspd; tho;tpa rthiyf; $l ntWk;
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tha;f;fhyp rHtNjr ,uh[je;jpug; rPHjpUj;jg;gs;sp> Kusp Kd;gs;sp ehLfsp ,Ue;jhd GdHtho;T> GdH Nkk;ghl;Lf; fofKk; mjd; nraw;gh
Nghuhl;lkhf mLj;j fsj;jp te;J (Ie;J tajpw;F cl;gl;l Foe;ijfSf; epHkhzj;jpw;fhd epjpAjtpfis vt;tp Lk;> ,d;W gyUf;Fk; njupe;jpUf;f
epd;wJ. fhd Muk;gg;gs;sp)> GdpjG+kp kfsPH jj;jpYk; vk;kh ,d;Wtiu ngupjh tha;g;gpiy NghYk;. mNjNtis
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fs; <oj;jkpopdj;jp khwpg;NghapUe;jd. kWtho;T mgptpUj;jp ikak;> gRik fs; Nfl;lh> Vw;Gila NeHj;jpahd Kd;ndLg;Gfsp nghf;fprkhf mike;
tho;tpaiy vLj;Jf;nfhz;lh> Kjw; Ntshz;ik Nrit (tptrhapfSf;fh jpl;ltiuGfisf; nfhLf;Fk; epiy jJ jhd; jkpoPo cl;fl;Lkhzk; vd;w
jlitahf ,d xw;Wik xU ngUk; dJ)> vOif ija gapw;rp ikak; ap ,d;Wk; ehk; ,iy. mt;thNw Ma;twpf;if E}. jkpoH Njrj;jp
rf;jpahf vOe;J epd;wJ. Mz;> ngz; vd kf;fspd; gNtW gpuptpdiuAk; murpa uPjpahf ngha;AiufisAk;> cs;s tsq;fisf; nfhz;L mt;tg;
rkj;Jtk; ngUik jUk; tifap gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp> mtHfspd; tho;T GidfijfisAk; rHtNjr muq;fp gpuhe;jpaq;fspd; Rw;whl R+o ghJ
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midj;J gFjpapdUf;Fkhd ,izg; epiyap Njitg;gLk; fl;likg;Gfspd; vjpHnfhs;Sk; epiyap ,iy vd; fs;. mjp mj;JiwrhH cs;@H ntsp
Gk;> Mjhu trjpfSk; xU tskhd Njhw;wk; vd;dthfpaJ? ,tw;iw rpwP gJ Mo;e;j Nrhfj;Jld; Nfhgk; jUk; ehl;L tYdHfspd; gq;fspg;gp tb
Njrj;jpd; vOr;rpiar; Rl;b epd;wd. yq;fh muR <okf;fspd; eyk;> tsk; epiy. tikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,d;Wtiu mij
,d;W 10 Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dH jpUk;gpg; fUjp tbtikj;J Vw;gLj;jpj; jUk; %ykhff; nfhz;L vt;tpj mLj;j
ghHf;Fk; NghJ me;j caHT epiyf vd ehk; fhj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhkh? rpwPyq;fh kdpj cupikfs; ikak;>
isj; njhiyj;J tpl;l epiy> jha njhlu;jy; 91k; gf;fk;
fj;jp kl;Lky Gyk;ngaHe;j ehL
jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 89 -
Ks;sptha;f;fh NghUf;Fg;gpd; ,yq;ifAk; ,uh[je;jpu epfo;TfSk;
K s;sptha;fhy; ,yq;ifj; nfhs;s ,aytpy;iy. fz;zpntb gLj;Jtjw;fhd #oy; rupapy;iy vd;w - m. fzgjpg;gps;is -
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Nrhfj;jpd; rhd;W. jkpoUf; bj; jlaq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;L te;jd. VwW; fn; fhzl; cyfehLfs; fhy mt jJ. Nghu; Kbatpy;iy vd;w xU
nfd;W vOjg;gLk; Nghuhl;l tuyhw; ,uhZtk; Nghff;$ba ,lj;jpy; Vd; fhrq;fis toq;fpf;nfhz;Nl tUfpd; khiaj; Njhw;wj;jpid cyfehLfSf;
wpy; jtpuf; f; Kbahj mjj; pahak.; Ks; Clfq;fs;> ntspehl;L ,uh[je;jpupfs; wd. ,d;dKk; gpur;rpid njhlu;fpwJ Ff; fhl;Ltjpy; fupridAld; nraw;
spthaf; f; hy; Nghu; cse; hlL; g; Nghuhfr; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ Nghu;j; vd;gJ kiwKf epfo;r;rpahf ,Uf;fp gl;lJ. tlf;fpy; Mthf; FOf;fspd;
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ehlL; gg; ilfSff; pilNa elej; Nghupd; ehLfspd; fUj;jpid Vw;Wf; nfhs; gakhd kdepiyapypUeJ; tpLglKb
KbTf;Fr;rhd;whf ,Ue;JtUk; epyg; mf;fhyj;jpy; gj;jpupifahsu;fs; kpul; sj;jf;f xUtUk; mjw;Nfw;w #oYk; ahj cghak; gad;gl;Lte;jJ.
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aiw nraj; pUej; vjj; idNah Nghut; p su; yre;j tpf;fpukrpq;f Nghd;Nwhu; gjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpwjh vd;gJ kiw ,yqi; fapy; rut; hjpfhujJ; ff; hd tpb
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fq;fs; epfo;e;Njwpd. vjpupfs; rpiwfSf;Fs; js;sg;gl;bUe; gbahd eltbf;iffis kfpe;j muR
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,Ue;J Nghupd; ,Wjpapy; =yq;fhg; Uk; ghJfhg;Gj; Njb ntspehLfspy; Nghl;bapl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;wd. njd;dpe; vdf;fhl;l Kide;jpUe;jhYk; gl;b
gilapduhy; ifgg; ww; gg; ll; gFjpapy>; jQ;rkile;jpUe;jdu;. jpahtpy; Miyf;fopTfSf;F Kfq; njhl;bnaq;Fk; rpq;fstu; gakpd;wpr;
xUyl;rj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l kdpjg;gpzq; nfhLf;Fk; kf;fisg; Nghy; jkpou; nrd;W tu ,uhZtk; Jizepw;gJ
fSf;F vd;d ele;jJ vd;Nw njupah ,yq;ifapy; Nghu; nty;yg;gl;lhYk; jhaf G+kpAk; xUehs; ty;yuRfspd; Nghyf; fhl;bapUe;jhYk; mJ rPdh
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miye;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; Gjpa jiy vd;gJ gutyhfr;nrhy;yg;gLk; thu;j; gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjw;F Ks;sptha;f;fhy; yj; jpwf;fg;gl;l ghij vd;gjid
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fhy; Nghu; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ.
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filrpahfg; ghJfhgG; tyajJ; s; ve; jkpo;kf;fs; Kd;ndLj;jhu;fNsh mtw; mnkupf;fhTk; jk;ikr; Rjhfupj;Jf;
jr;rhjhuz Fbkf;fSk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy Wf;nfy;yhk; KbTfhzg;glhj fhyg; ,yq;ifapd; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;T nfhz;ld.
vd;W Fwpg;gpl;bUe;j nghOjpy; mnk gFjpahf NghUf;Fg; gpd;ida 10 xd;Nw NghUf;Fk; rkhjhdj;Jf;Fk;
upff; J}Jtuhyak; gygjj; hapuff; zf; Mz;Lfhyk; Xbtpl;lJ. mbg;gilahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,e; mjd; Kbthf mike;jJjhd; 2015
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gpl;bUe;jJ. kd;dhu; Mau; ,uhag;G ,yq;ifapy; Nghu; Kbe;jpUf;fyhk; Ma;T$lf; Foe;ij jhd; 13tJ mu Ml;rpkhw;wk;. ikj;jpupghy rpwpNrd
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70>000 Ngu; Fbkf;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs; tUk; gpur;rpidahdJ nfhjpj;Jf;nfhz; ,yq;ifapd; ,dg;gpur;rpidiaj; XusT mDrupj;Jg; Nghfpwtuhf ,Ue;j
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jkpo;kf;fis ,uhZtk; fhg;ghw;wpap
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- 90 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
njhlf;ffhyj; jkpo;j; jiytHfSk; NgupdthjKk;
, yq;if tuyyhw;wp jkp tiuAk; ,yq;ifauhfNt fUjpaJ. ap gup];lH gl;lk; ngw;whH. gup];lH - nghd;. fiyaurd; -
oH ngw;wpUf;Fk; ,lk; ,dtilahsq;fs; Kjd;ikg;gLj;jg; gl;lk;ngw;w Kj MrpaH ,tNu. 1874y;
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Wfs; cs;sd. nkhopahYk; topghl;L opdj;jpd; jiytHfshff; fUjg;gl ,d;Wtiu rpq;fstHfsh epidT
KiwfshYk; guk;gupa kuGfsp Vw; tpiy. ,yq;ifapd; murpa jiy INuhg;gpaH Ml;rpapdh rpijTf;Fl; $ug;gLfpd;w tuyhw;Wg; gjpthFk;.
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Nghl;bfspd; topNa Nkhjpf;nfhz;ld mt;thwhd ftp tsHr;rp rpq;fstup jpUe;jJ. ,tUila kfdhd fyh- itj;J tPLtiu jhNk ,Oj;Jr; nrd;
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fs; fle;j E}w;whz;Lfsp ,iy. tHfs; NghjpasT ,yhjpUe;jdH. fPioj;Nja gz;ghl;bNyNa MHtk; ,uhkehjDk; jd;id ,yq;ifauhfNt
,e;epiyap gpupj;jhdpa muRld; fhl;bdhH. fUjpr; nraw;gl;lhH. ,yq;ifap
fp.gp.5k; E}w;whz;il mz;kpj;j fhyq; ,ize;J gzpahw;wpa jkpo;j;jiytH
fsp kjg;Nghl;bfs; ngUfpd. kjq; fs; ,yq;if kf;fs; midtUf;Fkh NrH.Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkpf;Fg; gpd; ,yq;if
fSf;fpilNa ele;j thjq;fsp Njhw;
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isAk; ngsj;j kjj;jsj;ij mbg;g rpq;fs kf;fspd; ,iwahz;ikiag; Fg; ngw;wtH NrH. nghd;. ,uhkehjd;. fUjpdhH.
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vyhsDf;Fk; Jl;lnfKDTf;Fk; khwpa rpq;fstHfNs ftpawpT ngw;W> thH. rpwe;j rl;lthsuhfj; jpfo;e;j eilngw;w ,dNkhj njhlHghf>
ele;j NghH mjpfhuj;ij mbg;gil rpq;fs kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfshf ,Ue; nghd;.,uhkehjd; 1979 rl;lg;Nguit ‘1915 ,df;fytuKk; ,uhZtr;rl;lKk;’
ahff; nfhz;lNj jtpu> kjj;ijNah jdH. Mdh jkpo;j;jiytHfs; RNjr cWg;gpdH MdhH. ,tiu cWg;gpdH vd;w E}iy vOjpdhH. ngsj;j My
nkhopiaNah fhuzkhff;nfhz;ljy. kjkhd irtj;ijNa rhHe;jpUe;jik Mf;fpajp MWKfehtyupd; gq;F aq;fspd; nrhj;Jupikr; rl;lk; epiw
,UtH gilapYk; vyh ,dj;jtUk; Ak; ngsj;j rpq;fstHfis <Hj;jpUe; ngupJk; ,Ue;jJ. Ntw;wg;gLtjw;Fk; ntrhf; tpLKiwj;
fye;jpUe;jdH. kfhtk;rNk mij jJ. jpdr; rl;lk; epiwNtw;wg;gLtjw;Fk;
kjg;Nghuhfr; rpj;jupf;f Kw;gl;lJ. gpupj;jhdpa muR eilKiwg;gLj;jpa fhuzkhdhH. rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpap
rpq;fstUf;Fs; fpwpj;jt kjk; gutpa kw;WnkhU rl;lj; rPHjpUj;jj;jpd;gb> nkhopg;gw;iwAk; Njrpa czHitAk;
Vwf;Fiwa 18k; E}w;whz;Ltiu mjp Ntis> ngsj;j rpq;fstH mijf; 1911 ,yq;if rl;lrigf;fhd Kj Cl;bdhH. 1904k; Mz;L nrg;nuk;gH
fhug; Nghl;bfSf;Fs; rpf;fpapUe;j fLikahf vjpHj;jdH. tlf;fp MW- yhtJ NjHj eilngw;wJ. rpq;fstH khjk; 3k; jpfjp Mde;jhf; fY}upapd;
,yq;ifap nkhop rhHe;j ,dtil KfehtyUk; mtH mtH topte;j cl;gl ,yq;ifap ftpawpT ngw;w guprspg;G tpohtp gpujk tpUe;jpduhf
ahsq;fs; Ngupjhfg; Ngrg;gltpiy. NrH.nghd;. ,uhkehjd; Nghd;w jiy midtUk; ,yq;ifapd; gpujpepjpah fye;Jnfhz;l ,uhkehjd;> mq;fpUe;j
kjQ;rhHe;j NkhjfSk; ngUkstp tHfSk; fpwpj;jt kjg;gutiy vjpHj; fg; nghd;. ,uhkehjidNa njupT- rpq;fs kf;fisg;ghHj;J “rpq;fs ehf;
milahsg;gLj;jtpiy. jdH. ,JTk; ngsj;j rpq;fstHfSf; nra;jdH. Ffs; rpq;fs nkhopiag; Ngrhtpbd;
Fg; gpbj;jpUe;jJ. vdNtjhd; ngsj;j NtWahHjhd; ,ijg; Ngrg;Nghfpd;
mefhupf jHkghy vd;w ngsj;j Jw rpq;fstHfs; jkpo;j;jiytHfspd; khkdhH topr; nrthf;Fk; ftpawp whHfs;?” vd;W fHr;rpj;jhH. ,tH 1924
tptpd; tUifapd; gpd;dNu> ,yq;if jiyikia Vw;wdH. Tk; Ngr;rhw;wYk; RNjr kjkhd irt murpa ,Ue;J Xa;Tngw;whH.
ap kjthjk; GJ tbtq;fsp jiy- newpiaf; iftplhikANk ,uhkehj
naLf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j kjth gpupj;jhdpaH Ml;rpf;fhyj;jp ,yq;if dpd; nrthf;Ff;Ff; fhuzkhf mike; ,tUila rNfhjuuhd NrH. nghd;.
jg; Nghf;FfNs irtj;Jf;F MWKf- jOtpa tifap Gfo;ngw;w Kj jd. mUzhryk; 1913 , mur Nritap
ehtyiuAk; ,];yhj;Jf;F KfkJ jkpo; jiytH NrH.M.Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp ,Ue;J Xa;T ngw;W murpayp <Lg
rpj;jpnyg;igiaAk; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. MthH. gUj;jpj;Jiwiag; gpwg;gplkh 1915 rpq;fstHfs;> ,];yhkpaH kPJ lj; njhlq;fpdhH. ,yq;ifaH vd;w
,e;j Kuz;fspd; topNa ,yq;ifap ff; nfhz;l ,tH rpwe;j rl;lthsuhfj; jpl;lkpl;l jhf;Fjfis elj;jpdH. milahsj;ijf; nfhz;ltuhf> gy
mjpf vz;zpf;ifap tho;e;j rpq;fs jpfo;e;jhH. 1861 ,yq;ifr;rl;lg;Ngu ,jp fzprkhd ,];yhkpaH nfhyg; gzpfisr; nra;jhH. mtw;wp ,uz;L
kf;fs; jkJ Ngupdthjr; rpe;jidf- itap cWg;gpdH MdhH. ,e;jr;rl; gl;ldH. gpupj;jhdpa muR ,g;Nghuhl; Kf;fpakhdit. xd;W ,yq;ifj;Njrp
isf; fl;likj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. lg; NguitNa ,yq;ifapd; mur epH lj;ij mlf;fp> fhuzkhd rpq;fsj; aj;jpw;fhd mbj;jsj;ij cUthf;fp
thfj;jp jiyikafkhf ,Ue;jJ. jiytHfshd b.v];. Nrdehaf;fh> dhH. ,uz;lhtJ murpa rPHjpUf;ff;
gpupj;jhdpaH Ml;rpap ftpap rpwe;J vt;.MH. Nrdehaf;fh> la]; gz;lhu fofj;ij cUthf;fp> gpupj;jhdpaupl
tpsq;fpa jkpoH> jk;ik ,yq;ifa ,e;jg;Nguit> fz;bg; gFjptho; rpq; ehaf;f cl;gl gy jiytHfisr; kpUe;J tpLjiy Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfhup
uhf fUjpdH. KO ,yq;iff;Fkhd fs kf;fspd; jpUkzk; njhlHgp rpiwap milj;jJ. mtHfSf;F kuz epd;whH.
NjitfSf;fhfr; nraw;gl;ldH. vdp rpq;fs kf;fs; tpUk;ghj xU fl;lisr; jz;lidAk; tpjpj;jJ.
Dk; Ngupdthjr; rpe;jidfs; mtHf rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;w Kw;gl;lJ. mij ,yq;if kf;fSf;F xUikg;ghL
isj; jkpouhf tho tw;GWj;jpaJ. vjpHj;J epd;wtH Kj;Jf;FkhurhkpNa. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; ,];yhkpaHfshf nfhz;l Njrpa,af;fk; Njit vd typ
mNjNghd;W ngupJk; rpq;fs kf;f ,Ue;jNghJk; rpq;fsj; jiytHfis AWj;jpdhH. ,e;j Nehf;fp ,yq;ifj;
gNtW rpw;wuRfsh Msg;gl;l ,yq; isg; ghjpf;fty fpuhkrigr; rl;lj; tpLtpf;fNt Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhd;lhH Njrpa fhq;fpu]; vd;w mikg;ig cU
ifia 1833 NfhGW}f; rPHjpUj;jk; ijAk; ,g;Nguit eilKiwg;gLj;j ,uhkehjd;. thf;fpdhH. ,e;jpahtp eilngw;w tpL
vd;w ngaup gpupj;jhdpaH xUq;fpizj; Kad;wNghJ ,tNu vjpHj;J epd;whH. jiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fSk; mq;F Njhw;
jdH. ,e;j xUq;fpizg;G 1921 1962 ,q;fpyhe;J nrd;W rl;lj;Jiw ,e;jj; jz;lidf;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhba
khdpq; rPHjpUj;jk; cUthf;fk; ngWk; njhlu;jy; 91k; gf;fk;
tiu eilKiwap ,Ue;jJ.
NfhGW}f; murpa Kiwik mid
jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 91 -
njhlf;ffhyj;... xg;Gf;nfhz;l gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij toq;f mikg;ig cUthf;fpa mUzhryk;
kWf;fNt> jpU mUzhryk; nehbe;J kpfTk; kdKile;jhH. gpd;dH jkpoH
90k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... mUzhryk; Kjyp cUthf;fpa NghdhH. ,yq;ifaH vd;w xUikg; fis xUq;fpizj;J jkpoH kfh[d
mikg;G r%f Nritr; rq;fkhFk;. ghl;Lf;F mg;gh rpq;fsk; jd; Ngup rig vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fpdhH.
wk; ngw;w ,e;jpaf; fhq;fpurpd; nraw; ,J nfhOk;gp thOk; Vioj; njhop dthj Kfj;ij ntspg;gLj;j Muk; ,JNt murpa jsj;jp jkpoH
ghLfSk; ,tUf;F topfhl;bfshf yhsH eyj;jp mf;fiw nfhz;L gpj;j epfo;thfTk; ,J ,Ue;jJ. jkf;nfd cUthf;fpf; nfhz;l Kj
mike;jd. ,e;j mikg;gpd; KjyhtJ ,aq;fpaJ. yz;lDf;Fr; nrd;W> mq;F mikg;ghFk;. ,e;j mikg;gpd; Njhw;
jiytuhfTk; mtNu gjtpNaw;whH. khefurig efuj;njhopyhsHfs; njhlu; murpa khw;wq;fSf;fika gpupj;jh wj;NjhL> ,yq;ifaH vd;w xUikA
,tH Mw;wpa gzpfsp kpf Kf;fpa ghd nraw;ghLfis Muha;e;J> mit dpaH mjpfhuj;ijr; rpwpJrpwpjhf ,yq; zHTk; milahsKk; mopa Muk;gpj;
khdJ ,yq;ifj; Njrpa fhq;fpu]; ,yq;ifapYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz; ifaUf;F toq;fpdH. ,yq;ifaH vd;w jJ.
vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;f tpj;jpl;l Lk; vdg; gupe;Jiu nra;jhH. tifap ngUksT mjpfhuq;fs; rpq;
ikahFk;. ,jw;fhf 1917 murpa fstHfspd; iffSf;Nf nrd;wJ. jkp ,yq;ifaH vd;w milahsj;JlDk;
rPHjpUj;jf; fofj;ij cUthf;fp KO gpd;dhl;fsp ,tiug; gpd;gw;wpNa oHfs; Kjjlitahf ,d milah NtWghlw;w Fbkf;fshfTNk jkpoHfs;
ikahd Rje;jpuf; Nfhupf;ifia vq; V.<. Fzrpq;fh Nghd;w njhopw;rq;fj; sj;ij Kd;epWj;jp murpa elj;j tho tpUk;gpdH. Mdh> rpq;fstup
Fk; tw;GWj;jpdhH. gNtW gpuNjrq; jiytHfs; njhopw;rq;f murpayp Ntz;b epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ilNa jiynaLf;fj;njhlq;fpa Ngup
fspYk; ,jw;fhfg; gug;Giufs; nra; <Lgl;ldH. ,yq;ifaH vd;w mil dthj czHT mij mopj;jJ. jkpo
jhH. ,yq;if kf;fSf;nfd If;fpag; ahsj;ij caHj;jpg;gpbj;Nj mUzh- gpupj;jhdpaUf;nfjpuhd ,e;jpa Rje;jpu iuj; jkpouhfNt tho tw;GWj;jpaJ.
gl;l xU Njrpa ,af;fk; Njit vdf; ryk; jd; gzpfis Kd;ndLj;jhH. gpw tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; rhaiy
fUjp ,duPjpahfTk; gpuNjr uPjpahTk; jkpo;jiytHfSk; mt;thNw fUjpdH. mUzhryk; Vw;gLj;j Kad;wik gpupj; ,yq;if murpathjpfSk; ,e;jg;
cUthfpapUe;j vyh mikg;Gfis jhdpaUf;Fk; vupr;riy Vw;gLj;jpapUf; Ngupdthj czHTfSf;Fj; jPdpapl;L>
Ak; ,izj;J 1919 ,yq;ifj; Njrpa 1921 khdpq; murpa rPHjpUj;jk; eil fyhk;. gpupj;jhSk; #o;r;rpap ifNjHe; jkJ murpa tho;itg; Ngzpf; nfhz;
fhq;fpui] cUthf;fpdhH. mjd; Kj Kiwf;F te;jJ. khfhzkl;lj;jp jtHfshd gpupj;jhdpaH ,yq;if mu ldH. jkpoHfNsh Nghuhl;lq;fisg;
yhtJ jiytuhfTk; mtNu gjtp- gpujpepjpfs; njupthFk; tha;g;Gfs; rpayp ,Ue;J mUzhryj;ijj; jpl; gy tbtq;fsp Kd;ndLj;J vOe;Jk;
Naw;whH. Vw;gl;ld. Nk khfhzj;jp gpujpep lkpl;Nl mfw;wpapUf;fTk; tha;g;Gfs; tPo;e;Jk; ,dtopg;Gfis vjpHnfhz;L
jpfs; njuptp> rpq;fsj; jiytHfs; cz;L. tUfpd;wdH.
,yq;ifj; Njrpa fhq;fpu]; vd;w
Ks;sptha;f;fhy;: 10... rf;jpfspd; Nrtfkhf khwptpl;l jkpo; lkplNyh ,iy vd;w epiyap jkp
murpa> jdf;fhd nraw;ghl;Lg;ghH oH tho;T NkYk; cupik kWg;Gf;f
88k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... mikg;GfspilNaAk; fpilahJ. itAk;> mjw;fhd Kd;ndLg;Gk; ,d;wp isAk; neUf;Fthuq;fisANk vjpH
mij epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd rHtNjr myhLfpwJ. Ks;sptha;f;fhYf;Fg; nfhs;sg;NghfpwJ. mjw;fhd mwpFwp
fl;l Kaw;rpfSk; vk; kf;fs; tho;tp mq;fPfhuj;jpw;fhd nghwpKiw> mij gpd;duhd 10 Mz;Lfsp jkpoH mu fs; xU thuj;jpNyNa gy tbtq;f
aiy Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifap Kd;nd Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhd fhyk; vd;gjp rpa jkpoH eyd;rhHe;j Kd;Ndw;wk; sp ntspg;gl Muk;gpj;Js;sd. rup
Lf;fg;gltpiy. Ntz;Lnkd;wh fUj;J NtWghLfs; vd ngupjhf vjidAk; Fwpg;gpLk; ,jw;fhd jPHTfs; jhd; vd;d? vd;
,Uf;fyhk;> Mdh <oj;jkpoUf;F epiyap ,iy vd;gJ ngUk; JaH wh> Kjyp Ks;sptha;f;fhYf;F Kd;
,d;ndhU tpjj;jp nrhypf; nfhs; ele;jJ ,dg;gLnfhiy vd;wjpNyNa jUk; epiy. uh[gf;rtpd; fPo; jhd; duhd xU jiyikia ,d;W NjL
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tpaiy Kd;dfHj;Jk; nraw;ghl;Lg; ,t;thwhd Fog;g epiyfSf;Fg; gpu- Lf; nfhz;l eyhl;rpapYk; fle;j nghWg;gpd; Clhf mij vjpHnfhs;s
ghHit jfHe;J fplf;fpwJ. Kd;dH jhd fhuzk;> jkpoH nraw;ghl;L mq; ehd;F Mz;Lfsp epiyahd jPHT> KbANk md;wp ,d;ndhU jdpeguh
ntspehl;b epiwe;J fplf;Fk; jkpo; fq;fs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;lhsHfsp gupfhuePjp vd;W Kf;fpa tplaq;fsp- mJ rhj;jpakpiy vd;gij Gupe;J
itj;jpa epGzHfs; jkpoPo Rfhjhu fdprkhd gFjp Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; NyNa vt;tpj epiyahd Kd;Ndw;w nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;lhtJ jkpo;
gpuptpdh cs;@H itj;jpaHfs;> kUj; jkpoH ,yhj rf;jpfspd; MSik Kk; fpilahJ. khwhf vk;khNyNa ek; mikg;GfspilNaAk;> nraw;ghl;lh
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fs; eyk; rhHe;j itj;jpa Kd;ndLg; Az;L fplg;gNj. mt;thwhd rf;jpfis gl;L tpl;Nlhk; vd;w epiyiaNa va; aq;fspyhtJ xU xUkpj;j Vw;Gk;
Gfs; njhlHr;rpahf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld. Gwk;js;Sk; Mw;w ,yhjtHfsh> jpAs;sJ. ,e;jh tUfpwJ> ,e;jh ,zf;fg;ghLk; vl;lg;gl;lhf Ntz;Lk;.
,jdh jhaf cs;@H cwTKiw mtHfSld; gazpj;jhYk; me;epiyia tUfpwJ vd;W efHe;j Gjpa murpa jkpo; nraw;ghLfsp Mw;wYk;> gl;l
ap Mokhd xU gw;W tsHf;fg;gl;lJ gad;gLj;jp jkpoH eyd;fisAk; mikg;G toikNgh rtf;Fopf;F wpTk; nfhz;l xU FO jpl;lkpl
kl;Lkd;wp> kf;fspd; RfhjhuKk; Nkk; ntd;nwLf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ,iy vd; mDg;gg;gl;lJ jhd; kpr;rk;. gupfhu tbtikg;gp ,izf;fg;gl;lhf Ntz;
gl;lJ. mjd; njhlHr;rpahf kUj;J gNj epjHrdkhd cz;ikAkhFk;. ePjpnad n[dpthit ikak; nfhz;L Lk;. ,Uf;f> mt;thwd tplaq;fsp
tg;gpupT> jpyPgd; rpwg;G kUj;Jtkid> me;j Mjpf;frf;jpfspd; eyd;fs; ntd; rHtNjr r%f ,izg;Gj; jsj;jp Gydha;Tj; jpwDld; gytplaq;fs;
jpyPgd; elkhLk; kUj;Jt Nrit> nwLf;fg;gLtij njupe;Njh njupah efHe;j murpa jsk; $l> fhyePbg; fUj;jp nfhs;sg;gl;L> mjd; gpd;G
nghd;dk;gyk; epidT kUj;Jtkid> kNyh cWjpnra;Ak; ,tHfsh> ngdj; njhlHe;J Nrlk; ,Of;fpwJ. yj;jp jkpo; murpa xUq;fikf;fg;
kUj;Jt Muhl;rpg;gpupT> kUj;Jtf;f mijf;fle;J jkpoH eyid efHj;j xUfjT %lg;gLk; NghJ gy fjTfs; gl;L efHe;jh kl;LNk kiy vd
Y}up vdg; gy tpupthf;fq;fisf; fz; Kbatpiy. ,q;Fk; kPz;Lk; rpij Ntz;lhk;> NkYk; xU fjitf; $lj; epkpHe;J epw;Fk; rthfis mjdh
lJ. ,d;Wk; ,jp gy tplaq;fs; itf; fz;bUf;Fk; jkpoH xw;Wik jpwf;Fk; rhzf;fpak; mw;W ,Uf;Fk; ntw;wpfukhff; fle;J efu KbAk;.
kf;fs; eyd;fUjp Kd;ndLf;f KbAk;. vd;w tplak; G+jhfukhf vOe;J epw; ehNkh> vyhk; vkJ rhzf;fpak; vd mJNt xU ,khya rth vd;w
Mdh mij Kd;ndLg;gtH ahH? fpwJ. CH ,uz;L gl;lh $j;jhbf; NtW Kuriwfpd;Nwhk;. epiyapNyNa Ks;sptha;f;fhypd; 10
me;jg; gHHit mjw;fhd jpl;lkpl Ff; nfhz;lhl;lk; vd;gJ Ngh> ,r; Mz;Lfs; epiwitj; <oj;jkpopdk;
ve;j nraw;ghl;L mq;fj;jplk; cz;L? rf;jpfsh gpsTz;L epw;Fk; jkpoH ,t;thW Nrlk; ,Of;Fk; jkpo; murp vjpHnfhs;fpwJ.
mikg;Gf;fshYk;> nraw;ghl;lhsHf a jhaj;jpYk; rup> Gyk;ngaHe;j
,t;thW jhd; jkpo; murpaYk; jwp- shYk; jkpo;r%fNk ,d;W Jz;lhlg; ehLfspYk; rup fle;j Vg;u 21k; ehs; [email protected]
nfl;L rpije;J fplf;fpwJ. jkpoUf;F gl;L ge;jhlg;gLfpwJ. eilngw;w Njthyaq;fs; kw;Wk;
eilngw;wJ ,dg;gLnfhiy jhd; el;rj;jpu tpLjpfs; kPjhd jhf;Fjf
vd;gjp $l xUkpj;j fUj;J jhaff; ,jdh jhd; ngupJk; ,t;thwhd isj;njhlHe;J ngUk; rthepiyf;
fl;rpfspilNaAk;> Gyk;ngaH jkpoH Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. mij vjpH
nfhs;Sk; Mw;wNyh> ghHitNah> jpl;
Ks;sptha;f;fhy; NghU... Ml;rpiaj; jf;fitf;Fk; cghakh rpq;fs kf;fspd; thf;fpid kl;Lk;
fTk; gpd;gw;wpapUe;jdu;. nfhz;L mLj;j Ie;jhz;L Ml;rpiag;
89k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... mj;Jld; jkpou;fSf;fhfj; jdpauR gpbf;fKidAk; murpay;thjpfsJ
nfhLff; gg; ltpUff; pwJ vdw; toff; khd K];ypk;fisAk; jkpou;fisAk; ,d jpl;lkhfTk; vz;zg;gLfpwJ.
tof;fk;NghyNt Ml;rpkhw;wj;Jf;fhd Fw;wr;rhl;bid kf;fSf;Ff; nfhz;L ntWg;gpid Cl;bg; gpupg;gjd; %yk;
nraw;ghLfspy; ‘nkhl;Lf; fl;rp’apdu; Nghar; N; ruf; F; k; Gjj; kjjj; pd; tYthd rpq;fstu; jkpou;fSf;fpilapyhd ,d ,t;thW rpWghd;ikapdiug; gpupj;J
Nfhj;jgha uh[gf;rtpid [dhjpgjp ngsj;j epWtdq;fisg; gad;gLj;J If;fpak; vd;w jLg;G Ntypapidg; itjJ; xU gFjpapdUfF; f$; ba rY
Ntlghsuhff; fskpwfF; tjwF; Maj; tjpy; Nfhj;jgha kjpEl;gj;Jld; nraw; Nghl;bUe;jhu;fs;. ,jd; %yk; xU iffis toq;Ftjd; %yk; jkpou;f
jkhfptpl;ldu;. Ks;sptha;f;fhy; Nghupd; gl;bUf;fpwhu;. NghJk; jkpou; nrhy; vLglhjtifapy; SfF; vej; g; gpurr; pidAk; ,yi; y vdg;
ehafu;fspy; jiyahdtdhfj; jd; murpay; elj;Jk; nraypid Nkw;nfhs; Ngritg;gJk;> jkpou; gpur;rpidj; jPu;
idf; fhl;bf; nfhs;Sk; Nfhj;jgha rpq;fsf;fLk;Nghf;F ,dthjpfs; Ks; Sfpwhu;fs;. Tf;F Kl;Lf;fl;il NghLtJk; Ml;rp
murpay; mjpfhuj;ijAk; ifg;gw;wp sptha;f;fhy; Nghiu KbTf;Ff;nfhz;L ajpfhuj;jpudg; gpd;gw;WNtu; gad;g
,jd;%yk; jd;idAk; jd;idr; rhu;e; tuTk; Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wTk; rpW mjd; cr;rkhf mike;jJ fpwP];Jtu; Lj;Jk; ,uh[je;jpkhf
jtu;fisAk; ,uhZtj;jpdiuAk; ghd;ik ,dq;fisg; gpupj;J itg;g fSf;Fk; K];ypk;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd khwptpl;lJ.
Nghu;f;Fw;wk; nghWg;Gf; $wy; Mfpa jpYk; ngUk;ghd;ikapdUf;Fk; rpW ntWgi; g Vwg; LjJ; tjhFk.; fpoff; py;
tw;wpypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;sKb ghd;ik ,dq;fSf;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ mJ jkpouf; SfF; k; ,]y; hkpauf; Sf; [email protected]
Ak.; ,J fhyqf; hykhf murpayt; hjp gifikia Vw;gLj;jj;jf;f nraw;gh Fk; ,ilapyhd ,dntWg;ghfTk;
fs; gad;gLj;Jk; Af;jpahf ,Ue;J Lfisr; nra;tJ Nju;jy; Af;jpahfTk; njw;fpy; fpwP];Jtu;fSf;Fk; ,];yhkp
tUfpwJ. au;fSf;Fkpilapyhd ntWg;Gf; Fw;
wkhf khw Ntz;Lnkd;gJk; jdpNa
- 92 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
Ks;sptha;f;fh gj;jhk; Mz;L epidTr; rpwg;gpjOf;fhfj; NghJ <Lgl;bUf;fpNwd;. ,yf;fpak; fofj;jpd; Kaw;rpap> ‘khDlj;jpd;
jha;tPl;bd; tbtikg;ghsUk; MNyhrfHfSs; xUtUkhd cs;spl;l fiy rhH Kaw;rpfsp> jkpo;f;$l’ vd;w kFlj;jpd; fPo;> xU
,ad;wtiu <Lgl;L te;jpUf;fpNwd;. khehL aho;g;ghzj;jp elj;jg;gl;lJ.
kiwe;j XtpaH fUzh mtHfsh xspg;gl Clftpa rhHe;J> ,Wjpg; mq;F ,lk;ngw;w Clftpa mkHtp>
fle;j ngg;gputup khjj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l NeHfhz. NghHf;fhyj;jp jPtpukhf ,aq;f fhl;rp Clfq;fs; Fwpj;Jf; fl;Liu
NeHe;jpUf;fpwJ. me;jj;jPtpuj;ij> ,g; thrpj;jpUf;fpNwd;. mjp> njd;dpyq;
Xtpak;> xspg;glk;> rpdpkh Living Moments - Photographs of Ama- NghJ epidj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; NghJ ifapypUe;J mioj;Jtug;gl;bUe;j
Nghd;w fhl;rpf;fiyfspYk; rathaas’ vd;w ngaup> jkpopYk; Mq; nfhQ;rk; Mr;rupakhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. rpq;fsf; fiyQHfSk; rpq;fs Cl
,yf;fpak; kw;Wk; Clfj; fpyj;jpYk; me;j xspg;gl E} mike; vdJ rf;jpf;F kPwpa mstp mJ fHfSk; fye;Jnfhz;ldH. gpd;dH>
jsq;fspYk; cq;fsJ <Lgh jpUe;jJ. me;j E} ntspaPl;ilj; epfo;e;jpUg;gjhf czHfpNwd;. njd;dpyq;ifr; rpq;fs ClfHfspd;
Lfs; gw;wpr; nrhy KbAkh? njhlHe;J> ‘thOk; fzq;fs;’ (Living Kaw;rpap> ‘rpq;fs - jkpo;f;fiyf;$
Moments) vd;w ngaup> fpspnehr;rp Clftpa kw;Wk; fiyfs; l’ vd;w kFlj;jpd; fPo; nfhOk;gp
rpWtdhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jp> Xtpaf; ap vdJ xspg;glf; fhl;rp epfo;j;jg; rhHe;j cq;fsJ Njlfs;> elj;jg;gl;l khehl;bYk; rpdpkh mkH
fiyap kpFe;j <LghL nfhz;bUe; gl;lJ. gzpfs;> mDgtq;fs; Nghd; tp fl;Liu thrpj;Njd;. fpspnehr;rpap>
Njd;. Xuq;f ehlfk; cs;spl;l ehlf wit NghHf;fhyj;jp vg;gb Clf mwptpaw; fY}up ,aq;fpaNghJ>
Kaw;rpfspYk; <Lgl;bUf;fpNwd;. ghl NghHf;fhyj;jp> td;dpg;gFjpap apUe;jd? mf;fY}up rhHe;j rpy Kd;ndLg;Gf
rhiyapd; khztH kd;w epfo;Tfsp tho;e;j fhyj;jp> fiyfs; rhHe;Jk; sp ,ize;J gzpahw;wpapUf;fpNwd;.
xU ghlfuhfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpNwd;. Clftpa rhHe;Jk; ,aq;fpf;nfhz; Clftpa rhHe;J> RakhfTk; g rpdpkh rhHe;Jk; xspg;glf;fiy> xspg;
XtpauhfTk; ebfuhfTk; ghlfuhfTk; bUe;Njd;. njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpj; NtW topKiwfspYk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s gl Clftpa rhHe;Jk; td;dpapNy
jhd; vdJ fiyg;gazk; Muk;gpj;jp jahupg;GfspYk; rpdpkh rhHe;j Kaw; Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. aho;. gfiyf;fof gapw;rpg;gl;liwfis elj;jpapUf;fp
Uf;fpwJ. rpfspYk; tptuzg;gl Kaw;rpfspYk; tshfj;jp> ‘aho; gfiyf;fof Gw Nwd;. ClftpaiyAk; Vida fiy
<Lgl;bUf;fpNwd;. gNtW ftpijfis> epiyg; gbg;Gfs; myF’ ,aq;fpa rhH tplaq;fisAk; eilKiw mDg
vdJ gjpd;k taJf; fhyj;jp> XtpaH rpWfijfis> fl;Liufis vOjpap fhyj;jp> Clftpa rhHe;j fw;if tq;fspd; topahfNth RahjPdkhfNth
khw;F mtHfspd; njhlHG fpilj;jJ. Uf;fpNwd;. ‘,agpid mthTj’ newpap KOikahf <Lgl;bUf;fp jhd; mjpfkjpfk; fw;Wf;nfhs;sKbe;
Xtpaf;fiy rhHe;J> kpf Kf;fpakhd vd;w ngaup> vdJ ftpijj; njhFg; Nwd;. mijj; njhlHe;J> mq;F cs jpUf;fpwJ.
topfhl;bahf mtH ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhH. gpid ntspapl;bUf;fpNwd;. tsj;Jiz> xspg;glf;fiy rhHe;j
njhlHe;J> gNtW XtpaHfSldhd fw;ifnewpfspYk; <LglKbe;jpUf;fp ,Wjpg;NghHf; fhyj;jp kl;Lk; gyh
njhlHGfs; fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wd. Xtpa fhl;rpf; fiyfs; rhHe;J mjpfkjpfk; wJ. ePz;l fhykhf> ‘rhsuk;’ vd;Dk; apuf;fzf;fpyhd xspg;glq;fis vLj;
<Lghl;bd; njhlHr;rpahfNt vdJ ,aq;fp te;jpUf;fpNwd;. NghHf;fhy rQ;rpif rhHe;J ,aq;fpapUf;fpNwd;. jpUf;fpNwd;. me;jf; nfhba fhyj;jpd;
xspg;gl <LghL mike;jpUf;fpwJ. tho;tpa mDgtq;fs;> Kiwrhuhf; rpy Clfq;fsp> RahjPd mbg;gil gNtW Nkhrkhd mDgtq;fSk;
nghUshjhuj; jilfs; cs;spl;l g ftp Kaw;rpfs;> fhyj;jpd; Njitfs; fsp vdJ gq;fspg;Gfs; njhlHe;jpUf; m i y f; f op f; f g; g l; L f; n f h z; b U e; j
NtW neUf;fbfs; epiwe;jpUe;j NghHf; Nghd;w fhuzpfs;> vd;idf; fiyQ fpd;wd. gNtW mr;R Clfq;fsp mg;ghtp kf;fspd; mtyq;fisg; gjp
fhyj;jp> xspg;glf; fiyrhH nraw; uhf kl;Lkyhk RahjPd Clfuhf vOjpapUf;fpNwd;. mtw;wpNy ngUk; Tnra;J ntspf;nfhz;LtuNtz;bap
ghLfisj; jPtpukhf Kd;ndLj;jp Tk; gupkhzk; nfhs;sr;nra;jd vd;W ghyhdit ,yf;fpa tifikf;Fs; Ue;j NjitfSk;> RahjPd Clfuhf
Uf;fpNwd;. NghHf;fhyj;jpNyNa> 350 epidf;fpNwd;. tuf;$bait. rQ;rpiffs;> Gj;jfq;fs; vd;id XHkj;Jld; ,aq;fr; nra;jd
gf;fq;fs; tiu nfhz;l XH xspg;gl gytw;wp vdJ xspg;glq;fs; gyTk; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;.
E}iy ntspapl;Nld;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; NghHr; R+o;epiyfshYk; miyr;r gpuRupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Wjpg;NghUf;F
Gypfspd; epo muR ,aq;fpf;nfhz; kpFe;j tho;tpd; neUf;fbfshYk; Kd;duhd> ‘rkhjhd fhyj;jp’> aho;. NghHf;fhyj;jp> RahjPd Cl
bUe;j fhyfl;lj;jp> NghHNkfq;fs; Xtpaf;fiyap jpUg;jpfukhf <Lgl gfiyf;fof Clf tsq;fs; gapw;rp fuhfr; nraw;gl;bUf;fpwPHfs;.
R+o;e;jpUe;j fpspnehr;rpap> 2006k; Mz; Kbahkw; NghapUe;jhYk;> Njitfs; epiyak; ,aq;fpa NghJ> mq;F rpdpkh gy xspg;glq;fis vLj;jJ
bd; eLg;gFjpap mJ ele;jJ. ‘thOk; epkpj;jk; Xtpa Kaw;rpfsp mt;tg; ,urid rhHe;j gapw;rp tFg;Gfis kl;Lkyhk> gNtW jsq;
fzq;fs; - mkujh]; xspg;glq;fs; : elj;jpapUf;fpNwd;.
njhlu;jy; 93k; gf;fk;
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; fiy gz;ghl;Lf;
jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 %d;whk;... <LgLfpNwd;. ,e;jpahtp Nfhth> - 93 -
Nfush Nghd;w khepyq;fspYk; Rtpw;
XHkj;jpd; Ue;j xspg;glq;fspd; %yg;gpujpfs; rHyhe;J> ,q;fpyhe;J> fdlh Nghd;w E}fshf;fp ntspapl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;
cl;gl> vdJ ‘nrhj;Jfs;’ gytw;iw ehLfspYk; vdJ xspg;glq;fs; fhl; dKk; ntsptuhj xspg;glq;fs; gy
92k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... Ak; ,oe;jpUf;fpNwd;. rpg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. neUf;fbfs; vd;dplk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
fsp mtw;iw ntspg;gLj;jp NghHf;fhyj;jp gNtW tifahd njhlUk; tho;f;ifr; R+oyp vOj;J
AkpUf;fpwPHfs;. mit rhHe;j ,og;GfisAk; Jauq;fisAk; re;jpf; Kaw;rpfs; Fiwe;J Ngha;tpl;ld. vdp NghHf;Fw;wq;fs;> ,dg;gL
mDgtq;fisr; RUf;fkhfg; fhj kdpjHfNs ,Ue;jpUf;f KbahJ. Dk;> vdJ tiyj;jsj;jpYk; KfE} nfhiy rhHe;j cq;fs; fUj;
gfpHe;Jnfhs;s KbAkh? Nghup kdpjHfs; kl;Lk; ghjpf;fg;gL ypYk; mt;tg;NghJ vOjp tUfpNwd;. Jfisg; gfpHe;Jnfhs;s Kb
tjpiy. kdpjHfs; rhHe;j midj;J 2019k; Mz;bd; Nk khjj;jp> ,q;fp Akh?
rpwPyq;fh muR> jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ Vtp yhe;jp ,uz;L ,lq;fsp vdJ xspg;
tpl;bUe;j muh[fq;fis> gLnfhiy [PtuhrpfSk; ,aw;ifAk; epyKk; R+o glf;fhl;rpfs; eilngwTs;sd. NtW ,yq;ifapd; cs;ehl;Lg; NghHf;fhyj;
Yk; ngUk; ghjpg;GfSf;Fs;shFk;. rpy ehLfsp xspg;glf; fhl;rpfis jp> NghHf;Fw;wq;fs; Vuhskhf ele;
fis xspg;glq;fshf;fpa mDgtq; mj;jifa ghjpg;Gfis mUfpNyNa Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; ele;J jpUf;fpd;wd. mJ kl;Lky> rpq;fs
fis> thHj;ijfsh RUf;fkhf ,Ue;J ghHf;f NeHe;jpUf;fpwJ. epHf;f tUfpd;wd. vdJ NghHf;fhy xspg;g mur jug;gpduh> <oj;jkpoHfs; kPJ
ntspg;gLj;JtJ kpfTk; rpukkhFk;. jpahf miyf;fope;J> mtyq;fis lq;fisAk; mDgtq;fisAk; mbg; ,dg;gLnfhiy eltbf;iffs; Nkw;
tho;tplq;fsp ,Ue;J Juj;jpabf;fg; nayhk; gjpTnra;a NeHe;j mDg gilfshff; nfhz;L> NghUf;Fg;gpd; nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit> tpup
gl;l kf;fspd; JaH kpFe;j tho;tp tj; JaHfs;> vd; MAs; KOikf;Fk; duhd vdJ gzpfspd; fhl;rpg; gjpT- thf Muhag;gl Ntz;bait. mit
aiy> NghHf;Fw;wq;fspd; tpisTfis> ePbf;ff;$bait. fisAk; xUq;fpizj;J> xU tptuzj; gw;wpg; gNtW jsq;fsp> mt;tg;
‘fz;zpak;’ (dignity) rpijf;fg;gl;l NghUf;Fg; gpd;duhd cq;fsJ jpiug;glj;jpid cUthf;fpf;nfhz;b NghJ vOjpAk; NgrpAk; te;jpUf;fpNwd;.
epiyap ,dg;gLnfhiy eltbf;if Uf;fpNwd;.
fSf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; ,yq;ifap eilngw;w NghHf;Fw;wq;
mtyq;fis> xspg;glq;fspNy njhlHr; rHtNjr kl;lq;fsp ,aq;Ffpd;w Cl fs; kw;Wk; ,dg;gLnfhiyf; Fw;wq;fs;
rpahfg; gjpTnra;jpUf;fpNwd;. fHfs;> kdpj cupikahsHfs; Nghd;w rupahd Kiwap tprhupf;fg;glNtz;
tHfSld; ,ize;J rpy Ntiyj;jpl; bait.
lq;fsp <LgLfpNwd;. I.eh. muq;fp
(gf;f mkHtp)> vdJ xspg;glq;fisf; ,dntwpapd; mbg;gilap jpl;lkpl;l
fhl;rpg;gLj;jp ciuahw;wpapUf;fpNwd;. Kiwap> Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w $l;Lg;
I.eh. eltbf;iffspd; kPJ XusT gLnfhiyfs; khj;jpuky> XH ,dj;
nrthf;Fr; nrYj;jf; $batHfisr; jpd; fz;zpak; (dignity) rpijf;fg;gL
re;jpj;J ciuahb> vdJ xspg;glq;fs; fpw tifap Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;w
gytw;iw toq;fpapUf;fpNwd;. NghHf; jpl;lkpl;l midj;J eltbf;iffSk;
Fw;wq;fs;> ,dg;gLnfhiy eltbf; ,dg;gLnfhiy vd;Dk; nghwpKiwf;
iffs; Nghd;wtw;iw ntspf;nfhzUk; Fs; tuf;$bait. ,dg;gLnfhiy
tifap nraw;gLfpNwd;. (genocide) vd;w thHj;ijia mwpK
fg;gLj;jpa uNg nyk;g;fpd; vd;gtupd;
<oj;jkpoHfSf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l meP gjpTfs;> El;gkhff; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;
jpfSf;fhd ghugl;rkw;w rhl;rpahf bait. ntWk; nfhiyr;rk;gtq;fis
,Uf;ftpiofpNwd;. ,yq;ifap NghHf; myJ NghHf;Fw;wq;fis kl;Lk; Kd;
Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ,dg;gLnfhiy el itj;J> mtw;iw ,dg;gLnfhiy
tbf;iffSf;Fk; kpf ePz;l fhy tu vd;W tiuaWf;f KbahJ.
yhW ,Uf;fpwJ. mit> ,Wjpg; NghHf;
fhyj;jp ghupa mstp Nkw;nfhs; ,g;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; rHtNjr r%fq;
sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. fspd; ek;gpf;iffs; myJ rl;l epa
kq;fspd;gb> ,d mopg;G myJ
vdJ Kf;fpakhd gjpTfs; gytw;iwg; ,dg;gLnfhiy vd;Dk; nghwpKiw
NghHf;fhyj;jpNyNa ,of;f NeHe;jp apd; cs;Nehf;fk; (motivation) fz;l
Ue;jhYk;> gNtW neUf;fbfisf; wpag;gl;L ep&gpf;fg;glNtz;baJ kpf
kpf mtrpakhFk;. mijr; rhj;jpag;g
Lj;JtJ rhjhuzkhd tplaky.
‘rHtNjrg; nghJ epWtdq;fs;’ ntsp- gzpfs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl Kb fle;J gy gjpTfisg; ghJfhf;f kpfTk; njspthd Mjhuq;fSld; $l;
Naw;wg;gl;bUe;j NghHf;fhyj;jp> ntsp Akh? Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. mtw;iwj; njhlHr; Lg; gyj;Jld; vjpHnfhs;sNtz;ba
apypUe;J td;dpf;Fs; ve;j Clfq;f rpahf ntspf;nfhz;Lte;jpUf;fpNwd;. ngUk; rth mJ.
Sk; mDkjpf;fg;glhjpUe;j epiyap> xspg;glf; fhl;rp epfo;Tfs; gytw;wpYk; xspg;gl Clftpa rhHe;j vdJ
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; rhHe;j rpy Cl Clfq;fs; gytw;wpYk; vdJ NghHf; gazj;jp> NguDgtq;fisAk; ngUe; ,yq;ifap> Jypakhd Mjhuq;f
fq;fs; kl;LNk td;dpf;Fs; ,aq;fpf; fhy xspg;glq;fis ntspg;gLj;jpap Jauq;fisAk; fz;lila NeHe;jpUf; isf; nfhz;bUf;fpw NghHf;Fw;wq;fNs
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- 94 - %d;whk;... rhH kl;lq;fsp> I.eh. Nghd;w jsq; jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
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jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 95 -
XHkj;jpd; %d;whk;... Clftpaiyf; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jfpw kf;fs; kj;jpap cUthf Ntz;Lk;.
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xU glj;ijj; jtwhf vLj;Jtpl;ljhf jkpo;j; Njrpak; vdg;gLtJ> jkpopdj; wit rhHe;j> JypakhdJk; ghugl; fpwhHfs;. ,jw;Fs; njhopw;gLfpw cs
czHe;jh> jpUk;gTk; mNj glj;ij jpd; ghJfhg;Gf; ftrkhFk;. fz;zpa rkw;wJkhd gjpTfNs> <oj;jkpopdj; tpa tpupthf Muhag;glNtz;baJ.
mNj fzj;jp vLj;JtplNt KbahJ. Kk; ghJfhg;Gk; nfhz;l $l;Lg;gyk; Jf;F vg;NghJk; gad;glf;$bait. vNyhUf;Fk; vyhKk; njupal;Lk;
fnkuhtp mLj;jLj;Njh mopj;jopj;Njh kpf;ftho;Tf;fhd cj;juthjj;ij> mjd; cz;ikfs; rhHe;j ciuahlfs;> vd;w xUtif rdehaf czHTk;
gjpTnra;Ak; trjpfs; ,Ue;jhYk;> jsj;jpypUe;Nj NfhuKbAk;. tpLjiy MNuhf;fpakhd Kd; efHTf;F mtrp Nghypr; nra;jpfspd; gutyhf;fj;Jf;
fle;j fhyj;ij kPsg; gjpTnra;aNt murparhH Kd;ndLg;Gfis xUq; akhdit. cz;ikfs; frg;ghdit Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ.
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fpilf;Fk;.) epiyaw;w fhyk; gw;wpa Lk;. Gydha;T Clftpa> jkpo;r;R+o tiyj;jsq;fs; ,j;jifa tpguPjkhd
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rhH Nehf;F epiyAlDk; xt;nthU mbg;gilahd cupikfs; kw;Wk; njLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fpd;wd.
glq;fisAk; nghWg;GzHTld; vLf;f Njitfs; rhHe;J fl;liktNjhL>
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vLf;fg;gl;l glkhdJ> epiyaw;w ,Ue;J Kd; efHtjhf ,Uf;f Ntz; Yk; r%f tiyj;jsq;fs; rhjfkhd ehLfsp> Nghypr; nra;jpfs; gw;wpa
fhyj;ijg; gjpT nra;jpUg;gjhFk;. Lk;. mj;jifa Kd; efHNt> Kw;Nghf; jhf;fq;fis> khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jp Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
,Wjp Aj;jk; jPtpukiltjw;F Kd;dH> Fj; Njrpakhf ,Uf;f KbAk;. apUf;fpd;wd. FWq;FOthjk;> ,d Clftpayp MHtKs;stHfs;> mj;
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ngaH itj;jpUe;Njd;. mg;NghJ epfo;j; ghLfs; vg;gbapUf;fpd;wd? tje;jpfs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jkpo;r; R+o Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;.
jg;gl;l vdJ xspg;glf;fhl;rpapd; nga yp tpijg;gjw;fhd fsq;fshfTk;
Uk; mJjhd;. mr;R Clfq;fspd; tPr;nriyiaj; r%f tiyj;jsq;fs; gpuNahfpf;fg;g
jhz;b> ,yj;jpudpa Clfq;fspd; Lfpd;wd.
rkfhy <oj;jkpo; Njrpak; rhH tPr;nriy tpuptile;jpUf;fpwJ.
eltbf;iffs; vg;gbapUf; Mdh> jkpo;r; R+oyp Clfq;fs; ngUk;ghYk;> r%f tiyj;jsq;fs;
fpd;wd? gytw;wpdJk; ,aq;Fepiy> ngUks topahfNt Nghypr; nra;jpfs; gug;gg;
Tf;F MNuhf;fpakhdjhf ,iy. gLfpd;wd. mit gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT
<oj;jkpo; Njrpak; rhH Kd;ndLg;Gfs;
<oj;jpYk; Gyk;ngaH jkpo;r; R+of
spYk; jkpofj;jpYk; MNuhf;fpakhd
- 96 - ghsu; GfOk;NghJk;> ez;gu;fs; nfhz; ruzile;jhd;. jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
lhLkN; ghJk>; mtd; nghWgg; py; ehd;
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NghJk; mtdplk; ,ay;ghfpapUe;j gpdd; u; mkk; htplk; xgg; ilff; gg; ll; hd.;
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,yhtfkhf Xl;l Ntz;Lk;. Fiwth Ak; vd;W nrhd;dhu;fs;. Gdu;tho;T
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ky; kpjkhd Ntfj;jpy; irf;fpis
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Lf;nfhz;lhd;. rpije;JNghd fhypy; tope;j FUjp Nghdtu;fisAk; mope;J Nghdtw; mbf;fb Nfl;ghd;. kjpa czT Kba
nkyy; gpU]l; qf; spy; Rll; ij mtd; iwAk; gw;wpNa mtu;fSk; Nfl;ldu;> xU kzpNeuk; kuj;jbapy; cs;s Xa;T
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kuq;fNshL kuq;fshf> XzhZk;> gJTk; nra;jpahfr; nrhy;yg;gl;ld. jpy; mtDf;F tptrhak; fw;gpf;fg;gl; ”Jtf;F tr;rpUf;fpw vy;yhUk; tpru;
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upYk; mtDf;F NkYk; Cu;e;J flf;f> vd;W nrhy;ypj;je;jhu;fs;. Gdu;tho;T
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ahky; efuNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,uhZt
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jfty;fSld; kPSk; mtidg; nghWg;
jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 97 -
kpsfha;r;nrb... mtDila fpuhkjj; py; ,UfF; k; tpjh ntspNa itj;Jtpl;Lj;jhd; cs;Ns
idahu; xUtupd; kidtp gj;J tl; te;jhs;.
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“jahkjp fWg;ngz;lhYk; fisahd
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“MkpAk; jhd; MAjk; tr;rpUf;F” gj;NjhL vj;jifa czu;Tg;gupkhw; ngd;rd; gzk; cl;gl vy;yhtw;iwAk; mofhf ,Ug;gts;. Nerwpapy; Br;r
“mtq;fs; Njhj;J NghNfy;iyNa” wq;fs; ,Ue;jJ vd;gij mtdhy; tl;bf;F tpLtjpy; KjyPL nra;jpUe; uhf ,Uej; hs>; mtsplk; rjP dk; nfhLg;
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Nghdhy; fhw;rl;il Nghl;l tajpy; whd;. “ehd; xz;Lk; ,y;yhky; jhNdg;gh
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gzpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhd;. mq;Nf NghFk; dpy;yhj Neuq;fspy; ghtk; jahkjpAk;
Nghnjy;yhk; “fhR vg;g jUtpdk;” fg; Nghdtd; mgg; bNa mtuf; Sld; td; kpr;rkpUe;j gzj;jpy; ey;y ,d jhAk; jhd; mtSld; ky;Yf;fl;l
vd;W Nfl;ghd;. Gdu;tho;T mikr;Rf;F thdpy; Vwpg;Ngha;tpl;lhd;. mjw;Fg; gRkhL xd;iwAk; thq;fp tpl;lhd;. Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
fbjj;jpd; Nky; fbjkhf vOjp fisj; gpwF elej; njyy; hk; ,dD; k; <uypgg; hf Kjy; ehd;F khjq;fSf;F Nfhopfs;
Jg;Nghdhd;. ntspehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; QhgfkpUej; J. rpy kuzqf; Sk; fhy; Kl;ilapltpy;iy> tl;bf;fhir jk;gp “,Q;r ghu; gps;is ,e;j khrk; Kb
jk;gp mDg;Gk; fhR mtDila FLk; rpjwpaJk; nfhQ;rk; ntk;ikahf Qhg aplKk; mkk; htplKk; thqf; p xUthW agN; ghFJ nuzL; ehspy mLjj; khr
grn; ryTfN; f Nghjtpyi; y. “muGehl; fkpUe;jJ. fl;b Kbj;jhd;. ,uz;L khjq;fs; fhRk; Nrue; j; pLk>; jkg; p tej; h nrhyY;
by; ,g;g ciof;NfyhJ mz;iz” ,y;iynaz;lh vd;u kDrd; jhd;
vd;W mtdplk; Nghdpy; Gyk;Gthd; Mdhy; mk;khit ,g;NghJ Gjpjhf jtiz ehs; jg;gpajhy; tPl;Lf;F tUthu; nrhy;ypl;ld;”
jk;gp. g];rpy; NghfTk; fbjk; mDg; czuj;njhlq;fpdhd;. mg;gh Nghdjd; te;J rj;jk;Nghl;L fhirg;gwpj;J nrd;
gTk; $l mk;khtplk; Ngha; fhR gpw;ghL mts;jhd; FLk;gj;ijj;jhq; whs; tpjhidapd; kidtp. mtSila “mtu; te;jJk; nrhy;Ywd; md;up”
Nflf; Ntzb; apUej; J. Kgg; J tajpy>; fpdhs;. mtSf;F VJk; nra;aNtz; Fuiy thrypy; Nfl;Fk;NghJ mk;kh
mkk; hTfF; cjtNtzb; a ,sej; hup- Lk; vd;W epidj;jhd;. mtNsh> mt tpw;Fg; gfPu; vd;W ,Uf;Fk;. ifJ “mtid Kjy;y Nghid vLf;f
tarpy; mg;gbg; Ngha; epw;fpNwNd Df;F ngz; ghu;f;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;. nra;J itj;jpUe;jNghJ tprhupg;gtdpd; nrhy;Y ehd; tNuf;f kl;Lk; Ms;
vd;W $rpaJ. mg;gh ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mtid tpLjiy nra;Ak;NghJ jpU Kfj;ij epkpu;e;J ghu;j;jhy; ,d;Dk; tPl;by epf;fpNwy;y”
ngupa tayf; is Fjj; iffF; vLjJ; kzk; nra;J FLk;g tho;tpy; kdij ,uz;L Fj;J mjpfkhf tpOk;> mijg;
%l;il %l;ilahf ney;iy tz;bypy; nrYj;Jk;gb Kfhk; mjpfhup nrhy;yp Nghyj;jhd; mts; tl;bg;gzk; nrYj;j ,njy;yhk; elf;Fk; ngUk;ghyhd
nfhz;LtUtJ Qhgfk; te;jJ. mg; apUe;jhu;. ngupaepiyfspy; ,Ue;j tpy;iynad;W thrypypNyh my;yJ Neuqf; spy; mtd; csN; sjhd; kiwe;
ghit xUNghJk; fl;bypy; Klq;fpg; rpyiu jpUkzk; nra;jhy;jhd; ntsp N`hypNyh Vwp epd;W Ngrj;njhlq; jpUg;ghd;. ntspNa jahkjpAk; mk;
ghuj; j; jpyi; y. mgg; hitgN; ghy jhd; apy; tpLNthk; vd;W $wpajhy; Gdu; Fk;NghJ mtSila Kfj;jpidg; khTk; mtSld; ky;Yf;fl;Lk; NghJ
,Ugg; jhf vyN; yhUk; nrhyY; kN; ghJ tho;tpNyNa jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;l ghu;j;J fijj;jhy; mtSila Fuy; jhd; cs;Ns gJq;fp ,Ug;gij
mtDs; VNjh fdf;Fk;> mjdhy; du;. mtDf;F mg;NghJ ,Ue;j mth ,d;Dk; cuj;j njhdpapy; Koq;fp epidff; mtDfF; clnyyy; hk; $Rk.;
Rk;kh vd;whYk; tay;ntspfs;> fhL vyy; hk; njhopnyhdW; NtzL; k; vdg; maytupd; fhJfis Ntypf;F mUfpy;
fSf;Fs; elf;fj;njhlq;fpdhd;. tpt jhf kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. cj;jpNahfk; vLj;J te;J itj;JtpLk;. mjdhy; xUehs;
rhak; nra;ayhk; vd;Wk; Nahrpj;jhd;. GUryl;rzk; vd;W ahNuh ahUf;Nfh mts; vdd; NgrpdhYk; mtDk; mk;
Mdhy; xw;iwf; fhY}d;wp mtdhy; nrhd;dij mbf;fb jdf;Fj;jhNd khTk; $dpfF; Wfpj; jiyftpoe; J; Nflf; “,Q;NrUq;Nfh vd;u rk;gsf;fhir
epiwa Neuk; kz;ntl;b gpbf;f Kb nrhy;yj;njhlq;fpdhd;. Kfhkpy; ,Ue;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vLj;J rPl;L xz;L fl;LtNkh ce;j
ahky; ,Ue;jJ. $ypf;F Ms; itj;J Ngapd;u Kjiy fl;b Kbg;gk;”
nra;Akstpw;F mtdplk; fhR ,Uf;f NghJ ntspapy; Ngha; vd;d nra;ag; ,J ,t;thwpUf;f mk;kh xU fy;ah
tpy;iy. xU yl;rkstpy; gzkpUe;jhy; NghfpdN; whk; vdW; Nahrpjj; gbNa ,Ue; zj;ij Kw;whf;fp tpl;lhs;> mtDk; rk;kjpj;jhd;.
rpwpa Nfhopg;gz;iz Nghl;Ltplyhk; jtDf;F Kfhiktpl;L te;j gpd;du;
vd;W tq;fp thry;fspy; Vwj;njhlq; mtDf;F ed;whf epidtpUf;fpwJ>
fpatdplk; “Nyhd; vt;tsT NtZnkz; me;j Nahrid ,d;Dk; jPtpukhfj; mts; me;j rPl;Lf;fl;Lk; Nahridia
lhYk; juyhk; jkg; p> nuzL; murhqf; njhlq;fpaJ. gy;ypLf;fpy; nghUj;jp jahkjp nrhd;d ehspd; khiyapy; jhd; ,uh-
cj;jpNahfj;ju; fuz;luh ifnaOj;J Fyd; mtSila tapw;wpy; cUth
itf;fNtz;Lk;> me;j nuz;L Ngupy apUe;j Fg;gpia fow;wp nfhLf;fhky; mts; mtDila thof; i; fapy; tej; dij mts; mtDfF; ntlf; k; topa
xuhs; vq;fl ghq;fpy rk;gsk; vLf;fp ,Ue;jpUf;fyhNkh vd;Wk; ,ilap gpd;du; ,d;Dk; nfhQ;r tho;f;if topar; nrhd;dhs;.
wtuh ,Uf;NfhZk;” vd;whu;fs;. ilNa epidf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;. tq; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij czu;e;jhd;. fhy;
fpfspd; eilKiwfs; njhlu;gpy; rypj; rpjwpaNghJ njhlq;fpa ntWg;G> tprh uhFyd; gpwe;j rpy ehl;fspy; fl;ba
“,af;fj;jpy ,Ue;j ngbaDf;F xUj; Jg;Nghdhd;. mtDila fle;jfhyk; uizapy; KjyhtJ mb jhilapy; rPl;il vLj;J tpjhidapd; kidtp
jUk; ifnaOj;J Nghlkhl;lhq;fsg;G” mtDf;F kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; ,lWk; ,wq;fpaNghJ epiwe;J tho;f;if apd; flid ehd;F tUlj;jpd; gpd;
miytpd; Kbtpy; mkk; h nrhdd; hs.; fl;ilahf khwpaJ. KOtJNk Ngha;tpl;lJ vd;Nw fUjp milj;jhu;fs;. ,uhFyid jd;Dila
mkk; h jhd; xNu MWjy.; ,aff; jj; pwF; Kbtpy; tq;fpfspy; ek;gpf;if ,oe;J dhd;> tpLjiyahdNghJk; fl;bypy; njhlu;jy; 98k; gf;fk;
Nghf Kdd; Uk; mkk; h ,tt; sT ghr NtW topapy;yhky; tl;bf;Fg; gzk; RUz;L fple;jNghJk; me;j me;jupg;Ng
khdtshf ,Ue;jhsh vd;W $l ,g; thq;fptpLtJ vd;W KbT nra;jhd;. mtDld; tsu;e;J te;jJ. Mdhy;
jahkjp me;j me;jupg;igj; J}f;fp
- 98 - “rrP r; P ehd; kww; it khjpup fhr thqf; p jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
cd;id Vkhj;jkhl;ld; FQ;R> eP
kpsfha;r;nrb... xzL; k; nguprh nraa; jN; jitapyi; y> nfhz;L mts; nra;tij cd;dpg;ghf
mkhtiraz;L ,uT gd;nuz;L ghu;j;jgbapUg;gij Btpf;F Kd;dhy;
97k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... jhd;. fhspapd; rpiyf;F Kd;dhy; kzpf;F gpwF MUf;Fk; njupahk Fsj; ,Uf;Fk; <rp nraupy; ,Ue;jgb mtd;
mku;e;J nfhz;l fpotu;. ifapy; fj; jpy; %z;L juk; KOfPl;L mg;gpbNa ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,uhFyDk;
tho;tpd; mu;j;jkhf ghu;j;jhd;> vg; jpiaAk; Njrpf;fha;iaAk; vLj;J <ujN; jhl Ngha; fsth kpsfha; fzL; gupahupahuplk; rhj;jpuk; Nfl;f te;jp
NghJk; Foei; jia tplL; g; gpupahky; ,uhFydpd; jiyapy; itj;J VNjh xz;L gpLq;fpf; nfhz;L te;J cd;u Ue;jjhy; mk;kh vd;d nra;fpd;whs;
,Ue;jhd;. ,uhFyDk; grpf;fhj rk KZKZj;J tpl;L Njrpf;fhia ntl;b thry;y el NtZk;” vdW; mtDfF; k; tpsqf; papUff; Ntz;
aq;fspy; jahkjp Nfl;lhy; $l mt- ifia cjwpdhu;> %d;Wk; epkpu;e;J Lk;.
dplkpUe;J ,wq;fpg;Nghfkhl;lhd;. tPo;e;jJ. VNjh jhak; tpisahLt “el;lh rupNah”
ijg;Nghy ,uhFyd; mjid Ntbf; Btpapy; nra;jpfs; Ngha;f;nfhz;bUe;
“ghg;gh NtZnkz;L thtd; ,Uf;F” ifahf rpupj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. “nghW FQ;R nrhy;Ywj Nfs;> xt; jJ. mtDila fpuhkjj; pwF; mUfpy;
nthU ehSk; fhyik mJf;F jz;zp cs;s fpuhkj;jpy; Gypfspd; ntbngh
vdW; jahkjp fbeJ; fn; fhsS; kN; ghJ “xz;Lk; gag;glj;Njitapy;iy FQ; Cj;jPl;L cdf;F vd;d NtZNkh Ul;fs; kPl;fg;gl;bUg;gjhfTk; mjd;
mtd; FYq;fpf;FYq;fp rpupg;ghd;> Rfs>; rpdd; f; FQR; fF; xU gpurr; pid mj nrhy;yp me;j kpshfha; fz;l nghUl;L rpyu; ifJ nra;ag;gl;bUg;
jahkjpf;Fg; gpwF mtd; fz;zPu; Ak; ,y;iy> vy;yhk; Rfkh KbAk;” gps;isa jlTw khjpup jltpj;jltp gjhfTk; nra;jpapy; gugug;ghff; fhl;
tUksT rpupf;Fk; jUzq;fisj; Mu; cdf;F njhy;iy FLf;fPdNkh> bdhu;fs;. ifapYk; clypYk; Rke;J
jUgtdhf ,uhFyd; ,Ue;jhd;. cz;ikNah ngha;Nah mtDf;F mt vd;d NtZNkh mj me;j fz;bl;l jpupe;j ntbnghUl;fis Ngg;gu;fspy;
Uila nrhy; ekg; pfi; fiaAk; kfpor; ; nrhyy; p nrhyy; p xU topfhll; r; nrhy; Rw;wp jpiuapy; ghu;j;J me;epakhf
uhFydpd; ,uz;lhtJ gpwe;jehs; rpiaAk; mspj;jJ . ypf; Nfs; cd;u gpur;rpid KbQ;rpLk;” czu;e;jhd;.
nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd;NghJ mtDila
Nfhopf;$L jPg;gpbj;J vupe;jJ. ,u ,uhZtKfhkpw;F ifOj;jplg;Nghd fhR nrytopjJ; VJk; nraa; rn; rhyy; p mtdUfpy; ,Ue;j mk;kh “vd;d jk;gp
NthL ,uthf nfhOe;Jtpl;nlupe;j td; toikahf mtid tprhupf;Fk; apUe;jhy; mtd; mjid nra;jpUf;f ,J?” vd;whs;.
neUgg; py; 25 Nfhop $l kpQr; tpyi; y. ,sk; mjpfhupaplk; kfdpd; epiyia khl;lhd;. mtDf;F mjpy nguprh
md;W mizf;fg;gl;l neUg;G ,d; nrhyy; p fzf; yqf; pdhd.; ”,gg; `hl; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhl;bAk; mtd; nra; “MuhtJ ghjhs cyff;fhuu;l MA
ndhU tbtj;jpy; mq;Nf vupaj;njhlq; xg;Nurd; vy;yhk; rpd;d tplak;> Nahrpf; ahtpl;lhy; jhNk mijr; nra;tjhf jqf; sh ,UfF; k>; ,tqf; SfF; vij
fpaij mg;NghJ mtd; mwpatpy;iy. fhijAq;Nfh te;J ghu;f;fpwd;” vd;W mk;khTk; jahkjpAk; nrhd;dhu;fs;. naLj;jhYk; Gypjhd;”
MWjy; nrhd;dhd;. ve;j topapyhtJ ey;yfhyk; gpwf;fhjh
kzP L; k; tpjhidapd; kidtpapd; thr vd;W mkhthiraputpy; kpsfha;fd;W mtd; nrhy;yp Kbf;fTk; thrypy;
ypy; Ngha; epd;whd;. jk;gp mDg;gpa fhrpYk; tpjhidahupd; jpUl mtDk; fpsk;gpdhd;. xU ntsi; s epw thd; teJ; epwf; Tk;
kidtp tlb; fF; j; jej; fhrpYk; ,uh- rupahf ,Ue;jJ. mLj;j fzk; ,uh
“,g;g 12 tPjk; tl;b jk;gp” FyDf;F rj;jpu rpfpr;ir ntw;wpahf VNjNjh epidj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jt Zt cilazpe;jtu;fSk; mzpah
Kbe;jJ. jahkjpAk; mk;khTk; Nfhapy; Df;F gupahupapd; fufuj;j Fuy; kPz; jtu;fSkhf Vnol;L Ngu; Kul;Lj;j
“guthapy;iy md;up je;jpLtd;” Nfhapyhf Ngha;tuj; njhlq;fpdu;> Lk; fhjpy; tpOe;jJ. xw;iwab ghij dkha; Nfw;iwj; jpwe;J Ntfkhf
Neuj; j; pnayy; hk; gypjj; jwF; mtuf; s; Fsj;jpd; Fspf;Fk; gbf;fl;L ,Ue;j N`hypw;Fs; Eioe;jdu;. ,td; fl;b
Mdhy; neUg;G NtW tpjkhf jpl;l flTsplk;gl;l flid Kjypy; milf;f ,lj;jpid fle;J xbaJ> Ntfkhf ypy; ,Ue;J Rjhfupj;J vOtjw;Fs;
kpl;bUe;jJ. jPu;khdpj;jdu;. rej; b nraa; hky; Fsjj; py; ,wqf; pdhd.; Kd;dhy; Xbte;j jbdkhdtd;
xU Kiw khu;fopf;Fspupy; Fsnkhd; mtid vl;b cijj;Jj; js;s NtW
kPz;Lk; Nfhop thq;fpdhd;. Neha; te;J uhFydpd; rj;jpurpfpr;ir Kbe;J %d;W wpd; mUfpy; ,Ue;j ,uhZt epiyia ,Utu; mtid klf;fpg; gpd;dhy;
mNdfk; ,we;JNghf> kpFjpia fhg; khjk; fopj;J Kjy; Mshf te;J NtTghu;f;ff; Fsj;jpy; fOj;jsT jz; ifiag; gpbj;J tpyq;F Nghl;ldu;.
ghw;w kUe;J thq;fTk;> itj;jpaUf;F epd;whs; tpjhidahupd; kidtp. zPupy; kzpj;jpahyf; fzf;fhf mt jahkjpAk; mk;khTk; Xb te;J mt
fl;lzk; nrYj;jTk; mq;fhq;Nf Cupy; Dk; rf NtT Nghuhsp xUtDk; ,Ue; idf; fl;bg;gpbj;J Fowpdu;.
rpdd; rpdd; fld; thqf; pdhd.; mtD “ngbaDf;F Vyhnjz;Ljhd; tNuy;y> jJ Qhgfk; te;jJ.
ila Kfj;jpw;fhf gyu; nfhLj;jhu; jk;gp tPl;l rupahd ,Wf;fk; tl;bf; “Nru; vdd; gpurr; pid” vdW; Nfll; hd.;
fs;. fhR NtZk;” Fsj;jpy; ,wq;fp %d;W Kiw %o;fp mtu;fspy; rw;W tajhdtd; Nghy;
vOe;jhd;. Njhw;wkspj;jtd; “cq;fspl;l tprh
xU ehs; toikNghy ,uhZtKfh “Xk; md;up je;jpLwd;” uiz nra;a Ntz;b ,Uf;F” vd;whd;.
kpwF; nrdW; ifnaOjJ; ,lL; tplL; mg;gbNa fiuNawp kpsfha; Njhl;
toikahd tprhuizfs; Kba jpUk; mtSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; Vida rpd;dr; lq;fs; ,Ue;j gf;fk; Nghdhd;. Njhl; mLj;j fzk; mtd; ju juntd;W
gptUk;NghJ ,uhFyd; kaq;fp tpOe; rpd;d fld;fhuu;fs; te;J thrypy; lqf; SfF; eLtpy; xU ngupa guzpy; ,Oj;Jr;nry;yg;gl;lhd;. jahkjpAk;
jpUe;jhd;. gupNrhjpj;jNghJ `hl;by; epd;whu;fs;. jahkjpapd; rk;gsj;ij fhty; nfhl;by; xd;W njupe;jJ. nfhl; mk;khTk; thid njhlu;e;J Xb Nuhl;
Xl;il ,Uf;F xg;Nurd; nra;aNtz; itj;Jk; mtDila NfhopfshYk; bypy; xU yhe;ju; tpsf;F vupe;J by; RUz;L tPo;e;jdu;> thd; Nghd
Lk; vd;whu;fs;. me;j neUf;fbfis rkhspf;f Kba nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,uz;L kdpjj;jiy gpd;du;jhd; maytu;fs; $bdu;. ,U
tpy;iy. fld;fhuu;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; fs; njspthfj;njupe;jd. mtd; rl; tUk; mbjJ; itjJ; f; fjj; pdu>; mLjj;
FLkg; Nk ,beJ; NghdJ. jahkjpAk; jdi; kahf Nfll; tuf; s; nkyy; nkyy; nld;W fPNo gLj;J xU cLk;Ngh rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs; gj;jpupf
mk;khTk; Cupy; cs;s xU Nfhapy; cuj;jFuypy; jbj;j thu;j;ijfs; Ngrp my;yJ ghk;Ngh vd;W re;Njfg; glj; ifahsuf; s; teJ; Nrue; j; du.; jahkjp
tplhky; Neu;j;jp itj;jdu;> gps;isahu; du;. jahkjp ,utputhf mOjhs;> jf;f tifapy; tise;J tise;J iaAk; mk;khitAk; nghyprpy; tof;F
glj;jpd; Kd;dhy; XupU Kiw ,uhF mk;khTk; mOjhs;> ,UtiuAk; Cujn; jhlqf; pdhd.; njhll; hy; RUqf; p NghLkhW mtu;fs; MNyhrid nrhd;
yDf;fhf mtDk; ahUf;Fk; njupah ghu;j;J ,uhFyd; mOjhd;. Klf; s; clypy; ijgg; ijf$; lgn; ghUl; dhu;fs;. ,UtiuAk; gj;jpupifahsu;
ky; mOjhd;. rjhru;t fhyKk; ,uh- gLj;jhky; jd; ntw;Wliy kpf Ntf fs; JUtpj;JUtp Nfl;ldu;.
Fyid neQ;rpy; Nghl;lgb miye; “Vdb ,g;gpb xg;ghup itf;fpwha;? khfTk; yhtfkhfTk; efuj; j; pf; nfhzL;
jhd;. ghu; ngbad; ghjJ; mOfpwhd>; tUj; me;j gioa NtTf;fhud; kpsfha;j; “Vd; cq;fl fztu gpbr;rt?”
jf;fhu ngbaid ,d;Dk; tUj;jf; Njhl;lj;ij Nehf;fp efu;e;jhd;.
“rpk;gps; xg;Nurd; jhd; xU ehY fhud; Mff; NghwpNah” vdW; fjJ; thd.; “cq;fl kfd; ve;j gilazpy ,Ue;
yl;rk; KbAk;” vd;whu;fs; itj;jpau; mtdpUf;Fk; taypy; ,Ue;J ehd;fh jtu;?”
fs.; ,uhFyDfF; Fzkhf NtzL; k; jahkjpAk; fz;iz rl;nld;W Jilj; tJ taYf;F eLtpy; fhty; guZk;
vdg; J klL; Nk mtdJk; jahkjpapd Jf; nfhz;L ,uhFyid ms;sp mjd;Nky; nfhl;bYk; njupe;jJ. mNd “xU gps;is jhNdh? vg;g fypahzk;
Jk; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,uhFyDf;F mizj;Jj; Njw;wj; njhlq;Fths;. fkhf mtu;fspy; xUtd; ,bad; nra;jdpas;?”
jdf;F VNjh vd;W Gupe;jJ. mbf;fb Jtf;Nfh> fl;Lj;Jtf;Nfh itj;jpUg;
fpspdpf; vd;W aho;g;ghzk; NghtJ xUehspy mLj;jLj;Njh my;yJ xNu ghd; vd;W mtDf;F njupAk;. taYf; “mtUf;F vj;jpid taR?”
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jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 99 -
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fsp ,Ue;Jk; NghLthHfs;. ,J vq; tpkhdq;fs; vdf;F Neu Kd;Df;F rpy epiwar; rdk; fj;Jw rj;jk; kl;Lk; Nld;. ,tH Vw;fdNt gpupj;jhdpa
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,Ue;jJ. mt;tsT ntspr;rk;. tpkh tpguj;ijAk; vLf;fyhk; vz;L Mz;L Nk khjk; 30k; jpfjp lg;spd;
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- 100 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
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ldH. ,jd; XH mq;fkhfNt ,dthjr; yp ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; ,e;jpa tk; 1958 eilngw;w jkpoH kPjhd ,dg; ff; fUjg;l;l jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzp
rpe;jidfs; jiyJ}f;fj; njhlq;fpd. rhtopj; jkpoHfNs. gLnfhiy Kaw;rp tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj; jkpoH gFjpfsp jdpehL Nfhupf;
ifia Kd;itj;J 1977 NjHjyp
fz;b> fk;gis efuq;fsp rpq;fstH 1948 ,yq;if muR eilKiwg;g Jtk; ngwNtz;banjhd;whFk;. Rje;
fspd; ngufuh tpoh elg;gJ toik. Lj;jpa FbAupikr; rl;lk; rpy ,yl;rk; jpuj;Jf;Fg; gpd;> rpWghd;ikahf thOk; ngUntw;wp ngw;wJ. mij mLj;J>
,e;j tpohit Kd;dpl;L> tPjpfs; kiyafj;jkpoHfspd; tho;itg; gwpj; jkpoUf;F vjpuhf elj;jg;gl;l ehL jkpo;g; gFjpfSf;F ntspNa thOk;
topNa CHtyq;fs; eilngWk;. mt; jJ. ,yq;ifap nkhj;j rdj;njh jOtpa td;Kiw ,JthFk;. jkpoUf;F vjpuhf td;Kiwfs; elj;
thW CHtyq;fs; nrYk; NghJ ifap 11.7 tpOf;fhlhf ,Ue;j ,tH ,e;j ,dtopg;G Kaw;rpfs; 1958 Nk jg;gl;ld.
gs;spthrfs; Kd;G mikjpahfr; fsp 0.7 tpOf;fhL kf;fSf;Nf Fb 22 Kj Nk 27 tiu ,lk;ngw;wd. mDuhjGuk;> nfhOk;G cl;gl gy
nryNtz;Lk; vd ,];yhkpaH Nfl; Aupik fpilj;jJ. VidNahH ehlw;w ,e;j td;Kiwia nghJthf ,df;f gFjpfspYk; jkpoHfs; jhf;fg;gl;ldH.
Lf;nfhz;ldH. tHfshff; fUjjg;gl;ldH. ytuk; vd;Nw mioj;jdH. Mdh ,J ,jp Mapuj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l jkpoHfs;
,ijj; njhlHe;J te;j gj;J Mz; Kw;wpYk; ,dtopg;ghfNt elj;jg;gl; nfhyg;gl;ldH. mur tprhuiz nfh
,JNt 1915 Nkap eilngw;w rpq;fs- Lfsp fzprkhd ,e;jpa tk;rhtopj; lJ. fzprkhd jkpoHfs; nfhyg;gl; yg;gl;NlhH vz;zpf;if 300 vd;Nw
,];yhkpa NkhjYf;Ff; fhuzkhapw;W. jkpoH ntspNaw;wg;gl;ldH. Ngupdth ldH. jkpoHfspd; cilikfs; ngU njuptpj;jJ. MdhYk; ,j;njhif gy
,yq;if tuyhw;wp Kjd;Kiwahf jk; ,yq;ifap jkpoHfspd; vz;zpf; kstp Nrjkhf;fg;gl;ld. nfhs;is- klq;F mjpfkhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W
murpa uPjpahf xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l ifiaf; Fiwg;gjw;F> murpa mjp aplg;gl;ld. mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
Kj ,df;fytukhfNt ,e;j Nkhj fhuj;jp jkJ ngUk;ghd;ikiaj; njhlHe;J 1972 nfhz;Ltug;gl;l Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhH mtHfspd; tPL
iyf; fUJfpd;wdH. ,e;j Nkhjyp jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l jug;gLj;j vd;w ftpKiwNa jkpo; fsp ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;ldH.
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ,];yhkpaH nfh Kaw;rpNa. khztHfspilNa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj; md;iwa Ml;rpap ,Ue;j N[. MH.
yg;gl;ldH. ngUthupahd tzpf epW 1956 Ml;rpaikj;j gz;lhuehaf;fh jpa ,d xLf;FKiw epfo;thFk;. n[atHjdh jiyikapyhd ,yq;if
tdq;fs; nfhs;isaplg;gl;ld. Vwf; muR Ml;rpnkhopahf ,Ue;j Mq;fp fhye;NjhWk; ftpap rpwe;J tpsq;fpa murpd; MjuNthL ,e;j ,dtopg;G
Fiwa 7 ehl;fs; ,e;j Nkhj njhlHe; yj;ij mfw;wp> jdpr;rpq;fsj;ij Ml;rp jkpoupd; ftpg; gyj;ijf; Fiwj;J> td;Kiwfs; epfo;j;jg;gl;ld.
jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,J cz;ikap fytuk; nkhopahf;fpaJ. jkpoHfs; ,ij rpq;fstupd; ftpj; jfikia mjp- 1977 ,dtopg;G eltbf;ifiaj;
my. Fwpj;j ,dj;jpd; kPJ Kd;nd vjpHj;jdH. fupf;fr; nra;a Kw;gl;l ,d tpNuhjr; njhlHe;J jkpoHfspd; MAjg;Nghuhl;
Lf;fg;gl;l mopg;G eltbf;ifNa. ,J 1956 A+d; 5k; ehs; ehs;> jdpr;rpq;fsr; nraw;ghlhfNt ,J mike;jJ. lk; jPtPuk; ngwj;njhlq;fpaJ. fhNthl;
Kw;wpYk; ,dg;gLnfhiyf;fhd Fw; rl;lj;Jf;F vjpuhf ,yq;ifj; jkpo ,dtpfpjhrhu mbg;gilap gf lj;jp ,J ,yq;ifauRf;Fk; jkpoH
wr;rhl;Lf;FupaJ. uRf; fl;rpapd; jiyikap fhypKfj; iyf;fofq;fSf;F khztiuj; NjHT jug;Gf;Fkhd NghuhfNt khwpaJ.
jplyp xU mwtopg; Nghuhl;lk; Kd; Kad;w ,e;jf; ftpj; jpl;lj;ijj; ,e;j Aj;jj;ij rhf;fhff; nfhz;L
,e;j Nkhjiy mlf;Fk; Nehf;fj;NjhL ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. xU rpq;fs td;K jkpoHfs; fLikahf vjpHj;jdH. Ngup ,yq;ifauR elj;jpa ,dtopg;G el
gpupj;jhdpa muR E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd iwf; Fk;g ,tHfisj; jhf;fpaJ. dthjj;jpd; mOj;jk; khzt r%fj;ij tbf;iffs; Vuhsk;.
rpq;fstHfisr; Rl;Lf;nfhd;wpUf;fpd; ,e;j td;Kiwia jLf;fg; ghHj;Jf; Neubahfg; ghjpj;j epfo;thfTk; ,J 1983 eilngw;w ,dtopg;Ng kpf
wJ. nfhz;bUe;j fhtw;JiwapdH ve;j mike;jJ. rptFkhud; Nghd;NwhH Nkhrkhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jpa
Kaw;rpiaAk; Nkw;nfhs;stpiy. ,e;j MAjtopap jkJ vjpHg;igf; fhl;l td;KiwahFk;. ,yq;ifapd; cs;sf
,jp ifjhd rpq;fsj; jiytHfis td;Kiw gytplq;fSf;Fg; gutpaJ. Kide;jikf;F ,f;ftpKiwNa fhu ,dtopg;ig cyfehLfs; XusT
fLikahfg; Nghuhb tpLtpj;jtH jkp 150 Nkw;gl;l jkpoHfs; gLnfhiy zkhFk;. ,JnthU jpl;ltl;lkhd czHe;J nfhs;s ,t;tpdtopg;Ng
ouhd NrH.nghd;.,uhkehjd;. ,];yh nra;ag;gl;ldH. ,JNt ,yq;if ,dtopg;G eltbf;ifahfNt ,Ue; fhuzkhdJ.
kpaH jkpoHfs; kPJ ntWg;Gf; nfhs; ,dg;gpur;rpidap jkpoH> rpq;fs;> jJ.
tjw;F ,JTk; xU fhuzk; vd V.
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fl;Liunahd;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH.
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cs;shl;Lg; gpujpepjpfspd; njhif
nkynky mjpfupf;f rl;lrigap
rpq;fstHfspd; Mjpf;fKk; mjpfupj;
jJ. NrH. nghd;. mUzhryk; cU
thf;fpa ,yq;if Njrpa fhq;fpurpYk;
rpq;fstH jkpoUf;F cupa ,lj;ij
toq;ftpiy. jkpo;j;jiytHfs; rpq;
fstNuhL xw;Wikiag; NgzNt tpUk;
gpdH vdpDk; rpq;fstH jkJ ngUk;
ghd;ikg; gyk; Clhfj; jkpoHfis
xLf;fNt Kad;wdH. ,yq;ifapd;
ngUk;ghd;ik caH mur gjtpfsp
jkpoHfs; ,Ue;jikAk; kUj;Jtk;>
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vd;w ftpj;jfikrhH njhopfSk;
jkpoHfs; trNk ,Ue;jd. ,it
mbg;gilap ntWg;GzHitj; Njhw;
Wtpf;f tha;g;Gfs; cz;L.
,yq;ifapd; rl;lg; Nguitap jpU.
kfhNjth Nghd;w jkpo;g; gpujpepjpfs;
mq;fk; ngw;wpUe;jdH. ,tHfsp
ngUk;ghyhNdhH njd;dpyq;ifiaNa
tho;tplkhff; nfhz;ltHfs;. ,tHfs;
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fhd Kiwahd gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijAk;
cupikfisAk; Nfl;Lg; ngWtjp
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jha;tPL • Nk May 2019 - 105 -
ngsj;j rka rPHjpUj;j ,af;fKk;
Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jj;jpd; Njhw;wKk;
19k; E}w;whz;b 8tJ mj;jpahak; (gf;. 171 - 1961) Gul; (vjpHg;G) vd;w nrhiy ngaj;jj;jpd; - f. rz;Kfypq;fk; -
Vw;gl;l khw;wk;: l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk; (Protestant Bud- milnkhopahf NrHj;Jf; $wpa NghJ>
dhism) vd;Dk; jiyg;gp ,t;tplaq; mjp cs;slq;fpAs;s ,U tplaq; Uj;jk; ,uz;L fhuzpfsh J}z;Lj
19k; E}w;whz;L ,yq;ifapd; ngsj;j fis kpfTk; njspthd Kiwap RUf; fis vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhH.
rka tuyhw;wp xU jpUg;G Kidahd fpf;$WfpwJ. nfhk;gpupl;[;> xf;];Nghul; nkfl;Ltj;Nj Fzhde;j NjuH> me- ngw;wJ mtw;Ws; Kjd;ikahdJ
fhyk; vd;W $wyhk;. me;E}w;whz;bd; gfiyf;fofj;jp ngsj;j fw;iff fhupf jHkghy Nghd;wtHfspd; ngsj;j
Kbtp rpq;fs kf;fspd; xU rpW gpup Sf;fhd epWtdj;jpd; Kd;dhs; gzpg; rka vOr;rp ,af;fk; fpwp];jtj;jpw;F mnkupf;fuhd Xnfhl; mtHfspd;
tpdH kj;jpap Gjpa ,aGfisf; ghsuhthH. 1976 - 2004 fhyg;gFjpap vjpuhd ‘Protest’ (vjpHg;G) MFk;.
nfhz;l ngsj;jk; xd;W cUthfpap mtH xf;];NghHl; gfiyf; fofj;jpd; mt;thW Njhd;wpa ngsj;j vjpHg;G tUifahFk;. ,tH 1990k; Mz;L
Ue;jJ. kuGtopg; ngsj;jj;jp ,Ue;J rk];fpUjg; NguhrpupauhfTk; gzpahw;
NtWgl;l ,g;ngsj;jk;> efuk;rhH kj; wpdhH. fzehj; xgaNrfutpd; khzt ,af;fk;> ,yq;ifapd; kuG topg; ,yq;if te;jhH. ,tH ,yq;iff;F
jpaju tHf;fj;jpd; kjkhff; nfhOk;G ngsj;jj;jpd; vjpHg;ghf> mj;d kWj
efiu ikakhff; nfhz;L cUthdJ. uhd nfhk;gpupl;[; 1988 fzehj; xg- ypg;ghfTk; ,Ue;jJ. tU Kd;dNu ,e;jpa rkaq;fsp <L
mf;fhyj;jp ngsj;jHfNshL fpwp];jt aNrfu mtHfSld; ,ize;J Nkw; ,t;tpU fhuzq;fshYk; etPd rPHjp
kprdupfs; fLikahd Nghl;bap <L Fwpj;j ‘epiykhw;wk; ngw;w ngsj;jk;: Uj;j ngsj;jk; ‘Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj; ghL fhl;bdhH. ,tH 1875k; Mz;b
gl;bUe;jdH. ngsj;jHfspilNa cU ,yq;ifap rka khw;wk;’ (Buddhism jk;’ Mf tpsq;fpaJ. mbg;gilahd
thfpa ,g;ngsj;jj;jpd; ,aGfis Transformed: Religious Change in Ceylon) ,e;j tiutpyf;fzj;Jld; Muk;gpf;Fk; mnkupf;fhtp ‘jpNahNrhgpf;f
mf;fhyj;jp ‘mq;spf;fd;’ jpUr;rig vd;w E}iyAk; vOjpdhH. ,t;tpthjk; mefhupf jHkghy jiy
apd; gpr\;g;ghf ,Ue;jtH milahsk; Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk; vd;w vz; ikapyhd ngsj;j rPHjpUj;jthjk;> nrhirl;b’ (gpuk;kQhd rq;fk;) vd;w
fz;L “,d;W ,yq;ifap ,uz;L zf; fUit Kjd; Kj mwpKfk; fpwp];jtk; ifahz;l mNj topKi-
ngsj;jq;fs; cs;sd” vd;W Fwpg;gpl; nra;jtH fzehj; xgaNrfH mtHfNs wfisf; ifahz;L> fpwp];jtj;ij mikg;ig njhlq;fpatHfsp xUt
lhH. mtH ,f;$w;iwf; $wpaJ 1892k; MtH. 1970 fsp mtH vOjpa fl;Liu vjpHj;Jg; gpurhu ,af;fq;fis elj;
Mz;b MFk;. xd;wp ,t;tplak; gw;wp tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. jpaNjhL> fpwp];jt tpOkpaq;fis uhtH. mnkupf;f cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jp
gpd;dH ,f; fUj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Ak;> Nkw;fj;ija gz;ghl;L mk;rq;f
INuhg;gpa gz;ghl;bd; jhf;fj;jpw;F fpj;rpwp kynfhlTk; 1976 jhk; vO isAk; $l cs;thq;fpf;nfhz;L Gul; gq;Fgw;wpa ,uhZt tPuH Mfpa ,tH
cl;glhj fpuhkpa kf;fspd; ngsj;jk;> jpa E}yp tpsf;fq;fs; je;Js;shH l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jkhf cUkhw;wk;
efuk; rhH kj;jpa tFg;gpd; ngsj;jk; vd;gijAk; ,t;tplj;jp Fwpg;gpLj ngw;wnjd fzehj; xgaNrfu tpsf; Xa;Tngw;w gpd; Mj;kpfthjpahfp fpof;
vd ,U ngsj;j rkaq;fs; cs;sd Ntz;Lk;. fpdhH. nfhk;gpupl;[; cld; NrHe;J
vd;gNj mtH $w;wpd; cl;nghUshFk;. xgaNrfu vOjpa Gfo;ngw;w E} fj;ija Njr rkaq;fsp <LghL
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;b ngsj;jk; gw; Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk; ,f;fUj;ij tpupthfg; gy Nfhzq;
wpa Kf;fpakhd Ma;Tfis ntspapl;l tiutpyf;fzk;: fspYk; tpsf;fpaJ. nfhz;ltuhfTk;> fpwp];jtwj;jpd; vjp
ngHnrl; Bercherb fpj;rpwpkynfhl>
fzehj; xgaNrfu> nfhk;gpupl;[;> vr;.v. ‘Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk;’ vd;w Xnfhl; tUif: upahfTk; nraw;gl;lhH. ghze;Jiw
nrddtpuj;jd Mfpa Ma;thsHfs; njhliu mwpKfk; nra;j fzehj;
ngsj;j rkaj;jp Vw;gl;l khw;wq;f xgaNrfu mj;njhlup cs;s ‘Protest’ 19k; E}w;whz;b ngsj;j rka rPHjp tpthjj;ijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;l
isAk;> ,k;khw;wq;fspd; gadhf kuG
topg; ngsj;jj;jp ,Ue;J NtWgl;l ,tH 1890k; Mz;b nfhOk;Gf;F
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efuk; rhHe;j kj;jpaju tFg;gpduplk; te;jhH. ,tH ngsj;jj;jpd; fpwp];jt
Njhd;wpapUg;gjidAk; jk; Ma;T E}
fs;> fl;Liufs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jp kj vjpHg;G eltbf;iffSf;F cjtp
dhHfs;. ,g;ngsj;jk; Ma;thsHfshy;
‘Gjpa ngsj;jk;’ (New Buddhism), dhH. ngsj;j jpNahNrhgpf;f rig
ngsj;j etPdj;Jtk; (Buddhist Mod-
ernism) ‘Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk;’ (BTS) nfhOk;gp jiyikafj;ij
(Protestant Buddhism) vdg; gythwhf
miof;fg;gl;lJ. rpy Ma;thsHfs; mikj;jJ. mefhupf jHkghy ,r;
,jid murpa ngsj;jk; (Political
Buddhism) vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. Gjp rigapd; Kf;fpa nghWg;Gf;fis Vw;
aJ. etPdkhdJ> rPHjpUj;j vjpHg;G jd;
ikAilaJ (Protestant) ‘murpa rhHe; Wr; nraw;gl;lhH. Xnfhl;-gpsthl;];fp
jJ’ Mfpa milnkhopfis ,izj;J
Nkw;Fwpj;j Ma;thsHfs; 19k; E}w; mk;ikahH Nghd;w jpNahNrhgp];L
whz;b eilngw;w Gfo;ngw;w ghze;
Jiw tpthjk; (1873) vd;w epfo;Tf;Fg; fis fpj;rpwp kynfhl vd;w Ma;
gpe;jpa fhyj;jpd; rka vOr;rpiaAk;>
r%f gz;ghl;L khw;wq;fisAk; tpg thsH ‘kprdup vjpHg;G kprdupfshd
upj;jdH. ,t; Ma;Tfsp nfhk;gpupl;[;
kw;Wk; fzehj; xgaNrfu vOjpa (Anti - Missionary Missionaries) jpNah
‘Buddhism Transformed : Religious change
in Ceylon’ (1988) vd;Dk; E} ngsj;j Nrhgp];Lfs;’ vd;W kpfg; nghUj;jkhd
rkaj;jp Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fis ‘Gul;
l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk;’ (Protestant Bud- njhluh tUzpj;jhH. jpNahNrhgp];
dhism) vd;w njhluh tpgupj;jJ. etPd
fhyj;jp ngsj;jj;jp Vw;gl;l khw; Lfspd; vjpHg;G eltbf;iffsp mj;
wq;fis tpsf;Fk; ,t; vz;zf; fUit
tpsf;FtJk;> ,t; vz;zf;fUtpd; jifa jPtpuk; ntspg;gl;lJ. mJ kl;
JizAld; 19k; 20k; E}w;whz;Lfsp
,yq;ifap Vw;gl;l rka khw;wq;f Lkyhk Gul;l];jhe;jpa kjj;jpd;
spd; gpd;dzpia tpsf;FtJk; vdJ
,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,f;fl; gpurhu cj;jpfis Gul;l];jhe;jpa
Liuia vOJtjw;F ehd; gpujhd
crhj;Jizahf nfhk;gpupl;[; vOjpa fpwp];jtr; #oyp ,Ue;J te;j jpNah
‘Njuthj ngsj;jk; gz;ila thuzhrp
Kj etPd nfhOk;G tiuahd r%f Nrhgp];Lfs; gpuNahfpj;jNjhL> ,yq;
tuyhW’ Theravada Buddhism : A Social
History from Ancient Benares to Modern ifapd; ngsj;jHfSf;F jiyikj;J
Colombo - 2014) vd;w E}iyg; gad;g
Lj;jpAs;Ndd;. Fwpg;ghf ,e;E}ypd; tj;ijAk; toq;fpdH.
xnfhl; tUif vd;gJ Kjd;ikahd
J}z;Lj vd;wh ,uz;lhtjhd ,d;
ndhU J}z;LjYk; ngsj;j rPHjpUj;
jthjj;jpw;Fj; Jizahf mike;jJ
vd;gijAk; nfhk;gpupl;[; Nghd;w Ma;
thsHfs; vLj;jf; fhl;bdH. 19k; E}w;
whz;bd; gpw;gFjpap Nfhg;gpr; nra;
ifAk;> mjidj; njhlHe;J tsHr;rp
ngw;w Njapiyj; Njhl;lg; nghUshjhu
KiwAk; kpf mbg;gilahd r%f
nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpd.
,jd; gadhf rpq;fs - ngsj;jHfs;
kj;jpap nrte;jHfshd Kjyhspfs;
cl;gl caH njhopfsp cs;NshH>
kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpdH vdg; gy gpup
tpdHfisAk; cs;slf;fpa gbj;j ef
uk; rhH tHf;fq;fs; cUthfpd. X
nfhl; jiyikapyhd ngsj;j rPHjp
Uj;jthjpfs; tpijj;j fUj;Jf;fs;
gbj;j kj;jpa jutHf;fk; vd;w tskhd
epyj;jp tpOe;j tpj;Jf;fs; Nghd;w
mike;jd. ,k;kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpd;
vOr;rp ,yhk etPd ngsj;jkhfpa
Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk; cUg;ngw;
wpUj;j KbahJ.
rPHjpUj;jthj ,af;fj;jpd;
gpurhu cj;jpfs;:
Gul;l];jhe;jpa fpwp];jtHfSk;> fj;
Njhypf;fHfSk; jkJ kjk; gug;Gk;
gzpap %d;W rhjdq;fis kpfTk;
jpwikahd Kiwap ifahz;ldH.
ghlrhiyfis mikj;J Mq;fpyf;
njhlu;jy; 106k; gf;fk;
- 106 - jha;tPL • Nk May 2019
ngsj;j rka... ,yq;ifapd; jd;id KOikahf <LgLj;jpa jHk
Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; ghy> Xnfhl; cld; Kuz;ghL nfhz;
105k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp... Of;fj;ijf; filg;gpbj;J tho;gtd; vOr;rpAk; ltuha; mt;tpaf;fj;jp ,Ue;J ntsp
ew;fjpia milthd;. ,iwtd; Gjpa rkag; gz;ghLk;: Nawp jhk; mikj;j kfhNghjp rq;f
ftp vd;w J}z;Ljiy toq;fp kf; mtid ,ul;rpg;ghH vd;W Gul;l]; eltbf;iffsp jk; KOf; ftdj;
fis kjk; khw;wpdH. jhe;jpa fpwp];jtk; Nghjpj;jJ. ew;f ngsj;j kjrPHjpUj;j ,af;fj;jpw;F ijAk; nrYj;jpdhH. ,tuJ rNfhj
jpia miltjw;Fupa top> ,t;Tyf epjp cjtpAk;> NtW gy topfspYk; uHfshd vl;kz;l N`ttpj;jhuzTk;>
mr;Rae;jpuhiyfis epWtp rkag; tho;itj;Jwj;j md;W> ,t;Tyfp MjuT nfhLj;jtHfs; fiuNahu khfh lhf;lH rP.V. N`typj;jhuzTk; kJtp
gpurhuj;jpw;nfd iggpisAk; Vuhskhd tho;e;J nfhz;Nl JwT tho;f;ifia zq;fsp Gjpjhf vOr;rpngw;w Kj yf;F ,af;fj;jp jPtpu gq;nfLj;jdH.
gpwE}fisAk; rpq;fs nkhopapYk;> thOjNy MFk;. tplhKaw;rp> rpf;fdk;> yhspj;Jt tFg;gpduhtH. ,g; Gjpa vl;kz;l; N`ttpj;jhuz 1915
Mq;fpyj;jpYk; mr;rpl;L tpepNahfpj;j Gydpd;gq;fsp msTf;F kPwpa <L Kjyhspj;Jt tFg;ig tHj;jf Kj ngsj;j - K];ypk; fytuj;jpd; NghJ
dH. ghL nfhs;shjpUj;j> NeHik Mfpad yhspfs; tFg;G vd;Nw milahsk; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L rpiwap milf;
tpUk;gj;jf;f mwtpOkpaq;fshfg; Nghw; fhzyhk;. rhuhaf; Fj;jif tpahghuk;> fg;gl;bUe;j Ntis> fha;r;r Nehap
epWtdf; fl;likg;Gf;fis cUthf;fp wg;gl;ld. flTs; kWg;Gf; nfhs;if rhuhak; tbj;j> ifj;njhop xg; dh kuzj;ijj; jOtpdhH.
fpwp];jtj;jpw;F khwpa rpq;fstHfis Aila ngsj;jk; ‘epHthzk; gpwtpj; ge;j Ntiyfs;> fhupar; Ruq;fj;njhop
xd;W jpul;b jpUr;rigapd; jiyikj; Jd;gj;jp ,Ue;J ePq;Fj’ vd;w cs;SH tHj;jfk; Nghd;w gy njhop mefhupf jHkghytpd; tho;Tk;> gzp
Jtj;jpd; fPo; mzpjpul;bdH. ,yl;rpaq;fis Nghw;WtJ. rPHjpUj;j fsp <Lgl caHepiy ngw;w tHj;j fSk; tfpghfKk; jdpahf Muhag;gl
thj ngsj;jk; cyfpa tho;f;iff;F fHfshd Kjyhsp tFg;gpdH ngsj;j Ntz;bait. ngsj;j rka rPHjpUj;j
Nkw;Fwpj;j %d;W topKiwfisAk; mtrpakhd mwf;fUj;Jf;fisNa rka rPHjpUj;j ,af;fj;jpd; gpd;dzp ,af;fj;jpw;Fr; ‘rpq;fs-ngsj;j Njrp
1860f;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jp fpwp];jt Nghjpj;jJ. Gjpjjhfj; Njhd;wpa kj;jp ap nraw;gl;ldH. fiuNahu khfhzq; athjk;’ vd;w gupkhzj;ij toq;Ft
kprdupfNs jkJ VfNghf cupikahf aju tFg;gpd; Md;kpfj; NjitfSf; fsp 18k; E}w;whz;b fz;bapd; jpYk;> Gjpa ngsj;jj;ij murpa
itj;jpUe;jdH. mjdh fpwp];jt Fg; nghUj;jkhd rkag; gz;ghl;il rpahk; epfha gpupitr; NrHe;j m];fpupa ngsj;jkhf tbtikg;gjpYk; mefh
ghjpupfspilNa mrhj;jpakhd Jzpr; ,J cUthf;fpaJ. ,g;gz;ghL Nkw; ktj;ijg; gPlq;fspd;Wk; NtWgl;l upf jHkghy Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpdhH vd;
rYk;> cw;rhfKk; fhzg;gl;lJ. 1873 fj;ija Gul;l];jhe;jpaj;jpd; ,aG mkuGu epfha> uhkz;a epfha vd; gij ,q;F Fwpg;gpLj nghUe;jkh
ghze;Jiwap eilngw;w tpthjj;jp fis jd;dfj;Nj NrHj;Jk; nfhz;lJ. gd Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. ,g; gpupTfs; dJ.
fpwp];jtHfs; KjyhtJ jlitahfj; nfhtpfk rhjpapdupd; rpahk; epfhatp
Njhtpaile;jdH. tpthj Nkilap ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifrhH ,Ue;J NtWgl;l rhjpfisr; NrHe;j KbTiu:
Ngr;Rj; jpwikahYk;. thjj; jpwik JwT (This Worldly Asceticism): tHfspd; ngsj;j epfhaq;fshf ,Ue;
ahYk; ntw;wpnfhs;tjp kl;Lk; jpUg; jd. fuht> ryhfk> Juht vd;Dk; ,yq;ifapd; ngsj;j rPHjpUj;j ,af;fj;
jpailahj ngsj;j jiytHfs; 1. rPHjpUj;j ngsj;jk; ,t;Tyf tho;f; %d;W rhjpfs; ,g; Gjpa epfhaq;f jpd; tpisthf Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;
ghlrhiyfs; 2. mr;Rae;jpuk; 3. epW ifrhH JwT vd;w fUj;ij mbg;g spd; r%fj; jskhf mike;jd. Gjpa Gjpa ngsj;jk; (New Buddhism) vd
tdf;fl;likg;Gfs; vd;w %d;iwAk; ilahff; nfhz;lJ. kuGtopg; ngsj; tHj;jf tFg;gpdHfsp fzprkhd ngHnrl; vd;w Ma;thsuh milah
rpwg;ghff; ifahz;L fpwp];jt kpr jk; JwtpfSf;fhd xOf;f tpjpfis vz;zpf;ifapdH ,k; %d;W rhjpfsp sk; fhzg;gl;lJ. fzehj; xgaNrfu
dupfisj; jpifg;gila itj;jdH. (tpea) $wpaJ. rkapfspw;F (Laity) ,Ue;J Njhd;wpatHfshf ,Ue;jdH. mjid Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;jk;
fpwp];jtHfs; cgNahfpj;j fUtpfis Ntz;ba xOf;f newpfs; gw;wp mJ Gjpa ngsj;jj;jpd; tpOkpaq;fSk;> vd tiuaiw nra;jhH. nfhk;gpupl;[;
ngsj;jHfSk; cgNahfpj;jdH vd;g mjpf mf;fiw nfhs;stpiy. rPHjp rkaf; fUj;jpaYk; Gjpa Kjyhspj;J kw;Wk; xgaNrfu Mf;fkhd ‘epiy
jh kl;Lk; ngsj;jk; Gul;l];jhe;jpa Uj;j ngsj;jk; jdpkdpjDf;fhd rka tj;jpd; cyf Nehf;Ff;F (World view) kw;wk; ngw;w ngsj;jk;: ,yq;ifap
ngsj;jkhfpaJ vd;gJ kpif vsp xOf;f tpjpfis tFj;jJ. Vw;wjh mike;jJ. ghlrhiyfis rka khw;wk;’ (1988) vd;w E} ,f;
ikg;gLj;jpa $w;whfNt KbAk;. Gjpa epWTj> gj;jpupiffis Muk;gpj;Jr; fUj;ij tpupthf Muha;e;J tpsf;Ft
ngsj;jj;jpd; tbtq;fis nfhz;L rkaj; jpdkpdjthjk;: rkag; gpurhuj;ij elj;Jtj> Gj;jf jhf cs;sJ. fpj;rpwp kynfhl>
mjid kjpg;gPL nra;j jtW. tb ahit ,e;Jf;fspd; gpbap ,Ue;J vr;.v.nrdptpuj;jpd> ];lhd;yp jk;igah
tj;NjhL> mjd; cs;slf;fj;ijAk; xt;nthU kdpjDk; jdf;Fupa Md;kpf kPl;nlLj;J GdHepHkhzpj;j. mEuh MfpNahUk; ftdpg;Gf;Fupa Ma;T
ghHj;jNtz;Lk;. cUtj;jpYk;> cs; Kd;Ndw;w topiaj; jhNd NjHe;J jGuj;jpd; ngsj;j tpfhiufisg; Gd fis vOjpdH. Gul;l];jhe;jpa ngsj;
slf;fj;jpYk; kj;jpaju tFg;gpdup nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;J etPd uikj;j Nghd;w nraw;ghLfis gpd; jk; etPdkhdJ. ‘murpa rhHe;jJ’
ilNa Njhd;wpa ngsj;jk; Gul;l]; ngsj;jj;jp NkNyhq;fpa fUj;jhFk;. dpd;W ,af;fpatHfs; rpq;fs tHj;jf vd;w milnkhopfshYk; miof;fg;
jhe;jpa ngsj;jkhf ,Ue;jJ. mJ ,jidr; rkaj; jdpkdpjthjk; vd;W r%fj;jpdNuahtH. Xnfhl; njhlf;fp gl;lJ. 21k; E}w;whz;b ,yq;ifapd;
kuGtopg; ngsj;jj;jpd; (Traditional $wyhk;. itj;j ngsj;j jpNahNrhgpf;f rig murpa nrnewpap kpf Kf;fpa
Buddhism) kWjypg;ghfTk; ,Ue;jJ. Ak; tHj;jf Kjyhspj;Jtg; gpuptpdupd; tfpghfj;ijg; ngWk; rpq;fs - ngsj;j
rkaj; J}a;ikthjk;: Mjuitg; ngw;W tsHr;rp ngw;wJ. Njrpathjk; vd;w Njhw;wg;ghl;il
Gjpa ngsj;jg; gz;ghL: 19k; 20k; E}w;whz;bd; ngsj;j rka mj;d tuyhw;Wg; gpd;Gyj;jp Gupe;J
kuGtopg; ngsj;jk;> ngsj;j rkaj; rPHjpUj;j ,af;fj;ij ‘tHj;jfk;> rkak; nfhs;tjw;F Nkw;Fwpj;j Ma;thsHf
Gjpa ngsj;jk; kuGtopg; ngsj;jj; jpw;F me;epakhd ,e;Jf; flTsHfspd; vd;w ,uz;bdJk; fyg;ghd’ tplak; spd; Ma;T E}fSk;> fl;LiufSk;
jpw;F khwhd Gjpa gz;ghl;ilAk;> topghl;L Kiwfis ,izj;Jf;nfhz; vdr; r%ftpayhsHfs; tpgupj;Js;sdH. cjtf;$bad. jkpop ,it gw;wpg;
mw tpOkpaq;fisAk; cUthf;fpaJ ljha; tpsq;fpaJ. rPHjpUj;jg; ngsj; 1956 v];. lgps;A+.MH.b. gz;lhueh Ngrg;glNtz;Lk; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
vOr;rpNgWk; Gjpa kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpd; jk; ,e;J kjf;fyg;gw;w J}a;ikth af;f jiyikap Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig mjdh jkpo; mwpTyfp rkfhy
tho;f;iff;F Vw;wjhd mw tpOkpaq; jj;ij Mjupj;jJ. ngsj;j Njuthjg; Vw;w murhq;fk;> tHj;jfk; + rkak; + r%f murpa gz;ghl;L tplaq;fisg;
fshfg; Gjpa ngsj;jj;jpd; mwnewp gpuptpd; xOf;f newpfisAk; Nghjpj; muR vd;w Gjpa rkd;ghl;il cU gw;wpa mwpT tpUj;jpahFk;.
mike;jJ. kf;];ntgH vd;w r%ftp jJ. gpyp> #dpak;> Nga; Xl;Lk; rq; thf;fpaJ.
ayhsuh Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Gul;l]; Ffs; ngsj;j rkaj;jpw;F me;epakh crhj;Jiz:
jhe;jpa mwk; (Protestant Ethic) vd;w dit vd;w fUj;J J}a;ikthjpfsh mefhupf jHkghy: • Gombrich Richard F.
vz;zf;fU Gjpa gz;ghl;il tpsf; gug;gg;gl;lJ. kuGtopg;gl;l Fbahd; Thereavada Buddhism : A Social History from An-
ff;$baJ. Ma;thsHfs; ,t; vz;zf; r%fj;jpd; (Traditional Peasant Society) 19k; 20k; E}w;whz;Lfspd; ngsj;j cient Benares to modern
fUitAk;> mjNdhL ,ize;j gy rkaj;jp ,Ue;Jte;j %lj;jdkhd rka rPHjpUj;j ,af;fj;jp kpf Kf;fp Colombo. 2nd Edition, Oxford (2014)
fUj;Jr;nrwpTs;s nrhw;fisAk;> nrhw; rlq;FfisAk;> gof;ftof;fq;fisAk; akhd tfpghfj;ijg; gd;Kf MS
njhlHfisAk;> rPHjpUj;j ngsj;jkh gbj;j kj;jpaju tHf;fg; ngsj;jHfs; ikkpf;ftuhd mefhupf jHkghy ngW • Gombrich Richard F. and
fpa Gjpa ngsj;jj;jpd; gz;ghl;il ngsj;jj;jpw;F me;epakhdit vdf; fpd;whH. ,tuJ je;ijahH nlhd; f Obeyesekere Gananath (1988)
tpsf;Ftjw;F cgNahfpj;jdH. mtw; fUjpdH. efuk; rhH gbj;j tFg;gpd; Nuhyp]; N`ttpj;jhuz jsghl cw;
iwg; gpd;tUkhW njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;. ngsj;j J}a;ikthjk; rka mbg;g gj;jpahsUk; tHj;jfUk; MtH. ngUk; Buddhism Transformed:
ilthjj;jpd; (Fundamentalism) mk;rq; nrtk; gilj;j FLk;gg; gpd;dzp Religious Change in Ceylon.
Gul;l];jhe;jpa mwk;: fisAk; nfhz;lJ vd;gJk; fUj;jpw; ap Njhd;wpa jHkghy jk; tho;it
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;baJ. rpq;fs ngsj;jHfspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw; [email protected]
,t;Tyfp tho;e;Jnfhz;Nl> enyh fhf mHg;gzpj;jhH. jpNahNrhgpf;f
rigapd; eltbf;iffsp Muk;gj;jp
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